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Vig N, Mor S, Ravindra K. The multiple value characteristics of fly ash from Indian coal thermal power plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:33. [PMID: 36287250 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coal-powered thermal plants are the primary source of energy production around the globe. More than half (56.89%) of the Indian power plants use coal for power production. Coal burning in power plants results in coal combustion residuals, which contain coal fly ash (CFA) that is recognized as principle by-product. CFA is difficult to characterize due to its broad compositional variation. Hence, the present article summarizes the various physical, chemical, mineralogical, and petrological characterizations of CFA to its use in different applications. Indian coal thermal power plants are found to release two types of CFA: F (fine) and C (coarse). CFA particles are identified as unburned carbon particles with a large fraction of silica oxides, alumina oxides, and iron oxides with a small fraction of calcium oxide (CaO). Morphologically, CFA particles are spherical, with large carbon molecules and a smooth texture surface. In terms of mineralogy; quartz, mullite, magnetite, and hematite are the dominant mineral phases of CFA and tend to be non-plastic, with permeability levels ranging from 8 × 10-6 to 1.87 × 10-4 cms-1. Petrographically, CFA is enriched in inertinite and liptinites as well as collotelinite, collodetrinite, and vitrodetrinite particles. Moreover, CFA is found to be composed of various organic and inorganic particles. By virtue of multiple characterizations, it has been utilized in several applications for decades, which is still quite limited. Therefore, current study aim to provide helpful insights into the potential use of CFA-derived products in different ways to increase sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitasha Vig
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Jain S, Tembhurkar AR. Sustainable amelioration of fly ash dumps linking bio-energy plantation, bioremediation and amendments: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115124. [PMID: 35477138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of fly ash in dumps is posing serious environmental problem causing air pollution, groundwater contamination, and loss of valuable land making it unproductive dumpsites. Cultivation of plants using bioremediation technique is looked upon as one of the sustainable remedial solution to these fly ash dumpsites. In recent years, researches on the plantation of bio-energy crops over the fly ash dumpsites is creating renewed interest, as it serves remediation along with distinct energy outcomes creating a win-win situation. The issue of the slow growth of plants, due to lack of nutrients and microbial activities is being resolved through advances in bioremediation research done in conjunction with organic matter, microbial inoculants, and inclusion of wastewater. New researches are being done with different plants and microbes in the matrix combination and use wastewater to supplement nutrients requirement to find eco-friendly & sustainable solutions. The present paper critically reviews the research on bioremediation and amendments with specific to bio-energy plantation on fly ash dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Jain
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
| | - Ajay R Tembhurkar
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
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Belghit A, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, Bouhelassa M, Al-Zahrani S. The multiple role of inorganic and organic additives in the degradation of reactive green 12 by UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:835-847. [PMID: 32762301 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1807609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of various mineral anions, diverse organic substrates and different environmental matrices on the removal of C.I. reactive green 12 (RG12), a refractory textile dye, by UV/chlorine emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP) was performed. The co-exposure of RG12 (20 mg L-1) to UV and chlorine (0.5 mM) at pH 5 produced a strong synergism on the degradation rate. Radical probe technique showed that ●OH and Cl2●- were the main source of the synergistic effect. Bromide, bicarbonate and chloride at small dosage, i.e. 1 mM, enhanced the rate of RG12 degradation, but higher concentrations of these anions quenched the degradation process. Sulphate anions did not alter the degradation rate of the dye, but nitrite quenched it at ∼ 90%. The inhibiting effect of nitrate appeared only at advanced reaction time (>1 min).On the other hand, natural organic matter (NOM) reduced effectively the degradation rate. Besides, SDS surfactant at only 1 µM accelerated the degradation efficiency by ∼12%. However, Tween 80 has shown an insignificant effect, whereas reductions of 10% and 30% were recorded by Triton X100 and Tween 20, respectively. The RG12-degradation rate was not affected in the mineral water, but it was drastically improved in seawater. Conversely, a huge drop in the RG12-degradation efficiency was obtained in the wastewater effluent. UV/chlorine process is highly viable for degrading pollutant in matrices free of NOM. However, the process losses its potential application in matrices riche of NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouattef Belghit
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Slimane Merouani
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bouhelassa
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Saeed Al-Zahrani
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang N, Sun X, Zhao Q, Yang Y, Wang P. Leachability and adverse effects of coal fly ash: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122725. [PMID: 32353729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA) is a valuable industrial solid waste, but conventional methods used for its disposal can lead to serious and long-lasting environmental issues. The study of technologies for CFA recycling has been of major concern, while the harm caused by CFA is only partially understood, limiting its reuse. In this review, the basic physico-chemical properties of CFA are introduced, followed by a systematic summary and discussion of the leachability of CFA via different leaching methods and the chemical speciation of some typical metal elements in CFA, which is related to its harmful effects. The specific harm that CFA causes to humans, wild animals, and plants and the study status of magnetic property of CFA are presented. Because of the pervasive concerns of many people, the utilisation of CFA in the USA and Europe and an economic and environmental analysis of its disposal is provided and discussed. Finally, some possible directions for future research involving CFA are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China.
| | - Xiyu Sun
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Beijing BHT Environment Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Chuparina EV, Chubarov VM, Paradina LP. A comparative determination of major components in coal power plant wastes by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence using pellet and fused bead specimens. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:162-167. [PMID: 31306880 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3 and S contents were determined in coal power plant waste by X-ray fluorescence using two sample preparation procedures. The differences between XRF results for fused beads and pressed pellets are from 2 to 33%. Grinding of samples to particle size less than 0.050 mm reduces the errors. Pressed pellets method is acceptable for classifying of the waste before recycling; fusion bead method is preferable for highly precise determinations of oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Chuparina
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis, Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1A Favorsky St, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Victor M Chubarov
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis, Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1A Favorsky St, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Ph Paradina
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry, Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
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Composition and Morphology Characteristics of Magnetic Fractions of Coal Fly Ash Wastes Processed in High-Temperature Exposure in Thermal Power Plants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coal-fired power stations are one of the primary sources of power generation in the world. This will produce considerable amounts of fly ash from these power stations each year. To highlight the potential environmental hazards of these materials, this study is carried out to evaluate the characterization of fly ashes produced in thermal power plants in northern Vietnam. Fly ash was firstly fractionated according to size, and the fractions were characterized. Then, each of these fractions was analyzed with regard to their mineralogical features, morphological and physicochemical properties. The analytical results indicate a striking difference in terms of the characteristics of particles. It was found that magnetic fractions are composed of magnetite hematite and, to a lower rate, mullite, and quartz. Chemical analyses indicate that the non-magnetic components mainly consist of quartz and mullite as their primary mineral phases. As the main conclusion of this research, it is found that the magnetic and non-magnetic components differ in terms of shape, carbon content and mineralogical composition. In addition, it was found that magnetic components can be characterized as more spheroidal components compared to non-magnetic ones. This comprehensive characterization not only offers a certain guideline regarding the uses of different ash fractions but it will also provide valuable information on this common combustion process.
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Effects of Wood Ash on Nutrients and Heavy Metal(oid)s Mobility in an Ultisol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071246. [PMID: 30965589 PMCID: PMC6479958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wood ash produced through cellulose manufacturing has agricultural uses due to its neutralizing power, like that of commercial products, in addition to providing key soil nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, and P. However, this industrial waste can possess heavy metal(oid)s that bioaccumulate in the food chain. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wood ash (WA) on the physicochemical properties of an Ultisol, the mobility of heavy metal(oid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in the soil-plant-water system, and the nutritional response (N, P, and K) of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The experiment was conducted in pots, under greenhouse conditions, using a completely randomized design. Ryegrass was grown in pots containing mixtures of WA plus soil at 7.5, 15, 30, and 75 g kg−1, commercial lime plus soil at 1.5 g kg−1, and unamended soil as a control. Heavy metal(oid)s were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All WA doses favored an increase in pH and the availability of P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, and Zn in soil and N, P, and K absorption in ryegrass. WA favored the availability and later absorption of heavy metal(oid)s by ryegrass (staying mainly in the roots). Heavy metal(oid)s mobility in the soil-plant-water system was as follows: Cr > Pb > Ni > As.
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