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Paños-Crespo A, Toledano-Serrabona J, Sánchez-Garcés MÁ, Gay-Escoda C. Evaluation of the efficacy of hydroxyl radical (OH˙) release for disinfection of the air and surfaces in the dental clinic: an in vitro study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e145-e151. [PMID: 37471297 PMCID: PMC10765329 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerning about the quality of room air has increased exponentially. Specially in dental clinics where diary practice is characterized by the important generation of aerosols. MATERIAL AND METHODS An in vitro model was used in which samples were collected from the surfaces and room air of a dental clinic before and after the use of an OH˙ radical generator. RESULTS A total of 1260 samples were collected for bacteriological analysis and 14 samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Following OH˙ treatment, the tested surface samples showed a decrease in the number of colony forming units (CFUs) of 76.9% in TSA culture medium. The circulating room air samples in turn showed a decrease in CFUs of 66.7% in Sabouraud medium and 71.4% in Mannitol agar medium. No presence of SARS-CoV-2 was observed on the surface of the face shield. CONCLUSIONS The disinfectant technology based on the use of hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) is effective in reducing the presence of moulds and yeasts and Staphylococcus in the air, and in reducing total aerobic bacteria on the tested surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paños-Crespo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dental School Campus de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n; Pavelló Govern, 2º planta, Despatx 2.9 08907 - L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Moufti MA, Hamad M, Al Shawa A, Mardini A, Ghebeh S. Efficacy and design requirements of UV light cabinets for disinfection of exchangeable non-sterilizable "dental objects". Sci Rep 2023; 13:19755. [PMID: 37957167 PMCID: PMC10643671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-sterilizable items such as prosthodontics items constitute a high risk of transmitting dangerous pathogens, including Coronavirus, between patients and healthcare personnel. Although UV rays are recognized for their germicidal efficacy, large and expensive UV devices previously hindered their adoption in dental offices. During the COVID-19 pandemic, small UV devices became available for domestic use, albeit with varying designs and effectiveness. Our study assesses the disinfection capacity of a UV light cabinet for four dental materials and discusses crucial design features for effective performance. Specimens of each material (silicone impressions, stone cast, acrylic denture base, and indelible pencils) were contaminated with Escherichia coli Bl21, and randomly divided into three study groups: UV device (UVG), impressions disinfection solution (SG), and control (CG). The experiment was repeated thrice, and disinfection efficacy assessed by colony forming units (CFU) count. A 2.5-min UV exposure achieved full disinfection for all materials. Significantly different results were found between groups (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD), except for indelible pencils, where UVG and SG were both highly effective. UV cabinets surpass SG's disinfection efficacy. Compact UV devices can offer affordable, portable, and efficient disinfection for non-sterilizable dental objects, with careful consideration of wavelength, exposure, intensity, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Moufti
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - M Hamad
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A Al Shawa
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A Mardini
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - S Ghebeh
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
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Paños-Crespo A, Traboulsi-Garet B, Sánchez-Garcés MÁ, Gay-Escoda C. Disinfection of the air and surfaces in the dental clinic using hydroxyl radical (OH-) based technology: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e494-e504. [PMID: 37388429 PMCID: PMC10306383 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A systematic review was carried out to compare the disinfectant capacity of hydroxyl radicals (OH-) versus other products commonly used for disinfecting the air and surfaces. Material and Methods A literature search was made of the Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. "In vitro" studies evaluating disinfection methods applicable to several surfaces and room air were included in the search. The search was carried out in April 2022, with no restrictions in terms of language or publication date. Results Of the 308 articles identified from the initial search, 8 were included for the quantitative analysis. All publications corresponded to experimental "in vitro" studies. Seven of them evaluated biocidal action against bacteria, and only two assessed activity against viral loads. The generation of contaminants secondary to application of the disinfectants was only analyzed in one of the studies, with the conclusion that the production of peroxyl radicals (RO2) derived from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is greater when chemical surface disinfectants are used versus air disinfection systems. Conclusions The disinfection capacities of the currently available methods are similar, and none of them are able to replace the use of additional physical protection measures. Key words:Disinfection methods, hydroxyl radical, environment, surfaces, dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Paños-Crespo
- DDS. Master in Oral Surgery and Buccofacial Implantology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Bassel Traboulsi-Garet
- DDS. Master in Oral Surgery and Buccofacial Implantology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Maria-Ángeles Sánchez-Garcés
- MD, DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS. Associate Professor of Oral Surgery. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute. Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Cosme Gay-Escoda
- MD, DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS, OMFS. Chairman of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Director of the Master in Oral Surgery and Buccofacial Implantology (EFHRE International University / FUCSO). Coordinator / Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute. Head of the Department of Oral Surgery, Buccofacial Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery. Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona (Spain)
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Tzoutzas I, Karoussis I, Maltezou HC. Air Quality in Dental Care Facilities: Update to Current Management and Control Strategies Implementing New Technologies: A Comprehensive Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:847. [PMID: 35746455 PMCID: PMC9227829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of indoor air in healthcare facilities, with an emphasis on dental offices, attracted the attention of the scientific community in the late 1960s. Since then, it has become evident that the indoor air quality is critical in modern dental care facilities for limiting the spread of airborne infections, including vaccine-preventable diseases, and a key component of safety for healthcare personnel and patients. In the past decades, the role of indoor air quality has also been recognized in non-healthcare facilities, given the increasing time spent indoors by humans. During the provision of dental care services, mainly in the field of restorative dentistry, high-speed dental handpieces emitting air and water are used, producing large quantities of aerosol and hovering inside the operations area. In modern dental offices, new devices emitting air/powder for cavities improvement and cleaning as well as for periodontal prophylactic cleaning and aesthetics are used. In addition, a new therapeutic protocol for the removal of bacterial biofilm, targeting treatment for peri-implant diseases and conditions using air-abrasive decontamination technology, has been introduced in daily dental practice. The aim of this non-systemic review is to present the current state of knowledge on the nature and dynamics of air splatters and to provide an update to management and control strategies in dental care facilities, focusing on air purification and ultraviolet devices proposed and used. The findings arising from the limited number of related published articles documenting the reduction in levels of particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5), PM10 and volatile organic compounds, allow us to conclude that the continuous operation of air purifiers during and after treatment, contributes considerably to the improvement of the indoor air quality in dental care facilities. Moreover, the utilization of air purifiers is highly recommended in dental practice to mitigate spread of infections, including vaccine-preventable diseases. Frequent cleaning and maintenance of the purifier sieves and filters and frequent renovation of the indoor air through physical ventilation by mean of open windows is imperative. More research on environmental contamination and particularly on viral contamination under real dental care conditions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tzoutzas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Ioannis Karoussis
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece
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Alvarenga MOP, Veloso SRM, Bezerra ALCA, Trindade BP, Gomes ASL, Monteiro GQDM. COVID-19 outbreak: Should dental and medical practices consider uv-c technology to enhance disinfection on surfaces? - A systematic review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 9:100096. [PMID: 34931181 PMCID: PMC8674638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS During the COVID-19 pandemic the search for complementary methods to enhance manual disinfection in dental and medical practices raised relevance. We sought evidence for the addition of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection to manual cleaning protocols -and whether it improves the logarithmic (log) reduction of surface pathogen colonies. METHODS This review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD420200193961. Six electronic sources were consulted looking for clinical trials performed in healthcare environments in which pathogens were quantified by colony-forming unit (CFU)-enumeration before and after interventions, all databases were last consulted on May 2021. We assessed the risk of bias using an adapted Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). The certainty of the evidence was qualified according to the Classification of Recommendations, Evaluation, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS We identified 1012 records and 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All included studies reported enhanced disinfection in the UV-C arm; most of them reported 1-log to 2-log reduction in approximately 10 to 25 min. Only three studies reached a 5-log and 6-log reduction. When manual cleaning was performed alone, only two studies reported a 1-log reduction using a chlorine-based disinfectant. We detected a high risk of bias in 1 study. Certainty of evidence was classified as moderate and low. CONCLUSIONS The evidence points out the effectiveness of UV-C technology in reducing manual cleaning failures, enhancing the logarithmic reduction of surface pathogen colonies. However, the safety and success of these devices will depend on several physical and biological factors. A judicious project must precede their use in clinical and medical offices under the supervision of a physicist or other trained professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Olimpia Paz Alvarenga
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Sirley Raiane Mamede Veloso
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Cassiano Alves Bezerra
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Benoît Paul Trindade
- School of Robotic and Interactive Systems, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Université Toulouse III, Haute-Garonne, France
| | | | - Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
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Suwandi T, Nursolihati V, Sundjojo M, Widyarman AS. The Efficacy of High-Volume Evacuators and Extraoral Vacuum Aspirators in Reducing Aerosol and Droplet in Ultrasonic Scaling Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:803-808. [PMID: 35016239 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator's and assistant's face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 RESULT: Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures. CONCLUSION The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trijani Suwandi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Grogol Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
| | - Vidya Nursolihati
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Grogol Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
| | - Mikha Sundjojo
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Grogol Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
| | - Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Grogol Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Dean J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:742314. [PMID: 34692628 PMCID: PMC8528949 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.742314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has placed the healthcare system and student training under considerable pressure. However, the plights of healthcare students in the COVID-19 period have drawn limited attention in China. Methods: A cross-sectional on-line survey was undertaken between January and March 2020 to explore the COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey among Chinese healthcare students. Demographic information and data on KAP were obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. The percentage KAP scores were categorized as good or poor. Independent predictors of good knowledge of COVID-19 were ascertained to use a logistic regression model. Results: Of the 1,595 participants, 85.9% (1,370) were women, 53.4% were junior college students, 65.8% majoring in nursing, and 29.8% had received training on COVID-19. The overall median percentage for good KAP was 51.6% with knowledge of 28.3%, attitude 67.8%, and practice 58.6%, respectively. Independent predictors of good knowledge of COVID-19 were being students ≥25 (95% CI = 0.27-0.93, P = 0.02), those taking bachelor degrees (95% CI = 1.17-2.07, P = 0.00), and those having participated in COVID-19 treatment training. Conclusions: The result of this study revealed suboptimal COVID-19-related KAP among healthcare students in China. To effectively control future outbreaks of COVID-19, there is a need to implement public sensitization programs to improve the understanding of COVID-19 and address COVID-19-related myths and misconceptions, especially among healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Educational Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Yin
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Judith Dean
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Elder Office, Gansu Office, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Dentistry 4.0 technologies applications for dentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND COMPUTERS 2021; 2. [PMCID: PMC8163693 DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The term, Dentistry 4.0, coincides with Industry 4.0, in which the traditional methods of manufacturing and information are made more precise to enhance process efficiency by using automation and advanced computer technologies. The main of this paper is to discuss the major potential of Dentistry 4.0 technologies in the field of dentistry during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Thereon, Dentistry 4.0 is advancing on its way with the use of advanced technologies in dentistry. Dental healthcare makes an essential part of the overall health of the masses. New technological advancements are essential to make the dentist work quicker, patient comfortable, and process reliable. So, we introduced the concept of Dentistry 4.0 to improve efficiency and impart innovation in dentistry during this pandemic. This paper briefs about the Dentistry 4.0 technologies helpful for the COVID-19 pandemic. Further discusses various issues and challenges in implementing Dentistry 4.0 for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the paper identifies and discussed fifteen significant applications of Dentistry 4.0 technologies for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the onset of the pandemic, globally, the healthcare sector is taking initiatives to strengthen affordable and high-speed data connectivity. This up-gradation and investment will also help dentists to access patients' data from smaller towns or villages using Dentistry 4.0 technologies. Thus, globally there is the onset of the fourth dentistry revolution, and we understand that this will change the trend of dentistry during and post-COVID-19 Pandemic. Dentistry 4.0 technologies are helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic to create teledentistry, virtual clinical practice and connect all dental devices to improve health conditions. This approach is to help progress towards the integrated capabilities, patient-centric remedies with predicted results in an easier way than the traditional way of the health care industry.
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Strazzi-Sahyon, Arruda-Vasconcelos, Louzada, Gomes, Sivieri-Araujo, Dos Santos. Ultraviolet irradiation as a disinfection protocol during COVID-19 outbreak for dental practices. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102079. [PMID: 33157334 PMCID: PMC7609224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arruda-Vasconcelos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Louzada
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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