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Szalanczy AM, Fitzpatrick M, Beeson A, Bui T, Dyson C, Eller S, Landry J, Scott C, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Geurts AM, Weiner JL, Redei EE, Solberg Woods LC. Chronic stress from adolescence to adulthood increases adiposity and anxiety in rats with decreased expression of Krtcap3. Front Genet 2024; 14:1247232. [PMID: 38323241 PMCID: PMC10844407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1247232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Keratinocyte-associated protein 3, Krtcap3, as a novel adiposity gene, but subsequently found that its impact on adiposity may depend on environmental stress. To more thoroughly understand the connection between Krtcap3, adiposity, and stress, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Krtcap3 knock-out (KO) rats to chronic stress then measured adiposity and behavioral outcomes. We found that KO rats displayed lower basal stress than WT rats under control conditions and exhibited metabolic and behavioral responses to chronic stress exposure. Specifically, stress-exposed KO rats gained more weight, consumed more food when socially isolated, and displayed more anxiety-like behaviors relative to control KO rats. Meanwhile, there were minimal differences between control and stressed WT rats. At study conclusion stress-exposed KO rats had increased corticosterone (CORT) relative to control KO rats with no differences between WT rats. In addition, KO rats, independent of prior stress exposure, had an increased CORT response to removal of their cage-mate (psychosocial stress), which was only seen in WT rats when exposed to chronic stress. Finally, we found differences in expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, Nr3c1, in the pituitary and colon between control and stress-exposed KO rats that were not present in WT rats. These data support that Krtcap3 expression affects stress response, potentially via interactions with Nr3c1, with downstream effects on adiposity and behavior. Future work is necessary to more thoroughly understand the role of Krtcap3 in the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M. Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Angela Beeson
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Trangdai Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina Dyson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Seth Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Landry
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeff L. Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Eva E. Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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Apsley AT, Lee SA, Bhat AC, Rush J, Almeida DM, Cole SW, Shalev I. Affective reactivity to daily stressors and immune cell gene expression in the MIDUS study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:80-88. [PMID: 37797778 PMCID: PMC10841912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective reactivity to stress is a person-level measurement of how well an individual copes with daily stressors. A common method of measuring affective reactivity entails the estimation of within-person differences of either positive or negative affect on days with and without stressors present. Individuals more reactive to common stressors, as evidenced by affective reactivity measurements, have been shown to have increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory markers. While affective reactivity has previously been associated with inflammatory markers, the upstream mechanistic links underlying these associations are unknown. Using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher study (N = 195; 52% female; 84% white), we quantified daily stress processes over 10 days and determined individuals' positive and negative affective reactivities to stressors. We then examined affective reactivity association with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression of the immune-related conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Results indicated that individuals with a greater decrease in positive affect to daily stressors exhibited heightened PBMC JUNB expression after Bonferroni corrections (p-adjusted < 0.05). JUNB encodes a protein that acts as a transcription factor which regulates many aspects of the immune response, including inflammation and cell proliferation. Due to its critical role in the activation of macrophages and maintenance of CD4+ T-cells during inflammation, JUNB may serve as a potential upstream mechanistic target for future studies of the connection between affective reactivity and inflammatory processes. Overall, our findings provide evidence that affective reactivity to stress is associated with levels of immune cell gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner T Apsley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sun Ah Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Aarti C Bhat
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Jonathan Rush
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Steven W Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Zhang X, Eladawi MA, Ryan WG, Fan X, Prevoznik S, Devale T, Ramnani B, Malathi K, Sibille E, Mccullumsmith R, Tomoda T, Shukla R. Ribosomal dysregulation: A conserved pathophysiological mechanism in human depression and mouse chronic stress. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad299. [PMID: 37822767 PMCID: PMC10563789 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to the heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) presentation remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for a conceptual framework that can explain this variability and bridge the gap between animal models and clinical endpoints. Here, we hypothesize that comparative analysis of molecular data from different experimental systems of chronic stress, and MDD has the potential to provide insight into these mechanisms and address this gap. Thus, we compared transcriptomic profiles of brain tissue from postmortem MDD subjects and from mice exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) to identify orthologous genes. Ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) were down-regulated, and associated ribosomal protein (RP) pseudogenes were up-regulated in both conditions. A seeded gene co-expression analysis using altered RPGs common between the MDD and CVS groups revealed that down-regulated RPGs homeostatically regulated the synaptic changes in both groups through a RP-pseudogene-driven mechanism. In vitro analysis demonstrated that the RPG dysregulation was a glucocorticoid-driven endocrine response to stress. In silico analysis further demonstrated that the dysregulation was reversed during remission from MDD and selectively responded to ketamine but not to imipramine. This study provides the first evidence that ribosomal dysregulation during stress is a conserved phenotype in human MDD and chronic stress-exposed mouse. Our results establish a foundation for the hypothesis that stress-induced alterations in RPGs and, consequently, ribosomes contribute to the synaptic dysregulation underlying MDD and chronic stress-related mood disorders. We discuss the role of ribosomal heterogeneity in the variable presentations of depression and other mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre, Shreveport, LA 71105, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ali Eladawi
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - William George Ryan
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Stephen Prevoznik
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Trupti Devale
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Barkha Ramnani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Krishnamurthy Malathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Robert Mccullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Toshifumi Tomoda
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Kolb KL, Mira ALS, Auer ED, Bucco ID, de Lima e Silva CE, dos Santos PI, Hoch VBB, Oliveira LC, Hauser AB, Hundt JE, Shuldiner AR, Lopes FL, Boysen TJ, Franke A, Pinto LFR, Soares-Lima SC, Kretzschmar GC, Boldt ABW. Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene ( NR3C1) Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from the Mennonite Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1805. [PMID: 37761945 PMCID: PMC10530687 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with polymorphisms and the methylation degree of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and is potentially involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In order to evaluate the association between MetS with the polymorphisms, methylation, and gene expression of the NR3C1 in the genetically isolated Brazilian Mennonite population, we genotyped 20 NR3C1 polymorphisms in 74 affected (MetS) and 138 unaffected individuals without affected first-degree relatives (Co), using exome sequencing, as well as five variants from non-exonic regions, in 70 MetS and 166 Co, using mass spectrometry. The methylation levels of 11 1F CpG sites were quantified using pyrosequencing (66 MetS and 141 Co), and the NR3C1 expression was evaluated via RT-qPCR (14 MetS and 25 Co). Age, physical activity, and family environment during childhood were associated with MetS. Susceptibility to MetS, independent of these factors, was associated with homozygosity for rs10482605*C (OR = 4.74, pcorr = 0.024) and the haplotype containing TTCGTTGATT (rs3806855*T_ rs3806854*T_rs10482605*C_rs10482614*G_rs6188*T_rs258813*T_rs33944801*G_rs34176759*A_rs17209258*T_rs6196*T, OR = 4.74, pcorr = 0.048), as well as for the CCT haplotype (rs41423247*C_ rs6877893*C_rs258763*T), OR = 6.02, pcorr = 0.030), but not to the differences in methylation or gene expression. Thus, NR3C1 polymorphisms seem to modulate the susceptibility to MetS in Mennonites, independently of lifestyle and early childhood events, and their role seems to be unrelated to DNA methylation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Liedtke Kolb
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Sprotte Mira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Delabio Auer
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Dall’Oglio Bucco
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Carla Eduarda de Lima e Silva
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Priscila Ianzen dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic Department, UFPR, Rua General Carneiro, 181, 11th Floor, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Valéria Bumiller-Bini Hoch
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Luana Caroline Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Aline Borsato Hauser
- Laboratory School of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil;
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee, 160, Haus 32, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA;
| | - Fabiana Leão Lopes
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, RJ, Brazil
| | - Teide-Jens Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (T.-J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (T.-J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.R.P.); (S.C.S.-L.)
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.R.P.); (S.C.S.-L.)
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
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Leroux PA, Dissaux N, Le Reste JY, Bronsard G, Lavenne-Collot N. Association between Hpa Axis Functioning and Mental Health in Maltreated Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1344. [PMID: 37628343 PMCID: PMC10453675 DOI: 10.3390/children10081344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that children who experience maltreatment show a more elevated risk of psychopathological disorders than children from the general population. The HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis is not mature at birth and undergoes strong social regulation during the first years of life. Consequently, early exposure to stress could modify the usual adaptative response to stress. In stressful situations, perturbations in both cortisol response and cortisol circadian rhythm have been observed. Nevertheless, studies that have evaluated the links between child abuse, dysregulation of the HPA axis, and mental disorders have shown diverse results. Because of the variety of methods employed in the different studies, no formal comparisons have been made. In this systematic review, we have brought together these results. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies analyzing the correlation between child abuse, mental disorders, and HPA axis activity in patients aged between 6 and 16 years. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria (from 2000 to 2020). RESULTS Fifteen studies from the 351 identified were included. Most patients were children in the child welfare system. Children who had experienced child abuse presented with more severe mental disorders (particularly in the dimensional measure) than children who had not been abused. HPA axis activity was assessed by measuring basal cortisol for some studies and cortisol reactivity for other studies. For children experiencing child abuse, there was a possible association between abuse and a decrease in the reactivity of the HPA axis. In addition, early life stress could be associated with lower matinal cortisol. However, the association between mental disorders and cortisol secretion in maltreated children did not seem obvious. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates that mental disorders are more frequent and severe in cases where child abuse has occurred. Moreover, children who experienced child abuse seem to present changes in the reactivity of the HPA axis. Nevertheless, the potential correlation between these changes in the reactivity of the HPA axis and mental disorders in this population needs to be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Leroux
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHRU, 29200 Brest, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Nolwenn Dissaux
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHRU, 29200 Brest, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Guillaume Bronsard
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHRU, 29200 Brest, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
- EA 7479, 29200 Brest, France
- Département de Sciences Humaines et Sociales, EA 3279 (CEReSS, AMU), 29200 Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Lavenne-Collot
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHRU, 29200 Brest, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
- Laboratoire du Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Inserm U1101, 29200 Brest, France
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Graves CL, Norloff E, Thompson D, Kosyk O, Sang Y, Chen A, Zannas AS, Wallet SM. Chronic early life stress alters the neuroimmune profile and functioning of the developing zebrafish gut. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100655. [PMID: 37449287 PMCID: PMC10336164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic early life stress (ELS) potently impacts the developing central nervous and immune systems and is associated with the onset of gastrointestinal disease in humans. Though the gut-brain axis is appreciated to be a major target of the stress response, the underlying mechanisms linking ELS to gut dysfunction later in life is incompletely understood. Zebrafish are a powerful model validated for stress research and have emerged as an important tool in delineating neuroimmune mechanisms in the developing gut. Here, we developed a novel model of ELS and utilized a comparative transcriptomics approach to assess how chronic ELS modulated expression of neuroimmune genes in the developing gut and brain. Zebrafish exposed to ELS throughout larval development exhibited anxiety-like behavior and altered expression of neuroimmune genes in a time- and tissue-dependent manner. Further, the altered gut neuroimmune profile, which included increased expression of genes associated with neuronal modulation, correlated with a reduction in enteric neuronal density and delayed gut transit. Together, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms linking ELS with gastrointestinal dysfunction and highlight the zebrafish model organism as a valuable tool in uncovering how "the body keeps the score."
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Graves
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Erik Norloff
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Darius Thompson
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yingning Sang
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anthony S. Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Carolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Mehta D, Kelly AB, Laurens KR, Haslam D, Williams KE, Walsh K, Baker PRA, Carter HE, Khawaja NG, Zelenko O, Mathews B. Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploration of Biopsychosocial Determinants and Implications for Prevention. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:421-435. [PMID: 34586552 PMCID: PMC8480117 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment rates remain unacceptably high and rates are likely to escalate as COVID-related economic problems continue. A comprehensive and evidence-building approach is needed to prevent, detect and intervene where child maltreatment occurs. This review identifies key challenges in definitions, overviews the latest data on prevalence rates, reviews risk and protective factors, and examines common long-term mental health outcomes for children who experience maltreatment. The review takes a systems approach to child maltreatment outcomes through its focus on the overall burden of disease, gene-environment interactions, neurobiological mechanisms and social ecologies linking maltreatment to mental ill-health. Five recommendations relating to the accurate measurement of trends, research on brain structures and processes, improving the reach and impact of teleservices for detecting, preventing and treating child maladjustment, community-based approaches, and building population-focused multidisciplinary alliances and think tanks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Divna Haslam
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate E. Williams
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerryann Walsh
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip R. A. Baker
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah E. Carter
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nigar G. Khawaja
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oksana Zelenko
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben Mathews
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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The role of DNA methylation in progression of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the prospect of using DNA methylation inhibitors as therapeutic agents for such disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:28-37. [PMID: 36590248 PMCID: PMC9794904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies related to neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have pointed to the role of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. DNA methylation machinery controls the dynamic regulation of methylation patterns in discrete brain regions. Objective This review aims to describe the role of DNA methylation in inhibiting and progressing neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and therapeutic approaches. Methods A Systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted for all qualified studies from 2000 to 2022. Results For the current need of time, we have focused on the DNA methylation role in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and the expression of genes involved in neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's, Depression, and Rett Syndrome. Finally, it appears that the various epigenetic changes do not occur separately and that DNA methylation and histone modification changes occur side by side and affect each other. We focused on the role of modification of DNA methylation in several genes associated with depression (NR3C1, NR3C2, CRHR1, SLC6A4, BDNF, and FKBP5), Rett syndrome (MECP2), Alzheimer's, depression (APP, BACE1, BIN1 or ANK1) and Parkinson's disease (SNCA), as well as the co-occurring modifications to histones and expression of non-coding RNAs. Understanding these epigenetic changes and their interactions will lead to better treatment strategies. Conclusion This review captures the state of understanding of the epigenetics of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. With new epigenetic mechanisms and targets undoubtedly on the horizon, pharmacological modulation and regulation of epigenetic processes in the brain holds great promise for therapy.
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Neonatal corticosterone administration increases p27-positive Sertoli cell number and decreases Sertoli cell number in the testes of mice at prepuberty. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19402. [PMID: 36371473 PMCID: PMC9653474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol and corticosterone (CORT) are steroid, antistress hormones and one of the glucocorticoids in humans and animals, respectively. This study evaluated the effects of CORT administration on the male reproductive system in early life stages. CORT was subcutaneously injected at 0.36 (low-), 3.6 (middle-), and 36 (high-dosed) mg/kg body weight from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 10 in ICR mice. We observed a dose-dependent increase in serum CORT levels on PND 10, and serum testosterone levels were significantly increased only in high-dosed-CORT mice. Triiodothyronine levels were significantly higher in the low-dosed mice but lower in the middle- and high-dosed mice. However, testicular weights did not change significantly among the mice. Sertoli cell numbers were significantly reduced in low- and middle-dosed mice, whereas p27-positive Sertoli cell numbers increased in low- and middle-dosed mice. On PND 16, significant increases in testicular and relative testicular weights were observed in all-dosed-CORT mice. On PND 70, a significant decrease in testicular weight, Sertoli cell number, and spermatozoa count was observed. These results revealed that increased serum CORT levels in early life stages could induce p27 expression in Sertoli cells and terminate Sertoli cell proliferation, leading to decreased Sertoli cell number in mouse testes.
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Chan RF, Copeland WE, Zhao M, Xie LY, Costello EJ, Aberg KA, van den Oord EJCG. A methylation study implicates the rewiring of brain neural circuits during puberty in the emergence of sex differences in depression symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:802-809. [PMID: 34541665 PMCID: PMC8933287 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are 1.5-3 times more likely to suffer from depression than men. This sex bias first emerges during puberty and then persists across the reproductive years. As the cause remains largely elusive, we performed a methylation-wide association study (MWAS) to generate novel hypotheses. METHODS We assayed nearly all 28 million possible methylation sites in blood in 595 blood samples from 487 participants aged 9-17. MWASs were performed to identify methylation sites associated with increasing sex differences in depression symptoms as a function of pubertal stage. Epigenetic deconvolution was applied to perform analyses on a cell-type specific level. RESULTS In monocytes, a substantial number of significant associations were detected after controlling the FDR at 0.05. These results could not be explained by plasma testosterone/estradiol or current/lifetime trauma. Our top results in monocytes were significantly enriched (ratio of 2.48) for genes in the top of a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of depression and neurodevelopment-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms that remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Focusing on our most robust findings (70 genes overlapping with the GWAS meta-analysis and the significant GO terms), we find genes coding for members of each of the major classes of axon guidance molecules (netrins, slits, semaphorins, ephrins, and cell adhesion molecules). Many of these genes were previously implicated in rodent studies of brain development and depression-like phenotypes, as well as human methylation, gene expression and GWAS studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the emergence of sex differences in depression may be related to the differential rewiring of brain circuits between boys and girls during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Chan
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - William E. Copeland
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington
| | - Min Zhao
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lin Ying Xie
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Karolina A. Aberg
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edwin JCG van den Oord
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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11
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Sun S, Sheridan M, Tyrka A, Donofry SD, Erickson K, Loucks E. Addressing the biological embedding of early life adversities (ELA) among adults through mindfulness: Proposed mechanisms and review of converging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104526. [PMID: 34998833 PMCID: PMC8844271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversities (ELA) are prevalent and have a profound and adverse impact across the lifespan, including on age-related health outcomes, yet interventions to remediate its adverse impact are scarce. This paper presents evidence for mindfulness training to reduce the elevated mental and physical health risks linked to ELA among adults by targeting biological mechanisms of ELA leading to these adverse health outcomes. We first provide a brief overview of ELA, its adverse health impacts, and mechanisms that might be responsible. Next, we review converging evidence that demonstrates that mindfulness training influences key biological pathways involved in ELA-linked negative health consequences, including (a) brain networks involved in self-regulation, (b) immunity and inflammation, (c) telomere biology, and (d) epigenetic modifications. Further, we review preliminary evidence from mindfulness-based trials that focused on populations impacted by ELA. We discuss limitations of this review and provide recommendations for future research. If effective, a mindfulness-based approach could be an important public health strategy for remediating the adverse mental and physical health consequences of ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, United States; Mindfulness Center at Brown University, United States.
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Audrey Tyrka
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School
| | | | - Kirk Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health,Mindfulness Center at Brown University
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW At elevated levels, the essential element manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic and increasing evidence indicates that environmental Mn exposure early in life negatively affects neurodevelopment. In this review, we describe how underlying genetics may confer susceptibility to elevated Mn concentrations and how the epigenetic effects of Mn may explain the association between Mn exposure early in life and its toxic effects later in life. RECENT FINDINGS Common polymorphisms in the Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 seem to have a large impact on intracellular Mn levels and, in turn, neurotoxicity. Genetic variation in iron regulatory genes may to lesser extent also influence Mn levels and toxicity. Recent studies on Mn and epigenetic mechanisms indicate that Mn-related changes in DNA methylation occur early in life. One human and two animal studies found persistent changes from in utero exposure to Mn but whether these changes have functional effects remains unknown. Genetics seems to play a major role in susceptibility to Mn toxicity and should therefore be considered in risk assessment. Mn appears to interfere with epigenetic processes, potentially leading to persistent changes in developmental programming, which warrants further study.
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Remes O, Mendes JF, Templeton P. Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34942936 PMCID: PMC8699555 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability, and, if left unmanaged, it can increase the risk for suicide. The evidence base on the determinants of depression is fragmented, which makes the interpretation of the results across studies difficult. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough synthesis of the literature assessing the biological, psychological, and social determinants of depression in order to piece together the puzzle of the key factors that are related to this condition. Titles and abstracts published between 2017 and 2020 were identified in PubMed, as well as Medline, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Key words relating to biological, social, and psychological determinants as well as depression were applied to the databases, and the screening and data charting of the documents took place. We included 470 documents in this literature review. The findings showed that there are a plethora of risk and protective factors (relating to biological, psychological, and social determinants) that are related to depression; these determinants are interlinked and influence depression outcomes through a web of causation. In this paper, we describe and present the vast, fragmented, and complex literature related to this topic. This review may be used to guide practice, public health efforts, policy, and research related to mental health and, specifically, depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Peter Templeton
- IfM Engage Limited, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
- The William Templeton Foundation for Young People’s Mental Health (YPMH), Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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14
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Wadji DL, Tandon T, Ketcha Wanda GJM, Wicky C, Dentz A, Hasler G, Morina N, Martin-Soelch C. Child maltreatment and NR3C1 exon 1 F methylation, link with deregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and psychopathology: A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105304. [PMID: 34488052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics offers one promising method for assessing the psychobiological response to stressful experiences during childhood. In particular, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation has been associated with an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the onset of mental disorders. Equally, there are promising leads regarding the association between the methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1-1F) and child maltreatment and its link with HPA axis and psychopathology. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to assess the evidence of a link among child maltreatment, NR3C1-1F methylation, HPA axis deregulation, and symptoms of psychopathology. METHODS We followed the Prisma guidelines and identified 11 articles that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS We found that eight studies (72.72%) reported increased NR3C1-1F methylation associated with child maltreatment, specifically physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence, while three studies (27.27%) found no significant association. Furthermore, a minority of studies (36.36%) provided additional measures of symptoms of psychopathology or cortisol in order to examine the link among NR3C1-1F methylation, HPA axis deregulation, and psychopathology in a situation of child maltreatment. These results suggest that NR3C1-1F hypermethylation is positively associated with higher HPA axis activity, i.e. increased production of cortisol, as well as symptoms of psychopathology, including emotional lability-negativity, externalizing behavior symptoms, and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION NR3C1-1F methylation could be one mechanism that links altered HPA axis activity with the development of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Wadji
- I-Reach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - T Tandon
- I-Reach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - G J M Ketcha Wanda
- Clinical psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - C Wicky
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Dentz
- I-Reach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - G Hasler
- Department of Psychiatric, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - N Morina
- Department of Consultant-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Martin-Soelch
- I-Reach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Borbély É, Simon M, Fuchs E, Wiborg O, Czéh B, Helyes Z. Novel drug developmental strategies for treatment-resistant depression. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1146-1186. [PMID: 34822719 PMCID: PMC9303797 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Because conventional therapies are ineffective in many patients, novel strategies are needed to overcome treatment‐resistant depression (TRD). Limiting factors of successful drug development in the last decades were the lack of (1) knowledge of pathophysiology, (2) translational animal models and (3) objective diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we review novel drug targets and drug candidates currently investigated in Phase I–III clinical trials. The most promising approaches are inhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission by NMDA and mGlu5 receptor antagonists, modulation of the opioidergic system by κ receptor antagonists, and hallucinogenic tryptamine derivates. The only registered drug for TRD is the NMDA receptor antagonist, S‐ketamine, but add‐on therapies with second‐generation antipsychotics, certain nutritive, anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective agents seem to be effective. Currently, there is an intense research focus on large‐scale, high‐throughput omics and neuroimaging studies. These results might provide new insights into molecular mechanisms and potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mária Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091092. [PMID: 34572278 PMCID: PMC8470044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) causes long-lasting changes in brain plasticity induced by the exposure to stress factors acting prenatally or in the early postnatal ontogenesis due to hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, development of neuroinflammation, aberrant neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and significant alterations in brain metabolism that lead to neurological deficits and higher susceptibility to development of brain disorders later in the life. As a key component of complex pathogenesis, ELS-mediated changes in brain metabolism associate with development of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of appropriate mitochondria quality control and mitochondrial dynamics, deregulation of metabolic reprogramming. These mechanisms are particularly critical for maintaining the pool and development of brain cells within neurogenic and angiogenic niches. In this review, we focus on brain mitochondria and energy metabolism related to tightly coupled neurogenic and angiogenic events in healthy and ELS-affected brain, and new opportunities to develop efficient therapeutic strategies aimed to restore brain metabolism and reduce ELS-induced impairments of brain plasticity.
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Ivanets NN, Svistunov AA, Chubarev VN, Kinkulkina MA, Tikhonova YG, Syzrantsev NS, Sologova SS, Ignatyeva NV, Mutig K, Tarasov VV. Can Molecular Biology Propose Reliable Biomarkers for Diagnosing Major Depression? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:305-318. [PMID: 33234092 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201124110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern medicine has provided considerable knowledge of the pathophysiology of mental disorders at the body, systemic, organ and neurochemical levels of the biological organization of the body. Modern clinical diagnostics of depression have some problems, that is why psychiatric society makes use of diagnostics and taxonomy of different types of depression by implemention of modern molecular biomarkers in diagnostic procedures. But up to now, there are no reliable biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other types of depression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to find fundamentals in pathological mechanisms of depression, which could be a basis for development of molecular and genetic biomarkers, being the most feasible for clinical use. METHOD This review summarizes the published data using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. RESULTS In this review, we summarized and discussed findings in molecular biology, genetics, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitters, and neuroimaging that could increase our understanding of the biological foundations of depression and show new directions for the development of reliable biomarkers. We did not find any molecular and genetic biomarker approved for the clinic. But the Genome-Wide Association Study method promises some progress in the development of biomarkers based on SNP in the future. Epigenetic factors also are a promising target for biomarkers. We have found some differences in the etiology of different types of atypical and melancholic depression. This knowledge could be the basis for development of biomarkers for clinical practice in diagnosis, prognosis and selection of treatment. CONCLUSION Depression is not a monoetiological disease. Many pathological mechanisms are involved in depression, thus up to now, there is no approved and reliable biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and correction of treatment of depression. The structural and functional complexity of the brain, the lack of invasive technology, poor correlations between genetic and clinical manifestation of depression, imperfect psychiatric classification and taxonomy of subtypes of disease are the main causes of this situation. One of the possible ways to come over this situation can be to pay attention to the trigger mechanism of disease and its subtypes. Researchers and clinicians should focus their efforts on searching the trigger mechanism of depression and different types of it . HPA axis can be a candidate for such trigger in depression caused by stress, because it influences the main branches of disease: neuroinflammation, activity of biogenic amines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, epigenetic factors, metabolomics, etc. But before we shall find any trigger mechanism, we need to create complex biomarkers reflecting genetic, epigenetic, metabolomics and other pathological changes in different types of depression. Recently the most encouraging results have been obtained from genetics and neuroimaging. Continuing research in these areas should be forced by using computational, statistical and systems biology approaches, which can allow to obtain more knowledge about the neurobiology of depression. In order to obtain clinically useful tests, search for biomarkers should use appropriate research methodologies with increasing samples and identifying more homogeneous groups of depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay N Ivanets
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Svistunov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Kinkulkina
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya G Tikhonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita S Syzrantsev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Susanna S Sologova
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly V Ignatyeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Wang HQ, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. The receptor hypothesis and the pathogenesis of depression: Genetic bases and biological correlates. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105542. [PMID: 33711432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression has become one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by anhedonia, anxiety, pessimism, or even suicidal thoughts. Receptor theory has been pointed out to explain the pathogenesis of depression, while it is still subject to debate. Additionally, gene abnormality accounts for nearly 40-50% of depression risk, which is a significant factor contributing to the onset of depression. Accordingly, studying on receptors and their gene abnormality are critical parts of the research on internal causes of depression. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of depression from six of the most related receptors and their associated genes, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, GABAA receptor α2, and dopamine receptor; and several "non-classic" receptors, such as metabotropic glutamate receptor, opioid receptor, and insulin receptor. These receptors have received considerable critical attention and are highly implicated in the onset of depression. We begin by providing the biological mechanisms of action of these receptors on the pathogenesis of depression. Then we review the historical and social context about these receptors. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current state of knowledge and outline insights on future research directions, aiming to provide more novel targets and theoretical basis for the early prevention, accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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19
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Cediel Ulloa A, Gliga A, Love TM, Pineda D, Mruzek DW, Watson GE, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF, Strain JJ, Myers GJ, van Wijngaarden E, Ruegg J, Broberg K. Prenatal methylmercury exposure and DNA methylation in seven-year-old children in the Seychelles Child Development Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106321. [PMID: 33340986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) is present in fish and is a neurotoxicant at sufficiently high levels. One potential mechanism of MeHg toxicity early in life is epigenetic dysregulation that may affect long-term neurodevelopment. Altered DNA methylation of nervous system-related genes has been associated with adult mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and DNA methylation (at the cytosine of CG dinucleotides, CpGs) in three nervous system-related genes, encoding brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), glutamate receptor subunit NR2B (GRIN2B), and the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), in children who were exposed to MeHg in utero. METHODS We tested 406 seven-year-old Seychellois children participating in the Seychelles Child Development Study (Nutrition Cohort 2), who were prenatally exposed to MeHg from maternal fish consumption. Total mercury in maternal hair (prenatal MeHg exposure measure) collected during pregnancy was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Methylation in DNA from the children's saliva was measured by pyrosequencing. To assess associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and CpG methylation at seven years of age, we used multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates. RESULTS We identified associations with prenatal MeHg exposure for DNA methylation of one GRIN2B CpG and two NR3C1 CpGs out of 12 total CpG sites. Higher prenatal MeHg was associated with higher methylation for each CpG site. For example, NR3C1 CpG3 had an expected increase of 0.03-fold for each additional 1 ppm of prenatal MeHg (B = 0.030, 95% CI 0.001, 0.059; p = 0.047). Several CpG sites associated with MeHg are located in transcription factor binding sites and the observed methylation changes are predicted to lead to lower gene expression. CONCLUSIONS In a population of people who consume large amounts of fish, we showed that higher prenatal MeHg exposure was associated with differential DNA methylation at seven years of age at specific CpG sites that may influence neurodevelopment and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cediel Ulloa
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Organism Biology, Uppsala University, Kåbovägen 4, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anda Gliga
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanzy M Love
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniela Pineda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Mruzek
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gene E Watson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Philip W Davidson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland Bt52 1SA, UK
| | - Gary J Myers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joelle Ruegg
- Department of Organism Biology, Uppsala University, Kåbovägen 4, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 22185 Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Holmes L, Rios J, Berice B, Benson J, Bafford N, Parson K, Halloran D. Predictive Effect of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Carcinoma Development: Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Synthesis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:medicines8010001. [PMID: 33466356 PMCID: PMC7824775 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterial pathogen implicated in gastritis, gastric ulceration, and gastric carcinoma. This study aimed to synthesize literature in providing evidence on the causative role of H. pylori in gastric carcinoma development. This study is based on assessing public literature using an applied meta-analysis, namely, quantitative evidence synthesis (QES). The analytic procedure uses DerSimonian-Laird, including assessing heterogeneity. The QES also utilizes meta-regression and the environmental effect associated with H. pylori in gastric cancer development. Eighteen studies are included in the QES. There is increased prevalence of H. pylori exposure among the cases. The heterogeneity between the CES and individual effect sizes is also significant. Despite controlling for the confoundings, there is increased exposure to H. pylori among the gastric cancer cases, regardless of the differences in the geographic location. H. pylori in this synthesized literature illustrates the contributory role of this microbe in gastric carcinoma. Additionally, regardless of geographic locale, namely, South Korea or Spain, H. pylori is implicated in gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(302)-298-7741
| | - Jasmine Rios
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
- History of Science and Medicine Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Betyna Berice
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
- Master of Public Health, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA
| | - Jacqueline Benson
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
- Master of Public Health Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nastocia Bafford
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Kadedrah Parson
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Halloran
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (J.R.); (B.B.); (J.B.); (N.B.); (K.P.); (D.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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21
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Lopez M, Ruiz MO, Rovnaghi CR, Tam GKY, Hiscox J, Gotlib IH, Barr DA, Carrion VG, Anand KJS. The social ecology of childhood and early life adversity. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:353-367. [PMID: 33462396 PMCID: PMC7897233 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An increasing prevalence of early childhood adversity has reached epidemic proportions, creating a public health crisis. Rather than focusing only on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as the main lens for understanding early childhood experiences, detailed assessments of a child's social ecology are required to assess "early life adversity." These should also include the role of positive experiences, social relationships, and resilience-promoting factors. Comprehensive assessments of a child's physical and social ecology not only require parent/caregiver surveys and clinical observations, but also include measurements of the child's physiology using biomarkers. We identify cortisol as a stress biomarker and posit that hair cortisol concentrations represent a summative and chronological record of children's exposure to adverse experiences and other contextual stressors. Future research should use a social-ecological approach to investigate the robust interactions among adverse conditions, protective factors, genetic and epigenetic influences, environmental exposures, and social policy, within the context of a child's developmental stages. These contribute to their physical health, psychiatric conditions, cognitive/executive, social, and psychological functions, lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic outcomes. Such studies must inform preventive measures, therapeutic interventions, advocacy efforts, social policy changes, and public awareness campaigns to address early life adversities and their enduring effects on human potential. IMPACT: Current research does not support the practice of using ACEs as the main lens for understanding early childhood experiences. The social ecology of early childhood provides a contextual framework for evaluating the long-term health consequences of early life adversity. Comprehensive assessments reinforced with physiological measures and/or selected biomarkers, such as hair cortisol concentrations to assess early life stress, may provide critical insights into the relationships between early adversity, stress axis regulation, and subsequent health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lopez
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Monica O. Ruiz
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Cynthia R. Rovnaghi
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Grace K-Y. Tam
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Jitka Hiscox
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford School of Engineering, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Humanities & Sciences, Stanford, CA
| | - Donald A. Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford, CA
| | - Victor G. Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry), Clinical & Translational Neurosciences Incubator, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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22
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Bordoni L, Petracci I, Calleja-Agius J, Lalor JG, Gabbianelli R. NURR1 Alterations in Perinatal Stress: A First Step towards Late-Onset Diseases? A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E584. [PMID: 33302583 PMCID: PMC7764589 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal life represents a delicate phase of development where stimuli of all sorts, coming to or from the mother, can influence the programming of the future baby's health. These stimuli may have consequences that persist throughout adulthood. Nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1), a transcription factor with a critical role in the development of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, mediates the response to stressful environmental stimuli in the perinatal period. During pregnancy, low-grade inflammation triggered by maternal obesity, hyperinsulinemia or vaginal infections alters NURR1 expression in human gestational tissues. A similar scenario is triggered by exposure to neurotoxic compounds, which are associated with NURR1 epigenetic deregulation in the offspring, with potential intergenerational effects. Since these alterations have been associated with an increased risk of developing late-onset diseases in children, NURR1, alone, or in combination with other molecular markers, has been proposed as a new prognostic tool and a potential therapeutic target for several pathological conditions. This narrative review describes perinatal stress associated with NURR1 gene deregulation, which is proposed here as a mediator of late-onset consequences of early life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Irene Petracci
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Joan G. Lalor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D’Olier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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23
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Xu Q, Jiang M, Gu S, Wang F, Yuan B. Early Life Stress Induced DNA Methylation of Monoamine Oxidases Leads to Depressive-Like Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582247. [PMID: 33015076 PMCID: PMC7505948 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is coming to be the regarded as one of the leading causes for human disabilities. Due to its complicated pathological process, the etiology is still unclear and the treatment is still targeting at the monoamine neurotransmitters. Early life stress has been known as a major cause for MDD, but how early life stress affects adult monoaminergic activity is not clear either. Recently, DNA methylation is considered to be the key mechanism of epigenetics and might play a role in early life stress induced mental illness. DNA methylation is an enzymatic covalent modification of DNA, has been one of the main epigenetic mechanisms investigated. The metabolic enzyme for the monoamine neurotransmitters, monoamine oxidases A/B (MAO A/MAO B) are the prime candidates for the investigation into the role of DNA methylation in mental disorders. In this review, we will review recent advances about the structure and physiological function of monoamine oxidases (MAO), brief narrative other factors include stress induced changes, early life stress, perinatal depression (PD) relationship with other epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA). This review will shed light on the epigenetic changes involved in MDD, which may provide potential targets for future therapeutics in depression pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchen Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University Medical School, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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24
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Rauen K, Vetter S, Eisele A, Biskup E, Delsignore A, Rufer M, Weidt S. Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With or Without Face-to-Face Psychotherapy: A 12-Weeks Clinical Trial of Patients With Depression. Front Digit Health 2020; 2:4. [PMID: 34713017 PMCID: PMC8521970 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a curable, global health problem. However, most patients remain untreated, and more and more patients use internet-based interventions, but it is unclear whether it is beneficial for ongoing face-to-face psychotherapy. Thus, we compared the outcome of internet cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) with (ICBT+) or without (ICBT) additional face-to-face outpatient psychotherapy in adult patients with moderate to severe depressive disorder. For this longitudinal interventional clinical trial (NCT02112266), 168 of 252 online recruited adults with depressive symptoms received ICBT+ (n = 96) or ICBT (n = 72). Demographics (sex, age, age at first depressive episode, years of education, duration of depressive symptoms) were assessed and compared between groups. All patients underwent ICBT for 12 weeks. Quality of life (QoL) and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed within each group at three time points [baseline (T0), postinterventional after ICBT at 12 weeks (T1), and for follow-up at 6 months (T2)] using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) global score to assess QoL as primary and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to assess self-rated depressive symptoms as secondary outcome variables, respectively. Differences were assessed between groups using t test and over time using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Data of intention-to-treat analysis are given as mean ± SD. Group differences were assumed at p < 0.05. Partial η2 is given as effect size. Demographic data, QoL, and depressive symptoms did not differ between groups (ICBT+/ICBT) at baseline (T0). Patients of both groups suffered from moderate to severe depressive disorders and gained improved QoL scores (WHOQOL-BREF-global: p < 0.001, η2 = 0.16), as well as experienced decreased depressive symptoms (BDI-II: p < 0.001, η2 = 0.2) after 12 weeks of ICBT compared to baseline. Patients without additional face-to-face outpatient psychotherapy lost QoL-albeit not significant-and had increased depressive symptoms (BDI: p = 0.02, η2 = 0.04) at 6 months' follow-up. Thus, ICBT is suitable for psychiatric treatment, although additional face-to-face outpatient psychotherapy helps stabilizing long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rauen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Eisele
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewelina Biskup
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Frederico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aba Delsignore
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rufer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffi Weidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Holmes L, Enwere M, Williams J, Ogundele B, Chavan P, Piccoli T, Chinaka C, Comeaux C, Pelaez L, Okundaye O, Stalnaker L, Kalle F, Deepika K, Philipcien G, Poleon M, Ogungbade G, Elmi H, John V, Dabney KW. Black-White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124322. [PMID: 32560363 PMCID: PMC7345143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadvantage relative to Whites in the United States, COVID-19 currently indicates comparable disparities. We aimed to: (a) assess COVID-19 CmI by race, (b) determine the Black–White case fatality (CF) and risk differentials, and (c) apply explanatory model for mortality risk differentials. Methods: COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths by selective states health departments were assessed using a cross-sectional ecologic design. Chi-square was used for CF independence, while binomial regression model for the Black–White risk differentials. Results: The COVID-19 mortality CmI indicated Blacks/AA with 34% of the total mortality in the United States, albeit their 13% population size. The COVID-19 CF was higher among Blacks/AA relative to Whites; Maryland, (2.7% vs. 2.5%), Wisconsin (7.4% vs. 4.8%), Illinois (4.8% vs. 4.2%), Chicago (5.9% vs. 3.2%), Detroit (Michigan), 7.2% and St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana), 7.9%. Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Michigan were 15% more likely to die, CmI risk ratio (CmIRR) = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01–1.32. Blacks/AA relative to Whites in Illinois were 13% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.93–1.39, while Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Wisconsin were 51% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.10–2.10. In Chicago, Blacks/AA were more than twice as likely to die, CmIRR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.36–3.88. Conclusion: Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are observed in COVID-19 CF and mortality with Blacks/AA disproportionately affected across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Emergency Department, Thomas Jefferson University, College of population Health, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Enwere
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Public Health Department, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA
| | - Janille Williams
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Benjamin Ogundele
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Prachi Chavan
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Tatiana Piccoli
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Chinacherem Chinaka
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Camillia Comeaux
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Lavisha Pelaez
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Osatohamwen Okundaye
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Leslie Stalnaker
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Fanta Kalle
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Keeti Deepika
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Glen Philipcien
- Emergency Department, Victoria Hospital, Castries, St. Lucia;
| | - Maura Poleon
- School of Nursing, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33139, USA;
| | - Gbadebo Ogungbade
- Global Health Services Initiatives Incorporated, Arlington, TX 76014 USA;
| | - Hikma Elmi
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Valescia John
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Kirk W. Dabney
- Nemours Children’s Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (M.E.); (J.W.); (B.O.); (P.C.); (T.P.); (C.C.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (O.O.); (L.S.); (F.K.); (K.D.); (H.E.); (V.J.); (K.W.D.)
- Emergency Department, Thomas Jefferson University, College of population Health, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Holmes L, Enwere M, Williams J, Ogundele B, Chavan P, Piccoli T, Chinacherem C, Comeaux C, Pelaez L, Okundaye O, Stalnaker L, Kalle F, Deepika K, Philipcien G, Poleon M, Ogungbade G, Elmi H, John V, Dabney KW. Black-White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020. [PMID: 32560363 DOI: 10.3390/2fijerph17124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadvantage relative to Whites in the United States, COVID-19 currently indicates comparable disparities. We aimed to: (a) assess COVID-19 CmI by race, (b) determine the Black-White case fatality (CF) and risk differentials, and (c) apply explanatory model for mortality risk differentials. METHODS COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths by selective states health departments were assessed using a cross-sectional ecologic design. Chi-square was used for CF independence, while binomial regression model for the Black-White risk differentials. RESULTS The COVID-19 mortality CmI indicated Blacks/AA with 34% of the total mortality in the United States, albeit their 13% population size. The COVID-19 CF was higher among Blacks/AA relative to Whites; Maryland, (2.7% vs. 2.5%), Wisconsin (7.4% vs. 4.8%), Illinois (4.8% vs. 4.2%), Chicago (5.9% vs. 3.2%), Detroit (Michigan), 7.2% and St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana), 7.9%. Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Michigan were 15% more likely to die, CmI risk ratio (CmIRR) = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01-1.32. Blacks/AA relative to Whites in Illinois were 13% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.93-1.39, while Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Wisconsin were 51% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.10-2.10. In Chicago, Blacks/AA were more than twice as likely to die, CmIRR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.36-3.88. CONCLUSION Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are observed in COVID-19 CF and mortality with Blacks/AA disproportionately affected across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Emergency Department, Thomas Jefferson University, College of population Health, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael Enwere
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Public Health Department, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA
| | - Janille Williams
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Benjamin Ogundele
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Prachi Chavan
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Tatiana Piccoli
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Chinaka Chinacherem
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Camillia Comeaux
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Lavisha Pelaez
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Osatohamwen Okundaye
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Leslie Stalnaker
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Fanta Kalle
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Keeti Deepika
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Glen Philipcien
- Emergency Department, Victoria Hospital, Castries, St. Lucia
| | - Maura Poleon
- School of Nursing, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33139, USA
| | - Gbadebo Ogungbade
- Global Health Services Initiatives Incorporated, Arlington, TX 76014 USA
| | - Hikma Elmi
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Valescia John
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Fellow of Translational Health Disparities Science (FTHDS), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Kirk W Dabney
- Nemours Children's Healthcare System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Emergency Department, Thomas Jefferson University, College of population Health, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Steiger H, Booij L. Eating Disorders, Heredity and Environmental Activation: Getting Epigenetic Concepts into Practice. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051332. [PMID: 32375223 PMCID: PMC7291135 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to link environmental exposures to alterations in gene expression, and in so doing, to provide a physical substrate for the activation of hereditary potentials by life experiences. In keeping with this idea, accumulating data suggest that epigenetic processes are implicated in eating-disorder (ED) etiology. This paper reviews literature on putative links between epigenetic factors and EDs, and examines ways in which epigenetic programming of gene expression could account for gene-environment interactions acting in the EDs. The paper also presents evidence suggesting that epigenetic processes link malnutrition and life stresses (gestational, perinatal, childhood, and adult) to risk of ED development. Drawing from empirical evidence and clinical experience, we propose that an epigenetically informed understanding of ED etiology can benefit patients, caregivers, and clinicians alike, in the sense that the perspective can reduce judgmental or blameful attitudes on the part of clinicians and caregivers, and increase self-acceptance and optimism about recovery on the part of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Steiger
- Eating Disorders Continuum, Douglas University Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.B.)
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Implication of Vaginal and Cesarean Section Delivery Method in Black-White Differentials in Infant Mortality in the United States: Linked Birth/Infant Death Records, 2007-2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093146. [PMID: 32365975 PMCID: PMC7246527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality (IM) continue to persist in the United States, with Black/African Americans (AA) being disproportionally affected with a three-fold increase in mortality compared to Whites. Epidemiological data have identified maternal characteristics in IM risk such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, maternal education, smoking, maternal weight, maternal socioeconomic status (SES), and family structure. Understanding the social gradient in health including implicit bias, as inherent in the method of labor and delivery and the racial heterogeneity, may facilitate intervention mapping in narrowing the Black-White IM risk differences. We aimed to assess the temporal/racial trends and the methods of delivery, mainly vaginal vs. cesarean section (C-section) as an exposure function of IM. The United States linked birth/infant death records (2007-2016) were used with a cross-sectional ecological design. The analysis involved chi squared statistic, incidence rate estimation by binomial regression model, and period percent change. Of the 40,445,070 births between 2007 and 2016, cumulative mortality incidence was 249,135 (1.16 per 1000). The IM rate was highest among Black/AA (11.41 per 1000), intermediate among Whites (5.19 per 1000), and lowest among Asian /Pacific Islanders (4.24 per 1000). The cumulative incidence rate difference, comparing vaginal to cesarean procedure was 1.73 per 1000 infants, implying excess IM with C-section. Compared to C-section, there was a 31% decreased risk of IM among mothers with vaginal delivery, rate ratio (RR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64-0.74. Racial disparities were observed in the method of delivery associated with IM. Black/AA mothers with vaginal delivery had a 6% decreased risk of IM compared to C-section, RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.95, while Whites with vaginal delivery had a 38% decrease risk of IM relative to C-section, RR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.67-0.69, p < 0.001. Infant mortality varied by race, with Black/AA disproportionally affected, which is explained in part by labor and delivery procedures, suggestive of reliable and equitable intrapartum assessment of Black/AA mothers during labor, as well as implicit bias marginalization in the healthcare system.
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Holmes L, Lim A, Comeaux CR, Dabney KW, Okundaye O. DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes (ACE II, IFN-γ, AGTR 1, CKG, ADD1, SCNN1B and TLR2) in Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234829. [PMID: 31805646 PMCID: PMC6926644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical, chemical, and social environments adversely affect the molecular process and results in cell signal transduction and the subsequent transcription factor dysregulation, leading to impaired gene expression and abnormal protein synthesis. Stressful environments such as social adversity, isolation, sustained social threats, physical inactivity, and highly methylated diets predispose individuals to molecular level alterations such as aberrant epigenomic modulations that affect homeostasis and hemodynamics. With cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of mortality in the US and blacks/African Americans being disproportionately affected by hypertension (HTN) which contributes substantially to these deaths, reflecting the excess mortality and survival disadvantage of this sub-population relative to whites, understanding the molecular events, including epigenomic and socio-epigenomic modulations, is relevant to narrowing the black-white mortality risk differences. We aimed to synthesize epigenomic findings in HTN namely (a) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE II) gene, (b) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene, (c) interferon γ (IFN-γ) gene, and (d) Capping Actin Protein, Gelosin-Like (CAPG) gene, adducin 1(ADD1) gene, (e) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), (f) mesoderm specific transcript (MEST) loci, (g) sodium channel epithelial 1 alpha subunit 2 (SCNN1B), (h) glucokinase (CKG) gene (i) angiotensin II receptor, type1 (AGTR1), and DNA methylation (mDNA). A systematic review and quantitative evidence synthesis (QES) was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed with relevant search terms. Data were extracted from studies on: (a) Epigenomic modulations in HTN based on ACE II (b) TLR2, (c) IFN-γ gene, (d) CAPG, ADD1, TIMP3, MEST loci, and mDNA. The random-effect meta-analysis method was used for a pooled estimate of the common effect size, while z statistic and I^2 were used for the homogeneity of the common effect size and between studies on heterogeneity respectively. Of the 642 studies identified, five examined hypermethylation while seven studies assessed hypomethylation in association with HTN. The hypermethylation of ACE II, SCNN1B, CKG, IFN-γ gene, and miR-510 promoter were associated with hypertension, the common effect size (CES) = 6.0%, 95% CI, −0.002–11.26. In addition, the hypomethylation of TLR2, IFN-γ gene, ADD1, AGTR1, and GCK correlated with hypertension, the CES = 2.3%, 95% CI, −2.51–7.07. The aberrant epigenomic modulation of ACE II, TLR2, IFN-γ, AGTR1, and GCK correlated with essential HTN. Transforming the environments resulting from these epigenomic lesions will facilitate early intervention mapping in reducing HTN in the US population, especially among socially disadvantaged individuals, particularly racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours/A.I. DuPont Children’s Hospital, Nemours Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, 2200 Concord Pike, 7th Floor, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (A.L.); (C.R.C.); (K.W.D.); (O.O.)
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-298-7741; Fax: +1-302-651-6782
| | - Andrew Lim
- Nemours/A.I. DuPont Children’s Hospital, Nemours Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, 2200 Concord Pike, 7th Floor, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (A.L.); (C.R.C.); (K.W.D.); (O.O.)
| | - Camillia R. Comeaux
- Nemours/A.I. DuPont Children’s Hospital, Nemours Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, 2200 Concord Pike, 7th Floor, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (A.L.); (C.R.C.); (K.W.D.); (O.O.)
- Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Kirk W. Dabney
- Nemours/A.I. DuPont Children’s Hospital, Nemours Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, 2200 Concord Pike, 7th Floor, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (A.L.); (C.R.C.); (K.W.D.); (O.O.)
| | - Osatohamwen Okundaye
- Nemours/A.I. DuPont Children’s Hospital, Nemours Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, 2200 Concord Pike, 7th Floor, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (A.L.); (C.R.C.); (K.W.D.); (O.O.)
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