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Sun Z, Han Z, Zhu D. How does air pollution threaten mental health? Protocol for a machine-learning enhanced systematic map. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e071209. [PMID: 38245011 PMCID: PMC10806688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution exposure has influenced a broad range of mental health conditions. It has attracted research from multiple disciplines such as biomedical sciences, epidemiology, neurological science, and social science due to its importance for public health, with implications for environmental policies. Establishing and identifying the causal and moderator effects is challenging and is particularly concerning considering the different mental health measurements, study designs and data collection strategies (eg, surveys, interviews) in different disciplines. This has created a fragmented research landscape which hinders efforts to integrate key insights from different niches, and makes it difficult to identify current research trends and gaps. METHOD AND ANALYSIS This systematic map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence's guidelines and standards and Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses guidelines. Different databases and relevant web-based search engines will be used to collect the relevant literature. The time period of search strategies is conducted from the inception of the database until November 2022. Citation tracing and backward references snowballing will be used to identify additional studies. Data will be extracted by combining of literature mining and manual correction. Data coding for each article will be completed by two independent reviewers and conflicts will be reconciled between them. Machine learning technology will be applied throughout the systematic mapping process. Literature mining will rapidly screen and code the numerous available articles, enabling the breadth and diversity of the expanding literature base to be considered. The systematic map output will be provided as a publicly available database. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Primary data will not be collected and ethical approval is not required in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed scientific journal and academic conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanlan Sun
- High-Quality Development Evaluation Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Han
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demi Zhu
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Yan L, Long H, Yang L, Wang J, Liu Y, Pu J, Liu L, Zhong X, Xin J. Occupational Differences in Psychological Distress Between Chinese Dentists and Dental Nurses. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923626. [PMID: 35846642 PMCID: PMC9285401 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doctors and allied health professionals are facing serious mental health issues, which have received widespread attention. This study aimed to explore the occupational differences in psychological distress between Chinese dentists and dental nurses. Materials and Methods The data was collected from a cross-sectional study conducted by the Chongqing Stomatological Association. Medical personnel involved in this survey were invited to complete a battery of self-administrated questionnaires, specifically the General Health Questionnaire-12, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and career choice regret scale. Data on demographic characteristics and working conditions were also collected. The results of these questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS (version 23.0). Univariate and multivariable analyzes were conducted to explore the influencing factors. Results A total of 3,020 valid questionnaires, including 1,855 dentists and 1,165 dental nurses, were collected from 11 provinces of China. In general, 23.8% of responders exhibited psychological distress. The rate of dentists was 25.7%, and that of dental nurses was 20.8%. The prevalence was 4.9% higher in dentists than in dental nurses (P < 0.05). The multivariable analysis showed that factors associated with psychological distress for dentists were lower income, burnout, high job stress, career-choice regret, and lack of sufficient personal time, and that for dental nurses were age, lower income, longer working hours per week, burnout, high job stress, low job satisfaction, lack of sufficient personal time, and poor medical environment. Conclusion The prevalence of psychological distress was relatively high among dental medical staff, and dentists showed a higher prevalence than dental nurses. Nurses have more risk factors for psychological distress than dentists. These results indicate that it is necessary to monitor the mental health status of dental medical staff and implement accurate strategies for dentists and dental nurses to promote their physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yan
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqing Long
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Jin,
| | - Jin Xin
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Stomatological Association, Chongqing, China
- Xiaogang Zhong,
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Bann D, Wright L, Cole TJ. Risk factors relate to the variability of health outcomes as well as the mean: A GAMLSS tutorial. eLife 2022; 11:72357. [PMID: 34985412 PMCID: PMC8791632 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk factors or interventions may affect the variability as well as the mean of health outcomes. Understanding this can aid aetiological understanding and public health translation, in that interventions which shift the outcome mean and reduce variability are typically preferable to those which affect only the mean. However, most commonly used statistical tools do not test for differences in variability. Tools that do have few epidemiological applications to date, and fewer applications still have attempted to explain their resulting findings. We thus provide a tutorial for investigating this using GAMLSS (Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape). Methods: The 1970 British birth cohort study was used, with body mass index (BMI; N = 6007) and mental wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale; N = 7104) measured in midlife (42–46 years) as outcomes. We used GAMLSS to investigate how multiple risk factors (sex, childhood social class, and midlife physical inactivity) related to differences in health outcome mean and variability. Results: Risk factors were related to sizable differences in outcome variability—for example males had marginally higher mean BMI yet 28% lower variability; lower social class and physical inactivity were each associated with higher mean and higher variability (6.1% and 13.5% higher variability, respectively). For mental wellbeing, gender was not associated with the mean while males had lower variability (–3.9%); lower social class and physical inactivity were each associated with lower mean yet higher variability (7.2% and 10.9% higher variability, respectively). Conclusions: The results highlight how GAMLSS can be used to investigate how risk factors or interventions may influence the variability in health outcomes. This underutilised approach to the analysis of continuously distributed outcomes may have broader utility in epidemiologic, medical, and psychological sciences. A tutorial and replication syntax is provided online to facilitate this (https://osf.io/5tvz6/). Funding: DB is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/M001660/1), The Academy of Medical Sciences / Wellcome Trust (“Springboard Health of the Public in 2040” award: HOP001/1025); DB and LW are supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/V002147/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J Cole
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Vloo A, Alessie R, Mierau J. Gender differences in the mental health impact of the COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal evidence from the Netherlands. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100878. [PMID: 34471666 PMCID: PMC8387764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent contributions highlighted gender differences in the mental health consequences of COVID-19 lockdowns. However, their cross-sectional designs cannot differentiate between pre-existing gender differences and differences induced by lockdowns. Estimating fixed-effects models using longitudinal data from the Lifelines biobank and cohort study with repeated mental health measurements throughout the lockdown, we overcome this caveat. Significant gender differences in mental health during the lockdown were found, where women experienced more depression symptoms and disorders and men experienced more anxiety symptoms and disorders stemming from the lockdown. Policymakers need to keep in mind that the COVID-19 lockdowns have different effects on mental health for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vloo
- Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R.J.M. Alessie
- Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J.O. Mierau
- Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Pu X, Zeng M, Luo Y. The Effect of Business Cycles on Health Expenditure: A Story of Income Inequality in China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:653480. [PMID: 33816428 PMCID: PMC8012672 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the panel data of 31 regions in China from 2002 to 2018, this study aims to investigate the effect of business cycles on health expenditure from the role of income inequality. We find that health expenditure experiences a change from pro-cyclical to counter-cyclical with business cycles. Specifically, business cycles have a different influence on health expenditure before and after the financial crisis in 2008. Our findings also show that income inequality can moderate the impact of business cycles on health expenditure in China. More importantly, the role of income inequality in the above issue varies from different regions. We conclude that the government should try to take active steps to control health expenditure by decreasing income inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling Luo
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kessels R, Hoornweg A, Thanh Bui TK, Erreygers G. A distributional regression approach to income-related inequality of health in Australia. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:102. [PMID: 32571408 PMCID: PMC7310143 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have confirmed the existence of a significant positive relationship between income and health. Conventional regression techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares only help identify the effect of the covariates on the mean of the health variable. In this way, important information of the income-health relationship could be overlooked. As an alternative, we apply and compare unconventional regression techniques. Methods We adopt a distributional approach because we want to allow the effect of income on health to vary according to people’s health status. We start by analysing the income-health relationship using a distributional regression model that falls into the GAMLSS (Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape) framework. We assume a gamma distribution to model the health variable and specify the parameters of this distribution as linear functions of a set of explanatory variables. For comparison, we also adopt a quantile regression analysis. Based on predicted health quantiles, we use both a parametric and a non-parametric approach to estimate the lower tail of the health distribution. Results Our data come from Wave 13 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, collected in 2013-2014. According to GAMLSS, we find that the risk of ending up in poor, fair or average health is lower for those who have relatively high incomes ($80,000) than for those who have relatively low incomes ($20,000), for both smokers and non-smokers. In relative terms, the risk-lowering effect of income appears to be the largest for those who are in poor health, again for both smokers and non-smokers. The results obtained on the basis of quantile regression are to a large extent comparable to those obtained by means of GAMLSS regression. Conclusions Both distributional regression techniques point in the direction of a non-uniform effect of income on health, and are therefore promising complements to conventional regression techniques as far as the analysis of the income-health relationship is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselinde Kessels
- Department of Data Analytics and Digitalization, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, MD, The Netherlands. .,Department of Economics, University of Antwerp, City Campus, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.
| | - Anne Hoornweg
- School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15867, Amsterdam, 1001, NJ, The Netherlands
| | - Thi Kim Thanh Bui
- Department of Economics, University of Antwerp, City Campus, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.,School of Economics, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Guido Erreygers
- Department of Economics, University of Antwerp, City Campus, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.,Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Bouverie Street 207, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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