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Spyrou K, Armendáriz MLP, Alcaraz PE, Carrasco RH, Udayanga MAS, Freitas TT. Does Total Playing Time Affect the Neuromuscular, Physiological, and Subjective Recovery of Futsal Players during a Congested Period? Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:139. [PMID: 38787008 PMCID: PMC11125896 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of a congested period (three games in four days) on countermovement (CMJ) jump-landing metrics, heart rate variability (HRV), and total recovery quality (TQR) score in under-19 male futsal players, and to detect the differences between those who played for more minutes (HIGHMIN) and less minutes (LOWMIN). Fourteen youth futsal players (age: 17.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass: 70.2 ± 8.5 kg; height: 1.80 ± 0.1 m) participated. HRV, TQR questionnaire, and CMJ metrics (i.e., CMJ height, relative peak power (PPREL), eccentric and concentric impulse, braking time, and time to peak force) were registered. A linear mixed model and effect sizes (ESs) were used to assess the differences between groups and days. Considering the total sample, a significant decrease was found in the PPREL and TQR score (p = 0.001-0.013 and ES = 0.28-0.99) on Days 2, 3, and 4 when compared to Day 1. HIGHMIN group presented a significant decrease in PPREL on Day 3 (p = 0.004; ES: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-2.65) when compared to Day 1, and in the TRQ score on Day 3 (p = 0.002; ES: 1.98; 95% CI: 0.18-2.46) and 4 (p = 0.003; ES: 2.25; 95% CI: 0.52-3.38) when compared to Day 1. Non-significant differences were found for the rest of the metrics and in the group LOWMIN. In summary, neuromuscular performance (i.e., CMJ PPREL) and subjective recovery were impaired in players with higher playing minutes during a match-congested period when compared to those with less on-court time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spyrou
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - María L. Pérez Armendáriz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - M. A. Sajith Udayanga
- Department of Sports Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo 10250, Sri Lanka;
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.P.A.); (P.E.A.); (T.T.F.)
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- NAR Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo 04753-070, Brazil
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Guo J, Chen W, Zhu H, Chen H, Teng X, Xu G. Lower ultra-short-term heart rate variability can predict worse mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:188. [PMID: 37248493 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress has been proved to be a risk factor for exacerbation for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, traditional approaches of quantifying psychological stress using psychological scales are time-consuming and the results may not be comparable among patients with different educational levels and cultural backgrounds. Alternatively, heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator for psychological stress and not biased by educational and cultural backgrounds. AIMS In this study, we try to explore the relationship between psychological stress and UC by analyzing the effect of ultra-short-term HRV on mucosal and histological remission status of UC. METHODS This is a retrospective case-control study on UC inpatients from 2018 through 2020. Ultra-short-term HRV were calculated using baseline electrocardiography. Patients were divided intocase and control groups according to their Mayo endoscopic scores or histological Geboes scores. Three variables of ultra-short-term HRV (the standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of successive differences between adjacent normal to normal R-R intervals (SDSD), the root mean square of successive differences of normal to normal R-R intervals (RMSSD)) were compared between different groups. And for those variables with significant differences, we built univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to depict the relationship between HRV variables and remission status of UC. RESULTS All three HRV variables showed significant differences between the mucosal groups. However, none of them showed significant difference between the histological groups. In further logistic regression analyses, smaller RMSSD can predict severe mucosal healing status (OR = 5.21). CONCLUSIONS Lower ultra-short-term HRV (i.e. smaller RMSSD) is shown to positively correlate with worse mucosal healing status. However, ultra-short-term HRV cannot predict histological healing status according to our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatuo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Tanoue Y, Nakashima S, Komatsu T, Kosugi M, Kawakami S, Kawakami S, Michishita R, Higaki Y, Uehara Y. The Validity of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability during Cycling Exercise. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3325. [PMID: 36992045 PMCID: PMC10058535 DOI: 10.3390/s23063325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) has been validated in the resting state, but its validity during exercise is unclear. This study aimed to examine the validity in ultra-short-term HRV during exercise considering the different exercise intensities. HRVs of twenty-nine healthy adults were measured during incremental cycle exercise tests. HRV parameters (Time-, frequency-domain and non-linear) corresponding to each of the 20% (low), 50% (moderate), and 80% (high) peak oxygen uptakes were compared between the different time segments of HRV analysis (180 s (sec) segment vs. 30, 60, 90, and 120-sec segments). Overall, the differences (bias) between ultra-short-term HRVs increased as the time segment became shorter. In moderate- and high-intensity exercises, the differences in ultra-short-term HRV were more significant than in low intensity exercise. Thus, we discovered that the validity of ultra-short-term HRV differed with the duration of the time segment and exercise intensities. However, the ultra-short-term HRV is feasible in the cycling exercise, and we determined some optimal time duration for HRV analysis for across exercise intensities during the incremental cycling exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Tanoue
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shihoko Nakashima
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Komatsu
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Center for Preventive, Anti-Aging, and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Miki Kosugi
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Saki Kawakami
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kawakami
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryoma Michishita
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Center for Preventive, Anti-Aging, and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Doewes RI, Elumalai G, Azmi SH. ANALYSIS OF DRIBBLING-DISTANCE COVERAGE PERFORMED BY FUTSAL ATHLETES INDONESIAN FUTSAL LEAGUE 2021. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228052021_0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Futsal players must master dribbling in attack and defense positions for a more significant competitive advantage. Optimizing technical control can positively influence decision-making. However, the literature lacks comparative analyses focused on the coverage distance of this technique in sports finals and semifinals. Objective: Analyze the coverage distance of dribbling by futsal players, comparing semifinals and finals results in the Indonesian Futsal League 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional research design method is used in this research. The samples consisted of four games (two semifinal games and two final games) played by four teams (40 players). Movie Maker software was used to cut videos on each dribbling movement, and Kinovea software analyzed dribbling distance. Dribbling-distance differences between the first and second halves of the games were calculated using Wilcoxon’s test. Results: The results show no statistically significant difference in dribbling distances between the first and second halves of the semifinals and finals (p = 0.402 for the semifinals dan p = 0.090 for the finals). Regarding the team analysis, most of the dribbling distances covered in the first and second halves of the semifinals and finals by players from each team were not statistically different, except those covered by Team BTS players in the finals. In all, there were 712 dribbling occurrences in the semifinals and finals, covering 5621.98 meters. The average dribbling distance was 7.90 meters and SD 4.41. Conclusions: The dribbling-distance coverage in the semifinals and finals of the Indonesian Futsal League 2021 was an average of 7.90 meters; no statistically significant difference was found between the finals and semifinals results.Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia; University Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
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Bellenger CR, Miller D, Halson SL, Roach GD, Maclennan M, Sargent C. Evaluating the Typical Day-to-Day Variability of WHOOP-Derived Heart Rate Variability in Olympic Water Polo Athletes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6723. [PMID: 36146073 PMCID: PMC9505647 DOI: 10.3390/s22186723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) can be used to infer readiness to perform exercise in athletic populations. Advancements in the photoplethysmography technology of wearable devices such as WHOOP allow for the frequent and convenient measurement of HR and HRV, and therefore enhanced application in athletes. However, it is important that the reliability of such technology is acceptable prior to its application in practical settings. Eleven elite male water polo players (age 28.8 ± 5.3 years [mean ± standard deviation]; height 190.3 ± 3.8 cm; body mass 95.0 ± 6.9 kg; international matches 117.9 ± 92.1) collected their HR and HRV daily via a WHOOP strap (WHOOP 3.0, CB Rank, Boston, MA, USA) over 16 weeks ahead of the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games. The WHOOP strap quantified HR and HRV via wrist-based photoplethysmography during overnight sleep periods. The weekly (i.e., 7-day) coefficient of variation in lnRMSSD (lnRMSSDCV) and HR (HRCV) was calculated as a measure of day-to-day variability in lnRMSSD and HR, and presented as a mean of the entire recording period. The mean weekly lnRMSSDCV and HRCV over the 16-week period was 5.4 ± 0.7% (mean ± 95% confidence intervals) and 7.6 ± 1.3%, respectively. The day-to-day variability in WHOOP-derived lnRMSSD and HR is within or below the range of day-to-day variability in alternative lnRMSSD (~3-13%) and HR (~10-11%) assessment protocols, indicating that the assessment of HR and HRV by WHOOP does not introduce any more variability than that which is naturally present in these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint R. Bellenger
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Dean Miller
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
| | - Shona L. Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane 4014, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Roach
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
| | | | - Charli Sargent
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
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Relationships between perceived measures of internal load and wellness status during overseas futsal training camps. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267227. [PMID: 35439262 PMCID: PMC9017953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and sport practitioners frequently utilize rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to evaluate the players’ psychophysiological strains during training sessions. The subjective rating of physical exertion level during sports training has been shown to have a reciprocal relationship with wellness status during periodic training or competitive seasons. However, the relationship between subjective physical exertions and wellness status during short-term overseas training camps (OTCs) has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to examine the perceived responses of physical exertions [session-RPE (sRPE), training monotony, and training strain] and wellness status (fatigue, sleep, delayed onset muscle soreness, stress, and mood) measures in elite young adult futsal players from four separate OTCs with different training tasks. Twenty-seven U-20 male national team futsal players voluntarily participated in this study. The players recruited for OTCs were based on their performance during domestic training camps and the tactical demand of the team. The task of each OTCs was defined as: 1) 1st OTC = game-based camp (n = 14); 2) 2nd and 3rd OTC = training-based camp (n = 20 and n = 17, respectively); and 3) 4th OTC = pre-tournament camp (n = 14). The OTCs consisted of 11 training sessions (18.9 hours) and 16 friendly matches (23.8 hours). During daily training sessions and friendly matches, sRPE was used to quantify training load (TL). Additionally, a five-elements general wellness questionnaire was used to evaluate daily wellness status in the morning. The results demonstrated that the mean and sum sRPE in the game-based OTCs were significantly lower compared to the mean sRPE [p < 0.01, effect size (ES) = -4.8; p < 0.01, ES = -2.9] and sum sRPE in the training-based OTCs (p < 0.01, ES = -3.6; p < 0.01, ES = -3.1). The mean (p = 0.01; ES = -2.0) and sum sRPE (p < 0.01; ES = -3.4) in the game-based OTC were also lower than that in the pre-tournament OTC. Conversely, the wellness scores in the game-based OTC were higher compared to the training-based (p = 0.01; ES = 1.8) and the pre-tournament OTCs (p < 0.01; ES = 1.6). There was a negative relationship between mean and sum sRPE and all wellness scores (mean sRPE = r = -0.441 ~ -0.575, p < 0.001; sum sRPE = r = -0.41 ~ -0.559, p < 0.001). Our findings suggested that responses to training sessions, derived from mean and sum sRPE and wellness scores, are dependent upon the task-specific nature of OTCs among elite futsal players. Utilization of mean and sum sRPE and wellness measures to monitor the psychophysiological health during short-term OTCs is recommended.
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Lu YX, Clemente FM, Bezerra P, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Cheng SC, Chien CH, Kuo CD, Chen YS. Quantification of Respiratory and Muscular Perceived Exertions as Perceived Measures of Internal Loads During Domestic and Overseas Training Camps in Elite Futsal Players. Front Psychol 2022; 12:751030. [PMID: 35153893 PMCID: PMC8833098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scales with respiratory and muscular illustrations are recognized as simple and practical methods to understand individual psychometric characteristics in breathing and muscle exertion during exercise. However, the implementation of respiratory and muscular RPE to quantify training load in futsal training camps has not been examined. This study investigates respiratory and muscular RPE relationships during domestic training camps (DTC) and overseas training camps (OTC) in an under 20 futsal national team. Methods Data collected from eleven field players were used for comparison in this study (age = 18.7 ± 0.7 years, height = 171.9 ± 6.1 cm, body weight = 64.2 ± 8.4 kg). All players reported Borg CR10 RPE (RPECR10) and 7-scales respiratory RPE (RPErespiration) and muscular RPE (RPEmuscle) (Dalhousie pictorial scales) after training sessions and matches. Additionally, total distance covered (TD) and training impulse (TRIMP) were used to quantify external and internal loads via the Polar Team Pro system. Paired-sample t-tests were used to compare the RPECR10, RPErespiration, RPEmuscle, TD, and TRIMP between DTC and OTC. Furthermore, linear regression was performed to determine the relationships among all RPE scales, TD, and TRIMP. Results The RPECR10 (p = 0.047), TD (p < 0.001), and TRIMP (p < 0.001) showed significant difference between DTC and OTC. Furthermore, linear regression analyses showed significant correlation between RPErespiration and RPEmuscle (DTC: r = 0.857, p = 0.006; OTC: r = 0.924, p < 0.001), RPECR10 and RPErespiration (DTC: r = 0.857, p = 0.001; OTC: r = 0.863, p = 0.001), and RPECR10 and RPEmuscle (DTC: r = 0.906, p < 0.001; OTC: r = 0.900, p < 0.001). Conclusion Pictorial RPErespiration or RPEmuscle can be used as an alternative to quantify perceived measures of internal loads during DTC and OTC in futsal players. Interpretation of perceived measures of training load and cardiac-related responses in association with external training loads during short-term training camps would be useful in further understanding the demands of futsal players’ experience in these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xian Lu
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Filipe M. Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Shih-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chien
- Exercise and Health Promotion Association, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taian Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Deng Kuo,
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Exercise and Health Promotion Association, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Yung-Sheng Chen,
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Soer R, Six Dijkstra MWMC, Bieleman HJ, Oosterveld FGJ, Rijken NHM. Influence of respiration frequency on heart rate variability parameters: A randomized cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:1063-1068. [PMID: 34024811 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients visiting physiotherapists for musculoskeletal disorders face psychosocial challenges which may form a large barrier to recover. There are only a limited number of evidence based psychosocial therapies, but they are mainly based on breathing exercises. OBJECTIVE to study which respiration frequency would lead to the highest relaxation, reflected in vagal tone derived from the heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy subjects. METHODS A randomized controlled cross sectional study was performed. Respiration cycles of four, five, six, seven and eight breaths per minute (BPM) were delivered in randomized order for two minutes each. HRV metrics were measured during the sessions with electrocardiogram (ECG). Repeated Measures ANOVA's were performed to analyze differences between breathing frequencies. RESULTS 100 healthy volunteers were included (40 male). Standard Deviation of inter beat intervals (SDNN) values were significantly highest at 5 BPM, whereas the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) values appeared highest at 7 breaths per minute (p< 0.01). High Frequency (HF) power was lowest at 4 BPM, whereas Low Frequency (LF) power was not significantly influenced by respiration frequency. CONCLUSIONS Breathing at a frequency of 5 to 7 breaths per minute leads to highest HRV values, but there is no single respiration ratio that maximizes all metrics. Physiotherapists may use five to seven BPM as guidance to determine ideal breathing frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Soer
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Physical Activity, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Groningen Pain Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik J Bieleman
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Physical Activity, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Frits G J Oosterveld
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Physical Activity, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje H M Rijken
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Physical Activity, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Bellenger CR, Miller DJ, Halson SL, Roach GD, Sargent C. Wrist-Based Photoplethysmography Assessment of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: Validation of WHOOP. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103571. [PMID: 34065516 PMCID: PMC8160717 DOI: 10.3390/s21103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) infer readiness to perform exercise in athletic populations. Technological advancements have facilitated HR and HRV quantification via photoplethysmography (PPG). This study evaluated the validity of WHOOP’s PPG-derived HR and HRV against electrocardiogram-derived (ECG) measures. HR and HRV were assessed via HR and HRV were assessed via WHOOP 2.0 and ECG over 15 opportunities during October–December 2018. WHOOP-derived pulse-to-pulse (PP) intervals were edited with WHOOP’s proprietary filter, in addition to various filter strengths via Kubios HRV software. HR and HRV (Ln RMSSD) were quantified for each filter strength. Agreement was assessed via bias and limits of agreement (LOA), and contextualised using smallest worthwhile change (SWC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Regardless of filter strength, bias (≤0.39 ± 0.38%) and LOA (≤1.56%) in HR were lower than the CV (10–11%) and SWC (5–5.5%) for this parameter. For Ln RMSSD, bias (1.66 ± 1.80%) and LOA (±5.93%) were lowest for a 200 ms filter and WHOOP’s proprietary filter, which approached or exceeded the CV (3–13%) and SWC (1.5–6.5%) for this parameter. Acceptable agreement was found between WHOOP- and ECG-derived HR. Bias and LOA in Ln RMSSD approached or exceeded the SWC/CV for this variable and should be interpreted against its own level of bias precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint R. Bellenger
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-2060
| | - Dean J. Miller
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5043, Australia; (D.J.M.); (G.D.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Shona L. Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane 4014, Australia;
| | - Gregory D. Roach
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5043, Australia; (D.J.M.); (G.D.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Charli Sargent
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5043, Australia; (D.J.M.); (G.D.R.); (C.S.)
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Chen YS, Pagaduan JC, Bezerra P, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Kuo CD, Clemente FM. Agreement of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Recordings During Overseas Training Camps in Under-20 National Futsal Players. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621399. [PMID: 33613397 PMCID: PMC7892599 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monitoring the daily change in resting heart rate variability (HRV) can provide information regarding training adaptation and recovery status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during training camps. However, it remains unclear whether postural stabilization is essential for valid and reliable ultra-short-term (HRVUST) recordings in short-term overseas training camps. Design: Observational and longitudinal study. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate ultra-short-term heart rate variability recordings under stabilization or post-stabilization periods in four overseas training camps. Participant: Twenty-seven U-20 male national team futsal players voluntarily participated in this study. Method: Resting HRV was evaluated for 10 min during the early morning of each training camp. The natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences (LnRMSSD) was used for comparisons. Time segments of HRV were divided into two periods with three measures within each: (1) the first 30-s (1st_30 s LnRMSSD), the first 60-s (1st_60 s LnRMSSD), and the 5-min standard (1st_5 min LnRMSSD) during stabilization; (2) the first 30-s (2nd_30 s LnRMSSD), the first 60-s (2nd_60 s LnRMSSD), and the 5-min standard (2nd_5 min LnRMSSD) after stabilization. Result: The results demonstrated trivial to small ES (−0.03; 0.46), very large to nearly perfect ICC (0.76; 0.98), and narrow range of SEM (0.06; 0.31) when all time segments of HRVUST were compared to the 1st_5 min and 2nd_5 min HRV. Furthermore, the magnitude of the correlation coefficients ranged from very high to nearly perfect for all the time segments (r = 0.83; 0.97). The HRVUST posted excellent agreement in all time segments (bias = −0.05; 0.12) with/without postural stabilization. Trivial to small levels of effect size in all time segments of LnRMSSDmean (0.02; 0.41 ES) and LnRMSSDcv (−0.49; −0.02 ES) across overseas training camps was identified. Conclusion: The first 30 or 60-s LnRMSSD recordings can be used to evaluate daily cardiac-autonomic function during overseas training camps in futsal players. The process for stabilization seems to be unnecessary for measuring the morning resting LnRMSSD in overseas training camps among young adult futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,Exercise and Health Promotion Association, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey C Pagaduan
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taian Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
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Suárez Iglesias D, Leicht AS, Pojskić H, Vaquera A. Impact of contextual factors on match demands experienced by elite male referees during international basketball tournaments. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:936-943. [PMID: 33234010 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1851902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the cardiovascular responses and locomotory demands of male referees during diverse elite, international, basketball matches, and to investigate the influence of moderating factors (competition sex, level and stage) on these demands. Cardiovascular and locomotory responses were monitored in 123 elite, male referees while officiating 283 basketball sessions (preparation until match end), during group and playoff stages, of women's and men's FIBA Continental and World Cups at senior and youth level. The total and average session distance and velocity were ~4740 m, 19.0 m·min -1 and 2 km·h -1. Referees experienced an average relative HR of 60-65% maximum HR with ~85% of each session spent within the very light to moderate HR categories. The average session relative HR was significantly greater for men compared to women competition, during senior compared to youth sessions, and for the group compared to the playoff stage sessions. Mean distance covered was significantly greater during senior and men compared with youth and women sessions. Elite, international male basketball referees experienced moderate cardiovascular load accompanied with intermittent locomotor activities during international sessions when accounting for all occupational activities. International competitions are more demanding for referees based upon competition sex, level and stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Suárez Iglesias
- VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Haris Pojskić
- Department of Sports Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Vaquera
- VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of León, León, Spain.,Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, UK
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Chen YS, Lu WA, Pagaduan JC, Kuo CD. A Novel Smartphone App for the Measurement of Ultra-Short-Term and Short-Term Heart Rate Variability: Validity and Reliability Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18761. [PMID: 32735219 PMCID: PMC7428904 DOI: 10.2196/18761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone apps for heart rate variability (HRV) measurement have been extensively developed in the last decade. However, ultra–short-term HRV recordings taken by wearable devices have not been examined. Objective The aims of this study were the following: (1) to compare the validity and reliability of ultra–short-term and short-term HRV time-domain and frequency-domain variables in a novel smartphone app, Pulse Express Pro (PEP), and (2) to determine the agreement of HRV assessments between an electrocardiogram (ECG) and PEP. Methods In total, 60 healthy adults were recruited to participate in this study (mean age 22.3 years [SD 3.0 years], mean height 168.4 cm [SD 8.0 cm], mean body weight 64.2 kg [SD 11.5 kg]). A 5-minute resting HRV measurement was recorded via ECG and PEP in a sitting position. Standard deviation of normal R-R interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive R-R interval (RMSSD), proportion of NN50 divided by the total number of RR intervals (pNN50), normalized very-low–frequency power (nVLF), normalized low-frequency power (nLF), and normalized high-frequency power (nHF) were analyzed within 9 time segments of HRV recordings: 0-1 minute, 1-2 minutes, 2-3 minutes, 3-4 minutes, 4-5 minutes, 0-2 minutes, 0-3 minutes, 0-4 minutes, and 0-5 minutes (standard). Standardized differences (ES), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and the Spearman product-moment correlation were used to compare the validity and reliability of each time segment to the standard measurement (0-5 minutes). Limits of agreement were assessed by using Bland-Altman plot analysis. Results Compared to standard measures in both ECG and PEP, pNN50, SDNN, and RMSSD variables showed trivial ES (<0.2) and very large to nearly perfect ICC and Spearman correlation coefficient values in all time segments (>0.8). The nVLF, nLF, and nHF demonstrated a variation of ES (from trivial to small effects, 0.01-0.40), ICC (from moderate to nearly perfect, 0.39-0.96), and Spearman correlation coefficient values (from moderate to nearly perfect, 0.40-0.96). Furthermore, the Bland-Altman plots showed relatively narrow values of mean difference between the ECG and PEP after consecutive 1-minute recordings for SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50. Acceptable limits of agreement were found after consecutive 3-minute recordings for nLF and nHF. Conclusions Using the PEP app to facilitate a 1-minute ultra–short-term recording is suggested for time-domain HRV indices (SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50) to interpret autonomic functions during stabilization. When using frequency-domain HRV indices (nLF and nHF) via the PEP app, a recording of at least 3 minutes is needed for accurate measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-An Lu
- Institute of Cultural Asset and Reinvention, Fo-Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey C Pagaduan
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
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Clemente FM, Silva AF, Sarmento H, Ramirez-Campillo R, Chiu YW, Lu YX, Bezerra P, Chen YS. Psychobiological Changes during National Futsal Team Training Camps and Their Relationship with Training Load. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061843. [PMID: 32178370 PMCID: PMC7143129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the within-week variations of heart rate, session-rated of perceived exertion (sRPE), total distance, distance in 8.0–11.99 km/h−1, recovery distance in 12.0–17.99 km/h−1, distance in >18.0 km/h−1, maximum speed, number of sprints, heart rate variability, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue during training camps of a national futsal team; and (2) to analyze the relationships between load and the well-being. Twenty-eight men from the Chinese Taipei U−20 national futsal team were analyzed. Comparisons of training days revealed that the total distance was significantly smaller on day 1 (d = −1.22) and day 6 (d = −1.95) than on day 3. The sRPE values were significantly lower on day 1 than days 4 (d = −1.53), 5 (d = −2.07), and 6 (d = −2.59). The relationships between training load and recovery parameters revealed moderate correlations between the DOMS and the sRPE recorded one (r = −0.321) and two days before training (r = −0.289). It is possible conclude that first day imposed a smaller external load and internal load, and that the internal load had a greater dependent relationship with reported DOMS and fatigue during the training camps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (P.B.)
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (P.B.)
- N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Human Performance Laboratory. Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos. Lord Cochrane 1046, Osorno, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Av Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 2027, Chile
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Xian Lu
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (Y.-X.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Athletes and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (P.B.)
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (Y.-X.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
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