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Li Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Lu Y, Sun L, Zhang Y. Ecological Risk Assessment of Three Pesticide Additives in Soil and Application to the Remediation of Contaminated Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1677-1689. [PMID: 38661489 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide additives (PAs) are auxiliary ingredients added to the pesticide manufacturing and use processes, constituting 1% to 99% of the pesticide and often composed of benzene and chlorinated hydrocarbons. We selected three typical PAs, toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene, to evaluate their retention function toxicity and ecological risk in soil. Soil immobilization techniques and aquatic model organisms were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the immobilized soil method to determine the ecological risk of chemicals. The 48-h median lethal concentrations of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene alone in spiked soil on Daphnia magna were 10.5, 2.3, and 1.1 mg/L (medium, high, and high toxicity, respectively). The toxicity of the three-PA mixtures showed an antagonistic effect. The risk levels of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene in the soil were evaluated as moderate to high, low to high, and high risk, respectively. The toxicity of two pesticide-contaminated sites in the Yangtze River Delta before and after remediation was successfully evaluated by immobilized soil technology. The toxicity of two soil sampling points was reduced from medium toxic to low toxic and no toxic, respectively, after remediation. The results of our study give a rationale for and prove the validity of the aquatic model organisms and soil immobilization techniques in assessing the soil retention functions toxicity of PAs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1677-1689. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongze Lu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, China
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Xu W, Wang W, Deng B, Liu Q. A review of the formation conditions and assessment methods of black and odorous water. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:42. [PMID: 38102303 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Black and odorous water is an extreme pollution phenomenon. This article reviews the formation process, formation conditions, and evaluation methods of black and odorous water. The results indicate that N, P, and TOC are the key nutrients inducing black and odorous water while S, Fe, and Mn are key elements forming blackening and odorizing pollutants. In addition, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and Actinobacteria participate in the biogeochemistry cycles of key elements and play important roles in the blackening and odorizing process of water. The black and odorous thresholds that need further verification are as follows: 1.0 g/L of organic matrix, 2.0-8.0 mg/L of NH3-N, 0.6-1.2 mg/L of TP, 0.05 mg/L of Fe2+, 0.3 mg/L of Mn2+, 1.2-2.0 mg/L of DO, and -50 to 50 mV of the ORP. In order to propose a universal assessment method, it is suggested that NH3-N, DO, COD, BOD, and TP serve as the assessment indicators, and the levels of pollutions are I (not black odor), II (mild black odor), III (moderate black odor), IV (severe black odor), and inferior IV (extremely black odor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Xu
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Binbin Deng
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Qiuxin Liu
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China.
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Zhang LL, Pei ZT, Zhao YN, Zhang J, Xu RR, Zhang M, Wang WQ, Sun LW, Zhu GC. Toxicity Changes of Heavily Polluted River Sediments on Daphnia magna Before and After Dredging. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:874-881. [PMID: 33231746 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most of the pollutants discharged into the water will deposit at the bottom of the river and may cause biological toxicity. Daphnia magna-elutriate toxicity bioassay was usually applied to evaluate sediment toxicity. However, the loss of hydrophobic pollutants during the elutriating will lead to the underestimation of sediment toxicity. The purpose of this study is to apply the optimized immobilized sediments to D. magna test, so it can be directly exposed to the sediments and get accurate sediment toxicity results. The optimized immobilized sediment was prepared by mixing 1 g sediment with 7.5 mL 3% (w/v) alginate and hardened in a 4% (w/v) CaCl2 solution. Based on D. magna acute toxicity test, the median lethal concentration values (LC50) of the spiked Cu and diuron measured by using immobilized sediment were both lower than that of using the elutriate, in which the difference of Cu-LC50 reached a significant level. The toxicity changes of sediment in the polluted rivers before and after dredging were then be evaluated by using the immobilized sediment. The toxicity of the sediments at four sites decreased from acute-toxic (pro-dredging) to slight-acute-toxic and nontoxic (post-dredging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou-Tao Pei
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhao
- Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Engineering Laboratory of Xizang, School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rou-Rou Xu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Wei Sun
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guang-Can Zhu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, Jiangsu, China.
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Yuan N, Pei Y, Bao A, Wang C. The Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Daphnia magna to Dewatered Drinking Water Treatment Residue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165863. [PMID: 32823506 PMCID: PMC7460191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There have been widespread attempts to recycle drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) after dewatering for environmental remediation, which is beneficial for both the environment and the economy. The directly discharged DWTR without dewatering to natural water bodies, however, was reported to show signs of chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna (D. magna), a typical zooplankton in the aquatic environment. This study comprehensively assessed the effect of dewatered DWTR on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of D. magna based on acute and chronic toxicity tests. The results showed that the survival, growth, reproduction, body morphology of offspring, and the antioxidant enzymes of D. magna were not affected by the dewatered DWTR. These physiological and biochemical indexes also had no undesirable changes for the DWTR-amended sediments (with ratios of 0–50%) incubated for 10 and 180 d; the growth and reproduction were even promoted when D. magna was exposed to 5000 mg-sediment L−1, which may be due to the extra nutrients supplied by the amended sediments for the animals. The results demonstrated that by contrast with the directly discharged DWTR without dewatering, the dewatered DWTR could be safe to D. magna. Further analysis suggested that heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn) with relatively low concentrations and high stability could be the main reasons leading to the high safety of the dewatered DWTR. Overall, dewatered DWTR can be considered a non-hazardous material for zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yuan
- Electronic Information Technology School, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (N.Y.); (A.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| | - Anping Bao
- Electronic Information Technology School, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (N.Y.); (A.B.)
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-8688-2210
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