1
|
Thomas JT, Joseph B, Varghese S, Thomas NG, Kamalasanan Vijayakumary B, Sorsa T, Anil S, Waltimo T. Association between metabolic syndrome and salivary MMP-8, myeloperoxidase in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38852177 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers' matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with periodontitis. METHODS A total of 120 participants aged 25-55 were categorized into three groups: MetS with periodontitis (n = 40); systemically healthy with periodontitis (n = 40); and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (n = 40). Data collected included systemic parameters like waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Periodontal parameters estimated included bleeding on probing score (BoP), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the number of missing teeth. Unstimulated whole saliva was analyzed via ELISA for active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), total MMP-8 (tMMP-8), and MPO. RESULTS Participants with MetS and periodontitis exhibited significantly higher periodontal parameters, salivary aMMP-8, and MPO (26.26 vs. 24.1 ng/mL and 13.53 vs. 11.55 ng/mL compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients) (all p < 0.01). Positive correlations occurred between aMMP-8 and WC, TG, and FBS (p < 0.01), and between MPO and WC, BP, and TG (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The positive associations between these biomarkers and metabolic parameters indicate their potential utility for monitoring cardiovascular and glycemic risk in patients with periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Toby Thomas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Betsy Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sajit Varghese
- Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Nebu George Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Health and Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campos JR, Martins CC, Faria SFS, Carvalho AP, Pereira AG, Costa FO, Cota LOM. Association between components of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5557-5574. [PMID: 35716205 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in the association with periodontitis (PE) (#CRD42020218310). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic electronic search was performed in PUBMED, Scielo and Lilacs databases up to April 2022. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies presenting data on the association between MetS and PE in the adult and elderly populations were included. A random effect meta-analysis was performed to determine association effect estimates. Results interpretation followed the assessment of methodological quality (Joana Briggs Institute tool) together with the certainty of evidence (GRADE approach). RESULTS This review included 52 studies, totalling 140,434 participants, and 38 studies were meta-analyzed. Association between PE and MetS was observed (ORadj from 1.27 to 1.90; PRajd = 1.19; RRadj from 1.10 to 1.37) (low and very low certainty of evidence). Hyperglycaemia (OR = 1.18), HDL (OR = 1.16), obesity (OR = 1.08), and hypertension (OR = 1.11) were associated with PE, except triglycerides (low and very low certainty of evidence). There was a dose-response gradient between the number of MetS components and PE, with a gradual increase in the effect magnitude for 1 (OR = 1.14), 2 (OR = 1.52), 3 or more (OR = 1.79), and 4 or 5 components (OR = 2.02) (low to high certainty of evidence). CONCLUSIONS MetS was associated with PE, with a dose-response gradient between the number of MetS components and the occurrence of PE, with an increasing effect magnitude according to an increasing number of components. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontal examination should be part of a comprehensive propaedeutic approach of MetS patients, particularly those presenting a great number of components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julya Ribeiro Campos
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue 6627, Pampulha. PO Box 359, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandro Felipe Santos Faria
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue 6627, Pampulha. PO Box 359, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Carvalho
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue 6627, Pampulha. PO Box 359, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Godinho Pereira
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue 6627, Pampulha. PO Box 359, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue 6627, Pampulha. PO Box 359, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue 6627, Pampulha. PO Box 359, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kotin J, Walther C, Wenzel U, Zyriax BC, Borof K, Schnabel RB, Seedorf U, Jagodzinski A, Heydecke G, Lamprecht R, Smeets R, Beikler T, Aarabi G. Association between periodontitis and the metabolic syndrome in the Hamburg City Health Study. J Periodontol 2021; 93:1150-1160. [PMID: 34967009 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated an association between severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, these studies mostly employed the meanwhile outdated NCEP-ATPIII case definition of the MetS. Additionally, CP was rarely diagnosed based on a full-mouth examination. Thus, the aim of the current study was to re-evaluate the potential association between CP and the MetS in the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS), a large population-based survey of middle-aged and elderly men and women in Germany, in view of more current definitions of the MetS and CP. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with baseline-data from participants of the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS). Periodontitis severity grades were determined in a random sample of 6,209 participants of which 5,456 had sufficient data to call absence or presence of the MetS. Variables defining the MetS according to the currently valid harmonized definition were determined and a full-mouth examination was performed, including determination of the clinical attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and dental plaque (PI) index. CP was classified in three grades of severity (none/mild, moderate, and severe). The Kruskal-Wallis test or the Chi-squared test were used for descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models with and without adjustments for potential confounders (age, sex, smoking, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), energy intake, and physical activity) were used to test for associations. RESULTS The prevalence of the MetS (39.0%) increased according to the severity grades of periodontitis (none/mild: 33.6%; moderate: 38.7%, and severe: 46.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that severe but not moderate CP was associated with the MetS after adjusting for age and sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.48; p = 0.02). However, the association was attenuated after additional adjustment for smoking (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.99-1.43; p = 0.058) and hsCRP, energy intake, and physical activity (OR: 1.11; 95% CI 0.91-1.36; p = 0.294). CONCLUSIONS The use of the more current definitions for the MetS and CP confirmed previous observations of an age- and sex-adjusted association between severe CP and the MetS. Smoking, high energy intake and low physical activity were identified as important lifestyle-related confounders. Abdominal obesity, as indicated by elevated waist circumference, came out as the most important component of the MetS in relation to CP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kotin
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Walther
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wenzel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science - Health Care Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borof
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Jagodzinski
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ragna Lamprecht
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song E, Park MJ, Kim JA, Roh E, Yu JH, Kim NH, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi KM. Implication of thyroid function in periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22127. [PMID: 34764408 PMCID: PMC8586139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Possible links between periodontitis and various cardiometabolic and autoimmune diseases have been advocated on the basis of chronic inflammation or oxidative stress. However, the association between periodontitis and thyroid dysfunction is under-researched. Participants without previous thyroid disease or ongoing thyroid-related medication were included from a nationwide population-level survey. Participants were categorized into tertiles of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (first tertile < 1.76 mIU/L; second tertile 1.76-2.83 mIU/L; third tertile > 2.83 mIU/L), and periodontal condition was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Of the total of 5468 participants, 1423 had periodontitis (26%). A significant difference in the weighted prevalence of periodontitis according to TSH tertiles was observed, with the highest prevalence in the first tertile (26.5%) and the lowest prevalence in the third tertile (20.9%, p = 0.003). Subjects in the first TSH tertile had higher odds for periodontitis than those in the third tertile (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.68; p for trend = 0.005) after adjusting for covariates. This association was consistent across subgroups and within sensitivity analyses among subjects without specific factors affecting thyroid function or diseases reported to be related to periodontitis. The present study demonstrated that low TSH levels were associated with significantly higher odds for periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyun Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sayeed G, Varghese SS. Association Between Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:609-625. [PMID: 35036370 PMCID: PMC8713494 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_168_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal diseases (PDs) have shown a bidirectional and vice versa relationship. Hence, this study aimed to identify the extent and magnitude between MetS and PDs in females. Materials and Methods: A published literature was explored by considering case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that involved patients with measurements of MetS and PD. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases were used for the search. This study examined the relationship between the MetS and PD among females. Results: Of the initial 4150 titles screened, a total of 37 reported papers were eligible for quantitative review. A gender-wise analysis of the findings revealed a crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.385 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.043–1.839, I2 = 94.61%, P < 0.001] for the females relative to the average OR of 1.54 (95% CI: 1.39–1.71, I2 = 90.95%, P < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis for directionality in females revealed the crude ORs of 1.28 (95% CI: 0.91–1.79, I2 = 96.44%, P < 0.001) for the relationship between PD and MetS, whereas an OR of 2.12 (95% CI: 0.78–5.73, I2 = 88.31%, P < 0.001) was found between MetS and PDs. Conclusion: This study lacks convincing proof of a link between MetS and PDs in females when compared with an overall association between MetS and PDs. Directionality indicated higher odds of linking between MetS and PD than PD and MetS among females. Further longitudinal and treatment trials are needed to confirm the association among females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghousia Sayeed
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheeja S Varghese
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han JH, Park JW, Han KD, Park JB, Kim M, Lee JH. Smoking and Periodontitis Can Play a Synergistic Role in the Development of Psoriasis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Dermatology 2021; 238:554-561. [PMID: 34535604 DOI: 10.1159/000518296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the periodontium. The precise nature of the association between periodontitis and psoriasis has not been determined. OBJECTIVE This nationwide population-based study investigated the relationship between periodontitis and the risk of psoriasis. METHODS A health screening database, which is a sub-dataset of the Korean National Health Insurance System database, was used in this study. Subjects with (n = 1,063,004) and without (n = 8,655,587) periodontitis who underwent health examinations from January to December 2009 were followed for 9 years. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, compared to the non-periodontitis group, periodontitis patients had a significantly higher risk of developing psoriasis (hazard ratio 1.116, 95% confidence interval 1.101-1.13). Non-smokers with periodontitis had an 11% increase in risk of psoriasis and smokers with periodontitis had a 26.5% increase in risk of psoriasis compared to non-smokers without periodontitis. CONCLUSION Our study highlights periodontitis as a potential independent risk factor for psoriasis, increasing awareness of the synergistic role of smoking and periodontitis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santoso CMA, Ketti F, Bramantoro T, Zsuga J, Nagy A. Association between Oral Hygiene and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2873. [PMID: 34203460 PMCID: PMC8269064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked poor oral hygiene to metabolic syndrome (MetS), but previously, no summary of evidence has been conducted on the topic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the associations of oral hygiene status and care with MetS. A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to 17 March 2021, and examination of reference lists was conducted to identify eligible observational studies. A random-effects model was applied to pool the effects of oral hygiene status and care on MetS. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient methodological quality. Good oral hygiene status (OR = 0.30 (0.13-0.66); I2 = 91%), frequent tooth brushing (OR = 0.68 (0.58-0.80); I2 = 89%), and frequent interdental cleaning (OR = 0.89 (0.81-0.99); I2 = 27%) were associated with a lower risk of MetS. Only one study examined the association between dental visits and MetS (OR = 1.10 (0.77-1.55)). Our findings suggested that there might be inverse associations of oral hygiene status, tooth-brushing frequency, and interdental cleaning with MetS. However, substantial heterogeneity for tooth-brushing frequency and inconsistent results for oral hygiene status in subgroup analyses were observed. There was insufficient evidence for the association between dental visits and MetS. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.A.S.); (F.K.); (J.Z.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fera Ketti
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.A.S.); (F.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Judit Zsuga
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.A.S.); (F.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Attila Nagy
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.M.A.S.); (F.K.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
González-Navarro B, Segura-Egea JJ, Estrugo-Devesa A, Pintó-Sala X, Jane-Salas E, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, López-López J. Relationship between Apical Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Events: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103205. [PMID: 33020413 PMCID: PMC7600401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Both apical periodontitis (AP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), the main cause of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of AP and the oral inflammatory burden in control subjects and patients suffering cardiovascular events, analyzing the possible association between AP and the oral inflammatory burden with MetS. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 83 patients suffering a cardiovascular event were recruited in the study group (SG), and 48 patients without cardiovascular events were included in the control group (CG). Periapical index (PAI) was used to diagnose AP, and total dental index (TDI) was used to assess the total oral inflammatory burden. Diagnosis of MetS was made by meeting three or more American Heart Association Scientific Statement components. Results: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of teeth with AP (OR = 2.3; 95% C.I. = 1.3–4.3; p = 0.006) and TDI scores (OR = 1.5; 95% C.I. = 1.2–1.9; p = 0.001), significantly correlated with cardiovascular events. MetS was strongly associated (OR = 18.0; 95% C.I. = 6.5–49.7; p = 0000) with cardiovascular events. Higher TDI scores were significantly associated with MetS (OR = 1.3; 95% C.I. = 1.1–1.6; p = 0.003. Neither the number of root-filled teeth (RFT) (OR = 0.9; 95% C.I. = 0.6–1.3; p = 0.61) nor the number of teeth with apical periodontitis (OR = 1.1; 95% C.I. = 0.8–1.7; p = 0.49) were associated with MetS. Conclusions: Apical periodontitis is significantly associated with cardiovascular events. Total oral inflammatory burden assessed by TDI, but not AP alone, is associated with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González-Navarro
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.C.J.-S.); (D.C.-B.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.-E.); (J.L.-L.); Tel.: +34-606457362 (J.L.-L.)
| | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó-Sala
- Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Enric Jane-Salas
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.C.J.-S.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.C.J.-S.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - José López-López
- Department of Odontostomatolgy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Dentistry)—Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-N.); (A.E.-D.); (E.J.-S.)
- Oral Health and Masticatory System Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, (IDIBELL), 08970 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Head of the Odontological Hospital University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08970 L’Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.-E.); (J.L.-L.); Tel.: +34-606457362 (J.L.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176310. [PMID: 32872648 PMCID: PMC7504558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine if oral hygiene influences not only oral health but also potentially metabolic disorders such as overweight or obesity. Participants were 94 patients: 40 with increased body mass and 54 with normal body mass. The methods included dental examination, a questionnaire concerning hygienic habits and an assessment of selected salivary inflammatory markers. The new parameter named “cleaning index” (describing the interaction between average time of tooth brushing in minutes and its frequency per day) significantly correlated with Body Mass Index (RSpearman = 0.300). The multivariate regression model incorporating cleaning index, approximal plaque index, receptor 1 for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα-R1) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) had a high power to predict overweight or obesity (AUC = 0.894). Patients with poor oral hygiene (approximal plaque index >40%) were more than eight times more likely to suffer from obesity than patients with good oral hygiene. Cleaning index higher than 4 decreased the odds by about 85%. Oral hygiene habits, adjusted by salivary concentrations of selected inflammatory markers may allow predicting effectively overweight or obesity risk. Early proper dental prophylaxis and treatment could lead to the better prevention of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bandiwadekar AS, Shanbhag N, Madhuniranjanswamy MS, Khanagar SB, Naik S, Siddeeqh S. Association of Periodontitis With Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:458-465. [PMID: 33042888 PMCID: PMC7523929 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_91_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken to assess the association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was designed among 100 cases as patients with metabolic syndrome aged 35–74 years, and age- and sex-matched 100 controls as apparently healthy relatives or friends accompanying the cases visiting the diabetic outpatient department at Victoria Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, using convenience sampling method. Information related to diabetes, hypertension, and oral hygiene practices was collected. Periodontal health status was measured using community periodontal index. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Significantly more number of cases had shallow pockets 4–5 mm, deep pockets ≥ 6 mm, and also more number of loss of attachment code 1, code 2, code 3, and code 4 compared to controls. Bivariate analysis showed significant association between metabolic syndrome and body mass index, smoking, and tobacco chewing. The association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome was significant with increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome among the subjects with community periodontal index code 3 and code 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 17) and among the subjects having loss of attachment code 1, code 2, code 3, and code 4 (OR = 12). Association remained significant even after adjustment with other variables (adjusted OR = 6). Conclusion: This study showed significant association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome. Further prospective and randomized control trials are recommended to assess causal association between these two diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Namita Shanbhag
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Balappa Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Naik
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Siddeeqh
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Obaida MI, Al-Nakhli AK, Arif IA, Faden A, Al-Otaibi S, Al-Eid B, Ekhzaimy A, Khan HA. Molecular identification and diversity analysis of dental bacteria in diabetic and non-diabetic females from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:358-362. [PMID: 31889858 PMCID: PMC6933233 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease, which is characterized by the damaged dental hard tissue by lactic acid generated by microorganisms after the fermentation of carbohydrates rich diet. The risk of periodontal disease is known to be higher in diabetic patients. We compared the diversity of five commonly occurring dental bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in 14 type-2 diabetic patients and equal numbers of healthy controls. The subgingival samples were collected using sterile paper points. We used 16S rRNA sequence specific primers for PCR-based identification of dental bacteria. Our results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans was completely absent in control subjects but present in 43% of diabetic patients. C. ochracea was highly prevalent in diabetic patients (100%) as compared to controls (28.5%). The frequency of other three bacterial species was also higher in diabetic patients than control subjects. These findings indicate that dental bacteria are highly prevalent in subgingival pockets of diabetic patients. Therefore, proper monitoring of diabetic patients for dental care is important to prevent bacterial growth and its sequela in risky individuals. Further case-control studies using larger sample size would help in validating the association between oral diseases and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I. Al-Obaida
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa K.M. Al-Nakhli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Arif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Faden
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Al-Otaibi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Al-Eid
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Ekhzaimy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg. 5, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gobin R, Tian D, Liu Q, Wang J. Periodontal Diseases and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:336. [PMID: 32582028 PMCID: PMC7296056 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are two major global health problems that are widely prevalent in the world, although the former is a common infection in developing countries and the latter is a non-infectious but prevalent disease in developed countries. This study aims to provide an updated review on the existence and magnitude of the relationship between periodontal disease and the risk of MetS. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases for original studies assessing the association between periodontitis and MetS published before August 2019. We calculated the pooled crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) together with the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate the strength of this association. Subgroup analysis was performed by considering the diagnostic method or the country where the studies were performed. Results: We identified 43 potentially eligible articles for this systematic review, including 32 cross-sectional studies, eight case-control studies, and three cohort studies. Among them, 39 articles presented enough information to be included in the meta-analysis. The pooled crude and adjusted ORs were 1.99 (95% CI: 1.75-2.25) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.31-1.61), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a consistent relation stratified by either the diagnostic method or the country where the studies were performed. The pooled OR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.41-2.00) for Japan, 1.75 (95% CI: 1.31-2.34) for the USA, 1.81 (95% CI: 1.35-2.42) for Korea, and 2.29 (95% CI: 1.53-3.41) for China. Conclusion: Our results provide compelling evidence for the association between periodontitis and MetS. Patients with periodontal disease are a critical screening population for MetS. We also recommend that people exhibiting components of MetS should receive a periodontal check-up and pay attention to their oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romila Gobin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wang
| |
Collapse
|