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Limaye VS, Magal A, Joshi J, Maji S, Dutta P, Rajput P, Pingle S, Madan P, Mukerjee P, Bano S, Beig G, Mavalankar D, Jaiswal A, Knowlton K. Air quality and health co-benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions by 2030: an interdisciplinary modeling study in Ahmedabad, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, HEALTH : ERH 2023; 1:021003. [PMID: 36873423 PMCID: PMC9975964 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/aca7d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Climate change-driven temperature increases worsen air quality in places where coal combustion powers electricity for air conditioning. Climate solutions that substitute clean and renewable energy in place of polluting coal and promote adaptation to warming through reflective cool roofs can reduce cooling energy demand in buildings, lower power sector carbon emissions, and improve air quality and health. We investigate the air quality and health co-benefits of climate solutions in Ahmedabad, India-a city where air pollution levels exceed national health-based standards-through an interdisciplinary modeling approach. Using a 2018 baseline, we quantify changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and all-cause mortality in 2030 from increasing renewable energy use (mitigation) and expanding Ahmedabad's cool roofs heat resilience program (adaptation). We apply local demographic and health data and compare a 2030 mitigation and adaptation (M&A) scenario to a 2030 business-as-usual (BAU) scenario (without climate change response actions), each relative to 2018 pollution levels. We estimate that the 2030 BAU scenario results in an increase of PM2.5 air pollution of 4.13 µg m-3 from 2018 compared to a 0.11 µg m-3 decline from 2018 under the 2030 M&A scenario. Reduced PM2.5 air pollution under 2030 M&A results in 1216-1414 fewer premature all-cause deaths annually compared to 2030 BAU. Achievement of National Clean Air Programme, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, or World Health Organization annual PM2.5 Air Quality Guideline targets in 2030 results in up to 6510, 9047, or 17 369 fewer annual deaths, respectively, relative to 2030 BAU. This comprehensive modeling method is adaptable to estimate local air quality and health co-benefits in other settings by integrating climate, energy, cooling, land cover, air pollution, and health data. Our findings demonstrate that city-level climate change response policies can achieve substantial air quality and health co-benefits. Such work can inform public discourse on the near-term health benefits of mitigation and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Limaye
- Natural Resources Defense Council 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, United States of America
| | - Akhilesh Magal
- Gujarat Energy and Research Management Institute (Former), PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Jaykumar Joshi
- Gujarat Energy and Research Management Institute (Former), PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Sujit Maji
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Priya Dutta
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, NH-147, Palaj Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India
| | - Prashant Rajput
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, NH-147, Palaj Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India
| | - Shyam Pingle
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, NH-147, Palaj Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India
| | - Prima Madan
- Natural Resources Defense Council 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, United States of America
| | - Polash Mukerjee
- Natural Resources Defense Council 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, United States of America
| | - Shahana Bano
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Gufran Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Dileep Mavalankar
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, NH-147, Palaj Village, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India
| | - Anjali Jaiswal
- Natural Resources Defense Council 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, United States of America
| | - Kim Knowlton
- Natural Resources Defense Council 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, United States of America
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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Chen Y, Chen S, Zhao D, Li J, Bi H, Lou G, Guan Y. The role of boundary layer height in India on transboundary pollutions to the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155816. [PMID: 35550898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) play an important role in radiative budget and hydrologic cycle over Asia even the northern hemisphere. Adjacent to the major emission sources of air pollutants, transboundary pollutions transported to the TP due to the unique geographical location and climatic characteristics, is an important exogenous driver of multi-layer changes over the TP. The influence of boundary layer height (BLH) in India to the transboundary pollution over the TP from 1980 to 2018 was investigated in the study. Results showed that air pollutants transported to the TP is more efficient within the boundary layer compared with free troposphere. The BLH decreases with the rate of 1.8 m/season in these decades. Moreover, it also has a significant correlation with AOD (-0.4). Accompanied with westerly wind and the topographic forcing in the higher boundary layer, dust particles were uplifted from the northern India to the high altitude. Compared with a higher BLH, the lower BLH is difficult for the long transport of pollutants with weaker westerly wind over the TP and its difference of dust concentration with 0.2 μg m-3 in the upper troposphere. The solar radiation enhancement increases the sensible heat and accelerate the upward of the atmosphere in high BLH events, which uplifts the pollutants accumulated in lower troposphere to higher altitudes and provides thermodynamic conditions for the pollutants transorted to the TP with westerly winds. This study provides confidence for the source, long-term transport of the TP aerosol, and its environmental and climatic impacts on climate systems in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jixiang Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hongru Bi
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Gaotong Lou
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yawen Guan
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Mujtaba G, Ashfaq S. The impact of environment degrading factors and remittances on health expenditure: an asymmetric ARDL and dynamic simulated ARDL approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8560-8576. [PMID: 34494188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of CO2 emissions, air pollution (PM2.5) exposure, foreign remittances, energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, and gross domestic product per capita on health expenditure in a panel of the 27 highest emitting countries from 2000 to 2019. Focusing on objectives, panel ARDL, and dynamic simulated ARDL models are used to examine the short-run and long-run impact of the variables on health expenditure. An asymmetric or nonlinear ARDL model is used to test the asymmetric effect of CO2 emissions, air pollution exposure, and foreign remittance inflows on health expenditure. The results show that environment-degrading factors, remittances, and GDP per capita significantly impact health expenditure. There is an asymmetric effect of remittances, CO2 emissions, and air pollution (PM2.5) exposure on health expenditure. Based on the results, the study suggests policymakers should make policies regarding environment-degrading elements as these factors cause huge increases in health spending in a country. Consumption of renewable energy helps reduce health expenditure as it does not cause environmental degradation, irrespective of other forms of energy, and it is suggested that policies relating to foreign remittance inflows should be encouraged and made efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mujtaba
- School of Finance, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Management Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saira Ashfaq
- Management Science Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Nazar W, Plata-Nazar K. Changes in Air Pollution-Related Behaviour Measured by Google Trends Search Volume Index in Response to Reported Air Quality in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111709. [PMID: 34770224 PMCID: PMC8583351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decreased air quality is connected to an increase in daily mortality rates. Thus, people’s behavioural response to sometimes elevated air pollution levels is vital. We aimed to analyse spatial and seasonal changes in air pollution-related information-seeking behaviour in response to nationwide reported air quality in Poland. Google Trends Search Volume Index data was used to investigate Poles’ interest in air pollution-related keywords. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations measured across Poland between 2016 and 2019 as well as locations of monitoring stations were collected from the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection databases. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to measure the strength of spatial and seasonal relationships between reported air pollution levels and the popularity of search queries. The highest PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were observed in southern voivodeships and during the winter season. Similar trends were observed for Poles’ interest in air pollution-related keywords. Greater interest in air quality data in Poland strongly correlates with both higher regional and higher seasonal air pollution levels. It appears that Poles are socially aware of this issue and that their intensification of the information-seeking behaviour seems to indicate a relevant ad hoc response to variable threat severity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-530-087-968
| | - Katarzyna Plata-Nazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Nowe Ogrody 1-6, 80-803 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Singh D, Dahiya M, Kumar R, Nanda C. Sensors and systems for air quality assessment monitoring and management: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112510. [PMID: 33827002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air quality (AQ) is a global concern for human health management. Therefore, air quality monitoring (AQM) and its management is a must-needed activity for the current world environment. A systematic review of various sensors and systems for AQ management may strengthen our understanding of the monitoring and management of AQ. Thus, the current review presents details on sensors/systems available for AQ assessment, monitoring, and management. First, we had gone through the published literature based on special keywords including AQM, Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), Sulfur di-Oxide (SO2), and Nitrogen di-Oxide (NO2) among others, and identified the current scenario of research in AQ management. We discussed various sensors/systems available for the AQ management based on self-conceptualised five major categories including, ground-based AQS (wet chemistry) systems, ground-based digital sensors systems, aerial sensors systems, satellite-based sensors systems, and integrated systems. The prospects in the field of AQ assessment and management (AQA&M) were then discussed in detail. We concluded that the AQA&M can be better achieved by coupling new technologies like ground-based smart sensors, satellite remote sensing sensors, Geospatial technologies, and computational technologies like machine learning, Artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT). The current work may lead to a junction of information for connecting these sensors/systems, which is expected to be beneficial in future AQ research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Haryana Space Applications Centre, CRID, CCS HAU Campus, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Dahiya
- Haryana Space Applications Centre, CRID, CCS HAU Campus, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Larsen & Tourbro Infotech Limited, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Chintan Nanda
- Haryana Space Applications Centre, CRID, CCS HAU Campus, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Limaye VS, Schöpp W, Amann M. Applying Integrated Exposure-Response Functions to PM 2.5 Pollution in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E60. [PMID: 30587830 PMCID: PMC6339055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5, diameter ≤2.5 μm) is implicated as the most health-damaging air pollutant. Large cohort studies of chronic exposure to PM2.5 and mortality risk are largely confined to areas with low to moderate ambient PM2.5 concentrations and posit log-linear exposure-response functions. However, levels of PM2.5 in developing countries such as India are typically much higher, causing unknown health effects. Integrated exposure-response functions for high PM2.5 exposures encompassing risk estimates from ambient air, secondhand smoke, and active smoking exposures have been posited. We apply these functions to estimate the future cause-specific mortality risks associated with population-weighted ambient PM2.5 exposures in India in 2030 using Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model projections. The loss in statistical life expectancy (SLE) is calculated based on risk estimates and baseline mortality rates. Losses in SLE are aggregated and weighted using national age-adjusted, cause-specific mortality rates. 2030 PM2.5 pollution in India reaches an annual mean of 74 μg/m³, nearly eight times the corresponding World Health Organization air quality guideline. The national average loss in SLE is 32.5 months (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 29.7⁻35.2, regional range: 8.5⁻42.0), compared to an average of 53.7 months (95% CI: 46.3⁻61.1) using methods currently applied in GAINS. Results indicate wide regional variation in health impacts, and these methods may still underestimate the total health burden caused by PM2.5 exposures due to model assumptions on minimum age thresholds of pollution effects and a limited subset of health endpoints analyzed. Application of the revised exposure-response functions suggests that the most polluted areas in India will reap major health benefits only with substantial improvements in air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Limaye
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Markus Amann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
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