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Jakše B, Gilić B, Đurović M, Šajber D. The Effects of an Eight-Week Swimming Program on Body Composition and Assessment of Dietary Intake in Post-COVID-19 Patients. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:3037784. [PMID: 38571925 PMCID: PMC10990646 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3037784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection and its consequences (long-term COVID-19 syndrome) have implications for weight loss, body composition, and diet quality. In the context of the "PostCovSwim" project, which is part of a broader international study, the impact of an eight-week swimming program on post-COVID-19 patients' nutritional status (i.e., body composition and dietary intake) was evaluated. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by medically approved and calibrated bioelectrical impedance (Tanita 780 S MA) and food frequency questionnaires. At the baseline, most participants were classified as overweight based on their body mass index (BMI). However, their body fat percentage (BF%) classification indicated normal weight, although females were near obesity thresholds. Furthermore, at the baseline, according to the BMI classification, 62% of females and 61% of males were female, whereas according to the BF% for obesity classification, 44% of females and 43% of males were considered overweight or obese. Surprisingly, despite the eight-week program, there were no significant changes in body composition. Additionally, the assessment of dietary intake, which remained consistent throughout the study, revealed dietary imbalances characterized by an unhealthy low-carbohydrate, high-fat dietary pattern. This dietary pattern entailed excessive consumption of ultraprocessed foods; reduced carbohydrate intake (39% E vs. 37% E); increased total fat intake (46% E vs. 47% E); increased saturated fatty acids (14% E vs. 13% E); increased cholesterol (412 mg/d vs. 425 mg/d); increased free sugars (7% E vs. 7% E); and inadequate intake of fibre (24 g/d vs. 20 g/d), polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.6% E vs. 7.7% E), vitamin B12 (in females: 3.1 µg/d), vitamin C (86 mg/d vs. 66 mg/d), vitamin D (2 µg/d vs. 3.2 µg/d), folate (in males: 258 µg/d), calcium (777 mg/d vs. 743 mg/d), and selenium (in males: 66 µg/d). After an eight-week swimming program following COVID-19, no significant changes were observed in the subjects' body composition. Their dietary intake was found to not align with the dietary recommendations. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing comprehensive dietary and lifestyle interventions for post-COVID-19 patients to optimize their recovery and overall well-being. Physical activity, like a swimming program, may positively affect various aspects of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Gilić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Đurović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dorica Šajber
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Swimming Association of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sinclair L, Roscoe CMP. The Impact of Swimming on Fundamental Movement Skill Development in Children (3-11 Years): A Systematic Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1411. [PMID: 37628410 PMCID: PMC10453388 DOI: 10.3390/children10081411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Swimming is the only sport providing lifesaving skills, reducing the risk of death by drowning, a top cause of deaths in children aged 1-14 years. Research shows swimming amongst other sports can aid fundamental movement skill (FMS) development. Therefore, this review investigated the following: (1) how swimming impacts FMS development in children aged 3-11 years, (2) successful tools assessing swimming and FMS, and (3) recommendations appropriate to the UK curriculum based on findings of this study. A systematic literature review using Google Scholar, PubMed, and SPORTDiscuss was conducted to investigate the effects of swimming on FMS development. Methods included database searching, finalising articles appropriate to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and identifying relevant articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool assessed data quality and bias risk, whilst thematic analysis synthesised data alongside descriptive results. Ten papers were synthesised, identifying significant positive impacts of swimming on FMS, including significant pre-post testing (p < 0.01), significant improvements compared to other sports (p < 0.001), and significant improvements in specific motor skills (Balance; p = 0.0004). Future research specifically addressing swimming and FMS is essential to improving the curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare M. P. Roscoe
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Clinical Exercise and Rehabilitation Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
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Zhu H, Jin J, Zhao G. The effects of water-based exercise on body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 52:101766. [PMID: 37167802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effects of water-based exercise (WBE) on body composition. METHODS Trials published up to October 28, 2022 were searched using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Ovid databases. Randomized controlled trials of healthy adults published in English, comparing WBE and control groups, were included. Other studies with different research designs and participants with medical diagnoses were excluded. The main outcome measures were body weight (BW), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), lean mass (LM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). RESULTS Overall, 17,458 potential studies were identified. After a closer inspection, 79 full-length articles were considered for further screening. Finally, 20 studies, involving 565 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The WBE was beneficial in reducing BW, BFM, and BFP and increasing LM and SMM. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on different exercise intensities and times per week. Moderate- or moderate-vigorous-intensity exercise helped improve body composition, while lower-intensity WBE or aquatic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) seemed less helpful. Training for <120 min/week was insufficient to improve body composition. Training for >120 min/week was associated with improvements in body composition. CONCLUSIONS Moderate- or moderate-vigorous-intensity WBE helps improve body composition. Adults are encouraged to exercise for >120 min/week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhu
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gaonian Zhao
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Witkoś J, Błażejewski G, Hagner-Derengowska M, Makulec K. The Impact of Competitive Swimming on Menstrual Cycle Disorders and Subsequent Sports Injuries as Related to the Female Athlete Triad and on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15854. [PMID: 36497928 PMCID: PMC9737121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background: An athlete's menstrual cycle may be seriously disturbed when she undertakes a physical activity that exceeds the body's adaptive capacity and/or applies dietary restrictions. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of swimming training undertaken by participants of sport clubs on disorders of the menstrual cycle. METHODS The study involved 64 female athletes. The questionnaire utilized in this study was composed by the authors, however some of the questions were based on Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q). RESULTS 31.26% of swimmers reported that the menstrual cycle was stopped for more than 3 months, of which 21.88% had a menstrual absence for more than 6 months and 9.38% between 3 months and 6 months. Years of training were a positive predictor of the 'more profuse bleeding'. There was a negative correlation between the disorders of the menstrual cycle, the body weight of the female participants (p < 0.05) and the body mass index (p < 0.01). It was found that with the severity of the degree of disorder in the menstrual cycle, the number of injuries among the surveyed swimmers increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The correct body weight of the participants was a positive predictor of the absence of the menstrual cycle disorders among the majority of women practicing swimming. Disorders in the menstrual cycle occurring in a certain percentage of the swimmers positively correlated with the number of injuries recorded among these swimmers. Swimming has been shown to alleviate some of the premenstrual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Witkoś
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, G. Herlinga-Grudzinskiego Street 1, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Błażejewski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, G. Herlinga-Grudzinskiego Street 1, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska Street 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Kamila Makulec
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, G. Herlinga-Grudzinskiego Street 1, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
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Supervised Exercise in Water: Is It a Viable Alternative in Overweight/Obese People with or without Type 2 Diabetes? A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234963. [PMID: 36500993 PMCID: PMC9737856 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the effects of a water-based exercise program in overweight/obese people with or without type 2 diabetes is a topic of relatively recent interest. This type of exercise presents some advantages in reducing the risk of injury or trauma, and it can be a valuable therapeutic card to play for sedentary or physically inactive patients who have chronic metabolic diseases. This work aims to make a contribution showing the effects of a water-based exercise intervention, supervised by graduates in sports sciences, in a group of overweight/obese people with or without type 2 diabetes. In total, 93 adults (age 60.59 ± 10.44 years), including 72 women (age 60.19 ± 10.97 years) and 21 men (age 61.95 ± 8.48 years), were recruited to follow a water-based exercise program (2 sessions/week, for 12 weeks) at the C.U.R.I.A.Mo. Healthy Lifestyle Institute of Perugia University. Results showed an improvement in body mass index (−0.90 ± 1.56, p = 0.001), waist circumference (−4.32 ± 6.03, p < 0.001), and systolic (−7.78 ± 13.37, p = 0.001) and diastolic (−6.30 ± 10.91, p = 0.001) blood pressure. The supervised water-based intervention was useful in managing patients with metabolic diseases who often present with other health impairments, such as musculoskeletal problems or cardiovascular or rheumatic disease that could contraindicate gym-based exercise.
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Zhang J, Zhang N, Du S, Liu S, Ma G. Acute Water Supplementation Improved the Body Composition of Young Female Adults After Water Restriction of 12 h in Baoding, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Front Nutr 2022; 9:880630. [PMID: 35795583 PMCID: PMC9251362 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.880630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient intake of water may influence the balance of water in the human body. In this study, we explore the impacts of water supplementation on body composition indices among young adults after 12 h of water restriction, with the aim to determine the optimum volume of water for improving body water composition. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted among 64 young men and women in Baoding, China. After fasting overnight for 12 h, anthropometric measurements and urine and blood samples were collected as a baseline test at 8:00 a.m. of Day 2. Body composition was determined by measuring the ECW (extracellular water), ICW (intracellular water), and TBW (total body water) through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The participants were randomly divided into four groups, including water supplementation (WS) groups 1, 2, and 3, with 500, 200, and 100 mL of water, respectively, and a no water supplementation (NW) group. After 90 min, they were reassessed in a rehydration test (at 10:00 a.m. of Day 2). Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to assess the impact of water supplementation on body composition. Comparing the baseline and rehydration tests, interactions between time and volume were not significant among the men (all p > 0.05). Among women, a significant interaction was only found in ECW (p = 0.043), with TBW tending toward being significant (p = 0.055). Comparing the baseline and rehydration tests, the ECW in WS group 1, WS group 3, and the NW group all decreased (p = 0.028, p = 0.001, and p = 0.029), with reductions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.2 kg, respectively; however, no significant decrease was observed in WS group 2 (p = 0.329). Furthermore, comparing the WS groups with the NW group in the rehydration test, the differences were not significant (p = 1.000, p = 1.000, and p = 0.288, respectively). Between men and women within groups, all of the body composition indices differed significantly, both at baseline and rehydration tests (all p < 0.05). Water supplementation led to changes in the distribution of the water content in young female adults in this study-but not men-after 12 h of water restriction, with no decrease in ECW. Finally, we found that 200 mL was the minimum volume capable of improving the water content distribution in participants in this study. Trial Registration [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR-IOR-17011568].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shufang Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Study of Anthropometric and Body Composition Variables in the Overweight/Obese, Sedentary Elderly Men Using WATERinMOTION Aqua Training: A cross-Sectional Study. Asian J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of aqua training on human body composition still causes inconsistency. Objectives: This study was set to identify the effects of WATERinMOTION (WiM) as a water-based exercise on anthropometric and body composition variables without dietetic supervision in overweight/obese, sedentary elderly men. Methods: Participants (n = 70; age: 70.5 ± 4.4 years) derived by purposive and accessible selection were randomly distributed to either a one-month WiM aqua training group (n = 35, two weekly sessions each included 55 minutes on WiM aqua training) or a control group (n = 35, at the same time in sitting state). Anthropometric measures (height, weight, and waist circumference [WC]) and body composition variables (body mass index [BMI], fat mass [FM], total body water [TBW], and free fat mass [FFM]) were evaluated pre/post-study. Results: Upon analysis, statistically significant changes (P ≤ 0.05) were set on weight, BMI, and FM by comparing pre/post study for the WiM group. Furthermore, comparing groups at post disclosed a significant change in anthropometric measures (weight and WC) and body composition variables (BMI, FM, TBW, and FFM). Conclusions: A short-run, non-diet-supervised WiM program suggests supporting a loss in weight, FM, and BMI in overweight/obese, sedentary elderly men.
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Rezaeipour M. Effects of two water-based exercise programs on body weight and blood lipid parameters in elderly obese males with a sedentary lifestyle. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102194. [PMID: 34242940 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The consequences of exercise on atherogenic features are inconsistent. This study was aimed to examine the impacts of two water-based exercise programs (interval vs. continuous) without dietary intervention on body weight and blood lipid parameters, and its potential interactive effects and the activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in obese older men with a sedentary lifestyle. METHODS Sixty-two sedentary older men, who came to consult on weight loss to the Helal Ferdows Sports Complex, Iran, in 2018, volunteered for participation in this quasi-experimental study. Participants derived from a convenience sample were assigned at random into two aquatic exercise programs: Continuous training (CT) with moderate to vigorous-intensity and interval training (IT) with high-intensity. Both programs continued three months, three times a week, for 60-min each time. Comparing groups and times (pre- and post-intervention) was carried out using the Wilcoxon Nonparametric Test. The following assessments were completed pre- and post-intervention: body weight, body mass index (BMI), CETP activity, and blood lipid parameters. RESULTS No significant differences were observed when comparing the variables investigated within and between the groups' pre- and post-intervention (P ˃ 0.05), except for body weight and BMI in the CT after the intervention (respectively, 0.6 kg, P = 0.04; 0.4 kg m-2, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Both water-based exercise programs, without interference in nutrition, do not reveal a significant improvement in atherogenic features. The CT program detected modest but significant influences on body weight and BMI of obese older men with a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Rezaeipour
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Postal Code: 9816745639, Zahedan, Iran.
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Weight-Loss Parameters and Quality of Life in Obese Aged Women Using WATERinMOTION. HEALTH SCOPE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are controversial studies on weight loss, cardiometabolic markers, and quality of life (QOL) in obese aged women participating in water sports. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of the WATERinMOTION exercise program accompanied with no diet on the inactive obese aged women’s weight, cardiometabolic markers, and QOL. Methods: Sixty-four inactive obese aged women were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study at the Ukrainian Sports Center, Kyiv, 2019. They were randomly assigned into two Case (n = 32, with the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program) and control (n = 32, held in a sitting position simultaneously) groups using the convenient sampling method. The two programs were run twice a week (55 minutes each time) and lasted for one month. Moreover, anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist circumference), cardiometabolic markers (blood lipid markers and glycaemia), QOL (SF-36 questionnaire), and dietary monitoring were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The groups did not differ significantly regarding each of the analyzed variables prior to the intervention. Comparing pre-and post-intervention results revealed significant weight loss (-1.3, P = 0.004) and average BMI (-0.4, P = 0.002) in the case group. Moreover, a significant variation was revealed only in terms of weight after the intervention (P = 0.001). Regarding QOL, improvements in health status, vitality, and social aspects were significant in the case group after the intervention. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the WATERinMOTION program accompanied with no diet has a positive effect on weight loss, waist circumference, and metabolic profiles in obese aged women. However, the improvement in the QOL should not be neglected.
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Role of Parents in Body Mass Reduction in Children with Obesity-Adherence and Success of 1-Year Participation in an Intervention Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040168. [PMID: 32283681 PMCID: PMC7230971 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity in children and adolescents results in a number of serious health-related consequences necessitating early treatment. Support from family members and family-focused lifestyle interventions can improve effectiveness of the treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of parental characteristics and family-based dietary habits on the adherence and success of a body mass reduction program in children with obesity included in a lifestyle intervention program after 1 year. Materials and Methods: The program included dietetic, psychosocial, and endocrine counseling given to individuals either alone or in groups and was conducted by a multidisciplinary team (consisting of endocrinologists, nurses, psychologists, social counselors, dietitians, and physiotherapists). A total of 113 children aged 10-17 years (mean age 12.9 ± 2.0; 60 girls, 53 boys) were included in the program. After 1 year of participation, the rate of adherence and success were assessed. The effect of the participants' general characteristics, including anthropometric data, as well as parental characteristics (marital status, employment, education, body mass index (BMI), duration of breastfeeding) and the circumstances of meal consumption (eating at home or outside, fast food consumption), was analyzed. Results: The most important factors predicting body mass reduction success were baseline BMI (p < 0.0001) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.04), but they did not predict body mass reduction adherence. Conclusions: The meal consumption habits and support from family members may be among the determinants of adherence to a body mass reduction program for preadolescents and adolescents with obesity. However, the results of the presented study suggested that baseline BMI and WHR are the most important determinants of the body mass reduction success.
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