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Dhandwal A, Bashir O, Malik T, Salve RV, Dash KK, Amin T, Shams R, Wani AW, Shah YA. Sustainable microalgal biomass as a potential functional food and its applications in food industry: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33431-6. [PMID: 38710849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae (MA) are the most abundant seaweeds with high nutritional properties. They are accepted as potential biocatalysts for the bioremediation of wastewater. They are widely used in food, feed, and biofuel industries and can potentially be food for future generations. MA-based purification of wastewater technology could be a universal alternative solution for the recovery of resources from wastewater for low-cost biomass feedstock for industry. They provide a wide range of functional components, viz. omega-3 fatty acids, along with a plenteous number of pigments such as ß-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein, phycocyanin, and chlorophyll, which are used extensively as food additives and nutraceuticals. Further, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and carbohydrates are described as nutritional characteristics in MA. They are investigated as single-cell protein, thickening/stabilizing agents, and pigment sources in the food industry. The review emphasizes the production and extraction of nutritional and functional components of algal biomass and the role of microalgal polysaccharides in digestion and nutritional absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Further, the use of MA in the food industry was also investigated along with their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Dhandwal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Omar Bashir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tanu Malik
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Vinayak Salve
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tawheed Amin
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rafeeya Shams
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Alagawany M, Lestingi A, Abdelzaher HA, Elnesr SS, Madkour M, El-Baz FK, Alfassam HE, Rudayni HA, Allam AA, Abd El Hack ME. Dietary supplementation with Dunaliella salina microalga promotes quail growth by altering lipid profile and immunity. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103591. [PMID: 38471224 PMCID: PMC11067772 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goals of the current research are to ascertain the impacts of Dunaliella salina (DS) on quail growth, carcass criteria, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, and immune response. Two hundred and forty 7-day-old quail chicks were divided equally into 4 separate groups with 6 replicates with 10 birds each. The groups were as follows: 1) control diet (the basal feed without DS), 2) control diet enriched with 0.25 g DS/kg, 3) control diet enriched with 0.50 g DS/kg, and 4) control diet enriched with 1.00 g DS/kg. Results elucidated that the birds which consumed 0.5 and 1 g DS/kg diet performed better than other birds in terms of live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were no significant changes in feed intake (FI) and carcass characteristics due to different dietary DS levels. Compared to the control group, DS-treated groups had better lipid profile (low total cholesterol and LDL values and high HDL values) and immune response (complement 3 values). The quails consumed feeds with different levels of DS had greater (P < 0.038) C3 compared to control. Adding 0.5 and 1 g DS/kg lowered blood concentrations of triglycerides and total protein (TP) values. The high level of DS (1 g/kg) had higher albumin values and lower AST values than other groups (P < 0.05). The creatinine values were at the lowest levels in the group consumed 0.50 g DS/kg feed. No changes (P > 0.05) were demonstrated among experimental groups in the ALT, urea, and lysozyme values. In conclusion, adding D. salina to growing quail diets enhanced growth, immune system, blood lipid profile, and kidney and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Antonia Lestingi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Hagar A Abdelzaher
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Agriculture Faculty, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Farouk K El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haifa E Alfassam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
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Alghamdi MA, Elbaz MI, Ismail IE, Reda FM, Alagawany M, El-Tarabily KA, Abdelgeliel AS. Dietary supplementation with a mixture of Dunaliella salina and Spirulina enhances broiler performance by improving growth, immunity, digestive enzymes and gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103337. [PMID: 38215503 PMCID: PMC10825683 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Dunaliella salina and Spirulina (D + S) mixture on performance, carcass yield, kidney and liver markers, lipid profile, and immune responses of fattening chicks. Two hundred broiler chicks at 7 days old were distributed into 5 experimental groups, 5 replicates each with 8 chicks each. Group 1 was fed on only basal diet; group 2 was fed with basal diet and 0.50 g/kg (D + S); group 3 was fed with basal diet and 1.00 g/kg (D + S); group 4 was fed with basal diet and 1.50 g/kg (D + S); and group 5 was fed with basal diet supplemented with 2.00 g/kg (D + S). The additive mixture (D + S) consisted of (1 D. salina: 1 Spirulina). The experiment lasted for 6 wk. The results demonstrated significantly improved better live body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (P<0.01) for groups that received (D + S) at levels of 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg diet compared to other groups at 6 wk of age. There was no significant influence of different levels of dietary feed additives on feed intake or carcass traits. The lipid profile was improved through a reduction of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values, as well as the immune response, which was improved through increasing values of complement 3, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the birds treated with (D + S) compared to the control group. The inclusion of all levels of (D + S)/kg decreased triglyceride, while total protein, albumen, and globulin values (P<0.05 or P<0.01) were higher compared to other groups. The inclusion of the different levels of (D + S)/kg improved liver function, whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were lower than in other groups (P<0.001). The lowest values of creatinine, urea, and uric acid were noted in birds fed a diet supplemented with 1.50 g (D + S)/kg. Antioxidant levels were improved through increasing values of catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) enzymes in the treated birds with (D + S) compared with the control chicks. Furthermore, digestive enzymes and microbial content were improved in broiler checks fed on diet supplemented with (D + S) compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementing broiler chicks with a dietary D. salina and Spirulina combination increased their productive performance, immunity, kidney and liver function, lipid profile, and digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Alghamdi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud I Elbaz
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ismail E Ismail
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Fayiz M Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asmaa Sayed Abdelgeliel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Campitiello R, Cutolo M. The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:630. [PMID: 38132951 PMCID: PMC10745133 DOI: 10.3390/md21120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an invalidating chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and progressive bone damage. Dietary intervention is an important component in the treatment of RA to mitigate oxidative stress, a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Alongside traditional sources of antioxidants, microalgae-a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes-are emerging as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory food supplements. Several species accumulate therapeutic metabolites-mainly lipids and pigments-which interfere in the pro-inflammatory pathways involved in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The advancement of the clinical uses of microalgae requires the continuous exploration of phytoplankton biodiversity and chemodiversity, followed by the domestication of wild strains into reliable producers of said metabolites. In addition, the tractability of microalgal genomes offers unprecedented possibilities to establish photosynthetic microbes as light-driven biofactories of heterologous immunotherapeutics. Here, we review the evidence-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms of microalgal metabolites and provide a detailed coverage of the genetic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of endogenous compounds and to develop innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Campitiello
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
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Dubey KK, Kumar A, Baldia A, Rajput D, Kateriya S, Singh R, Nikita, Tandon R, Mishra YK. Biomanufacturing of glycosylated antibodies: Challenges, solutions, and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108267. [PMID: 37813174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, recombinant protein production has been done in several expression hosts of bacteria, fungi, and majorly CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells; few have high production costs and are susceptible to harmful toxin contamination. Green algae have the potential to produce recombinant proteins in a more sustainable manner. Microalgal diversity leads to offer excellent opportunities to produce glycosylated antibodies. An antibody with humanized glycans plays a crucial role in cellular communication that works to regulate cells and molecules, to control disease, and to stimulate immunity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to understand the role of abiotic factors (light, temperature, pH, etc.) in the production of bioactive molecules and molecular mechanisms of product synthesis from microalgae which would lead to harnessing the potential of algal bio-refinery. However, the potential of microalgae as the source of bio-refinery has been less explored. In the present review, omics approaches for microalgal engineering, methods of humanized glycoproteins production focusing majorly on N-glycosylation pathways, light-based regulation of glycosylation machinery, and production of antibodies with humanized glycans in microalgae with a major emphasis on modulation of post-translation machinery of microalgae which might play a role in better understanding of microalgal potential as a source for antibody production along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anshu Baldia
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanshi Rajput
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajani Singh
- Laboratory of Optobiotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark.
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E, Zerva A, Pantiora PD, Georgakis ND, Tsintzou GP, Madesis P, Labrou NE. Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition, Health and Livestock Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37891962 PMCID: PMC10604252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a renewable and sustainable source of bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant compounds, that have been documented to have beneficial effects on nutrition and health. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, has increased. The antioxidant activity of microalgae significantly varies between species and depends on growth conditions. In the last decade, microalgae have been explored in livestock animals as feed additives with the aim of improving both animals' health and performance as well as product quality and the environmental impact of livestock. These findings are highly dependent on the composition of microalgae strain and their amount in the diet. The use of carbohydrate-active enzymes can increase nutrient bioavailability as a consequence of recalcitrant microalgae cell wall degradation, making it a promising strategy for monogastric nutrition for improving livestock productivity. The use of microalgae as an alternative to conventional feedstuffs is becoming increasingly important due to food-feed competition, land degradation, water deprivation, and climate change. However, the cost-effective production and use of microalgae is a major challenge in the near future, and their cultivation technology should be improved by reducing production costs, thus increasing profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota D Pantiora
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia P Tsintzou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, P.O. Box 361, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
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Sandgruber F, Gielsdorf A, Schenz B, Müller SM, Schwerdtle T, Lorkowski S, Griehl C, Dawczynski C. Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Rarely Researched Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:355. [PMID: 37367680 DOI: 10.3390/md21060355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have enormous potential for human nutrition, yet the European Commission has authorized the consumption of only eleven species. Strains of fifteen rarely researched microalgae from two kingdoms were screened regarding their nutritional profile and value for human health in two cultivation phases. Contents of protein, fiber, lipids, fatty acids, minerals, trace elements and heavy metals were determined. In the growth phase, microalgae accumulated more arginine, histidine, ornithine, pure and crude protein, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn and less Ni, Mo and I2 compared to the stationary phase. Higher contents of total fat, C14:0, C14:1n5, C16:1n7, C20:4n6, C20:5n3 and also As were observed in microalgae from the chromista kingdom in comparison to microalgae from the plantae kingdom (p < 0.05). Conversely, the latter had higher contents of C20:0, C20:1n9 and C18:3n3 as well as Ca and Pb (p < 0.05). More precisely, Chrysotila carterae appeared to have great potential for human nutrition because of its high nutrient contents such as fibers, carotenoids, C20:6n3, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Se, Zn, Ni, Mo and I2. In summary, microalgae may contribute to a large variety of nutrients, yet the contents differ between kingdoms, cultivation phases and also species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sandgruber
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Gielsdorf
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schenz
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Marie Müller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carola Griehl
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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Lorenzo K, Santocildes G, Torrella JR, Magalhães J, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torres JL, Ramos-Romero S. Bioactivity of Macronutrients from Chlorella in Physical Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:2168. [PMID: 37432326 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a marine microalga rich in proteins and containing all the essential amino acids. Chlorella also contains fiber and other polysaccharides, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of the different macronutrients in Chlorella can be modulated by altering the conditions in which it is cultured. The bioactivities of these macronutrients make Chlorella a good candidate food to include in regular diets or as the basis of dietary supplements in exercise-related nutrition both for recreational exercisers and professional athletes. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of the macronutrients in Chlorella on physical exercise, specifically their impact on performance and recovery. In general, consuming Chlorella improves both anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance as well as physical stamina and reduces fatigue. These effects seem to be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic activity of all its macronutrients, while each component of Chlorella contributes its bioactivity via a specific action. Chlorella is an excellent dietary source of high-quality protein in the context of physical exercise, as dietary proteins increase satiety, activation of the anabolic mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway in skeletal muscle, and the thermic effects of meals. Chlorella proteins also increase intramuscular free amino acid levels and enhance the ability of the muscles to utilize them during exercise. Fiber from Chlorella increases the diversity of the gut microbiota, which helps control body weight and maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which improve physical performance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from Chlorella contribute to endothelial protection and modulate the fluidity and rigidity of cell membranes, which may improve performance. Ultimately, in contrast to several other nutritional sources, the use of Chlorella to provide high-quality protein, dietary fiber, and bioactive fatty acids may also significantly contribute to a sustainable world through the fixation of carbon dioxide and a reduction of the amount of land used to produce animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karenia Lorenzo
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Garoa Santocildes
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Bumbac M, Nicolescu CM, Olteanu RL, Gherghinoiu SC, Bumbac C, Tiron O, Manea EE, Radulescu C, Gorghiu LM, Stanescu SG, Serban BC, Buiu O. Preparation and Characterization of Microalgae Styrene-Butadiene Composites Using Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1357. [PMID: 36987138 PMCID: PMC10055758 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry is a high consumer of polymer packing materials, sealing materials, and engineering components used in production equipment. Biobased polymer composites used in the food industry are obtained by incorporating different biogenic materials into the structure of a base polymer matrix. Renewable resources such as microalgae, bacteria, and plants may be used as biogenic materials for this purpose. Photoautotrophic microalgae are valuable microorganisms that are able to harvest sunlight energy and capture CO2 into biomass. They are characterized by their metabolic adaptability to environmental conditions, higher photosynthetic efficiency than terrestrial plants, and natural macromolecules and pigments. The flexibility of microalgae to grow in either low-nutrient or nutrient-rich environments (including wastewater) has led to the attention for their use in various biotechnological applications. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are the main three classes of macromolecular compounds contained in microalgal biomass. The content in each of these components depends on their growth conditions. In general, proteins represent 40-70% of microalgae dry biomass, followed by carbohydrates (10-30%) and lipids (5-20%). A distinctive feature of microalgae cells is the presence of light-harvesting compounds such as photosynthetic pigments carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phycobilins, which are also receiving growing interest for applications in various industrial fields. The study comparatively reports on polymer composites obtained with biomass made of two species of green microalgae: Chlorella vulgaris and filamentous, gram-negative cyanobacterium Arthrospira. Experiments were conducted to reach an incorporation ratio of the biogenic material into the matrix in the 5-30% range, and the resulting materials were characterized by their mechanical and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bumbac
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Radu Lucian Olteanu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Stefan Cosmin Gherghinoiu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Costel Bumbac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Olga Tiron
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Elisabeta Manea
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Radulescu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Laura Monica Gorghiu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Sorina Geanina Stanescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Bogdan Catalin Serban
- IMT Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Octavian Buiu
- IMT Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
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12
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Chen Y, Liang H, Du H, Jesumani V, He W, Cheong KL, Li T, Hong T. Industry chain and challenges of microalgal food industry-a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4789-4816. [PMID: 36377724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the whole world is facing hunger due to the increase in the global population and the rising level of food consumption. Unfortunately, the impact of environmental, climate, and political issues on agriculture has resulted in limited global food resources. Thus, it is important to develop new food sources that are environmentally friendly and not subject to climate or space limitations. Microalgae represent a potential source of nutrients and bioactive components for a wide range of high-value products. Advances in cultivation and genetic engineering techniques provide prospective approaches to widen their application for food. However, there are currently problems in the microalgae food industry in terms of assessing nutritional value, selecting processes for microalgae culture, obtaining suitable commercial strains of microalgae, etc. Additionally, the limitations of real data of market opportunities for microalgae make it difficult to assess their actual potential and to develop a better industrial chain. This review addresses the current status of the microalgae food industry, the process of commercializing microalgae food and breeding methods. Current research progress in addressing the limitations of microalgae industrialization and future prospects for developing microalgae food products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Valentina Jesumani
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiling He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Cobos M, Condori RC, Grandez MA, Estela SL, Del Aguila MT, Castro CG, Rodríguez HN, Vargas JA, Tresierra AB, Barriga LA, Marapara JL, Adrianzén PM, Ruiz R, Castro JC. Genomic analysis and biochemical profiling of an unaxenic strain of Synechococcus sp. isolated from the Peruvian Amazon Basin region. Front Genet 2022; 13:973324. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.973324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are diverse photosynthetic microorganisms able to produce a myriad of bioactive chemicals. To make possible the rational exploitation of these microorganisms, it is fundamental to know their metabolic capabilities and to have genomic resources. In this context, the main objective of this research was to determine the genome features and the biochemical profile of Synechococcus sp. UCP002. The cyanobacterium was isolated from the Peruvian Amazon Basin region and cultured in BG-11 medium. Growth parameters, genome features, and the biochemical profile of the cyanobacterium were determined using standardized methods. Synechococcus sp. UCP002 had a specific growth rate of 0.086 ± 0.008 μ and a doubling time of 8.08 ± 0.78 h. The complete genome of Synechococcus sp. UCP002 had a size of ∼3.53 Mb with a high coverage (∼200x), and its quality parameters were acceptable (completeness = 99.29%, complete and single-copy genes = 97.5%, and contamination = 0.35%). Additionally, the cyanobacterium had six plasmids ranging from 24 to 200 kbp. The annotated genome revealed ∼3,422 genes, ∼ 3,374 protein-coding genes (with ∼41.31% hypothetical protein-coding genes), two CRISPR Cas systems, and 61 non-coding RNAs. Both the genome and plasmids had the genes for prokaryotic defense systems. Additionally, the genome had genes coding the transcription factors of the metalloregulator ArsR/SmtB family, involved in sensing heavy metal pollution. The biochemical profile showed primary nutrients, essential amino acids, some essential fatty acids, pigments (e.g., all-trans-β-carotene, chlorophyll a, and phycocyanin), and phenolic compounds. In conclusion, Synechococcus sp. UCP002 shows biotechnological potential to produce human and animal nutrients and raw materials for biofuels and could be a new source of genes for synthetic biological applications.
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14
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A review on current and future advancements for commercialized microalgae species. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Mendes MC, Navalho S, Ferreira A, Paulino C, Figueiredo D, Silva D, Gao F, Gama F, Bombo G, Jacinto R, Aveiro SS, Schulze PSC, Gonçalves AT, Pereira H, Gouveia L, Patarra RF, Abreu MH, Silva JL, Navalho J, Varela JCS, Speranza LG. Algae as Food in Europe: An Overview of Species Diversity and Their Application. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131871. [PMID: 35804686 PMCID: PMC9265617 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae have been consumed for millennia in several parts of the world as food, food supplements, and additives, due to their unique organoleptic properties and nutritional and health benefits. Algae are sustainable sources of proteins, minerals, and fiber, with well-balanced essential amino acids, pigments, and fatty acids, among other relevant metabolites for human nutrition. This review covers the historical consumption of algae in Europe, developments in the current European market, challenges when introducing new species to the market, bottlenecks in production technology, consumer acceptance, and legislation. The current algae species that are consumed and commercialized in Europe were investigated, according to their status under the European Union (EU) Novel Food legislation, along with the market perspectives in terms of the current research and development initiatives, while evaluating the interest and potential in the European market. The regular consumption of more than 150 algae species was identified, of which only 20% are approved under the EU Novel Food legislation, which demonstrates that the current legislation is not broad enough and requires an urgent update. Finally, the potential of the European algae market growth was indicated by the analysis of the trends in research, technological advances, and market initiatives to promote algae commercialization and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Caria Mendes
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Sofia Navalho
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Alice Ferreira
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy Unit, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Paulino
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Daniel Silva
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Fengzheng Gao
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Florinda Gama
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Gabriel Bombo
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Rita Jacinto
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Susana S. Aveiro
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Peter S. C. Schulze
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
| | - Luisa Gouveia
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy Unit, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Rita F. Patarra
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- Expolab—Ciência Viva Science Centre, Avenida da Ciência—Beta, 9560-421 Lagoa, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus, Produção e Comercialização de Algas e Seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal;
| | - Joana L. Silva
- Allmicroalgae—Natural Products, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal;
| | - João Navalho
- Necton S.A., Belamandil s/n, 8700-152 Olhão, Portugal;
| | - João C. S. Varela
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Lais Galileu Speranza
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.M.); (S.N.); (C.P.); (D.F.); (D.S.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (R.J.); (S.S.A.); (P.S.C.S.); (A.T.G.); (H.P.); (L.G.); (J.C.S.V.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Ziyaei K, Ataie Z, Mokhtari M, Adrah K, Daneshmehr MA. An insight to the therapeutic potential of algae-derived sulfated polysaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acids: Focusing on the COVID-19. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:244-257. [PMID: 35306019 PMCID: PMC8924028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic severely affected human health worldwide. The rapidly increasing COVID-19 cases and successive mutations of the virus have made it a major challenge for scientists to find the best and efficient drug/vaccine/strategy to counteract the virus pathogenesis. As a result of research in scientific databases, regulating the immune system and its responses with nutrients and nutritional interventions is the most critical solution to prevent and combat this infection. Also, modulating other organs such as the intestine with these compounds can lead to the vaccines' effectiveness. Marine resources, mainly algae, are rich sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds with known immunomodulatory properties and the gut microbiome regulations. According to the purpose of the review, algae-derived bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory activities, sulfated polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have a good effect on the immune system. In addition, they have probiotic/prebiotic properties in the intestine and modulate the gut microbiomes; therefore, they can increase the effectiveness of vaccines produced. Thus, they with respectable safety, immune regulation, and modulation of microbiota have potential therapeutic against infections, especially COVID-19. They can also be employed as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of viral infections, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataie
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Kelvin Adrah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Daneshmehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed AA, Mohamed HI, Ramadan KMA, Barqawi AA, Mansour AT. Phytochemical and Potential Properties of Seaweeds and Their Recent Applications: A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060342. [PMID: 35736145 PMCID: PMC9227187 DOI: 10.3390/md20060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Furthermore, research into the biological activity of certain seaweed compounds has progressed significantly, with an emphasis on their composition and application for human and animal nutrition. Seaweeds have many uses: they are consumed as fodder, and have been used in medicines, cosmetics, energy, fertilizers, and industrial agar and alginate biosynthesis. The beneficial effects of seaweed are mostly due to the presence of minerals, vitamins, phenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as several other bioactive compounds. These compounds seem to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Recent advances and limitations for seaweed bioactive as a nutraceutical in terms of bioavailability are explored in order to better comprehend their therapeutic development. To further understand the mechanism of action of seaweed chemicals, more research is needed as is an investigation into their potential usage in pharmaceutical companies and other applications, with the ultimate objective of developing sustainable and healthier products. The objective of this review is to collect information about the role of seaweeds on nutritional, pharmacological, industrial, and biochemical applications, as well as their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (A.A.M.); (H.I.M.)
| | - Amal A. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia;
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (A.A.M.); (H.I.M.)
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Science Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11757, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (A.A.M.); (H.I.M.)
| | - Khaled M. A. Ramadan
- Central Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Aminah A. Barqawi
- Chemistry Department, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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18
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Frazzini S, Scaglia E, Dell’Anno M, Reggi S, Panseri S, Giromini C, Lanzoni D, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Rossi L. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Algal and Cyanobacterial Extracts: An In Vitro Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050992. [PMID: 35624856 PMCID: PMC9137800 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae and cyanobacteria, other than their nutritional value, possess different beneficial properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial ones. Therefore, they can be considered functional ingredients in animal feed and natural substitutes for antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity against porcine O138 E. coli of Ascophyllum nodosum, Chlorella vulgaris, Lithotamnium calcareum, Schizochytrium spp. as algal species and Arthrospira platensis as cyanobacteria. The antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay testing at three different concentrations (100%; 75%; 50%). The growth inhibition effect of the extracts at concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6%, 3% and 1.5% against porcine O138 E. coli was genetically characterized by PCR to detect the presence of major virulence factors; this was evaluated by following the microdilution bacterial growth method. The ABTS assay disclosed that Ascophyllum nodosum was the compound with the major antioxidant properties (57.75 ± 1.44 percentage of inhibition; p < 0.0001). All the extracts tested showed growth inhibition activity at a concentration of 25%. Among all extracts, A. nodosum was the most effective, showing a significant growth inhibition of E. coli; in particular, the log10 cells/mL of E. coli used as a control resulted in a significantly higher concentration of 25% and 12.5% after 4 h (8.45 ± 0.036 and 7.22 ± 0.025 log10 cells/mL, respectively; p < 0.005). This also suggests a dose-dependent relationship between the inhibitory activity and the concentration. Also, a synergistic effect was observed on antioxidant activity for the combination of Ascophyllum nodosum and Lithotamnium calcareum (p < 0.0001). Moreover, to determine if this combination could affect the viability of the IPEC-J2 cells under the normal or stress condition, the viability and membrane integrity were tested, disclosing that the combination mitigated the oxidative stress experimentally induced by increasing the cell viability. In conclusion, the results obtained highlight that the bioactive compounds of algal species are able to exert antioxidant capacity and modulate O138 E. coli growth. Also, the combination of Ascophyllum nodosum and Lithotamnium calcareum species can enhance their bioactivity, making them a promising functional feed additive and a suitable alternative to antibiotics.
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Biscaia WL, Miyawaki B, de Mello TC, de Vasconcelos EC, de Arruda NMB, Maranho LT. Biofixation of Air Emissions and Biomass Valorization-Evaluation of Microalgal Biotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4033-4048. [PMID: 35587326 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This research appraised the simultaneous biofixation, that is not quite common in scientific literature, of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxides (NOx) by microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Scenedesmus subspicatus. The experimental design was established by five treatments with gas concentrations between control-0.04% of CO2, 5 to 15% of CO2, and 30 to 100 ppm of NOx. Parameters such as pH, growth, productivity, lipids, protein, carbon/ nitrogen ratio, and astaxanthin were evaluated. For all species, the maximal growth and productivity were achieved with 5% of CO2 and 30 ppm of NOx. Regarding protein content, for all the three species, better results were obtained at higher concentrations of CO2 and NOx. These results prove the microalgae capacity for CO2 and NOx biofixation and reuse of biomass as a source of high value-added products, such as lipids, proteins, and astaxanthin. These findings support the indication of these species for flue gas treatment process and use in biorefineries systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walquíria Letícia Biscaia
- Professional Master's Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81.280-330, Brazil.,LACTEC - Institute of Technology for the Development, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, n.o 1 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Miyawaki
- LACTEC - Institute of Technology for the Development, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, n.o 1 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Thiago Carvalho de Mello
- LACTEC - Institute of Technology for the Development, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, n.o 1 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Eliane Carvalho de Vasconcelos
- Professional Master's Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81.280-330, Brazil
| | - Nicole Machuca Brassac de Arruda
- LACTEC - Institute of Technology for the Development, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, n.o 1 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 80210-170, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81.280-330, Brazil
| | - Leila Teresinha Maranho
- Professional Master's Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81.280-330, Brazil. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Positivo University, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81.280-330, Brazil.
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Waghmare A, Chugh N, Sagaram U, Arun S, Menon D, Subhash GV, Nagle V, Dattaroy T, Dasgupta S. Characterization of storage stability of microalgal biomass for its applications as protein feed ingredients in animal and aquafeeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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21
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Mechanism study on the regulation of metabolite flux for producing promising bioactive substances in microalgae Desmodesmus sp.YT through salinity stress. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Goswami RK, Mehariya S, Karthikeyan OP, Verma P. Influence of Carbon Sources on Biomass and Biomolecule Accumulation in Picochlorum sp. Cultured under the Mixotrophic Condition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063674. [PMID: 35329358 PMCID: PMC8954116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulation, low biomass productivity and high cultivation costs. Here, we aimed to improve the biomass productivity of the industrially relevant Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 strain. The growth of Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 was investigated under different cultivations conditions, including photoautotrophic (with light), mixotrophic (1% glucose, with light) and heterotrophic (1% glucose, without light). Among them, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 showed the highest growth in the mixotrophic condition. Under different (1%) carbon sources’ supplementation, including glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, citric acid and methanol, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 growth was tested. Among them, sodium acetate was found to be most suitable carbon source for Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 growth, biomass (1.67 ± 0.18 g/L) and biomolecule productivity. From the different concentrations of sodium acetate (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 g/L) tested, the maximum biomass production of 2.40 ± 0.20 g/L with the biomass productivity of 95 ± 5.00 mg/L/d was measured from 7.5 g/L in sodium acetate. The highest total lipid (53.50 ± 1.70%) and total carotenoids (0.75 ± 0.01 µg/mL) contents were observed at the concentration of 7.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L of sodium acetate as a carbon source, respectively. In conclusion, the mixotrophic growth condition containing 7.5 g/L of sodium acetate showed the maximum biomass yield and biomolecule accumulation compared to other organic carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh 305817, India;
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Real Casa dell’Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy;
| | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77400, USA;
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh 305817, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-1463-238734
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23
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Coelastrella terrestris for Adonixanthin Production: Physiological Characterization and Evaluation of Secondary Carotenoid Productivity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030175. [PMID: 35323473 PMCID: PMC8954916 DOI: 10.3390/md20030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel strain of Coelastrella terrestris (Chlorophyta) was collected from red mucilage in a glacier foreland in Iceland. Its morphology showed characteristic single, ellipsoidal cells with apical wart-like wall thickenings. Physiological characterization revealed the presence of the rare keto-carotenoid adonixanthin, as well as high levels of unsaturated fatty acids of up to 85%. Initial screening experiments with different carbon sources for accelerated mixotrophic biomass growth were done. Consequently, a scale up to 1.25 L stirred photobioreactor cultivations yielded a maximum of 1.96 mg·L−1 adonixanthin in free and esterified forms. It could be shown that supplementing acetate to the medium increased the volumetric productivity after entering the nitrogen limitation phase compared to autotrophic control cultures. This study describes a promising way of biotechnological adonixanthin production using Coelastrella terrestris.
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24
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Biodegradable Solvents: A Promising Tool to Recover Proteins from Microalgae. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The world will face a significant protein demand in the next few decades, and due to the environmental concerns linked to animal protein, new sustainable protein sources must be found. In this regard, microalgae stand as an outstanding high-quality protein source. However, different steps are needed to separate the proteins from the microalgae biomass and other biocompounds. The protein recovery from the disrupted biomass is usually the bottleneck of the process, and it typically employs organic solvents or harsh conditions, which are both detrimental to protein stability and planet health. Different techniques and methods are applied for protein recovery from various matrices, such as precipitation, filtration, chromatography, electrophoresis, and solvent extraction. Those methods will be reviewed in this work, discussing their advantages, drawbacks, and applicability to the microalgae biorefinery process. Special attention will be paid to solvent extraction performed with ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which stand as promising solvents to perform efficient protein separations with reduced environmental costs compared to classical alternatives. Finally, several solvent recovery options will be analyzed to reuse the solvent employed and isolate the proteins from the solvent phase.
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Chiellini C, Serra V, Gammuto L, Ciurli A, Longo V, Gabriele M. Evaluation of Nutraceutical Properties of Eleven Microalgal Strains Isolated from Different Freshwater Aquatic Environments: Perspectives for Their Application as Nutraceuticals. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050654. [PMID: 35267283 PMCID: PMC8909373 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing global population and the simultaneous growing attention to natural, sustainable, and healthier products are driving the food industry towards research on alternative food sources. In this scenario, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention as "functional feedstocks" for foods, feeds, supplements, and nutraceutical formulations, being a source of high-value metabolites including polyphenols and other antioxidant compounds. In this work, eleven microalgal strains from freshwater environments were evaluated for their nutraceutical properties, focusing on photosynthetic pigments, total polyphenols, and flavonoid content, as well as in vitro antioxidant activities. Data helped to select those strains showing the most promising features for simultaneous massive growth and bioactive compound production. Results highlighted that the microalgae have variable values for both biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities, mainly depending on the solvents and applied treatment rather than on the isolation sources or the phylogenetic attribution. According to our results, the putative best candidates for massive cultivation under laboratory conditions for the simultaneous extraction of different molecules with nutraceutical potential are strains F1 (Scenedesmaceae), F3 (Chlamydomonas debariana), R1 (Chlorella sorokiniana), and C2 (Chlorella-like).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chiellini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Leandro Gammuto
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Adriana Ciurli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (V.L.)
| | - Morena Gabriele
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-6212752
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26
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Perković L, Djedović E, Vujović T, Baković M, Paradžik T, Čož-Rakovac R. Biotechnological Enhancement of Probiotics through Co-Cultivation with Algae: Future or a Trend? Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020142. [PMID: 35200671 PMCID: PMC8880515 DOI: 10.3390/md20020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of algal species is a rich source of many different bioactive metabolites. The compounds extracted from algal biomass have various beneficial effects on health. Recently, co-culture systems between microalgae and bacteria have emerged as an interesting solution that can reduce the high contamination risk associated with axenic cultures and, consequently, increase biomass yield and synthesis of active compounds. Probiotic microorganisms also have numerous positive effects on various aspects of health and represent potent co-culture partners. Most studies consider algae as prebiotics that serve as enhancers of probiotics performance. However, the extreme diversity of algal organisms and their ability to produce a plethora of metabolites are leading to new experimental designs in which these organisms are cultivated together to derive maximum benefit from their synergistic interactions. The future success of these studies depends on the precise experimental design of these complex systems. In the last decade, the development of high-throughput approaches has enabled a deeper understanding of global changes in response to interspecies interactions. Several studies have shown that the addition of algae, along with probiotics, can influence the microbiota, and improve gut health and overall yield in fish, shrimp, and mussels aquaculture. In the future, such findings can be further explored and implemented for use as dietary supplements for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Perković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Elvis Djedović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Tamara Vujović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Marija Baković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Tina Paradžik
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Nishshanka GKSH, Liyanaarachchi VC, Premaratne M, Nimarshana PHV, Ariyadasa TU, Kornaros M. Wastewater-based microalgal biorefineries for the production of astaxanthin and co-products: Current status, challenges and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126018. [PMID: 34571169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis are attractive biorefinery feedstocks in view of their ability to simultaneously synthesize astaxanthin and other valuable metabolites. Nonetheless, there are concerns regarding the sustainability of such biorefineries due to the high freshwater footprint of microalgae cultivation. The integration of wastewater as an alternative growth media is a promising approach to reduce freshwater demand. Wastewater-based cultivation enables the recovery of essential nutrients required for microalgae growth and consequently results in phycoremediation of wastewater, thus promoting the concept of a circular economy and further enhancing the sustainability of the process. In this review, recent developments in wastewater-integrated cultivation of H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis for astaxanthin production are discussed. Furthermore, prospective strategies for overcoming the inherent challenges of wastewater-based cultivation are reviewed. Moreover, the biorefinery potential of wastewater-grown H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis is delineated and future perspectives of wastewater-based biorefineries are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinoj Chamilka Liyanaarachchi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Malith Premaratne
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - P H V Nimarshana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini U Ariyadasa
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Lab. of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Immune Status and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity of Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata Juveniles Fed Yeast and Microalga Derived β-glucans. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120653. [PMID: 34940652 PMCID: PMC8704051 DOI: 10.3390/md19120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with β-glucans extracted from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and microalga (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) on gene expression, oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma immune parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. A practical commercial diet was used as the control (CTRL), and three others based on CTRL were further supplemented with different β-glucan extracts. One was derived from S. cerevisiae (diet MG) and two different extracts of 21% and 37% P. tricornutum-derived β-glucans (defined as Phaeo21 and Phaeo37), to give a final 0.06% β-glucan dietary concentration. Quadruplicate groups of 95 gilthead seabream (initial body weight: 4.1 ± 0.1 g) were fed to satiation three times a day for 8 weeks in a pulse-feeding regimen, with experimental diets intercalated with the CTRL dietary treatment every 2 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, all groups showed equal growth performance and no changes were found in plasma innate immune status. Nonetheless, fish groups fed β-glucans supplemented diets showed an improved anti-oxidant status compared to those fed CTRL at both sampling points (i.e., 2 and 8 weeks). The intestinal gene expression analysis highlighted the immunomodulatory role of Phaeo37 diet after 8 weeks, inducing an immune tolerance effect in gilthead seabream intestine, and a general down-regulation of immune-related gene expression. In conclusion, the results suggest that the dietary pulse administration of a P. tricornutum 37% enriched-β-glucans extract might be used as a counter-measure in a context of gut inflammation, due to its immune-tolerant and anti-oxidative effects.
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Yu BS, Sung YJ, Choi HI, Sirohi R, Sim SJ. Concurrent enhancement of CO 2 fixation and productivities of omega-3 fatty acids and astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis culture via calcium-mediated homeoviscous adaptation and biomineralization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125720. [PMID: 34365300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis has attracted interest as a bio-platform for producing omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) and astaxanthin that have a great potential as anti-inflammatory drugs. This study aimed to concurrently enhance the CO2 fixation and the productivities of ω-3 FA and astaxanthin, which have been difficult to achieve because of the dissimilar culture methods for each goal, via calcium-mediated homeoviscous adaptation and biomineralization. As a result of 3 mM of Ca2+ addition, ω-3 FA content was improved by 31% due to Ca2+-induced homeoviscous adaptation. Biomineralization was promoted by the extracellular carbonic anhydrase, which resulted in 46.3% improvement in CO2 fixation. CaCO3 from the biomineralization was beneficially re-used in the H. pluvialis culture and triggered 178- and 522-fold increased biomass productivity and astaxanthin content, respectively, thanks to its anisotropic nature. The Ca2+-based productivity enhancement strategy was applied to large-scale culture which resulted improvement in overall bioprocess performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hong Il Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Assuaging Microalgal Harvesting Woes via Attached Growth: A Critical Review to Produce Sustainable Microalgal Feedstock. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Third-generation biofuels that are derived from microalgal biomass have gained momentum as a way forward in the sustainable production of biodiesel. Such efforts are propelled by the intention to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy. Accordingly, growing microalgal biomass in the form of suspended cultivation has been a conventional technique for the past few decades. To overcome the inevitable harvesting shortcomings arising from the excessive energy and time needed to separate the planktonic microalgal cells from water medium, researchers have started to explore attached microalgal cultivation systems. This cultivation mode permits the ease of harvesting mature microalgal biomass, circumventing the need to employ complex harvesting techniques to single out the cells, and is economically attractive. However, the main bottleneck associated with attached microalgal growth is low biomass production due to the difficulties the microalgal cells have in forming attachment and populating thereafter. In this regard, the current review encompasses the novel techniques adopted to promote attached microalgal growth. The physicochemical effects such as the pH of the culture medium, hydrophobicity, as well as the substratum surface properties and abiotic factors that can determine the fate of exponential growth of attached microalgal cells, are critically reviewed. This review aims to unveil the benefits of an attached microalgal cultivation system as a promising harvesting technique to produce sustainable biodiesel for lasting applications.
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Cauchie G, Delfau-Bonnet G, Caulier G, Hantson AL, Renault JH, Gerbaux P. Comprehensive lipid profiling of Microchloropsis gaditana by liquid chromatography - (tandem) mass spectrometry: Bead milling and extraction solvent effects. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Almeida LMR, Cruz LFDS, Machado BAS, Nunes IL, Costa JAV, Ferreira EDS, Lemos PVF, Druzian JI, Souza COD. Effect of the addition of Spirulina sp. biomass on the development and characterization of functional food. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Esquivel-Hernández DA, Pennacchio A, Torres-Acosta MA, Parra-Saldívar R, de Souza Vandenberghe LP, Faraco V. Multi-product biorefinery from Arthrospira platensis biomass as feedstock for bioethanol and lactic acid production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19309. [PMID: 34588465 PMCID: PMC8481326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim to reach the maximum recovery of bulk and specialty bioproducts while minimizing waste generation, a multi-product biorefinery for ethanol and lactic acid production from the biomass of cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was investigated. Therefore, the residual biomass resulting from different pretreatments consisting of supercritical fluid extraction (SF) and microwave assisted extraction with non-polar (MN) and polar solvents (MP), previously applied on A. platensis to extract bioactive metabolites, was further valorized. In particular, it was used as a substrate for fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae LPB-287 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 to produce bioethanol (BE) and lactic acid (LA), respectively. The maximum concentrations achieved were 3.02 ± 0.07 g/L of BE by the MN process at 120 rpm 30 °C, and 9.67 ± 0.05 g/L of LA by the SF process at 120 rpm 37 °C. An economic analysis of BE and LA production was carried out to elucidate the impact of fermentation scale, fermenter costs, production titer, fermentation time and cyanobacterial biomass production cost. The results indicated that the critical variables are fermenter scale, equipment cost, and product titer; time process was analyzed but was not critical. As scale increased, costs tended to stabilize, but also more product was generated, which causes production costs per unit of product to sharply decrease. The median value of production cost was US$ 1.27 and US$ 0.39, for BE and LA, respectively, supporting the concept of cyanobacterium biomass being used for fermentation and subsequent extraction to obtain ethanol and lactic acid as end products from A. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Esquivel-Hernández
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Present Address: Departamento de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Present Address: Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anna Pennacchio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario A. Torres-Acosta
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advance Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XDepartment of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Curitiba, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Koçer AT, İnan B, Kaptan Usul S, Özçimen D, Yılmaz MT, Işıldak İ. Exopolysaccharides from microalgae: production, characterization, optimization and techno-economic assessment. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1779-1790. [PMID: 34510399 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation for exopolysaccharide production has getting more attention as a result of their high hydrocarbon biosynthesis skill. The aim of this study is to examine the exopolysaccharide production potential of different species of microalgae. In this context, exopolysaccharides were produced from Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella sorokiniana and Botryococcus braunii microalgae and the effects of carbon and nitrogen content in the growth medium and illumination time on exopolysaccharide production were analyzed statistically using Box-Behnken experimental design. In addition, techno-economic assessment of exopolysaccharide production were also performed by using the most productive microalgae and optimum conditions determined in this study. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that C. minutissima, C. sorokiniana and B. braunii produced 0.245 ± 0.0025 g/L, 0.163 ± 0.0016 g/L and 0.117 ± 0.0007 g/L exopolysaccharide, respectively. Statistically, it was observed that there was an inverse relationship between the exopolysaccharide production and investigated parameters such as illumination period and carbon and nitrogen amounts of culture mediums. The techno-economic assessment comprising microalgal exopolysaccharide (EPS) bioprocess was carried out, and it showed that the system can be considered economically viable, yet can be improved with biorefinery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl Tevfik Koçer
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benan İnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sedef Kaptan Usul
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Didem Özçimen
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - İbrahim Işıldak
- Department of Bioengineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Amorim ML, Soares J, Vieira BB, Leite MDO, Rocha DN, Aleixo PE, Falconí JHH, Xavier Júnior MDL, Albino LFT, Martins MA. Pilot-scale biorefining of Scenedesmus obliquus for the production of lipids and proteins. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vieira BB, Soares J, Amorim ML, Bittencourt PVQ, de Cássia Superbi R, de Oliveira EB, dos Reis Coimbra JS, Martins MA. Optimized extraction of neutral carbohydrates, crude lipids and photosynthetic pigments from the wet biomass of the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus BR003. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Hao X, Tan J, Wang W, Yu M, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Preparation of the Enzymatic Hydrolysates from Chlorella vulgaris Protein and Assessment of Their Antioxidant Potential Using Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:1040-1048. [PMID: 34213689 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the antioxidant potential of Chlorella vulgaris protein-derived enzymatic hydrolysate using Caenorhabditis elegans. Protein extraction was performed using an alkali solution after complete C. vulgaris swelling and hydrolysis using four commercial proteases (alcalase, neutrase, protamex, and flavourzyme). The results showed that the flavourzyme hydrolysates exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. Under the optimum conditions of the enzymatic hydrolysis, the half-maximal effective concentration of the hydrolysates for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was 0.323 mg/mL and 0.139 mg/mL, respectively. The hydrolysates could significantly extend the lifespan, improve the resistance to methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress, reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species, and enhance the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Pulido-Rodriguez LF, Cardinaletti G, Secci G, Randazzo B, Bruni L, Cerri R, Olivotto I, Tibaldi E, Parisi G. Appetite Regulation, Growth Performances and Fish Quality Are Modulated by Alternative Dietary Protein Ingredients in Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) Culture. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071919. [PMID: 34203438 PMCID: PMC8300235 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In a world dramatically harassed by climate changes and overexploitation of resources, the aquaculture expansion poses several challenges. Among the others, aquafeed formulations need to be rethought in a circular economy vision, avoiding food-feed competition, and possibly valorizing one or more ingredients for their functionality. In this context, the present trial showed that Hermetia illucens prepupae, poultry-by products, and red swamp crayfish meals can effectively replace a substantial proportion of vegetable proteins in the diet for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) without impairing fish growth and fillet quality. On the contrary, a blend of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica negatively impacted fish growth and further studies are thus necessary to better valorize their natural content in pigments in fish farming. Abstract By answering the need for increasing sustainability in aquaculture, the present study aimed to compare growth, gene expression involved in appetite regulation, physical characteristics, and chemical composition of Sparus aurata fed alternative protein sources. Fish were fed ten iso-proteic, iso-lipidic, and isoenergetic diets: a vegetable-based (CV) and a marine ingredient-rich (CF) diet were set as control diets. The others were prepared by replacing graded levels (10, 20 or 40%) of the vegetable proteins in the CV with proteins from a commercial defatted Hermetia illucens pupae meal (H), poultry by-product meal (PBM) singly (H10, H20, H40, P20, P40) or in combination (H10P30), red swamp crayfish meal (RC10) and from a blend (2:1, w:w) of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica (MA10) dried biomasses. The increase in ghre gene expression observed in MA10 fed fish matched with increased feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio. Besides, the MA10 diet conferred a lighter aspect to the fish skin (p < 0.05) than the others. Overall, no detrimental effects of H, PBM, and RC meal included in the diets were observed, and fish fatty acid profile resulted as comparable among these groups and CV, thus demonstrating the possibility to introduce H, PBM, and RC in partial replacement of vegetable proteins in the diet for Sparus aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fernanda Pulido-Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (G.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (R.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (G.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (I.O.)
| | - Leonardo Bruni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (G.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Roberto Cerri
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (R.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (I.O.)
| | - Emilio Tibaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (R.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (L.F.P.-R.); (G.S.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several microalgal species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities and therefore are characterized as oleaginous. In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients. Different lipid classes are great moisturizing, emollient, and softening agents, work as surfactants and emulsifiers, give consistence to products, are color and fragrance carriers, act as preservatives to maintain products integrity, and can be part of the molecules delivery system. In the past, chemicals have been widely used but today’s market and customers’ demands are oriented towards natural products. Microalgae are an extraordinary source of lipids and other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention to microalgae cultivation for their industrial application is increasing. For the high costs associated, commercialization of microalgae and their products is still not very widespread. The possibility to use biomass for various industrial purposes could make microalgae more economically competitive.
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Sandgruber F, Gielsdorf A, Baur AC, Schenz B, Müller SM, Schwerdtle T, Stangl GI, Griehl C, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C. Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Commercially Available Microalgae Powders. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060310. [PMID: 34071995 PMCID: PMC8228358 DOI: 10.3390/md19060310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient composition of 15 commercially available microalgae powders of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was analyzed. The Dunaliella salina powders were characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6-PUFAs), heavy metals, and α-tocopherol, whereas the protein amounts, essential amino acids (EAAs), omega-3-PUFAs (n3-PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals were low. In the powder of Haematococcus pluvialis, ten times higher amounts of carotenoids compared to all other analyzed powders were determined, yet it was low in vitamins D and E, protein, and EAAs, and the n6/n3-PUFAs ratio was comparably high. Vitamin B12, quantified as cobalamin, was below 0.02 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) in all studied powders. Based on our analysis, microalgae such as Aphanizomenon and Chlorella may contribute to an adequate intake of critical nutrients such as protein with a high content of EAAs, dietary fibers, n3-PUFAs, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, as well as vitamin D and E. Yet, the nutritional value of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was slightly decreased by high contents of SFAs. The present data show that microalgae are rich in valuable nutrients, but the macro- and micronutrient profiles differ strongly between and within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sandgruber
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Annekathrin Gielsdorf
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Science, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany; (A.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Anja C. Baur
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Schenz
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sandra Marie Müller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Carola Griehl
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Science, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany; (A.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(3641)-9-49656
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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of CvLCYE, a key enzyme in lutein synthesis pathway in Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Microbial Resources, Fermentation and Reduction of Negative Externalities in Food Systems: Patterns toward Sustainability and Resilience. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the main targets of sustainable development is the reduction of environmental, social, and economic negative externalities associated with the production of foods and beverages. Those externalities occur at different stages of food chains, from the farm to the fork, with deleterious impacts to different extents. Increasing evidence testifies to the potential of microbial-based solutions and fermentative processes as mitigating strategies to reduce negative externalities in food systems. In several cases, innovative solutions might find in situ applications from the farm to the fork, including advances in food matrices by means of tailored fermentative processes. This viewpoint recalls the attention on microbial biotechnologies as a field of bioeconomy and of ‘green’ innovations to improve sustainability and resilience of agri-food systems alleviating environmental, economic, and social undesired externalities. We argue that food scientists could systematically consider the potential of microbes as ‘mitigating agents’ in all research and development activities dealing with fermentation and microbial-based biotechnologies in the agri-food sector. This aims to conciliate process and product innovations with a development respectful of future generations’ needs and with the aptitude of the systems to overcome global challenges.
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Performance of Single and Two-Stage Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration Membrane in Fractionation of Peptide from Microalgae Protein Hydrolysate (Nannochloropsis gaditana). Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with two different configurations; single (10 kDa and 5 kDa) and two-stage (10/5 kDa) in fractionating microalgae protein hydrolysate (MPH) were studied to obtain a low molecular weight of peptide. The effect of flow rate, trans-membrane pressure (TMP), and pH in fractionating MPH were evaluated based on permeate flux and peptide transmission. The results showed that, for single UF membrane, optimum operating parameters were at a flow rate of 23 mL/min, TMP of 1.5 bar, and pH of 9, with permeate flux of 43.65 L/m2 h (10 kDa) and 55.42 L/m2 h (5 kDa) and peptide transmission of 58.20% (10 kDa) and 67.34% (5 kDa). Meanwhile, for two-stage (10/5 kDa) UF membrane, the best parameters were observed at a flow rate of 23 mL/min, TMP of 1.5 bar, and pH of 2, with permeate flux of 69.85 L/m2 h and peptide transmission of 79.13%. Fractionation of MPH with two-stage UF membrane was observed to be better at producing a low molecular weight of peptide compared to single UF membrane. In conclusion, it was possible to produce permeate flux with a high amount of low molecular weight of peptide by controlling the operating parameters with the suitable configuration membrane.
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Illumination Policies for Stichococcus sp. Cultures in an Optimally Operating Lab-Scale PBR toward the Directed Photosynthetic Production of Desired Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The light spectrum effect on the cultivation efficiency of the microalgae strain Stichococcus sp. is explored, as a means of potentially intensifying the biomass productivity and regulating the cellular composition. Stichococcus sp. batch culture experiments, within a 3 L bench-top photobioreactor (PBR), are designed and implemented under different light spectrum profiles (i.e., cool white light (WL), cool white combined with red light (WRL), and cool white combined with blue light, (WBL)). The obtained results indicate that the studied strain is capable of adapting its metabolite profile to the light field to which it is exposed. The highest biomass concentration (3.5 g/L), combined with intense carbohydrate accumulation activity, resulting in a respective final concentration of 1.15 g/L was achieved within 17 days using exclusively cool white light of increasing intensity. The addition of blue light emitting diodes (LED) light, combined with appropriately selected culture conditions, contributed significantly to the massive synthesis and accumulation of lipids, resulting in a concentration of 1.43 g/L and a respective content of 46.13% w/w, with a distinct impact on biomass, carbohydrates and proteins productivity. Finally, a beneficial contribution of red LED light to the protein synthesis is recognized and this can be conditionally amplified provided nitrogen sufficiency in the culture medium.
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Doppler P, Kornpointner C, Halbwirth H, Remias D, Spadiut O. Tetraedron minimum, First Reported Member of Hydrodictyaceae to Accumulate Secondary Carotenoids. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:107. [PMID: 33573287 PMCID: PMC7911234 DOI: 10.3390/life11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated a novel strain of the microalga Tetraedron minimum in Iceland from a terrestrial habitat. During long-term cultivation, a dish culture turned orange, indicating the presence of secondary pigments. Thus, we characterized T. minimum for growth and possible carotenoid production in different inorganic media. In a lab-scale photobioreactor, we confirmed that nitrogen starvation in combination with salt stress triggered a secondary carotenoid accumulation. The development of the pigment composition and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed throughout the cultivations. The final secondary carotenoid composition was, on average, 61.1% astaxanthin and 38.9% adonixanthin. Moreover, the cells accumulated approx. 83.1% unsaturated fatty acids. This work presents the first report of the formation of secondary carotenoids within the family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Doppler
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph Kornpointner
- Research Division Phytochemistry and Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (C.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Research Division Phytochemistry and Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (C.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
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Ma K, Bao Q, Wu Y, Chen S, Zhao S, Wu H, Fan J. Evaluation of Microalgae as Immunostimulants and Recombinant Vaccines for Diseases Prevention and Control in Aquaculture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:590431. [PMID: 33304890 PMCID: PMC7701134 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are often used as nutritional supplements for aquatic animals and are widely used in the aquaculture industry, providing direct or indirect nutrients for many aquatic animals. Microalgae are abundant in nature, of high nutritional value, and some of them are non-toxic and rich in antioxidants so that they can be explored as a medicinal carrier for human or animals. Natural wild-type microalgae can be adopted as an immunostimulant to enhance non-specific immune response and improve growth performance, among which Haematococcus pluvialis, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, and Chlorella spp. are commonly used. At present, there have been some successful cases of using microalgae to develop oral vaccines in the aquaculture industry. Researchers usually develop recombinant vaccines based on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella salina, and cyanobacteria. Among them, in the genetic modification of eukaryotic microalgae, many examples are expressing antigen genes in chloroplasts. They are all used for the prevention and control of single infectious diseases and most of them are resistant to shrimp virus infection. However, there is still no effective strategy targeting polymicrobial infections and few commercial vaccines are available. Although several species of microalgae are widely developed in the aquaculture industry, many of them have not yet established an effective and mature genetic manipulation system. This article systematically analyzes and discusses the above problems to provide ideas for the future development of highly effective microalgae recombinant oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Cho H, Mushtaq A, Hwang T, Kim HS, Han JI. Orifice-based membrane fouling inhibition employing in-situ turbulence for efficient microalgae harvesting. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Parisi G, Tulli F, Fortina R, Marino R, Bani P, Dalle Zotte A, De Angelis A, Piccolo G, Pinotti L, Schiavone A, Terova G, Prandini A, Gasco L, Roncarati A, Danieli PP. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1827993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Tulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fortina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell’Ambiente, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Anna De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Danieli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
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Canelli G, Tarnutzer C, Carpine R, Neutsch L, Bolten CJ, Dionisi F, Mathys A. Biochemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Chlorella and Auxenochlorella Biomasses Relevant for Food Application. Front Nutr 2020; 7:565996. [PMID: 33117841 PMCID: PMC7557355 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.565996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a source of potentially healthy and sustainable nutrients. However, the bioaccessibility of these nutrients remains uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the biomass composition of five commercial Chlorella and Auxenochlorella strains, and Chlorella vulgaris heterotrophically cultivated in our laboratory. Protein accounted for 65 ± 3% (w w-1) dry matter (DM) in all biomasses, except for the lab-grown C. vulgaris that contained 20% (w w-1) DM protein. The fatty acids content was comparable and ranged between 7 and 10% (w w-1) DM. Most of the biomasses had a ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)/ω3-PUFAs ratio <4, as recommended by nutritional experts. A recently published harmonized protocol for in vitro digestion was used to evaluate fatty acids and protein bioaccessibilities. Protein bioaccessibility ranged between 60 and 74% for commercial Chlorella and Auxenochlorella biomasses and was 43% for the lab-grown C. vulgaris. Fatty acids bioaccessibility was <7% in commercial biomasses and 19% in the lab-grown C. vulgaris. Taken together, the results show that microalgae are promising sources of bioaccessible protein. The limited fatty acids bioaccessibility indicates the need for alternative upstream and downstream production strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Canelli
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Tarnutzer
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Carpine
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Neutsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mularczyk M, Michalak I, Marycz K. Astaxanthin and other Nutrients from Haematococcus pluvialis-Multifunctional Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E459. [PMID: 32906619 PMCID: PMC7551667 DOI: 10.3390/md18090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds of natural origin are gaining increasing popularity. High biological activity and bioavailability, beneficial effects on health and safety of use are some of their most desirable features. Low production and processing costs render them even more attractive. Microorganisms have been used in the food, medicinal, cosmetic and energy industries for years. Among them, microalgae have proved to be an invaluable source of beneficial compounds. Haematococcus pluvialis is known as the richest source of natural carotenoid called astaxanthin. In this paper, we focus on the cultivation methods of this green microalga, its chemical composition, extraction of astaxanthin and analysis of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. H. pluvialis, as well as astaxanthin can be used not only for the treatment of human and animal diseases, but also as a valuable component of diet and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
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