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Peng Z, Zhang B, Wang D, Niu X, Sun J, Xu H, Cao J, Shen Z. Application of machine learning in atmospheric pollution research: A state-of-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168588. [PMID: 37981149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is an artificial intelligence technology that has been used in atmospheric pollution research due to their powerful fitting ability. In this review, 105 articles related to ML and the atmospheric pollution research are critically reviewed. Applications of ML in the prediction of atmospheric pollution (mainly particulate matters) are systematically described, including the principle of prediction, influencing factors and improvement measures. Researchers can improve the accuracy of the prediction model through three main aspects, namely considering the geographical features of the study area into the model, introducing the physical characteristics of pollutants, matching and optimizing ML models. And by using interpretable ML tools, researchers are able to understand the mechanism of the model and gain in-depth information. Then, the state-of-art applications of ML in the source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter and the effect of atmospheric pollutants on human health are also described. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the current applications of ML in atmospheric pollution research are summarized, and the application perspective of ML in this field is elucidated. Given the scarcity of source apportionment applications and human health research, standardized research methods and specialized ML methods are required in atmospheric pollution research to connect these two disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhi Peng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Lu C, Li Q, Qiao Z, Liu Q, Wang F. Effects of pre-natal and post-natal exposures to air pollution on onset and recurrence of childhood otitis media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132254. [PMID: 37572606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite mounting evidence linking outdoor air pollution with otitis media (OM), the role of air pollutant(s) exposure during which critical window(s) on childhood OM remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the key air pollutant(s) and critical window(s) associated with the onset and recurrent attacks of OM in kindergarten children. METHODS A combined cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study involving 8689 preschoolers aged 3-6 years was performed in Changsha, China. From 2013-2020, data on air pollutants were collected from ambient air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, and the exposure concentration to each child at their home address was calculated using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The relationship between air pollution and OM in kindergarten children was studied using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Childhood lifetime OM was associated with PM2.5, SO2 and NO2, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.43 (1.19-1.71), 1.18 (1.01-1.37) and 1.18 (1.00-1.39) by per IQR increase in utero exposure and with PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10, with ORs = 1.15 (1.00-1.32), 1.25 (1.13-1.40) and 1.49 (1.28-1.74) for entire post-natal exposure, respectively. The 2nd trimester in utero and the post-natal period, especially the 1st year, were key exposure time windows to PM2.5 and PM10 associated with lifetime OM and the onset of OM. Similarly, the 4th gestational month was a critical window for all pollutants except CO exposure in relation to lifetime OM and OM onset, but not recurrent OM attacks. PM2.5 exposure during the nine gestational months and PM10 exposure during the first three years had cumulative effects on OM development. Our subgroup analysis revealed that certain children were more susceptible to the OM risk posed by air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Early-life exposure to air pollution, particularly PM2.5 during the middle of gestation and PM10 during the early post-natal period, was associated with childhood OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China.
| | - Qin Li
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Zipeng Qiao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Qin Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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Maio S, Fasola S, Marcon A, Angino A, Baldacci S, Bilò MB, Bono R, La Grutta S, Marchetti P, Sarno G, Squillacioti G, Stanisci I, Pirina P, Tagliaferro S, Verlato G, Villani S, Gariazzo C, Stafoggia M, Viegi G. Relationship of long-term air pollution exposure with asthma and rhinitis in Italy: an innovative multipollutant approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115455. [PMID: 36791835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND air pollution is a complex mixture; novel multipollutant approaches could help understanding the health effects of multiple concomitant exposures to air pollutants. AIM to assess the relationship of long-term air pollution exposure with the prevalence of respiratory/allergic symptoms and diseases in an Italian multicenter study using single and multipollutant approaches. METHODS 14420 adults living in 6 Italian cities (Ancona, Pavia, Pisa, Sassari, Turin, Verona) were investigated in 2005-2011 within 11 different study cohorts. Questionnaire information about risk factors and health outcomes was collected. Machine learning derived mean annual concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and mean summer concentrations of O3 (μg/m3) at residential level (1-km resolution) were used for the period 2013-2015. The associations between the four pollutants and respiratory/allergic symptoms/diseases were assessed using two approaches: a) logistic regression models (single-pollutant models), b) principal component logistic regression models (multipollutant models). All the models were adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking habits, season of interview, climatic index and included a random intercept for cohorts. RESULTS the three-year average (± standard deviation) pollutants concentrations at residential level were: 20.3 ± 6.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 29.2 ± 7.0 μg/m3 for PM10, 28.0 ± 11.2 μg/m3 for NO2, and 70.9 ± 4.3 μg/m3 for summer O3. Through the multipollutant models the following associations emerged: PM10 and PM2.5 were related to 14-25% increased odds of rhinitis, 23-34% of asthma and 30-33% of night awakening; NO2 was related to 6-9% increased odds of rhinitis, 7-8% of asthma and 12% of night awakening; O3 was associated with 37% increased odds of asthma attacks. Overall, the Odds Ratios estimated through the multipollutant models were attenuated when compared to those of the single-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS this study enabled to obtain new information about the health effects of air pollution on respiratory/allergic outcomes in adults, applying innovative methods for exposure assessment and multipollutant analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Fasola
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Angino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Baldacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilò
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Marchetti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarno
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stanisci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Respiratory Unit, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sofia Tagliaferro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Gariazzo
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Marchetti P, Miotti J, Locatelli F, Antonicelli L, Baldacci S, Battaglia S, Bono R, Corsico A, Gariazzo C, Maio S, Murgia N, Pirina P, Silibello C, Stafoggia M, Torroni L, Viegi G, Verlato G, Marcon A. Long-term residential exposure to air pollution and risk of chronic respiratory diseases in Italy: The BIGEPI study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163802. [PMID: 37127163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution has adverse respiratory health effects. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between residential exposure to air pollutants and the risk of suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in some Italian cities. In the BIGEPI project, we harmonised questionnaire data from two population-based studies conducted in 2007-2014. By combining self-reported diagnoses, symptoms and medication use, we identified cases of rhinitis (n = 965), asthma (n = 328), chronic bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CB/COPD, n = 469), and controls (n = 2380) belonging to 13 cohorts from 8 Italian cities (Pavia, Turin, Verona, Terni, Pisa, Ancona, Palermo, Sassari). We derived mean residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and summer ozone (O3) for the period 2013-2015 using spatiotemporal models at a 1 km resolution. We fitted logistic regression models with controls as reference category, a random-intercept for cohort, and adjusting for sex, age, education, BMI, smoking, and climate. Mean ± SD exposures were 28.7 ± 6.0 μg/m3 (PM10), 20.1 ± 5.6 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 27.2 ± 9.7 μg/m3 (NO2), and 70.8 ± 4.2 μg/m3 (summer O3). The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 were higher in Northern Italian cities. We found associations between PM exposure and rhinitis (PM10: OR 1.62, 95%CI: 1.19-2.20 and PM2.5: OR 1.80, 95%CI: 1.16-2.81, per 10 μg/m3) and between NO2 exposure and CB/COPD (OR 1.22, 95%CI: 1.07-1.38 per 10 μg/m3), whereas asthma was not related to environmental exposures. Results remained consistent using different adjustment sets, including bi-pollutant models, and after excluding subjects who had changed residential address in the last 5 years. We found novel evidence of association between long-term PM exposure and increased risk of rhinitis, the chronic respiratory disease with the highest prevalence in the general population. Exposure to NO2, a pollutant characterised by strong oxidative properties, seems to affect mainly CB/COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Marchetti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Miotti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Locatelli
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Baldacci
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Respiratory Diseases Division, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Gariazzo
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Maio
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Murgia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Respiratory Unit, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorena Torroni
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Akhlaq S, Ara SA, Ahmad B, Fazil M, Akram U, Haque M, Khan AA. Interventions of Unani medicine for maintenance of health with special reference to air quality: an evidence-based review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:85-96. [PMID: 34883008 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aims to discuss the impact of air quality on human health, measures to achieve the goal of good indoor air quality and proposed benefits of interventions of Unani Medicine with an evidence-based approach. CONTENT The significance of air quality on the health of the community cannot be denied. Recent evidences from WHO illustrated data on severe air pollutants and their impacts on human health ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory ailments including lung carcinoma and heart disease associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. In Unani Medicine, air has been included in the list of factors, which are six in number and play the central role in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Air is considered as the medium of most of the extrinsic factors such as chemical and biological pollutants affecting health and their exposure results in short and long-term health issues. The literature of Unani Medicine proposes many simple and effective measures, which help to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. The goal of outdoor clean air is achieved through implementation of measures to tackle the source of pollution, while indoor clean air is attained through various means e.g., fumigation with herbal drugs. Hence, an extensive literature survey on Unani reserve was conducted to collect information about the concept of air discussed under the heading of six essential factors and its implication in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Further, research databases such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct were broadly searched for evidence on the efficacy of herbals mentioned in Unani literature for the indoor air purification and subsequent air quality improvement. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Recent studies showed good air quality leads to decrease in mortality, particularly of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths whereas poor air quality results in a variety of diseases. Unani scholars prescribed several regimens such as Bukhoor (Fumigation), Sa'oot (Nasal instillation) and use of Abeer (Perfumes) and Nadd (Incense) for the improvement of air quality. Likewise various herbal fumigants and sprays containing drugs like mī'a sā'ila (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus L.), mushk (Moschus moschiferus L.), loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), ābnoos (Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig ex Retz), zā'fran (Crocus sativus L.) and sirka (vinegar) etc. has been well explained and used exclusively for air purification and improvement of AQI. Therefore, in the present scenario of altered air quality, we forward certain measures described in Unani system of medicine for health promotion and protection. Scientific evidence on several drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new approach into the purification of air.
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Liu Z, Liu C, Cui Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Feng Y, Wang N, Jiao M, Kang Z, Xu X, Zhao J, Wang C, Zou D, Liang L, Wu Q, Hao Y. Air pollution and refraining from visiting health facilities: a cross-sectional study of domestic migrants in China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2007. [PMID: 36324110 PMCID: PMC9628112 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local environmental factors are associated with health and healthcare-seeking behaviors. However, there is a paucity in the literature documenting the link between air pollution and healthcare-seeking behaviors. This study aimed to address the gap in the literature through a cross-sectional study of domestic migrants in China. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (n = 10,051) and linked to the official air pollution indicators measured by particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and air quality index (AQI) in the residential municipalities (n = 310) of the study participants over the survey period. Probit regression models were established to determine the association between air pollution and refraining from visiting health facilities after adjustment for variations in the predisposing, enabling and needs factors. Thermal inversion intensity was adopted as an instrumental variable to overcome potential endogeneity. RESULTS One unit (µg/m3) increase in monthly average PM2.5 was associated with 1.8% increase in the probability of refraining from visiting health facilities. The direction and significance of the link remained unchanged when PM2.5 was replaced by AQI or PM10. Higher probability of refraining from visiting health facilities was also associated with overwork (β = 0.066, p = 0.041) and good self-related health (β = 0.171, p = 0.006); whereas, lower probability of refraining from visiting health facilities was associated with short-distance (inter-county) migration (β=-0.085, p = 0.048), exposure to health education (β=-0.142, p < 0.001), a high sense of local belonging (β=-0.082, p = 0.018), and having hypertension/diabetes (β=-0.169, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Air pollution is a significant predictor of refraining from visiting health facilities in domestic migrants in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, 3086 Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Yu Cui
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Junping Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Yajie Feng
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China ,grid.416208.90000 0004 1757 2259Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400000 Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Zou
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
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Valderrama A, Ortiz-Hernández P, Agraz-Cibrián JM, Tabares-Guevara JH, Gómez DM, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Taborda NA, Hernandez JC. Particulate matter (PM 10) induces in vitro activation of human neutrophils, and lung histopathological alterations in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7581. [PMID: 35534522 PMCID: PMC9083477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological association between exposure to particulate matter (PM10) and various respiratory and cardiovascular problems is well known, but the mechanisms driving these effects remain unclear. Neutrophils play an essential role in immune defense against foreign agents and also participate in the development of inflammatory responses. However, the role of these cells in the PM10 induced inflammatory response is not yet fully established. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of PM10 on the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response. For this, neutrophils from healthy adult human donors were in vitro exposed to different concentrations of PM10. The cell viability and cytotoxic activity were evaluated by MTT. LDH, propidium iodide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by flow cytometry. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) expression, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neutrophil elastase (NE) expression were measured by RT-PCR. IL-8 was also quantified by ELISA. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The in vivo inflammatory responses were assessed in BALB/c mice exposed to PM10 by histopathology and RT-PCR. The analysis shows that PM10 exposure induced a cytotoxic effect on neutrophils, evidenced by necrosis and LDH release at high PM10 concentrations. ROS production, IL-8, MPO, NE expression, and NETs release were increased at all PM10 concentrations assessed. Neutrophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathological changes with inflammatory cell infiltration, and CXCL1 expression were observed in PM10-treated mice. The results suggest that lung inflammation in response to PM10 could be mediated by neutrophils activation. In this case, these cells migrate to the lungs and release pro-inflamatory mediators, including ROS, IL-8, and NETs. Thus, contributing to the exacerbation of respiratory pathologies, such as allergies, infectious and obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Valderrama
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paul Ortiz-Hernández
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | | | - Diana M Gómez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Maio S, Baldacci S, Tagliaferro S, Angino A, Parmes E, Pärkkä J, Pesce G, Maesano CN, Annesi-Maesano I, Viegi G. Urban grey spaces are associated with increased allergy in the general population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112428. [PMID: 34838570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the built environment in urban areas may have side effects on children's respiratory health, whilst less is known for adulthood. AIM to assess the association between increasing exposure to grey spaces and allergic status in an adult general population sample. METHODS 2070 subjects (age range 15-84 yrs), living in Pisa/Cascina, Italy, were investigated in 1991-93 through a questionnaire on health status and risk factors, skin prick test (SPT), serum Immunoglobulins E (IgE), and serum antibodies to benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts. Land-cover exposure within a 1000 m buffer from each subject's home address was assessed through the CORINE Land Cover program (CLC 1990) within the FP7/HEALS project (2013-2018). Participants' residential addresses were geocoded and the proportion of surrounding grey spaces was calculated. Through logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors, the effect of a 10% increase in grey spaces exposure on allergic biomarkers/conditions was assessed; the relationship with serum antibodies to BPDE-DNA adducts positivity was also analyzed. RESULTS A 10% increase in grey spaces coverage was associated with a higher probability of having SPT positivity (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), seasonal SPT positivity (OR 1.12, 1.05-1.19), polysensitization (OR 1.11, 1.04-1.19), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.10, 1.04-1.17), co-presence of SPT positivity and asthma/allergic rhinitis (OR 1.16, 1.08-1.25), asthma/allergic rhinitis (OR 1.06, 1.00-1.12), presence of serum antibodies to BPDE-DNA adducts positivity (OR 1.07, 1.01-1.14). CONCLUSIONS grey spaces have adverse effects on allergic status and are related to a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in adulthood. Thus, they may be used as a proxy of urban environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maio
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
| | - S Baldacci
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Tagliaferro
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Angino
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Parmes
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - J Pärkkä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - G Pesce
- INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - C N Maesano
- INSERM, Montpellier University, Institut Desbrest d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Montpellier, France
| | - I Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, Montpellier University, Institut Desbrest d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Montpellier, France
| | - G Viegi
- Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy; CNR Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, Palermo, Italy
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9
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Altuwayjiri A, Pirhadi M, Kalafy M, Alharbi B, Sioutas C. Impact of different sources on the oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter PM 10 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A focus on dust emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150590. [PMID: 34597581 PMCID: PMC8907835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) to identify the most significant sources contributing to the toxicity of PM10 in the city center of Riyadh. PM10 samples were collected using a medium-volume air sampler during cool (December 2019-March 2020) and warm (May 2020-August 2020) seasons, including dust and non-dust events. The collected filters were analyzed for their chemical components (i.e., water-soluble ions, metals, and trace elements) as well as oxidative potential and elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC) contents. Our measurements revealed comparable extrinsic oxidative potential (P-value = 0.30) during the warm (1.2 ± 0.1 nmol/min-m3) and cool (1.1 ± 0.1 nmol/min-m3) periods. Moreover, we observed higher extrinsic oxidative potential of PM10 samples collected during dust events (~30% increase) compared to non-dust samples. Our PCA-MLR analysis identified soil and resuspended dust, secondary aerosol (SA), local industrial activities and petroleum refineries, and traffic emissions as the four sources contributing to the ambient PM10 oxidative potential in central Riyadh. Soil and resuspended dust were the major source contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM10, accounting for 31% of the total oxidative potential. Secondary aerosols (SA) were the next important source of PM10 toxicity in the area as they contributed to about 20% of the PM10 oxidative potential. Results of this study revealed the major role of soil and resuspended road dust on PM10 toxicity and can be helpful in adopting targeted air quality policies to reduce the population exposure to PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik Altuwayjiri
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Majmaah University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milad Pirhadi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed Kalafy
- Saudi Envirozone, Air Quality Monitoring Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alharbi
- National Center for Environmental Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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De Matteis S, Forastiere F, Baldacci S, Maio S, Tagliaferro S, Fasola S, Cilluffo G, La Grutta S, Viegi G. Issue 1 - “Update on adverse respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution”. Part 1): Outdoor air pollution and respiratory diseases: A general update and an Italian perspective. Pulmonology 2022; 28:284-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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11
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Zhu H, Wu Y, Kuang X, Liu H, Guo Z, Qian J, Wang D, Wang M, Chu H, Gong W, Zhang Z. Effect of PM 2.5 exposure on circulating fibrinogen and IL-6 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129565. [PMID: 33460893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution poses a great threat on global health. Previous studies have reported that PM2.5 regulates circulating fibrinogen and IL-6 levels in the development of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. However, the correlation between PM2.5 exposure and both biomarkers remains inconsistent. METHODS We searched related articles through PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. Random effects model was used to obtain a pooled estimate effect of both biomarkers as PM2.5 concentration increased by every 10 μg/m3. Meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity, stability and reliability of this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were included. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly correlated with a 1.76% increase in circulating fibrinogen level (95% CI: 0.38%-3.14%, P = 0.013) and a 4.66% increase in IL-6 level (95% CI: 1.14%-8.18%, P = 0.010). Subgroup analysis revealed that high-level PM2.5 exposure had a more significant association with circulating IL-6 level (11.67%, 95% CI: 0.66%-22.69%, P = 0.038) than low-level exposure, but this association was not observed in fibrinogen (2.50%, 95% CI: -0.78%-5.77%, P = 0.135). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test confirmed the stability of the results. CONCLUSION Circulating fibrinogen and IL-6 significantly increased with exposure to PM2.5, may serve as promising biomarkers for PM2.5-related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingya Kuang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanting Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Yizheng Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, China
| | - Dafei Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yixing Cancer Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weida Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Lu M, Yang H, Wang J, An Z, Li J, Wu Z, Zhao Q, Li H, Zhai D, Liu Y, Wu W, Song J. Acute effects of ambient air pollution on outpatients with chronic rhinitis in Xinxiang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9889-9897. [PMID: 33159228 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure leads to increased mortality and morbidity rates of respiratory diseases. Most of the evidence was founded on acute diseases such as acute lower respiratory diseases. However, limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of air pollution on chronic respiratory diseases. This time-series study was conducted to examine the acute effects of 6 criteria ambient air pollutants on hospital outpatients with chronic rhinitis (CR) in Xinxiang, China. We retrieved 223,826 outpatient records of patients with respiratory diseases, of which 62,901 were those of patients with CR. Results showed that the current 10-μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) corresponds to 0.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-1.18%), 0.58% (95% CI: 0.24-0.92%), 1.89% (95% CI: 0.52-3.27%), 3.01% (95% CI: 1.66-4.35%), and 0.06% (95% CI: 0.03-0.10%) increments in outpatients with CR, respectively. In addition, the effects in the male were stronger than those in the female. Higher effect estimates were observed in the old (≥ 65 years of age) and younger (< 15 years of age) groups. Our study confirmed the association between air pollution and outpatients with CR in Xinxiang, China. More stringent air pollution control measures must be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Lu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhineng Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Desheng Zhai
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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13
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Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Hospitalizations in the Pisan Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031164. [PMID: 33525695 PMCID: PMC7908381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution effects on cardiovascular hospitalizations in small urban/suburban areas have been scantly investigated. Such effects were assessed among the participants in the analytical epidemiological survey carried out in Pisa and Cascina, Tuscany, Italy (2009–2011). Cardiovascular hospitalizations from 1585 subjects were followed up (2011–2015). Daily mean pollutant concentrations were estimated through random forests at 1 km (particulate matter: PM10, 2011–2015; PM2.5, 2013–2015) and 200 m (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, 2013–2015) resolutions. Exposure effects were estimated using the case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression (odds ratio—OR—and 95% confidence interval—CI—for 10 μg/m3 increase; lag 0–6). During the period 2011–2015 (137 hospitalizations), a significant effect at lag 0 was observed for PM10 (OR = 1.137, CI: 1.023–1.264) at 1 km resolution. During the period 2013–2015 (69 hospitalizations), significant effects at lag 0 were observed for PM10 (OR = 1.268, CI: 1.085–1.483) and PM2.5 (OR = 1.273, CI: 1.053–1.540) at 1 km resolution, as well as for PM10 (OR = 1.365, CI: 1.103–1.690), PM2.5 (OR = 1.264, CI: 1.006–1.589) and NO2 (OR = 1.477, CI: 1.058–2.061) at 200 m resolution; significant effects were observed up to lag 2. Larger ORs were observed in males and in subjects reporting pre-existent cardiovascular/respiratory diseases. Combining analytical and routine epidemiological data with high-resolution pollutant estimates provides new insights on acute cardiovascular effects in the general population and in potentially susceptible subgroups living in small urban/suburban areas.
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14
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Gariazzo C, Carlino G, Silibello C, Tinarelli G, Renzi M, Finardi S, Pepe N, Barbero D, Radice P, Marinaccio A, Forastiere F, Michelozzi P, Viegi G, Stafoggia M. Impact of different exposure models and spatial resolution on the long-term effects of air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110351. [PMID: 33130163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution has been related to mortality in several epidemiological studies. The investigations have assessed exposure using various methods achieving different accuracy in predicting air pollutants concentrations. The comparison of the health effects estimates are therefore challenging. This paper aims to compare the effect estimates of the long-term effects of air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) on cause-specific mortality in the Rome Longitudinal Study, using exposure estimates obtained with different models and spatial resolutions. Annual averages of NO2 and PM10 were estimated for the year 2015 in a large portion of the Rome urban area (12 × 12 km2) applying three modelling techniques available at increasing spatial resolution: 1) a chemical transport model (CTM) at 1km resolution; 2) a land-use random forest (LURF) approach at 200m resolution; 3) a micro-scale Lagrangian particle dispersion model (PMSS) taking into account the effect of buildings structure at 4 m resolution with results post processed at different buffer sizes (12, 24, 52, 100 and 200 m). All the exposures were assigned at the residential addresses of 482,259 citizens of Rome 30+ years of age who were enrolled on 2001 and followed-up till 2015. The association between annual exposures and natural-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory (RESP) mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for individual and area-level confounders. We found different distributions of both NO2 and PM10 concentrations, across models and spatial resolutions. Natural cause and CVD mortality outcomes were all positively associated with NO2 and PM10 regardless of the model and spatial resolution when using a relative scale of the exposure such as the interquartile range (IQR): adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI), of natural cause mortality, per IQR increments in the two pollutants, ranged between 1.012 (1.004, 1.021) and 1.018 (1.007, 1.028) for the different NO2 estimates, and between 1.010 (1.000, 1.020) and 1.020 (1.008, 1.031) for PM10, with a tendency of larger effect for lower resolution exposures. The latter was even stronger when a fixed value of 10 μg/m3 is used to calculate HRs. Long-term effects of air pollution on mortality in Rome were consistent across different models for exposure assessment, and different spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gariazzo
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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15
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Air Pollution and Emergency Hospital Admissions—Evidences from Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10227997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of air pollution in the public health agenda has recently been reinforced—it is known that exposure to it has negative effects in the health of individuals, especially in big cities and metropolitan areas. In this article we observed the evolution of air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, O3, PM10) emissions and we confront them with health vulnerabilities related to respiratory and circulatory diseases (all circulatory diseases, cardiac diseases, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, all respiratory diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, acute upper respiratory infections). The study is supported in two databases, one of air pollutants and the other of emergency hospital admissions, in the 2005–2015 period, applied to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The analysis was conducted through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, while also using semi-elasticity to quantify associations. Results showed positive associations between air pollutants and admissions, tendentially higher in respiratory diseases, with CO and O3 having the highest number of associations, and the senior age group being the most impacted. We concluded that O3 is a good predictor for the under-15 age group and PM10 for the over-64 age group; also, there seems to exist a distinction between the urban city core and its suburban areas in air pollution and its relation to emergency hospital admissions.
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16
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Han MK, Martinez FJ. Host, Gender, and Early-Life Factors as Risks for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Chest Med 2020; 41:329-337. [PMID: 32800188 PMCID: PMC7993923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although smoking results in lung pathology in many, still not all smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Roughly a quarter of patients with COPD have never smoked. An understanding of both host and environmental factors beyond smoking that contribute to disease development remain critical to understanding disease prevention and ultimately effectively intervene. In this article, we summarize host factors, including genetics and gender, as well as early-life events that contribute to the development of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 3916 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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