1
|
Chisholm LJ, Hale RL, Knight SL. Community Resilience After Hurricanes: Can Neuman's Systems Theory Guide Public Health Nursing? Res Theory Nurs Pract 2023; 37:84-100. [PMID: 36792315 DOI: 10.1891/rtnp-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examination of community resilience after Hurricane Harvey and -applicability of Neuman's systems model to the role of public health nurses in applying primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies to communities susceptible to natural disasters. Design: Descriptive, exploratory study. Sample: A convenience sample (N = 1,470). Measurements: Hurricane Harvey Survey. Results: Respondents from seven counties in southeast Texas report previously experiencing a hurricane (80%) with no weather-related flooding (79%), adequate preparation (54%), failure to comprehend the potential severity of Hurricane Harvey (62%), damage to their homes (45%), and a 68% loss of personal belongings. Anxiety, frustration, disbelief, determination, and hopefulness were rated highest after the storm. Residents received updates from family and friends, social media, and online news reports regarding rising water, even though, in many cases, a mandatory evacuation was not officially announced. Only 35% of respondents reported being aware of resources available, possibly due to flooding or inaccessibility of typical resources (e.g., hospitals, shelters). Communicating through social networks (social media, family, and friends) provided avenues for arranging evacuations and assistance. Respondents report giving assistance to others and receiving assistance from family, friends, and their faith community. The majority of respondents reported that the community provided adequate services during the hurricane (59%), and they plan to stay in southeast Texas (70%). Conclusions: Southeast Texas residents demonstrated individual and community resilience which may be further supported with primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing interventions as illustrated by Neuman's systems model. The rise in positive emotional response traits demonstrates positive coping, which is consistent with resilience. Effective and timely communication through social networks provides an additional line of resistance to protect and promote the resilience of the community. The lack of medical resources indicates a break in the normal line of defense and an area for potential improvement with the utilization of mobile medical units to provide healthcare for areas not easily accessible during a disaster. Public health nurses are strategically positioned in the international community to lead prevention and recovery efforts by applying theory-based community interventions.
Collapse
|
2
|
Belita E, Neil-Sztramko SE, Miller A, Anderson LN, Apatu E, Bellefleur O, Kapiriri L, Read K, Sherifali D, Tarride JÉ, Dobbins M. A scoping review of strategies to support public health recovery in the transition to a "new normal" in the age of COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1244. [PMID: 35739496 PMCID: PMC9219400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health workforce has experienced re-deployment from core functions such as health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection, to preventing and tracking the spread of COVID-19. With continued pandemic deployment coupled with the exacerbation of existing health disparities due to the pandemic, public health systems need to re-start the delivery of core public health programming alongside COVID-19 activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify strategies that support the re-integration of core public health programming alongside ongoing pandemic or emergency response. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used to guide this study. A comprehensive search was conducted using: a) online databases, b) grey literature, c) content experts to identify additional references, and d) searching reference lists of pertinent studies. All references were screened by two team members. References were included that met the following criteria: a) involved public health organizations (local, regional, national, and international); b) provided descriptions of strategies to support adaptation or delivery of routine public health measures alongside disaster response; and c) quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive designs. No restrictions were placed on language, publication status, publication date, or outcomes. Data on study characteristics, intervention/strategy, and key findings were independently extracted by two team members. Emergent themes were established through independent inductive analysis by two team members. Results Of 44,087 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review. Study designs of included studies varied: descriptive (n = 8); qualitative (n = 4); mixed-methods (n = 2); cross-sectional (n = 1); case report (n = 1); single-group pretest/post-test design (n = 1). Included studies were from North America (n = 10), Africa (n = 4), and Asia (n = 3) and addressed various public health disasters including natural disasters (n = 9), infectious disease epidemics (n = 5), armed conflict (n = 2) and hazardous material disasters (n = 1). Five emergent themes were identified on strategies to support the re-integration of core public health services: a) community engagement, b) community assessment, c) collaborative partnerships and coordination, d) workforce capacity development and allocation, and e) funding/resource enhancement. Conclusion Emergent themes from this study can be used by public health organizations as a beginning understanding of strategies that can support the re-introduction of essential public health services and programs in COVID-19 recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, HSC 2J22, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Neil-Sztramko
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Alanna Miller
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Emma Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olivier Bellefleur
- Centre de collaboration nationale sur les politiques publiques et la santé (CCNPPS), National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP) , 190, boulevard Crémazie Est, Montréal, Québec, H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Lydia Kapiriri
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. KTH 236, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Kristin Read
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jean-Éric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools , 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Dynamics of Cross-Sector Collaboration in Centralized Disaster Governance: A Network Study of Interorganizational Collaborations during the MERS Epidemic in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010018. [PMID: 35010280 PMCID: PMC8750568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The debate continues as to which governance structure is most appropriate for collaborative disaster response, particularly between centralization and decentralization. This article aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the structural characteristics of a multisectoral network that emerged and evolved under strong state control during the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS) in South Korea. This study particularly focuses on the evolution of intra- and inter-sectoral collaboration ties in the network. The data for the study were collected through a content analysis of government documents and news articles. Using social network analysis, the authors found that the network evolved into a centralized structure around a small number of governmental organizations at the central level, organizing the ties between participating organizations rather hierarchically. The network displayed a preponderance of internal ties both among health and non-health organizations and among public and nonpublic health organizations, but under different influences of structural characteristics. This tendency was intensified during the peak period. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that the centralization of disaster management may not or only marginally be conducive to cross-sector collaboration during public health disasters, calling for a careful design of governance structures for disaster response.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kennedy M, Gonick SA, Errett NA. Are We Ready to Build Back "Healthier?" An Exploratory Analysis of U.S. State-Level Disaster Recovery Plans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8003. [PMID: 34360292 PMCID: PMC8345761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As communities recover from disasters, it is crucial to understand the extent to which states are prepared to support the recovery of health systems and services. This need has been emphasized by the United States' experience with COVID-19. This study sought to assess public health activities in state disaster recovery implementation plans. In this exploratory, descriptive study, state-wide disaster recovery implementation plans were collected from emergency management agency websites and verified (n = 33). We reviewed and coded the recovery plans to identify health-related activities. While 70% and 64% of reviewed plans included activities to address short-term healthcare and behavioral health needs, respectively, one-third or less of the plans included activities to address long-term healthcare and behavioral health needs. Further, plans have limited descriptions of health-related data collection, analysis, or data-driven processes. Additional evidence-informed public health requirements and activities are needed in disaster recovery implementation plans. State disaster recovery plans would benefit from additional description of public health roles, responsibilities, and activities, as well as additional plans for collecting and analyzing public health data to drive recovery decision making and activities. Plans should include approaches for ongoing evaluation of recovery activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole A. Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (M.K.); (S.A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
GREENBERG STEPHENB. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS: PUTTING "CLIMATE" BACK INTO THE "CLIMATOLOGICAL". TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2020; 131:1-24. [PMID: 32675838 PMCID: PMC7358470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- STEPHEN B. GREENBERG
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Stephen B. Greenberg, MD, MACP, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burwell-Naney K, Wilson SM, Whitlock ST, Puett R. Hybrid Resiliency-Stressor Conceptual Framework for Informing Decision Support Tools and Addressing Environmental Injustice and Health Inequities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1466. [PMID: 31027209 PMCID: PMC6518295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While structural factors may drive health inequities, certain health-promoting attributes of one's "place" known as salutogens may further moderate the cumulative impacts of exposures to socio-environmental stressors that behave as pathogens. Understanding the synergistic relationship between socio-environmental stressors and resilience factors is a critical component in reducing health inequities; however, the catalyst for this concept relies on community-engaged research approaches to ultimately strengthen resiliency and promote health. Furthermore, this concept has not been fully integrated into environmental justice and cumulative risk assessment screening tools designed to identify geospatial variability in environmental factors that may be associated with health inequities. As a result, we propose a hybrid resiliency-stressor conceptual framework to inform the development of environmental justice and cumulative risk assessment screening tools that can detect environmental inequities and opportunities for resilience in vulnerable populations. We explore the relationship between actual exposures to socio-environmental stressors, perceptions of stressors, and one's physiological and psychological stress response to environmental stimuli, which collectively may perpetuate health inequities by increasing allostatic load and initiating disease onset. This comprehensive framework expands the scope of existing screening tools to inform action-based solutions that rely on community-engaged research efforts to increase resiliency and promote positive health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Burwell-Naney
- Center for Outreach in Alzheimer's, Aging and Community Health, North Carolina A&T State University, 2105 Yanceyville Street, Greensboro, NC 27405, USA.
| | - Sacoby M Wilson
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Heath, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Siobhan T Whitlock
- Office of Environmental Justice and Sustainability, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 61 Forsyth Street SW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Robin Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Heath, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|