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Physical Activity Monitoring and Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081103. [PMID: 35892905 PMCID: PMC9332439 DOI: 10.3390/life12081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role in controlling obesity and maintaining healthy living. It becomes increasingly important during a pandemic due to restrictions on outdoor activities. Tracking physical activities using miniature wearable sensors and state-of-the-art machine learning techniques can encourage healthy living and control obesity. This work focuses on introducing novel techniques to identify and log physical activities using machine learning techniques and wearable sensors. Physical activities performed in daily life are often unstructured and unplanned, and one activity or set of activities (sitting, standing) might be more frequent than others (walking, stairs up, stairs down). None of the existing activities classification systems have explored the impact of such class imbalance on the performance of machine learning classifiers. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to investigate the impact of class imbalance on the performance of machine learning classifiers and also to observe which classifier or set of classifiers is more sensitive to class imbalance than others. The study utilizes motion sensors' data of 30 participants, recorded while performing a variety of daily life activities. Different training splits are used to introduce class imbalance which reveals the performance of the selected state-of-the-art algorithms with various degrees of imbalance. The findings suggest that the class imbalance plays a significant role in the performance of the system, and the underrepresentation of physical activity during the training stage significantly impacts the performance of machine learning classifiers.
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Bariatric Surgery: Late Outcomes in Patients Who Reduced Comorbidities at Early Follow-Up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090995. [PMID: 34577918 PMCID: PMC8472676 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Backgroundand Objectives: In severe obesity, a relevant weight loss can promote the reduction of comorbidities, such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM2). Bariatric surgery (BS) has been an essential resource in the therapy of this disease with a short-term reduction of cardiometabolic risk (CR). This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of factors associated with the CR in patients undergoing BS at a 5-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal, retrospective study carried out with patients undergoing BS by the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (PHS). Anthropometric and clinical parameters related to the CR (DM2, dyslipidemia, and SAH), quantified by the Assessment of Obesity-Related Comorbidities (AORC) score, were evaluated at the following moments: admission and preoperative and postoperative returns (3 months, 6 months, 1 to 5 years). Results: The sample had a mean age of 44.69 ± 9.49 years and were predominantly in the age group 20–29 years (34.80%) and women (72.46%). At admission to the service, 42.3% had DM2, 50.7% dyslipidemia, and 78.9% SAH. Regarding BS, the gastric bypass technique was used in 92.86% of the sample, and the waiting time for the procedure was 28.3 ± 24.4 months. In the pre- and postoperative period of 3 months, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of DM2 (p < 0.003), dyslipidemia (p < 0.000), and SAH (p < 0.000). However, at postoperative follow-up from 6 months to 5 years, there was no significant reduction in the comorbidities studied. After five years, 35.7% had total remission of DM2 and 2.9% partial remission of DM2, 44.2% had control and remission of dyslipidemia, and 19.6% of SAH (AORC score ≤ 2 for the comorbidities). Conclusion: BS promoted a reduction of the CR in the first three months after BS in severely obese PHS users.
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Hinerman AS, El Khoudary SR, Wahed AS, Courcoulas AP, Barinas-Mitchell EJM, King WC. Predictors of change in cardiovascular disease risk and events following gastric bypass: a 7-year prospective multicenter study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:910-918. [PMID: 33582036 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change in short-term (i.e., 10-year) and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has significant heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of change in CVD risk and cardiovascular events following RYGB. METHODS Between 2006-2009, 1625 adults without a history of CVD enrolled in a prospective cohort study and underwent RYGB at 1 of 10 U.S. hospitals. Participants were followed annually for a maximum of 7 years. Associations between presurgery characteristics (anthropometric, sociodemographic, physical and mental health, alcohol/drug use, eating behaviors) and 1) pre to postsurgery change in 10 year and lifetime atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk scores, respectively, and 2) having a CVD event (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, angina, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, or CVD-attributed death) as repeated measures (yr 1-7) were evaluated. SETTING Observational cohort study at ten hospitals throughout the United States. RESULTS Presurgery factors independently associated with decreases in both 10-year and lifetime risk scores 1-7 years post-RYGB were higher CVD risk score, female sex, higher household income, and normal kidney function. Additionally, Black race and having diabetes were independently associated with decreases in 10-year risk, while not having diabetes and a higher (better) composite mental health score were independently related to decreases in lifetime risk. A lower (worse) presurgery composite physical health score was associated with a higher CVD event risk (RR = 1.68, per 10 points). CONCLUSION This study identified multiple presurgery factors that characterize patients who may have more cardiovascular benefit from RYGB, and patients who might require additional support to improve their cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Hinerman
- Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Samar R El Khoudary
- Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Abdus S Wahed
- Biostatisics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anita P Courcoulas
- Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Biostatisics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wendy C King
- Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Śliwa-Dominiak J, Maciejewska D, Janda K, Stachowska E, Łoniewska B, Malinowski D, Borecki K, Marlicz W, Łoniewski I. The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061788. [PMID: 32521799 PMCID: PMC7357153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of probiotic/synbiotic formulations to counteract cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in healthy people not receiving adjunctive medication. The systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase) until 1 August 2019 was performed for randomized controlled trials in >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis subgroup and meta-regression analysis of co-primary (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glucose, insulin, body weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and blood pressure) and secondary outcomes (uric acid, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-PAI-1, fibrinogen, and any variable related to inflammation/endothelial dysfunction). We included 61 trials (5422 persons). The mean time of probiotic administration was 67.01 ± 38.72 days. Most of probiotic strains were of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. The other strains were Streptococci, Enterococci, and Pediococci. The daily probiotic dose varied between 106 and 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/gram. Probiotics/synbiotics counteracted CMR factors (endpoint data on BMI: standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.156, p = 0.006 and difference in means (DM) = -0.45, p = 0.00 and on WC: SMD = -0.147, p = 0.05 and DM = -1.21, p = 0.02; change scores on WC: SMD = -0.166, p = 0.04 and DM = -1.35, p = 0.03) in healthy persons. Overweight/obese healthy people might additionally benefit from reducing total cholesterol concentration (change scores on WC in overweight/obese: SMD: -0.178, p = 0.049). Poor quality of probiotic-related trials make systematic reviews and meta-analyses difficult to conduct and draw definite conclusions. "Gold standard" methodology in probiotic studies awaits further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Borecki
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
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Rocha de Almeida R, Cândido de Souza MF, Gama de Matos D, Monteiro Costa Pereira L, Batista Oliveira V, Menezes Oliveira JL, Soares Barreto-Filho JA, Almeida-Santos MA, de Souza RF, de Freitas Zanona A, Machado Reis V, Aidar FJ, Sobral Sousa AC. A Retrospective Study about the Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators and Level of Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Patients from Private vs. Public Units. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234751. [PMID: 31783626 PMCID: PMC6926728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a pathology with a growing incidence in developing countries. Objective: To evaluate the evolution of cardiometabolic, anthropometrics, and physical activity parameters in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) in the public healthcare system (PUS) and private healthcare system (PHS). Methods: A longitudinal, observational, and retrospective study was conducted with 111 bariatric patients on two different health systems, with 60 patients from the PUS and 51 from the PHS. Cardiometabolic risk (CR) was analyzed by the assessment of obesity-related comorbidities (AORC) on admission and 3, 6, and 12 months after BS, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was surveyed before and 12 months after BS. In addition, cardiometabolic risk was also assessed by biochemical (fasting glucose and complete lipidogram) and anthropometric (weight, weight loss, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio) parameters. Results: On admission, the parameters of severe obesity, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), Diabetes mellitus (DM), and waiting time to BS were higher in the PUS. Additionally, in the PUS, AORC was reduced only in the SAH parameter. However, in the post-surgery moment, AORC reduced, and there was no difference between the two groups after BS. Regarding physical activity, the IPAQ showed a higher level of activity in the PHS before and one year after BS. Conclusion: At the PUS, BS is performed in patients with a higher degree of comorbidities, but BS improved the reduction of the CR at a similar level to those observed in the PHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Rocha de Almeida
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Estácio Sergipe University Center, Aracaju, Sergipe 49020-490, Brazil
| | - Márcia Ferreira Cândido de Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research in Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil; (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E6, Canada
| | - Larissa Monteiro Costa Pereira
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Estácio Sergipe University Center, Aracaju, Sergipe 49020-490, Brazil
| | - Victor Batista Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Cardiovascular System Unit Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas—Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju, Sergipe 49015-400, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Soares Barreto-Filho
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Cardiovascular System Unit Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas—Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju, Sergipe 49015-400, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Fabrício de Souza
- Group of Studies and Research in Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil; (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Aristela de Freitas Zanona
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Lagarto, Sergipe 49170-000, Brazil;
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Group of Studies and Research in Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil; (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-79-3194-6600
| | - Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe—UFS, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil; (R.R.d.A.); (M.F.C.d.S.); (L.M.C.P.); (V.B.O.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Cardiovascular System Unit Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas—Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju, Sergipe 49015-400, Brazil
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