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Breed R, Kay A, Spittle M, Orth D. The Effect of Pedagogical Approach on Physical Activity of Girls During Physical Education. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38771866 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2329165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Technical approaches (TAs) such as Direct Instruction are commonly utilized when teaching games in Physical Education (PE) classes, but game-based approaches (GBAs) such as Game Sense (GS) have gained greater interest over the past 30 years. However, little is known about which approach promotes more physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to compare the PA of girls during single-gender PE classes in an invasion games unit utilizing either a GS approach or a TA. Methods: Two upper primary school PE classes were taught invasion games using a GS approach and two classes were taught using a TA. During each of the 7 lessons students wore a wearable GPS sensor (SPT2, Sport Performance Tracking, Australia) which measured total distance, distance in each speed zone, top speed and 3D load. Results: The GS group traveled a greater distance than the TA group (+203 m, p < .001). This result was explained mostly by a greater distance covered in zone 2 speeds (0.6-1.7 m/s). The 3D load was also significantly higher in the GS group, but there were no group differences in top speed. Conclusions: Findings suggested that a GS thematic invasion unit was more effective in promoting PA levels in all-girl primary PE classes than a traditional sport-based invasion unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Breed
- Swinburne University of Technology
| | - A Kay
- Swinburne University of Technology
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The Impact of Different Pedagogical Models on Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Physical Education Classes. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121790. [PMID: 36553234 PMCID: PMC9777447 DOI: 10.3390/children9121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were twofold: (i) to examine differences in physical activity (PA) variables regarding the length of Physical Education (PE) lessons (45 vs. 90 min) and teaching methodology (Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) or hybrid TGfU-sports education (SE)); and (ii) to estimate the percentage of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous (MV) PA assessed via an accelerometer based on total step count, BMI, age, and sex, considering the pedagogical models and the class length. This study was carried out in three classes of invasion games in PE. Two classes were taught based on TGfU (44 students, 18 males, 12.6 ± 0.55), and one was taught based on a hybrid TGfU-SE (17 students, 9 males, 13.7 ± 0.90). The same students were assessed twice, first in a 45 min class and then in a 90 min class. The students' MVPA was assessed using the Actigraph GT3X Activity Monitor. The results revealed significant differences in PA intensity regarding the length of the PE lesson (45 vs. 90 min) and the teaching methodology. The 45 min classes using TGfU were more intense and had less sedentary time than the 90 min classes. When using a hybrid TGfU-SE, the 90 min classes had higher intensities than the 45 min classes. Generally, when comparing the two types of pedagogical intervention, the TGfU model provided more active lessons and less sedentary time in class than a hybrid TGfU-SE. The TGfU model is more profitable for increasing MVPA in class. Due to the issues related to the organization and management of sports practice in class, several recommendations for maximizing MVPA in a hybrid TGfU-SE class must be considered.
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García-Santos D, Pino-Ortega J, García-Rubio J, Vaquera A, Ibáñez S. RELACIÓN ENTRE LA CARGA INTERNA Y EXTERNA EN ÁRBITROS DE BALONCESTO. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.87.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar las relaciones existentes entre los parámetros de carga interna (objetiva y subjetiva) y externa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 15 partidos disputados en el Eurobasket femenino U-16, donde participaron un total de nueve árbitros (6 masculinos y 3 femeninos). Las variables analizadas de carga interna fueron la frecuencia cardiaca y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo. Las variables de carga externa se dividieron en cinemáticas y neuromusculares, medidas a través de dispositivos inerciales. Los resultados explican que existen relaciones entre los valores de carga interna objetiva y carga externa, así como entre las variables de carga externa. En cambio, no existen relaciones entre la carga interna subjetiva y las variables de carga interna y externa objetiva, exceptuando el PowerMetabolic. Estos resultados demuestran que la competición y el nivel de los árbitros influyen en gran medida en las variables subjetivas.
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García-Ceberino JM, Feu S, Gamero MG, Ibáñez SJ. Determinant Factors of Achievement Motivation in School Physical Education. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9091366. [PMID: 36138675 PMCID: PMC9497943 DOI: 10.3390/children9091366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Today, it is important for physical education teachers to know students’ motivation profiles for learning. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze achievement motivation according to four variables: students’ sex, the taught sport modality, students’ experience and teaching methodology. Likewise, the effects of students’ sex and experience on the methodologies applied were analyzed. A total of 108 primary education students (10.95 ± 0.48 years), 54 boys and 54 girls, from three state schools participated in the study. The students answered the Achievement Motivation in Physical Education test (Spanish version) after participating in soccer and basketball programs based on different methodologies. Each class-group received a different educational program (soccer or basketball). The differences between the categories of the variables analyzed were calculated for each dimension of the motivational test through the Mann−Whitney U and Kruskal−Wallis H tests. The effects of students’ sex and experience on the teaching methodologies applied were analyzed using the univariate General Linear Model test. In soccer and basketball, boys perceived being more motor competent (U = 732.00; p < 0.05; r = 0.43) than girls. In addition, experienced students in both sports perceived being more motor competent (U = 695.50; p < 0.05; r = 0.27) than inexperienced students. In turn, they indicated feeling less failure anxiety and stress (U = 780.00; p < 0.05; r = 0.22). All of the students who played soccer reported more commitment (learning dedication) (U = 1051.50; p < 0.05; r = 0.20) and perceived motor competence (U = 972.00; p < 0.05; r = 0.24) than students who played basketball. Considering the effects of students’ sex and experience on the methodologies (perceived motor competence dimension), there were significant differences (F = 7.68; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.07) in favor of experienced boys who played soccer and basketball using the Tactical Games Approach methodology. Soccer was practiced more in school and out of school. This made students feel greater commitment (learning dedication) and perceived motor competence towards this invasion sport in physical education. In addition, it was shown that teachers should take into account students’ sex and experience because they are two factors that influence the teaching of sports and achievement motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. García-Ceberino
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Emotion Research Group, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Sebastián Feu
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-501
| | - María G. Gamero
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Chen M, Zhou Y. Analysis of Students' Sports Exercise Behavior and Health Education Strategy Using Visual Perception–Motion Recognition Algorithm. Front Psychol 2022; 13:829432. [PMID: 35645860 PMCID: PMC9136329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.829432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the future development path of the college health education and health education's impact on students' sports exercise. Specifically, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is combined with intelligent robotics technology to acquire and analyze students' sports exercise behaviors. As a result, a new development model is formulated for college health education. First, it explores students' sports exercise and health education situation in Chinese higher institutions and uncovers the underlying problems. Then it puts forward the corresponding modification suggestions. Second, the AI algorithm and the Kinect sensor-mounted intelligent robot capture the human skeleton features to obtain smooth skeleton joint points data. At the same time, a visual perception human motion recognition (HMR) algorithm is established based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Afterward, the proposed HMM-based HMR algorithm is used to recognize students' sports exercise motions by analyzing human motion skeleton images. The experimental outcomes suggest that the maximum reconstruction error of the HMR algorithm is 10 mm, and the compression ratio is between 5 and 10; the HMR rate is more than 96%. Compared with similar algorithms, the proposed visual perception HMR algorithm depends less on the number of training samples. It can achieve a high recognition rate given only a relatively few samples. Therefore, the proposed (AI + intelligent robot)-enabled HMM-based HMR algorithm can effectively identify the behavior characteristics of students in sports exercise. This study can provide a reference for exploring college students' health education development path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Chen
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minwei Chen
| | - Yunzheng Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Physical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Feu S, García-Rubio J, Ibáñez SJ, Antúnez A. External load of the tasks planned by teachers for learning handball. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265745. [PMID: 35381045 PMCID: PMC8982867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The load in tasks planned for sports teaching in physical education classes has received little attention. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the external load, eTL, in the tasks designed by physical education teachers from the in-service and pre-service stages, for teaching handball in primary education, and to compare them with the tasks included in the lesson plans designed for handball using the tactical games teaching model. An associative, comparative and cross-sectional methodology was used. Twenty-three teachers, five in the in-service phase and eighteen in the pre-service phase, designed lesson plans for teaching handball, which were compared with lesson plans validated by a panel of experts. The analysis was performed on 1,232 tasks or analysis units. eTL was categorized using the Integrated analysis system of training tasks (SIATE) instrument. A descriptive and associative analysis was made of the variables that make up the eTL and an inferential analysis of the eTL using non-parametric tests. The total eTL of the tasks planned by the in-service and pre-service teachers was low, and significantly lower than the tasks planned using the tactical games model, which showed a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Feu
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Antúnez
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Influence of Secondary School Students' Physical Fitness on Sports Performance during an Ultimate Frisbee Competition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073997. [PMID: 35409680 PMCID: PMC8998306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of secondary school students’ fitness profile on physical and technical−tactical performance in simulated competition conditions of ultimate frisbee when there is no previous experience in the practice of the sport. Forty-three secondary school students participated in this research. The students were divided into two groups according to their results in the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and fitness test battery (ALPHA fitness test): poor physical fitness (PPF) (N = 24; age: 14.9 ± 0.8 years; height: 166.1 ± 10.9 cm; body mass: 62.2 ± 11.0 kg; ALPHA fitness score: 2.7 ± 0.7 points) and good physical fitness (GPF) (N = 19; age: 14.5 ± 0.6 years; height: 165.9 ± 5.8 cm; body mass: 58.9 ± 7.5 kg; ALPHA fitness score: 4.4 ± 0.3 points). Physical variables during the ultimate frisbee match were assessed using Global Positioning System technology. The matches were video-recorded, and individual technical actions were noted afterwards. The GPF group showed higher values for running (p = 0.039), high-speed running (p = 0.015), sprinting (p = 0.022) and total distance covered (p = 0.025) than the PPF group. In addition, more passes (p = 0.019), offensive decision making (p = 0.009) and player participation (p = 0.046) were recorded in the GPF group than the PPF group. Correlational analysis revealed a positive relationship (p < 0.05) between individual participation and the meters covered for jogging, running, running at high speed and sprinting during the game. In conclusion, although the students were novices in ultimate frisbee, the high physical fitness level had a positive effect on the game performance. Physical education teachers should consider this information when introducing new sports into their physical education classes.
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García-Ceberino JM, Gamero MG, Ibáñez SJ, Feu S. Are Subjective Intensities Indicators of Player Load and Heart Rate in Physical Education? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030428. [PMID: 35326904 PMCID: PMC8953415 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical education teachers need valid, low-cost, subjective techniques as an alternative to high-cost new technologies to monitor students’ intensity monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between both objective and subjective external (eTL) and internal (iTL) intensities. A total of 95 primary education students participated in this study. In this regard, 40 played soccer, and 55 performed basketball tasks, recording a total of 3956 units of analysis. The intensities caused by the different soccer and basketball tasks were measured using objective techniques (inertial devices and heart rate monitors) and subjective techniques (a sheet of task analysis and ratings of perceived exertion). Matrix scatter plots were made to show the values of two variables for a dataset. In this regard, adjustment lines were plotted to determine the trend of the correlations. Then, Spearman’s correlation was calculated to measure the association between two variables. Despite the low correlation levels obtained, the main results showed significant positive correlations between the intensities. This means that the high intensity values recorded by objective techniques also implied high intensity values recorded by subjective techniques, and vice versa. Negative correlations (r Rho = −0.19; p = 0.00) were only found between the following eTL variables: task eTL per minute (subjective technique) and player load per minute (objective technique). This negative correlation occurred when students played in the same 3 vs. 3 game situation without variability in subjective eTL (M ± SD, 28.00 ± 0.00). Therefore, subjective eTL and iTL techniques could be proposed as a suitable alternative for planning and monitoring the intensities supported by students in physical education classes. Moreover, these subjective techniques are easy to use in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. García-Ceberino
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.J.I.); (S.F.)
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María G. Gamero
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.J.I.); (S.F.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.J.I.); (S.F.)
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sebastián Feu
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.J.I.); (S.F.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Gamero MG, García-Ceberino JM, Ibáñez SJ, Feu S. Influence of the Pedagogical Model and Experience on the Internal and External Task Load in School Basketball. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211854. [PMID: 34831609 PMCID: PMC8623569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The methodology used by the teacher in Physical Education sessions conditions the physical fitness of the students, since the design of the tasks determines the physical and physiological demands to which they are exposed. This study aimed to quantify and compare, according to the teaching methodology and students' previous experience, the external (eTL) and internal (iTL) load resulting from the application of three intervention programmes that follow different teaching methodologies to teach school basketball: the Tactical Games Approach (TGA), Direct Instruction (DI) and Service Teacher's Basketball Unit (STBU). The Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPEs) recorded in the assessments (pre-test/post-test) were also studied. A total of 49 students, aged 11 to 12 and divided into three class groups, from the sixth grade of primary education at a state school in Spain, participated in the study. Teaching-learning programs were randomly assigned to student groups. All the sessions were monitored with inertial devices that made it possible to record physical activity and convert the information into kinematic parameters. The results indicated that during the sessions, the students who followed the TGA method recorded higher values of eTL (player load; DI = 4.92, TGA = 6.95, STBU = 2.99) and iTL (mean heart rate; DI = 142.94, TGA = 157.12, STBU = 143.98). In addition, during the evaluation tests, they presented heart rate levels similar to those obtained by the students in the other programmes. However, they spent more time doing high-intensity activity, working longer in the running (DI = 3.42, TGA = 11.26, STBU = 8.32) and sprinting speed ranges (DI = 0.00, TGA = 0.12, STBU = 0.11), and presenting better physical fitness. During the assessments, students with no prior basketball experience showed higher levels of top speed; experienced students had higher levels of heart rate. The TGA method favours the physical condition and health of primary education students, which is why this method is recommended when planning Physical Education sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G. Gamero
- Optimisation of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (J.M.G.-C.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juan M. García-Ceberino
- Optimisation of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (J.M.G.-C.); (S.J.I.)
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Optimisation of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (J.M.G.-C.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sebastián Feu
- Optimisation of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (J.M.G.-C.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Sierra-Ríos JV, Clemente FM, Teoldo I, González-Víllora S. Internal and External Load Variations in Young Students: Comparisons between Small-Sided Games and Small-Sided Games Combined with Strength Training during Physical Education Classes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041926. [PMID: 33671191 PMCID: PMC7922171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of internal and external load in soccer small-sided games (SSGs) and a strength program based on CrossFit combined with SSGs for 7 weeks. Fifty-five students participated in this research (age: 9.04 ± 0.19 years) and were randomly assigned to SSGs (n = 27) or strength combined with SSGs (n = 29) group. Two sessions/week were implemented. The results revealed that internal load on SSGs promoted higher levels (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.35) of light physical activity (PA) (12.24 cpm) compared with strength combined with SSGs (11.46) and % heart rate (%HR) max (p = 0.002; d = 0.48) between SSGs (96.21) regarding strength combined with SSGs (92.09). On external load, significant differences appear in total distance (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.80) on SSGs (1326 m) compared with strength combined with SSGs (1004 m) and mean velocity (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.63) in both groups; 2.71 km/h on SSGs and 2.26 km/h on strength combined with SSGs. The SSGs seem to be more appropriate at the beginning of sessions, but as the weeks advance, strength combined with SSGs results in improved internal load compared with SSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vicente Sierra-Ríos
- Department of Physical Education, Arts Education, and Music, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16001 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Israel Teoldo
- Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil;
| | - Sixto González-Víllora
- Department of Physical Education, Arts Education, and Music, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16001 Cuenca, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Strength and Speed Profiles Based on Age and Sex Differences in Young Basketball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020643. [PMID: 33451144 PMCID: PMC7828584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Team sports are in continuous evolution, and physical performance is acquiring greater importance in the game. The assessment of physical fitness is the most reliable method for knowing if the athlete’s physical fitness is appropriate. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to identify profiles of physical-physiological demands with different specific tests of physical fitness related to the maximum strength of the lower body and speed. Moreover, some differences based on the sex and age of the players were identified. One hundred and forty-nine basketball players were analyzed (men n = 103 vs. women n = 46, weight: 74.74 ± 11.65 kg vs. 56.89 ± 3.71 kg, height: 184.66 ± 11.67 vs. 164 ± 4 and BMI: 21.7 ± 0.83 vs. 21.6 ± 0.90). The players performed an Abalakov test, a multi-jump test, and a repeat sprint ability test. Each player was equipped with a WIMU PRO device, and photoelectric cells were used. A MANOVA was performed to discover the differences between ages, and a t-test was used regarding sex. The results showed significant differences based on age and sex in variables related to time and Player Load/min (p < 0.001). The variables related to steps (contact, step, flight) also showed significant differences as a function of age (p < 0.001) and sex (p < 0.05). The multi-jump test showed differences based on age (p < 0.05 except in between jumps), but not on sex. These results confirm the importance of working together on lower body strength and speed skills. In addition, the planning of the work on these abilities must be individualized and according to the characteristics of the athlete.
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Accelerometry as a method for external workload monitoring in invasion team sports. A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236643. [PMID: 32841239 PMCID: PMC7447012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerometry is a recent method used to quantify workload in team sports. A rapidly increasing number of studies supports the practical implementation of accelerometry monitoring to regulate and optimize training schemes. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (1) to reflect the current state of knowledge about accelerometry as a method of workload monitoring in invasion team sports according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and (2) to conclude recommendations for application and scientific investigations. The Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant published studies according to the following keywords: "accelerometry" or "accelerometer" or "microtechnology" or "inertial devices", and "load" or "workload", and "sport". Of the 1383 studies initially identified, 118 were selected for a full review. The main results indicate that the most frequent findings were (i) devices' body location: scapulae; (b) devices brand: Catapult Sports; (iii) variables: PlayerLoadTM and its variations; (iv) sports: rugby, Australian football, soccer and basketball; (v) sex: male; (vi) competition level: professional and elite; and (vii) context: separate training or competition. A great number of variables and devices from various companies make the comparability between findings difficult; unification is required. Although the most common location is at scapulae because of its optimal signal reception for time-motion analysis, new methods for multi-location skills and locomotion assessment without losing tracking accuracy should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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García-Ceberino JM, Gamero MG, Feu S, Ibáñez SJ. Experience as a Determinant of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge in School Football. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031063. [PMID: 32046167 PMCID: PMC7037024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of declarative and procedural knowledge makes it possible to ascertain what cognitive processes are like during motor learning. This study aimed to compare, according to the methodology, gender and experience (football practise), and the levels of declarative and procedural knowledge after the implementation of two intervention programmes on school football including one based on the tactics learning and the other on the technique learning. A total of 41 students in the 5th year of primary education from a state school from Spain, distributed in two class groups, participated in the study. Each class group participated in a different intervention programme. The sample of subjects was equal (tactical programme (n = 20) and technical programme (n = 21)). A panel of 13 experts validated both programmes. Levels of knowledge were measured using the Tactical Knowledge Assessment test in football. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterise the sample. Moreover, a t-test for independent samples, a t-test for related samples, and a 2 × 2 ANOVA (analysis of variance) were performed to compare the levels of knowledge between the pre-test and the post-test, according to the methodology, gender, and experience of the students. Results indicate that both intervention programmes induced higher levels of declarative and procedural knowledge in the post-test. Similarly, there were no significant differences with regard to the applied methodology. This fact is due to the heterogeneous character of the class groups with gender and experience showing effects on the levels of knowledge. The boys possessed greater experience and a higher level of knowledge compared to the girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. García-Ceberino
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.F.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-627-218-855
| | - María G. Gamero
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.F.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sebastián Feu
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.F.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.G.G.); (S.F.); (S.J.I.)
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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