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Reicks M, Lora KR, Jin Y, Anderson AK, Monroe-Lord L, Jones BL, Topham GL, Banna J, Gunther C, Hopkins LC, Richards R, Wong SS. Parenting Practices Are Associated With Adolescent Food Choices During Independent Eating Occasions. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1479-1487.e4. [PMID: 37196979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequency of independent eating occasions (iEOs) has been linked to intake of unhealthy foods and overweight or obesity among adolescents. Parenting practices involving modeling healthy food intake and making healthy foods available have been associated with healthy food intake among adolescents; however, little is known about these associations during iEOs. OBJECTIVE To determine whether parenting practices involving structure (monitoring, availability, modeling, and expectations), lack of structure (indulgence), and autonomy support reported by adolescents or parents were associated with adolescent iEO intake of junk foods, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary foods, and fruit and vegetables. DESIGN Cross-sectional study measuring parenting practices and adolescent iEO food choices via an online survey and adapted food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Parent/adolescent dyads (n = 622) completed surveys (November-December 2021) using a national Qualtrics panel database. Adolescents were 11 to 14 years of age and had iEOs at least weekly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary measures included parent- and adolescent-reported frequency of food parenting practices and adolescent-reported iEO intake of junk foods, sugary foods, SSBs, and fruits and vegetables. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between parenting practices and iEO intake of foods/beverages, adjusting for adolescent's age, sex, race and ethnicity, iEO frequency, parent's education and marital status, and household food security status. Bonferroni multiple comparison corrections were conducted. RESULTS More than half of parents were female (66%) and 35 to 64 years of age (58%). Adolescents/parents identified as White/Caucasian (44%/42%), Black/African American (28%/27%), Asian (21%/23%), and Hispanic ethnicity (42%/42%). Positive associations were observed among adolescent-reported and parent-reported autonomy support, monitoring, indulgence and expectations parenting practices, and adolescent-reported daily iEO intake frequencies of junk foods, sugary foods, and fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Structural and autonomy support parenting practices were positively associated with both healthy and unhealthy iEO food intake by adolescents. Interventions to improve adolescent iEO intake could promote positive practices associated with healthy food consumption.
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Eicher-Miller HA, Graves L, McGowan B, Mayfield BJ, Connolly BA, Stevens W, Abbott A. A Scoping Review of Household Factors Contributing to Dietary Quality and Food Security in Low-Income Households with School-Age Children in the United States. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:914-945. [PMID: 37182740 PMCID: PMC10334140 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-income and food-insecure households are at risk of poor dietary quality and even more severe food insecurity. Especially in childhood, consuming a nutritionally adequate diet is an essential driver of health, growth, and development. Household-level factors can present challenges to support the nutritional needs of low-income and food-insecure household members. The aim of this scoping review is to identify the contributing household factors to dietary quality and food security in US households of school-aged children 5 to 19 years and synthesize the evidence around emergent themes for application to future interventions. The scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews using search terms addressing food insecurity, low income, and dietary behaviors in the database PubMed. Screening by 3 independent reviewers of the title, abstract, and full study phases identified 44 studies. The 5 themes around which the studies grouped were: parental behaviors, child/adolescent behaviors, food procurement behaviors, food preparation behaviors, and household environment factors. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 41, 93%) and focused on parental behaviors (n = 31, 70%), followed by food preparation and procurement behaviors. The themes identified were interrelated and suggest that incorporating education on parent and child behaviors that influence food procurement and preparation, along with strengthening organization and planning in the household environment, may hold promise to improve dietary quality and food security among food-insecure and low-income households. The findings can be used to inform future nutrition education interventions aimed at improving dietary quality and food security in households with school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Graves
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bethany McGowan
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Blake A Connolly
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue Extension, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wanda Stevens
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue Extension, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Angela Abbott
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue Extension, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Harper K, Skinner R, Martinez-Baack M, Caulfield LE, Gross SM, Mmari K. Strategies to Improve Adolescent Food Security from the Perspectives of Policy Advocates, Parents, and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224707. [PMID: 36432394 PMCID: PMC9699391 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored strategies to improve adolescent food security using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 policy advocates, 12 parents and 15 adolescents aged between 17 and 20 years, living in households who were eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in 2020. This study was part of a larger evaluation of adolescent food insecurity conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, USA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three key strategies arose during analysis-improving federal nutrition assistance programs for households, federal nutrition assistance programs for individual adolescents, and leveraging school programs and resources. Respondents described concordant views regarding the role of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in supporting households but held discordant views about the role of other federal programs, such as the school nutrition programs and Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer program. The results of this study provide important insights about policy and programmatic supports that may assist adolescents to acquire food for themselves and their families. Future research should test how federal programs and policies specifically impact food security and nutrition for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Harper
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebecca Skinner
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michelle Martinez-Baack
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura E. Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan M. Gross
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kristin Mmari
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Relationship between Family Racial/Ethnic Backgrounds, Parenting Practices and Styles, and Adolescent Eating Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127388. [PMID: 35742636 PMCID: PMC9224503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is more prevalent among racial minority children in the United States, as compared to White children. Parenting practices can impact the development of children's eating behaviors and habits. In this study, we investigated the relationships among racial/ethnic backgrounds, parenting practices and styles, and eating behaviors in adolescents. Fifty-one parent-adolescent dyads were interviewed to characterize parenting practices and styles, as well as the consumption of dairy, fruits and vegetables, and unhealthy snacks. Height and weight were measured to calculate parent BMI and adolescent BMI-for-age percentiles. Three parenting practice categories-modeling, authoritative, and authoritarian-were found to be related to race/ethnicity. A higher score in authoritarian parenting practices was related to higher BMI percentiles among African American adolescents, whereas a higher score in monitoring practices was related to lower BMI percentiles among non-Hispanic White adolescents. Modeling, reasoning, and monitoring led to higher consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents; however, the consumption of unhealthy snacks was higher with rule-setting and lower with reasoning and authoritative practices. Finally, an analysis of the relationships between environmental factors and snack intake showed that adolescents consumed significantly more unhealthy snacks when performing other activities while eating. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that families' racial heritages are related to their parenting practices, BMI percentiles, and their adolescents' food consumption and eating behaviors. The results of this study can be used to develop and improve adolescent nutrition education and interventions with consideration of their racial/ethnic backgrounds.
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Monroe-Lord L, Jones BL, Richards R, Reicks M, Gunther C, Banna J, Topham GL, Anderson A, Lora KR, Wong SS, Ballejos M, Hopkins L, Ardakani A. Parenting Practices and Adolescents' Eating Behaviors in African American Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010110. [PMID: 35010370 PMCID: PMC8750164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parents play an important role in developing the eating behaviors of their children by adopting specific parenting practices. As the prevalence of obesity is high amongst African American adolescents, investigations into associations of specific parenting practices and adolescents’ eating behaviors are essential. In this exploratory study, 14 African American parent–adolescent dyads were interviewed to characterize the influence of eight different parenting practices on the consumption of three main food categories (dairy, fruits and vegetables, and unhealthy snacks). The results revealed that authoritarian parenting practices were correlated with a higher BMI percentile in adolescents, whereas modeling and monitoring are correlated with a higher parent BMI. In addition, reasoning, monitoring, modeling, and authoritative parenting practices were associated with less unhealthy snack consumption among adolescents. Reasoning and monitoring were the only parenting practices associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption. Finally, a significant correlation was found between eating fruits and vegetables and unhealthy snacks and the location of eating. In conclusion, different parenting practices and environmental factors may impact BMI and food consumption of African American dyads. The results of this study can be used to guide improvement in, and/or development of, nutritional education interventions considering the cultural differences of racial minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Center for Nutrition, Diet and Health, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +202-274-7125
| | - Blake L. Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Carolyn Gunther
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Jinan Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Glade L. Topham
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Alex Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Karina R. Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Miriam Ballejos
- Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
| | - Laura Hopkins
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, 275 Eastland Rd., Berea, OH 44017, USA;
| | - Azam Ardakani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
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van Nee RL, van Kleef E, van Trijp HCM. Dutch Preadolescents' Food Consumption at School: Influence of Autonomy, Competence and Parenting Practices. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051505. [PMID: 33946949 PMCID: PMC8145952 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits appear to become less healthy once children move into adolescence. Adolescence is characterized by increasing independence and autonomy. Still, parents continue influencing adolescents' eating habits. This cross-sectional study used a Self-Determination Theory perspective to examine how parents can support preadolescents' food-related autonomy and competence and how these factors are associated with healthy eating motivation and food consumption at school. In addition, the effect of relative healthy food availability at home on preadolescents' food consumption at school was explored. In total, 142 Dutch preadolescents (mean age 12.18) and 81 parents completed questionnaires. The results showed that preadolescents perceived themselves as having higher food-related autonomy and lower competence to eat healthily as compared to their parents' perceptions. A path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Although parental support was positively associated with food-related autonomy, higher food-related autonomy was related to less healthy food intake at school. On the other hand, competence to eat healthily indirectly affected preadolescents' healthy intake ratio through their healthy eating motivation. Finally, the relative availability of healthy options at home was positively associated with preadolescents' healthy intake ratio outside the home. Findings from the study advance the understanding of individual and environmental factors that influence eating habits during the key life period of early adolescence. The results may inform interventions aiming to guide preadolescents to make healthy food choices on their own.
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Hildrey R, Karner H, Serrao J, Lin CA, Shanley E, Duffy VB. Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey (PALS) with Tailored Nutrition Education Messages: Application to a Middle School Setting. Foods 2021; 10:579. [PMID: 33801962 PMCID: PMC8001433 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the feasibility of a school-based, liking-based behavioral screener (Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey (PALS)) and message program to motivate healthy diet and activity behaviors. Students, recruited from middle- (n = 195) or low-income (n = 310) schools, online-reported: likes/dislikes of foods/beverages and physical/sedentary activities, scored into healthy behavior indexes (HBI); perceived food insecurity; and sleep indicators. Students received tailored motivating or reinforcing messages (aligned with behavior change theories) and indicated their willingness to improve target behaviors as well as program feasibility (acceptability; usefulness). Although HBIs averaged lower in the lower versus middle-income school, frequencies of food insecurity were similar (39-44% of students). Students in both schools reported sleep concerns (middle-income school-43% reported insufficient hours of sleep/night; low-income school-55% reported excessive daytime sleepiness). Students across both schools confirmed the PALS acceptability (>85% agreement to answering questions quickly and completion without help) and usefulness (≥73% agreed PALS got them thinking about their behaviors) as well as the tailored message acceptability (≥73% reported the messages as helpful; learning new information; wanting to receive more messages) and usefulness (73% reported "liking" to try one behavioral improvement). Neither message type nor response varied significantly by food insecurity or sleep measures. Thus, this program feasibly delivered students acceptable and useful messages to motivate healthier behaviors and identified areas for school-wide health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hildrey
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of CT, Storrs, CT 06269-1101, USA; (R.H.); (H.K.); (J.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Heidi Karner
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of CT, Storrs, CT 06269-1101, USA; (R.H.); (H.K.); (J.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Jessica Serrao
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of CT, Storrs, CT 06269-1101, USA; (R.H.); (H.K.); (J.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Carolyn A. Lin
- Communications Department, University of CT, Storrs, CT 06269-1101, USA;
| | - Ellen Shanley
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of CT, Storrs, CT 06269-1101, USA; (R.H.); (H.K.); (J.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Valerie B. Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of CT, Storrs, CT 06269-1101, USA; (R.H.); (H.K.); (J.S.); (E.S.)
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