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Dun-Campbell K, Hartwell G, Maani N, Tompson A, van Schalkwyk MC, Petticrew M. Commercial determinants of mental ill health: An umbrella review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003605. [PMID: 39196874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Mental ill health has complex and interrelated underlying causes, with wider determinants of health often overlooked as risk factors. The 'commercial determinants of health' are gradually receiving more attention and recognition but there is a relative lack of awareness of the commercial determinants of mental health. This aim of this umbrella review was to synthesise systematic review level evidence for the association between commercial determinants and mental health outcomes. This umbrella review included evidence from high, middle, and low-income countries. We included terms related to broader commercial activities and terms focused on six key unhealthy commodities (tobacco, alcohol, ultra-processed foods, gambling, social media, fossil fuels) and the impacts of fossil fuel consumption (climate change, air pollution, wider pollution). We included 65 reviews and found evidence from high quality reviews for associations between alcohol, tobacco, gambling, social media, ultra-processed foods and air pollution and depression; alcohol, tobacco, gambling, social media, climate change and air pollution with suicide; climate change and air pollution with anxiety; and social media with self-harm. There was a lack of evidence examining wider practices of commercial industries. Our umbrella review demonstrates that by broadening the focus on commercial determinants, the influence of commercial products and activities on mental ill health can be better understood. The lack of research examining broader commercial practices on mental ill health is an area that should be addressed. Our review highlights the existing base of high-quality evidence for many of these unhealthy commodities' impacts on mental ill health and indicates that commercial determinants is a valuable framework for understanding the drivers of mental ill health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dun-Campbell
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Hartwell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nason Maani
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Tompson
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - May Ci van Schalkwyk
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Lee HS, Lee YJ, Cho JH, Park DS. Analysis of patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) based depression prevalence according to a discordance between quantitative urinary cotinine levels and self-report of second-hand smoke exposure among adults: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32125. [PMID: 38882351 PMCID: PMC11176832 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure appears to be more common among individuals with depression. However, self-report of SHS exposure is an inaccurate classification compared to confirming SHS exposure using urinary cotinine (UC). Additionally, the dose-response relationship between depression and UC is controversial. Methods The severe stress rate and depression prevalence was estimated among 14530 Korean participants aged ≥19 years using data patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and on UC from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Measured UCs were divided into four categories: UC- (≤0.3 μg/L), UC± (0.4 μg/L-0.9 μg/L), UC+ (1.0 μg/L-11.9 μg/L), and UC++ (≥12.0 μg/L). Results About 55.0 % participants were female and participants' mean age was 51.1 years. Non-smokers were 80.3 %. Among non-smokers, non-SHS exposure participants (SR-) and SHS exposure participants (SR+) were 83.0 % and 17.0 %, respectively. When UC- was used as the reference subgroup, the UC++ subgroup showed a higher depression prevalence, whereas the UC ± subgroup showed a lower prevalence. In the same UC categories, the depression prevalence and severe stress rate were higher among females than among males. Furthermore, the SR + subgroup had a higher severe stress rate than the SR- subgroup. Conclusions Our study showed a paradoxical reduction in the depression prevalence and severe stress rate in the UC ± subgroup compared to the UC- subgroup. Additionally, the dose-response relationship between the SHS exposure biomarker and the depression prevalence was not linear. Our study indicates that an emotional stress-based model may be more appropriate for explaining the relationship between depression and SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Wonkwang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Wonkwang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
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Zhang X, Ding L, Yang F, Qiao G, Gao X, Xiong Z, Zhu X. Association between indoor air pollution and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075105. [PMID: 38719299 PMCID: PMC11086541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Incomplete combustion of solid fuel and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are the primary causes of indoor air pollution (IAP), potentially leading to detrimental effects on individual mental health. However, current evidence regarding the association between IAP and depression remains inconclusive. This study aims to systematically investigate the evidence regarding the association between IAP and the risk of depression. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. DATA SOURCES Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE for available studies published up to 13 January 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included all cohort studies published in English that aimed to explore the relationship between IAP from solid fuel use and SHS exposure and the risk of depression. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The association between IAP and depression was calculated using pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value, and the effect estimates were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects models depending on the results of homogeneity analysis. RESULTS We included 12 articles with data from 61 217 participants. The overall findings demonstrated a significant association between IAP exposure and depression (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.31), although with substantial heterogeneity (I2=75%). Subgroup analyses based on pollutant type revealed that IAP from solid fuel use was associated with a higher risk of depression (RR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.26; I2=62%; 5 studies, 36 768 participants) than that from SHS exposure (RR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.41; I2=80%; 7 studies, 24 449 participants). In terms of fuel use, the use of solid fuel for cooking (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.31; I2=58%; 4 studies, 34 044 participants) and heating (RR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27; I2=65%; 3 studies, 24 874 participants) was associated with increased depression risk. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies indicated an association between exposure to IAP and depression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022383285.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linlin Ding
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiyuan Qiao
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolian Gao
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Wan B, Peng-Li D, Chen J, Xu P, Sun D, Chen Q, Li J, Wang M, Zheng S, Fan L, Wu X, Hu J, Chen J, Wang Z. The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on self-satisfaction and perceived freedom of life choice. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:439-445. [PMID: 35157562 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2039157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to examine whether secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) in university students can affect three indices of self-satisfaction related to depression as indiced by appearance, weight, and freedom of life choice. Participants: We collected data from 740 nonsmoking students in the summer of 2018, of which 57.84% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Methods: Depressive symptoms, SHSE, smoking status, weight satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, and freedom of life choice were self-reported via a questionnaire. Results: The generalized linear analyses revealed that SHSE was linked to lower scores of perceived freedom of life choice but not significantly associated with weight nor appearance satisfaction. The mediation analyses indicated that perceived freedom of life choice fully mediated the association between SHSE and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These findings shed light on the importance of SHSE and its effects on mental health in university students. Preventive strategies should therefore locally target university campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danni Peng-Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing China & Aarhus Denmark, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peilin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Sun
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Fan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusen Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiu Hu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjian Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang R, Yang H, Sun J, Zhao M, Magnussen CG, Xi B. Association between secondhand smoke exposure across the life course and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:214-220. [PMID: 37952910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure across the life course and depressive symptoms among older adults. We aimed to investigate the association of childhood household SHS exposure, adulthood household SHS exposure, lifetime social SHS exposure, and their coexistence with depressive symptoms in older adults. METHODS Data were from the 2011-2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. About 4000 participants (aged 60 years or older) were recruited in a randomly selected half of the counties and cities in China. Data on SHS exposure, past-year depressive symptoms, and covariates were collected using a questionnaire. The chi-square test (for categorical variables) and t-test (for continuous variables) were used to assess differences in the participant characteristics across groups of SHS exposures. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptom according to different types of SHS exposure. RESULTS Childhood household SHS exposure (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.22-1.66), adulthood household SHS exposure (OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.21-1.63) and lifetime social SHS exposure (OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.14-1.58) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. Additionally, those with a higher SHS exposure score had higher odds of depressive symptoms (1 point: OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.22-2.00; 2 points: OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.39-2.25; 3 points: OR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.45-2.31). The results were similar when stratified by lifetime nonsmoking, former smoking, and current smoking. LIMITATIONS Retrospective design may introduce recall bias. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms in older adults, with the effect seeming to be addictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Johnstad PG. Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1268339. [PMID: 38249418 PMCID: PMC10797041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are well-established literatures documenting the associations between mental disorders and unhealthy behaviors such as poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use. Few studies have attempted to understand the respective findings in light of each other, however. Objective The purpose of this review was to assemble comparable data for each behavior-disorder association and assess the associations in terms of their overall strength. The review aimed to include a representative, but not exhaustive, range of studies that would allow for explorative comparisons. Methods Eligible studies were identified via Pubmed searches and citation searching, restricted to publications no older than 2015 written in English. To obtain comparable data, only studies that reported findings as odds ratios were included, and risk of bias related to study samples, behavioral measurement disparities, and control variables was assessed via sensitivity analyses. Findings for each disorder were compared on the basis of different measures of central tendency. Results From 3,682 records, 294 studies were included. The review found evidence of associations between each of the four unhealthy behaviors and psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while personality disorder was only investigated in relation to cannabis and tobacco use. In overall comparison, the associations were generally of similar strength, and only the association between cannabis use and personality disorder was exceptional in terms of being significantly stronger than its counterparts across disorders and across behaviors. Analyses of bias risk identified some influence from behavioral measurement disparities and lack of adequate statistical control, but findings were generally robust across a range of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This explorative and comparative review found that poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use are about equally strongly associated with a range of different mental disorders. Given the general nature of these associations, we should probably understand them to reflect a general and shared etiology. However, the findings in this review should be regarded as tentative until confirmed by more comprehensive investigations.
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Madkhali M, Shariff S, Albalawi R, Aqeel A, Alshahrani A, Alabdullah R, Alasmari R, Aljohani W. Association Between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms Among the General Population of Non-smoker Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49243. [PMID: 38143701 PMCID: PMC10742206 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. However, data on this association in Saudi Arabia is limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of SHS exposure and its association with respiratory symptoms among non-smoker adults in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Data collection was carried out over the course of two months by distributing an online questionnaire among adults living in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of questions assessing sociodemographic factors, SHS exposure, and the presence of respiratory symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Data was considered significant if p<0.05. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 1360 participants. Most were females (n=845, 72.1%) and individuals aged 18 to 30 years (n=838, 71.5%). From the analyzed records, 67.3% (n=789) reported SHS exposure. Among them, 40.3% (n=472) reported SHS exposure from household sources, 32.6% (n=382) from work colleagues, and 30.5% (n=357) from friends. The majority (n=306, 76.9%) of those exposed at home reported daily SHS exposure. The main source of home exposure was male family members, particularly the father (n=201, 42.6%). The majority (n=985, 84.0%) of participants reported not having any kind of mold or damage at their place of residence. Individuals with SHS exposure were more likely to report asthma (p=0.043), chest whistling or wheezing (p=0.021), chronic cough (p<0.001), productive cough (p<0.001), and nasal symptoms without a cold (p<0.001). These individuals also demonstrated a higher average symptom score than those not exposed to SHS. Conclusion: The study reveals that a significant percentage of the Saudi population is exposed to SHS daily, mainly from household sources, especially male family members. A significant association was found between SHS exposure and the presence of respiratory symptoms. Public awareness regarding the prevalence and dangers of SHS exposure is essential in order to alleviate the impact of SHS on the health of the general Saudi population. Additionally, further research is required in this field and demographic group to develop appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safa Shariff
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wajd Aljohani
- Internal Medicine, King Abdullah Medical Complex - Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
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van der Eijk Y, Woh J. Is secondhand smoke associated with mental health issues? A narrative review of the evidence and policy implications. Health Policy 2023; 136:104900. [PMID: 37651970 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a well-established cause of lung cancer, respiratory disease, heart disease and developmental issues in children, with an overwhelming evidence base spanning over four decades. In this narrative review, we describe studies which have also linked self-reported or cotinine-assessed SHS exposure in the home, workplace and other settings to mental health disorders including depression, suicide, anxiety, and psychological distress in children and adults, sleeping disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and behavioural issues in children, and dementia in older adults. In general, evidence indicates that SHS exposure is associated with these disorders in a dose-response manner, with higher odds reported in people who are exposed to SHS at high levels, frequently, and in the home environment. Most studies so far are cross-sectional albeit in large, nationally representative samples from various countries with a smaller number of longitudinal studies. More research is needed in this area to determine whether SHS is a direct cause of adverse mental health outcomes, and whether creating smokefree environments leads to improved mental wellbeing. In particular, more research is needed on the impact of smokefree home environments, an area which has received relatively little focus in smokefree interventions which generally target public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette van der Eijk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Joanne Woh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore
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Oyapero A, Erinoso O, Olatosi OO. Adolescents' exposure to secondhand smoke and its association with susceptibility to smoking and mental health in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 44:202. [PMID: 37484581 PMCID: PMC10362663 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.202.35973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction this study assessed the relationship between exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) and its association with self-reported anxiety, depression and susceptibility to smoking among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods depression among study subjects was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) was used to determine anxiety levels. Susceptibility to smoking cigarettes was also determined while the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 26.0 software was used for data analysis. Significant associations were determined at P-values <0.05. Results of the 300 adolescents surveyed (mean age 12.9±1.43), 7.6 % were regularly exposed to SHS, of which 3.0% were daily exposed to SHS indoors. In multivariable analyses, indoor SHS exposure for ≥ 1 hour daily was associated with increased odds for susceptibility to smoking (AOR=3.793; 95%-CI: 0.98-14.60; p= 0.052) and increased odds for depression (AOR=1.303; 95%-CI: 0.84-2.01; p= 0.228) and slightly reduced odds for anxiety (AOR=0.952; 95%-CI: 0.62-1.47; p=0.822). Conclusion secondhand smoking exposure was associated with higher odds of susceptibility to smoking cigarettes and depression among adolescents exposed to SHS, especially among females living in cramped accommodations. Further validation of these findings should however be determined by cohort study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Erinoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Olamide Olatosi
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Wei D, Shen S, Lu J, Liu W, Chen N, Lam KBH, Au Yeung SL, Xia H, Qiu X. Association between incense burning and prenatal depressive symptoms: evidence from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40860-40869. [PMID: 36622609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of incense burning alone, a source of indoor air pollution, and jointly with passive smoking, with prenatal depressive symptoms. Information on incense exposure and depressive symptoms were collected at both early and late pregnancy using questionnaires in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of incense exposure separately, and together with passive smoking, with prenatal depressive symptoms. Compared to the non-users, pregnant women with household incense burning had higher odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR), 1.17, 95% CI, 1.06, 1.28). Compared with non-users, women who occasionally (OR, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.09, 1.36) and frequently (1.51, 95% CI, 1.26, 1.80) smelled incense had higher odds of prenatal depressive symptoms. Higher duration of incense smelling was associated with higher odds of prenatal depressive symptoms compared with non-users. There was no strong evidence for an interaction of frequency of incense smelling and passive smoking in prenatal depressive symptoms. Prenatal exposure to incense burning was associated with higher odds of having depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and there is no evidence for interaction with concurrent exposure to passive smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wei
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Department of Women's Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songying Shen
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Department of Women's Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Niannian Chen
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Department of Women's Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Department of Women's Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chaplin AB, Daniels NF, Ples D, Anderson RZ, Gregory-Jones A, Jones PB, Khandaker GM. Longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk factors and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1049-1059. [PMID: 34167604 PMCID: PMC9975997 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and serious mental illness that begins early in life. An association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent depression is clear in adults. We examined associations between individual CVD risk factors and depression in young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 1 January 2020. We extracted data from cohort studies assessing the longitudinal association between CVD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein] and depression, measured using a validated tool in individuals with mean age of 24 years or younger. Random effect meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates from individual studies, including odds ratio (OR) for depression and standardised mean difference for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Based on meta-analysis of seven studies, comprising 15 753 participants, high BMI was associated with subsequent depression [pooled OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.14; I2 = 31%]. Based on meta-analysis of eight studies, comprising 30 539 participants, smoking was associated with subsequent depression (pooled OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.20; I2 = 74%). Low, but not high, SBP was associated with an increased risk of depression (pooled OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.68-6.55; I2 = 0%), although this was based on a small pooled high-risk sample of 893 participants. Generalisability may be limited as most studies were based in North America or Europe. CONCLUSIONS Targeting childhood/adolescent smoking and obesity may be important for the prevention of both CVD and depression across the lifespan. Further research on other CVD risk factors including blood pressure and cholesterol in young people is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Chaplin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diana Ples
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Z. Anderson
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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12
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Tan GPP, Teo O, van der Eijk Y. Residential secondhand smoke in a densely populated urban setting: a qualitative exploration of psychosocial impacts, views and experiences. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1168. [PMID: 35690740 PMCID: PMC9187883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People remain exposed to secondhand smoke, a serious health hazard, inside their home as households face challenges in setting no-smoking rules or are exposed to secondhand smoke drifting in from neighbouring homes. This study explores the psychosocial impacts, views, and experiences with residential secondhand smoke in a densely populated urban setting. Methods In-depth online or face to face interviews with 18 key informants who had been involved in public discourse, policy, advocacy or handling complaints related to residential secondhand smoke, 14 smokers, and 16 non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke inside their home. All participants were residents of Singapore, a densely populated, multi-ethnic city-state. Interview transcripts were coded in NVivo using a deductive and inductive coding process. Findings Secondhand smoke has wide-reaching impacts on physical and psychosocial wellbeing, even if smokers tried to minimise secondhand smoke. Feelings of anxiety and stress are generally tied to feeling discomfort in one’s personal space, a perceived lack of control over the situation, resentment towards smokers, and concerns over the health effects. Family, community, and cultural dynamics add complexities to tackling the issue, especially in patriarchal households. Secondhand smoke exposure from neighbours is considered a widespread issue, exacerbated by structural factors such as building layout and the COVID-19 pandemic. Resolving the issue amicably is considered challenging due to the absence of regulations and a reluctance to stir up conflict with neighbours. While smokers took measures to reduce secondhand smoke, these were described as ineffective by other participants. Smokers appeared to have contrasting views from other participants on what it means to smoke in a socially responsible manner. Conclusion Given the wide-reaching psychosocial impacts of residential secondhand smoke, there is a case for stronger interventions, especially in densely populated urban settings where it is more difficult to avoid. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13561-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ping Ping Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Odelia Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvette van der Eijk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kim S, Oh J, Yun B, Cho A, Sim J, Yoon JH. Secondhand Smoke in the Workplace Is Associated With Depression in Korean Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:802083. [PMID: 35558545 PMCID: PMC9087188 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.802083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking negatively affects health, and previous studies argue that secondhand smoke (SHS) has a significantly negative health effect. We investigated whether SHS in the workplace influences workers' depression. Methods Three years of data (2014, 2016, and 2018) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants who were not current smokers were classified into the occupational SHS exposed and non-exposed groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by adjusting various covariates. Stratified analysis with variables, such as year, sex, occupational classification, average working hours, was additionally performed. Results The crude ORs of depression was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.27–1.80), and the fully adjusted OR with all the covariates was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.30–1.88). This indicated a significant relationship between occupational SHS and depression. The ORs increased every 2 years: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.79–1.44) in 2014, 1.88 (95% CI: 1.34–2.64) in 2016, and 2.07 (95% CI: 1.43–2.99) in year 2018. Stratification analysis also showed a significant association between SHS and depression among those in the prolonged work hours group and male employees, as well as blue- and white-collar workers. Conclusion SHS in the workplace was significantly associated with workers' depression. Our study provides insights into the impact of exposure to SHS for workers and provides a basis for further research and policy-making in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghan Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Oh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byungyoon Yun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juho Sim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Fan Z, Gong X, Xu H, Wang H, Zeng N, Li L, Yan C, Wu L, Chen Y. Gender differences in the associations between tobacco smoke exposure and depressive symptoms among U.S. adults: NHANES 2007-2018. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:249-257. [PMID: 34799126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings concerning gender differences in the associations between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and depression are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the gender-specific associations between active and passive TSE with depressive symptoms in a large, nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS Data were from 27,175 adults aged ≥20 years in the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for possible confounders. Whether the TSE-depression relationships may differ by age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported health status was examined. RESULTS After adjustment for lifestyle- and health-related variables, no significant associations between active (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.87-1.55]) and passive TSE (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.59-1.19]) and depressive symptoms were found among men. Among women, active TSE was associated with depressive symptoms (OR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.51-2.39]), while the association for passive TSE was nonsignificant (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.91-1.34]) after adjusting for lifestyle- and health-related variables. Interaction and subgroup analyses showed that self-reported health status could modify the relationship between passive TSE and depressive symptoms among women. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship between serum cotinine and depressive symptoms was found in women, but not in men. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a stronger TSE-depression association in women than in men. Understanding these gender-specific patterns and identifying the potential moderators of such relationships will enable better targeting of public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Fan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiayu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ningxi Zeng
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Park MB, Kwan Y, Sim B, Lee J. Association between urine cotinine and depressive symptoms in non-smokers: National representative sample in Korea. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:527-532. [PMID: 34330049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is known to have negative effects on mental as well as physical health. However, the association between SHS and mental health problems has not been assessed in non-smokers. To evaluate the association of exposure to tobacco smoke and depressive symptoms, and that of the prevalence of having depressive symptoms and urinary cotinine (UCo) concentrations in non-exposed subjects. METHODS Data was extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Depressive symptoms were determined based on a patient's overall score on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and SHS exposure was evaluated using self-reported data and UCo concentration. Overall, 13,219 non-smokers, ≥ 19 years were included in the study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to depressive symptoms; independent t-test was conducted to confirm the differences in UCo concentration according to the prevalence of depression. RESULTS Among the non-exposure groups, 2.0% of the males and 5.6% of the females showed depressive symptoms. Lower social-economic status, higher UCo concentration, and SHS exposure increased the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The UCo concentration of females with depressive symptoms was significantly higher than those of females without depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS This study only demonstrated an association between SHS exposure and depression, not the causal effects, because of the cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSION SHS exposure and depressive symptoms are correlated. The association was also confirmed by evaluating the UCo concentration of those who were not exposed to SHS based on self-reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Bae Park
- Department of Gerontology Health and Welfare, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunna Kwan
- Department of psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boram Sim
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Alizadeh Z, Roohafza H, Feizi A, Sarrafzadegan N. Association of Cigarette Smoking with Depression and Anxiety in Middle-Aged Adults: a Large Cross-Sectional Study among Iranian Industrial Manufacturing Employees. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Firth J, Solmi M, Wootton RE, Vancampfort D, Schuch FB, Hoare E, Gilbody S, Torous J, Teasdale SB, Jackson SE, Smith L, Eaton M, Jacka FN, Veronese N, Marx W, Ashdown-Franks G, Siskind D, Sarris J, Rosenbaum S, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B. A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:360-380. [PMID: 32931092 PMCID: PMC7491615 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well-being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta-review of the top-tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta-analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta-reviews, and two meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non-pharmacological sleep-focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and -Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erin Hoare
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of -Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Canter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, -Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Eaton
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Braun M, Klingelhöfer D, Oremek GM, Quarcoo D, Groneberg DA. Influence of Second-Hand Smoke and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Biomarkers, Genetics and Physiological Processes in Children-An Overview in Research Insights of the Last Few Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3212. [PMID: 32380770 PMCID: PMC7246681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Children are commonly exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the domestic environment or inside vehicles of smokers. Unfortunately, prenatal tobacco smoke (PTS) exposure is still common, too. SHS is hazardous to the health of smokers and non-smokers, but especially to that of children. SHS and PTS increase the risk for children to develop cancers and can trigger or worsen asthma and allergies, modulate the immune status, and is harmful to lung, heart and blood vessels. Smoking during pregnancy can cause pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes as well as changes in the development of the foetus. Lately, some of the molecular and genetic mechanisms that cause adverse health effects in children have been identified. In this review, some of the current insights are discussed. In this regard, it has been found in children that SHS and PTS exposure is associated with changes in levels of enzymes, hormones, and expression of genes, micro RNAs, and proteins. PTS and SHS exposure are major elicitors of mechanisms of oxidative stress. Genetic predisposition can compound the health effects of PTS and SHS exposure. Epigenetic effects might influence in utero gene expression and disease susceptibility. Hence, the limitation of domestic and public exposure to SHS as well as PTS exposure has to be in the focus of policymakers and the public in order to save the health of children at an early age. Global substantial smoke-free policies, health communication campaigns, and behavioural interventions are useful and should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Braun
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (D.K.); (G.M.O.); (D.Q.); (D.A.G.)
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19
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Jacob L, Smith L, Jackson SE, Haro JM, Shin JI, Koyanagi A. Secondhand Smoking and Depressive Symptoms Among In-School Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:613-621. [PMID: 32059988 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking has been linked with depressive symptoms in adolescents, but data on secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. Thus, this study analyzes the association between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms among in-school adolescents from 22 low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Data from the 2003-2008 Global School-Based Student Health Survey were analyzed in June 2019. Data on past-week exposure to secondhand smoke and past-year depressive symptoms were collected. The association between secondhand smoke and depressive symptoms was studied using multivariable logistic regressions and meta-analyses. RESULTS The sample consisted of 37,505 adolescents aged 12-15 years who never smoked. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 23.0% in adolescents with no secondhand smoking to 28.9% in those with secondhand smoking every day in the past week. After adjusting for sex, age, food insecurity, and country, there was a dose-response relationship between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in the overall sample (0 days: reference; 1-2 days: OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.95, 1.18; 3-6 days: OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.20, 1.58; 7 days: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.44, 1.86). The country-wise analysis showed that secondhand smoking on at least 3 days (versus <3 days) in the past week was associated with a 1.48-fold increase in the odds of depressive symptoms (95% CI=1.39, 1.59), with a low level of between-country heterogeneity (I2=4.2%). CONCLUSIONS There was a positive association between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms among in-school adolescents from low- and middle-income countries. Further research should investigate causality and assess whether prevention of exposure to secondhand smoke can have a positive effect on the mental well-being of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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