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Norman FF, Gonzalez-Sanz M. Pulmonary infections in the returning traveler. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:243-251. [PMID: 38323419 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shaped the epidemiology of other infectious diseases globally. International tourist arrivals are increasing and recovering to prepandemic levels. This review focuses on respiratory infections in travelers, highlighting the characteristics of the main imported viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections with pulmonary involvement. RECENT FINDINGS A recent systematic review estimated a prevalence of respiratory symptoms in travelers of around 35%, increasing to nearly 65% in the context of mass gatherings. Common viral and bacterial pathogens account for the majority of respiratory infections with an identified cause; however, recent data focus on the need for surveillance of emerging infections such as MERS-CoV, henipaviruses and multidrug resistant bacteria, which may be spread through travel. Fungal and parasitic respiratory infections are less common, and acquisition is usually associated with specific risk factors or exposure in endemic areas. Special risk groups, such as immunocompromised travelers, may be particularly vulnerable, presenting with severe disease or reactivation of latent infections. SUMMARY The next significant international epidemic could involve another new infectious agent causing respiratory disease and spreading via mobile populations. Official protocols should be adhered to, and public health interventions implemented for effective control. Continued and globally coordinated investments in research for new vaccines, therapeutic agents, disease modeling, and digital tracking strategies are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca F Norman
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS
- Universidad de Alcalá
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Sanz
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS
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Prado T, Magalhães MGP, Moreira DA, Brandão ML, Fumian TM, Ferreira FC, Chame M, Leomil L, Degrave WMS, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Microbiome and virome on indoor surfaces of an Antarctic research ship. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e230084. [PMID: 37672426 PMCID: PMC10481937 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on microbial diversity in indoor environments of ships, as well as the role of the microbiome and its ecological interconnections. In this study, we investigated the microbiome and virome present on the internal surfaces of a polar ship in different stages (beginning, during, and at the end) of the Brazilian Antarctic expedition in order to evaluate abundance of microorganisms in different periods. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We used shotgun metagenomic analysis on pooled samples from sampling surfaces in the ship's interior to track the microbial diversity. FINDINGS Considering the total fraction of the microbiome, the relative abundance of bacteria, eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea was 83.7%, 16.2%, 0.04%, and 0.002%, respectively. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phyla, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Concerning the virome, the greatest richness of viral species was identified during the middle of the trip, including ten viral families after de novo assembly: Autographiviridae, Chrysoviridae, Genomoviridae, Herelleviridae, Myoviridae, Partitiviridae, Podoviridae, Potyviridae, Siphoviridae, and Virgaviridae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study contributed to the knowledge of microbial diversity in naval transportation facilities, and variations in the abundance of microorganisms probably occurred due to factors such as the number of passengers and activities on the ship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Prado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e BioInovações, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Daniel Andrade Moreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e BioInovações, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Martha Lima Brandão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Projeto FioAntar/VPPIS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernando Cesar Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Plataforma Institucional para Biodiversidade e Saúde Animal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana Leomil
- Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial, Centro Tecnológico para Indústria Química e Têxtil, Biotecnologia, Parque Tecnológico da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Diella G, Martinelli A, Di Lorenzo A, Gallone MS, Tafuri S. Prevalence and management of rubella susceptibility in healthcare workers in Italy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100195. [PMID: 36032697 PMCID: PMC9399279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the pre-vaccination era, all adults acquired immunity status due to natural infections during childhood and adolescence, whereas universal mass vaccination has changed the seroepidemiology of rubella among adults, showing lack of immunity in some subgroups. National and international guidelines recommend evaluating all healthcare workers (HCWs) for their immune status to rubella and possibly vaccinating those who are seronegative. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the susceptibility rate to rubella among HCWs in Italy and to explore possible options for the management of those found to be susceptible. Methods Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, selected from scientific papers available in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar (till page 10) databases between January 1, 2015 and November 30, 2021. The following terms were used for the search strategy: (sero* OR seroprevalence OR prevalence OR susceptibilit* OR immunit* OR immunogenict*) AND (healthcare worker* OR health personnel OR physician* OR nurse OR student*) AND (rubella OR german measles OR TORCH) AND (Italy) Results The prevalence of rubella-susceptible HCWs was 9.0 % (95 %CI: 6.4–12.1 %). In a comparison of female vs. male serosusceptible HCWs, the RR was 0.67 (95 %CI = 0.51–0.88). Occupational medicine examinations for rubella screening with possible subsequent vaccination of seronegatives and exclusion of susceptible HCWs from high-risk settings were common management strategies. Conclusions HCWs susceptible to rubella are an important epidemiological concern in Italy, and efforts to identify and actively offer the vaccine to this population should be increased.
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Yang T, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Guo X, Yu S, Zhao Z, Deng B, Huang J, Liu W, Su Y, Chen T. Age-specific transmission dynamic of mumps: A long-term large-scale modeling study in Jilin Province, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:968702. [PMID: 36420012 PMCID: PMC9678053 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.968702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite the adoption of a new childhood immunization program in China, the incidence of mumps remains high. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2019 and to assess the transmissibility of mumps virus among the whole population and different subgroups by regions and age groups. Methods The Non-age-specific and age-specific Susceptible-Exposed-Pre-symptomatic-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEPIAR) models were fitted to actual mumps incidence data. The time-varying reproduction number (R t ) was used to evaluate and compare the transmissibility. Results From 2005 to 2019, a total of 57,424 cases of mumps were reported in Jilin Province. The incidence of mumps was the highest in people aged 5 to 9 years (77.37 per 100,000). The two SEPIAR models fitted the reported data well (P < 0.01). The median transmissibility (R t ) calculated by the two SEPIAR models were 1.096 (range: 1.911 × 10-5-2.192) and 1.074 (range: 0.033-2.114) respectively. The age-specific SEPIAR model was more representative of the actual epidemic of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005-2019. Conclusions For mumps control, it is recommended that mumps-containing vaccines (MuCV) coverage be increased nationwide in the 5-9 years age group, either by a mumps vaccine alone or by a combination of vaccines such as measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The coverage of vaccines in Jilin Province should be continuously expanded to establish solid immunity in the population. China needs to redefine the optimal time interval for MuCV immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinglong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Tianmu Chen
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Yanhua Su
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Kordsmeyer AC, Mojtahedzadeh N, Heidrich J, Militzer K, von Münster T, Belz L, Jensen HJ, Bakir S, Henning E, Heuser J, Klein A, Sproessel N, Ekkernkamp A, Ehlers L, de Boer J, Kleine-Kampmann S, Dirksen-Fischer M, Plenge-Bönig A, Harth V, Oldenburg M. Systematic Review on Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on Cruise, Navy and Cargo Ships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5195. [PMID: 34068311 PMCID: PMC8153346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The confined environment of a ship promotes the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to close contact among the population on board. The study aims to provide an overview of outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on board of cruise, navy or cargo ships, to identify relevant outbreak management techniques, related problems and to derive recommendations for prevention. Four databases were searched. The study selection included reports about seroprevalences or clinically/laboratory confirmed infections of SARS-CoV-2 on board ships between the first of January, 2020 and the end of July, 2020. A total of 37 studies were included of whom 33 reported outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on cruise ships (27 studies referred to the Diamond Princess). Two studies considered outbreaks on the Grand Princess, three studies informed about Nile River cruises and one study about the MS Westerdam (mention of multiple outbreaks possible in one study). Additionally, three studies reported outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on navy vessels and one study referred to a cargo ship. Problems in handling outbreaks resulted from a high number of asymptomatic infections, transportation issues, challenges in communication or limited access to health care. Responsible operators need to implement infection control measures which should be described in outbreak management plans for ships to prevent transmission risks, including, e.g., education, testing strategies, communication lines, social distancing and hygiene regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Kordsmeyer
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Natascha Mojtahedzadeh
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Jan Heidrich
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Kristina Militzer
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Thomas von Münster
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Lukas Belz
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Jensen
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Sinan Bakir
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (E.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (N.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Esther Henning
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (E.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (N.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Julian Heuser
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (E.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (N.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Angelina Klein
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (E.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (N.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Nadine Sproessel
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (E.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (N.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Axel Ekkernkamp
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitative Medicine, Medical University Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (E.H.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (N.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Lena Ehlers
- Hamburg Port Health Center (HPHC), Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20537 Hamburg, Germany; (L.E.); (J.d.B.); (S.K.-K.); (M.D.-F.)
| | - Jens de Boer
- Hamburg Port Health Center (HPHC), Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20537 Hamburg, Germany; (L.E.); (J.d.B.); (S.K.-K.); (M.D.-F.)
| | - Scarlett Kleine-Kampmann
- Hamburg Port Health Center (HPHC), Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20537 Hamburg, Germany; (L.E.); (J.d.B.); (S.K.-K.); (M.D.-F.)
| | - Martin Dirksen-Fischer
- Hamburg Port Health Center (HPHC), Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20537 Hamburg, Germany; (L.E.); (J.d.B.); (S.K.-K.); (M.D.-F.)
| | - Anita Plenge-Bönig
- Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20539 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Marcus Oldenburg
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (T.v.M.); (L.B.); (H.-J.J.); (V.H.); (M.O.)
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Fernandes EG, Santos JDS, Sato HK. Outbreak investigation in cargo ship in times of COVID-19 crisis, Port of Santos, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2020; 54:34. [PMID: 32236385 PMCID: PMC7100949 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports
of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered
to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and
define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected
cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The
investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a
public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance
entities cooperated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Gatti Fernandes
- Divisão de Imunização, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo Brasil
| | - Janice da Silva Santos
- Grupo de Vigilância Epidemiológica Santos - GVE XXV, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo Brasil
| | - Helena Keico Sato
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo Brasil
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The Impact of Human Mobility on Regional and Global Efforts to Control HIV Transmission. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010067. [PMID: 31935811 PMCID: PMC7019949 DOI: 10.3390/v12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV prevention and control methods are implemented on different scales to reduce the spread of the virus amongst populations. However, despite such efforts, HIV continues to persist in populations with a global incidence rate of 1.8 million in 2017 alone. The introduction of new infections into susceptible regional populations promotes the spread of HIV, indicating a crucial need to study the impact of migration and mobility on regional and global efforts to prevent HIV transmission. Here we reviewed studies that assess the impact of human mobility on HIV transmission and spread. We found an important role for both travel and migration in driving the spread of HIV across regional and national borders. Combined, our results indicate that even in the presence of control and preventive efforts, if migration and travel are occurring, public health efforts will need to remain persistent to ensure that new infections do not grow into outbreaks.
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Sriwijitalai W, Wiwanitkit V. Wuhan seafood market, diamond princess cruise, and daegu shincheonji church of jesus: Important places in the timeline of coronavirus disease-19 outbreak. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_62_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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