1
|
King JD, McQuaid A, Leeson VC, Tella O, Crawford MJ. Characterising subgroups of people with severe COVID anxiety by latent profile analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:115-121. [PMID: 37827258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe COVID anxiety have had experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic which are overwhelming, and have led to patterns of behaviours that add little protective benefit but are at the expense of other priorities in life. It appears to be a complex social and psychological phenomenon, influenced by demographic and social factors. Identifying subgroups of people with severe COVID anxiety would better place clinicians to assess and support this distress where indicated. METHODS Measurement tools assessing depression, generalised and health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, personality difficulty and alcohol use from 284 people living in United Kingdom with severe COVID anxiety were explored with latent profile analysis. Further analyses examined the associations of identified clusters with demographic and social factors and daily functioning, quality of life and protective behaviours. RESULTS A model with 4 classes provided the best fit. Distinct patterns of psychopathology emerged which were variably associated with demographic factors and COVID behaviours. LIMITATIONS Given the complex aetiology of COVID anxiety a number of factors which might better cluster subgroups are likely to have gone uncollected. Moreover, using data collected at a single time-point limits these results' ability to conclude whether observed relationships were the product of the pandemic or longstanding. CONCLUSIONS People living with severe COVID anxiety are a heterogenous group. This analysis adds to evidence that certain health behaviours and demographic factors are inextricably linked to poor mental health in people with COVID anxiety, and that targeting health behaviours with specific intervention might be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D King
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Aisling McQuaid
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Verity C Leeson
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Oluwaseun Tella
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J Crawford
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kordi F, Lakeh NM, Pouralizadeh M, Maroufizadeh S. Knowledge and behaviors of prevention of COVID-19 and the related factors in the rural population referred to the health centers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:474. [PMID: 38093287 PMCID: PMC10717995 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Observance of preventive behaviors is one of the main ways to break the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) chain of transmission. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the knowledge and behaviors of prevention of COVID-19 and the related factors in the rural population of Rasht city. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 344 people of the population referred to health centers in Rasht city were included through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data were collected using a three-part researcher-made questionnaire including individual-social factors, knowledge about the prevention of COVID-19, and the preventive behaviors against COVID-19. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multiple logistic regression analysis, by SPSS software version 16 at a significance level < 0.05. RESULTS The mean total score of knowledge about COVID-19 was at a moderate level, and the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 were at a good level. There was no significant relationship between the scores of awareness and preventive behaviors of COVID-19 (rs=0.001, P = 0.998). Awareness of COVID-19 was higher in university-educated individuals and women. Also, women, individuals who had access to the Internet, those trained by health centers, and those who were visited by health workers at home had more preventive behaviors. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of connection between knowledge and preventive behaviors, the villagers living in the suburbs of Rasht had a moderate level of knowledge and a good level of preventive behaviors of COVID-19. Appropriate educational interventions should be carried out to increase the awareness and performance of the rural residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kordi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mokhtari Lakeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Moluk Pouralizadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Liu C. Protective and Overprotective Behaviors against COVID-19 Outbreak: Media Impact and Mediating Roles of Institutional Trust and Anxiety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1368. [PMID: 36674124 PMCID: PMC9859022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore how pandemic-related media use relates to both protective and overprotective behaviors and to probe the underlying mechanisms. The data were collected online during the early outbreak of COVID-19 in China, and a total of 1118 valid cases, which covered the 30 provincial administrative divisions in mainland China, were collected. Results showed that official government media use was positively associated with protective behaviors and institutional trust was an important mediator. Commercial media use was also found to be positively associated with overprotective behavior, and anxiety mediated this relationship. Findings of this study suggested that different media sources could play completely different roles. Institutional trust in government institutions and medical care systems were equally critical in translating the media effect into public compliance with the preventive measures advocated by the relevant departments. Media outlets and practitioners should also be responsible in order to avoid causing unnecessary anxiety among the public so as to reduce irrational overprotective behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen C, Sang X, Wu R, Feng Z, Long C, Ye Y, Yan Z, Sun C, Ji L, Tang S. Effects of negative emotions and information perceived value on residents' risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical survey from China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:980880. [PMID: 36891350 PMCID: PMC9986329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.980880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly and heavily hit the globe, and the mutation and transmission speed of the coronavirus have accelerated so that the world is still in danger. Thus, this study aims to investigate the participants' risk perception and explore the associations of risk perception of COVID-19 with negative emotions, information value perception and other related dimensions. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based online survey was conducted from April 4 to 15, 2020, in China. A total of 3,552 participants were included in this study. A descriptive measure of demographic information was used in this study. Multiple regression models and moderating effect analysis were used to estimate the effect of potential associations of risk perceptions. Results Those who showed negative emotions (depressed, helplessness, loneliness) and perceived video information in social media to be useful were positively correlated with risk perception, whereas individuals who perceived experts' advice to be useful, shared risk information with friends and thought that their community made adequate emergency preparation reported lower risk perception. The moderating effect of information perceived value (β = 0.020, p < 0.001) on the relationship between negative emotion and perception of risk was significant. Conclusions Individual differences in risk cognition during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed in subgroups of age level. Furthermore, the role of negative emotional states, the perceived usefulness of risk information and the sense of security also contributed to improving the public's risk perception. It is crucial for authorities to focus on residents' negative emotions and to clarify misinformation in accessible and effective ways in a timely manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Sang
- Division of Strategy and Policy, China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Wu
- Division of Strategy and Policy, China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanchun Feng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxu Long
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yisheng Ye
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqi Yan
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Sun
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Osawa I, Goto T, Tabuchi T, Koga HK, Tsugawa Y. Machine-learning approaches to identify determining factors of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054862. [PMID: 36526317 PMCID: PMC9764099 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate determining factors of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Large online surveys in Japan before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 25 482 individuals who are representatives of the Japanese population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported happiness measured using a 10-point Likert scale, where higher scores indicated higher levels of happiness. We defined participants with ≥8 on the scale as having high levels of happiness. RESULTS Among the 25 482 respondents, the median score of self-reported happiness was 7 (IQR 6-8), with 11 418 (45%) reporting high levels of happiness during the pandemic. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that meaning in life, having a spouse, trust in neighbours and female gender were positively associated with happiness (eg, adjusted OR (aOR) for meaning in life 4.17; 95% CI 3.92 to 4.43; p<0.001). Conversely, self-reported poor health, anxiety about future household income, psychiatric diseases except depression and feeling isolated were negatively associated with happiness (eg, aOR for self-reported poor health 0.44; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.48; p<0.001). Using machine-learning methods, we found that meaning in life and social capital (eg, having a spouse and trust in communities) were the strongest positive determinants of happiness, whereas poor health, anxiety about future household income and feeling isolated were important negative determinants of happiness. Among 6965 subjects who responded to questionnaires both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no systemic difference in the patterns as to determinants of declined happiness during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Using machine-learning methods on data from large online surveys in Japan, we found that interventions that have a positive impact on social capital as well as successful pandemic control and economic stimuli may effectively improve the population-level psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Osawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Goto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- TXP Medical Co. Ltd, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayami K Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yusuke Tsugawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Service Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang Z, Zhao C, Xue L. What drives people’s protective behaviors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:781279. [PMID: 36337510 PMCID: PMC9634626 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.781279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically examined people’s protective behaviors against COVID-19 in China, and particular attention was given to people’s perceived threat and information-processing strategies. This study constructed a conceptual model and used structural equation modeling to explore this issue, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data involving 4,605 participants during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The results showed that people’s initial information acquisition played an essential role in their behavioral responses; acquiring more initial information about COVID-19 would make them perceive a higher threat and present a higher demand for information, then making them more likely to seek and process information, and subsequently motivating their protective behaviors. In addition to increasing people’s information needs, the perceived threat could also strengthen the analytical assessment and affect protective behavior positively but failed to predict the experiential assessment. Driven by information need, information seeking significantly influenced protective behavior; it also facilitated analytical assessment and decreased experiential assessment, thus predicting people’s protective behaviors. Protective behaviors were spurred by analytical assessment but negatively influenced by the experiential assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjing Pang
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Zhao
- Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Zhao,
| | - Lan Xue
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong W, Lu X, Wu L, Pu X. Analysis of factors influencing public attention to masks during the COVID-19 epidemic-Data from Sina Weibo. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:6469-6488. [PMID: 35730267 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As we all know, vaccination still does not protect people from novel coronavirus infections, and wearing masks remains essential. Research on mask attention is helpful to understand the public's cognition and willingness to wear masks, but there are few studies on mask attention in the existing literature. The health belief model used to study disease prevention behaviors is rarely applied to the research on mask attention, and the research on health belief models basically entails the use of a questionnaire survey. This study was purposed to establish a health belief model affecting mask attention to explore the relationship between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, perceived impairment, action cues and mask attention. On the basis of the establishment of the hypothesis model, the Baidu index of epidemic and mask attention, the number of likes and comments on Weibo, and the historical weather temperature data were retrieved by using software. Keyword extraction and manual screening were carried out for Weibo comments, and then the independent variables and dependent variables were coded. Finally, through binomial logistic regression analysis, it was concluded that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and action cues have significant influences on mask attention, and that the accuracy rate for predicting low attention is 93.4%, and the global accuracy is 84.3%. These conclusions can also help suppliers make production decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Food Safety Research Base of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinhang Lu
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linhai Wu
- Food Safety Research Base of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xujin Pu
- Food Safety Research Base of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu B, Liu H, Han B, Zhao T, Sun T, Tan X, Cui F. Trends and Factors Associated With Risk Perception, Anxiety, and Behavior From the Early Outbreak Period to the Controlled Period of COVID-19 Epidemic: Four Cross-Sectional Online Surveys in China in 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 9:768867. [PMID: 35118042 PMCID: PMC8805284 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.768867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in China was brought under with 3 months-from mid-January 2020 to the end of March 2020. Less studies examined dynamic psychological effect and behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine perceived risk, anxiety, and behavioral response of the general public related to the outbreak of COVID-19 in four cross-sectional surveys conducted throughout China. Methods: In 2020, four cross-sectional, population-based online survey were conducted from January 28 to February 3, from February 10 to 12, from February 20 to 22, and from March 1 to 10, respectively. Convenience sampling was used for easy recruiting survey participants under the long-term impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. The four independent online questionnaires were sent from the same approach (WeChat and MicroBlog), and anyone who receives the questionnaire on the Internet or mobile phone and meets the inclusion criteria could fill in it. The same questionnaires repeatedly used in the four surveys. Socio-demographic information and individual protective practice were collected and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics among the four surveys. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare people's perceived risk, anxiety and protective behaviors changes in four stages. General linear model was used to identify associations between some demographic factors and perceived risk, anxiety scores, and protective behaviors. Results: The proportion of high perceived risk has dropped from 24.7 to 4.7%. The proportion of severe anxiety has declined from 12.2 to 1.2%. The proportion of people wore masks when they went out has increased from 97.0 to 98.3%. Women were more likely to develop anxiety (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.4-1.6) and more positively adopted recommended behaviors (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.3-3.4) than men. People at age 30-39 years, with high-degree education, with married status, and accompanied with poor self-rated health status were prone to have higher risk perception and anxiety. Perceived risk was significantly associated with anxiety over the entire periods. Anxiety levels had stronger associations with adoption of protective behaviors (wearing mask and avoiding crowed place) in the early epidemic periods than in the late epidemic periods. Conclusions: The levels of perceived risk and anxiety showed a trend of rising first and then falling. Gradually upward trend on initiative preventive behaviors including wearing mask and avoiding visiting crowded places also was observed through scanning data at four stages. People at age 30-39 years, with high-degree education, and accompanied with poor self-rated health status were prone to have higher risk perception and anxiety. Our findings showed that people simultaneously presented both high-level risk perception and anxiety across the four wave surveys, leading to their positive self-prevention and protective behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingfeng Han
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Behavioral and Mental Responses towards the COVID-19 Pandemic among Chinese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm14120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pandemic spread quickly and continuously influenced global societies. As a vulnerable population that accounted for the highest percentage of deaths from the pandemic, older adults have experienced huge life-altering challenges and increased risks of mental problems during the pandemic. Empirical evidence is needed to develop effective strategies to promote preventive measures and mitigate the adverse psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral responses (i.e., preventive behaviors, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption) and mental responses (i.e., depression and loneliness) towards the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese older adults. A further aim was to identify the associations among demographics, behavioral responses, and mental responses. Using a convenience sampling approach, 516 older adults were randomly recruited from five cities of Hubei province in China. Results of the cross-sectional survey showed that 11.7% of participants did not adhere to the WHO recommended preventive measures, while 37.6% and 8.3% of participants decreased physical activity and fruit–vegetable consumption respectively. For mental responses, 30.8% and 69.2% of participants indicated significantly depressive symptoms and severe loneliness, respectively. Participants’ behavioral and mental responses differed significantly in several demographics, such as age group, living situation, marital status, education levels, household income, medical conditions, and perceived health status. Demographic correlates and behavioral responses could significantly predicate the mental response with small-to-moderate effect sizes. This is the first study to investigate the characteristics of behavioral and mental responses of Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research findings may give new insights into future developments of effective interventions and policies to promote health among older adults in the fight against the pandemic.
Collapse
|
10
|
Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Valencia PD, Carbajal-León C, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Araníbar D, Reyes-Bossio M, White M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Palacios DA, Moreta-Herrera R, Samaniego-Pinho A, Lobos-Rivera ME, Ferrari IF, Flores-Mendoza C, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Tapia BP, Gallegos WLA. Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries. Front Psychol 2021; 12:763993. [PMID: 34867664 PMCID: PMC8634949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. It is concluded that the PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries. It is expected that the findings will be of interest to social and health scientists, as well as those professionals directly involved in public health decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo D. Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Michel White
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Educación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | - Carmen Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Individual Differences Assessment, Post-Graduation Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Cuba
| | - Raymundo Calderón
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bismarck Pinto Tapia
- Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee J, Kim K, Park G, Cha N. The role of online news and social media in preventive action in times of infodemic from a social capital perspective: The case of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2021; 64:101691. [PMID: 36567818 PMCID: PMC9759650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2021.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infodemic, the spread of false information during the COVID-19 pandemic, has been raised as one of the major concerns aggravating the confusion in the global society. In this regard, the role of media as an information channel in delivering the reliable information and motivating the active participation of citizens in complying with government's preventive actions becomes much more important. In this study, the role of online news and social media on people's preventive actions considering the role of trust in citizens and government from the perspective of social capital is investigated. For the empirical study, a structural equation modeling is employed by using survey material gathered from South Korea in the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak. South Korea was selected as its COVID-19 prevention strategy focused not only on the provision of medical support, but also on the enhancement of social trust through active engagement with people through media channels. Our results reveal that the perceived characteristics of online news and social media influence preventive actions through the trust in citizens or in government. In addition, while online news media enhances trust in both the citizens and the government, social media only influences trust in citizens. Based on our findings, the role of media in preventing the spread of COVID-19 is dicussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Division of Public Policy, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Keungoui Kim
- AI Convergence Institute, Handong Global University, 588 Handong-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea,Spatial Dynamics Lab, School of Architecture, Planning & Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,Corresponding author
| | - Gangmin Park
- Software Policy and Research Institute, 22 Daewangpangyo-ro 712beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Namjun Cha
- Korea Institute of Public Administration, 235 Jinheung-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang N, Jack Chan PT, Jia W, Dung CH, Zhao P, Lei H, Su B, Xue P, Zhang W, Xie J, Li Y. Analysis of efficacy of intervention strategies for COVID-19 transmission: A case study of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106723. [PMID: 34161908 PMCID: PMC8214805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
By the end of February 2021, COVID-19 had spread to over 230 countries, with more than 100 million confirmed cases and 2.5 million deaths. To control infection spread with the least disruption to economic and societal activities, it is crucial to implement the various interventions effectively. In this study, we developed an agent-based SEIR model, using real demographic and geographic data from Hong Kong, to analyse the efficiency of various intervention strategies in preventing infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Close contact route including short-range airborne is considered as the main transmission routes for COVID-19 spread. Contact tracing is not that useful if all other interventions have been fully deployed. The number of infected individuals could be halved if people reduced their close contact rate by 25%. For reducing transmission, students should be prioritized for vaccination rather than retired older people and preschool aged children. Home isolation, and taking the nucleic acid test (NAT) as soon as possible after symptom onset, are much more effective interventions than wearing masks in public places. Temperature screening in public places only disrupted the infection spread by a small amount when other interventions have been fully implemented. Our results may be useful for other highly populated cities, when choosing their intervention strategies to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-To Jack Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Lin An, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chung-Hin Dung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma R, Wu H, Deng Z. Identify and measure the degree of over-prevention behaviors in the post-COVID-19 era in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1743. [PMID: 34563147 PMCID: PMC8466653 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the spread of vaccines, more and more countries have controlled the outbreak of the COVID-19. In this post-epidemic era, these countries began to revive their economy. However, pollution remains in the environment, and people’s physical and psychological health has been under threat due to some over-prevention behaviors. Instruments for governmental agencies to manage these behaviors are not yet available. This study aims to develop a measurement model to identify and measure the degree of over-prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Methods A survey online was conducted to collect cognition from 1528 Chinese people, including descriptions of various over-prevention behaviors defined by health authorities. Factor analyses were used to develop the measurement model and test its validity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore demographic characteristics, indicating people who are inclined to exhibit over-prevention behaviors. Results Four main factors were extracted to develop the model (eigenvalue = 7.337, 3.157, 1.447, and 1.059, respectively). The overall reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.900), the convergent (AVE > 0.5, CR > 0.8 for each factor) and discriminant validity is good. There is also a good internal consistency among these factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.906, 0.852, 0.882, and 0.763, respectively). In Factor 1, gender has a negative effect (Beta = − 0.294, P < 0.05, OR = 0.745), whereas employment has a positive effect. Workers in institutions exhibit the greatest effect (Beta = 0.855, P < 0.001, OR = 2.352). In Factor 2, employment has a negative effect, with workers in institutions exhibit the greatest role (Beta = − 0.963, P < 0.001, OR = 0.382). By contrast, education level has a positive effect (Beta = 0.430, P < 0.001, OR = 1.537). In Factor 3, age plays a negative role (Beta = − 0.128, P < 0.05, OR = 0.880). Conclusions People show a discrepancy in the cognition toward various over-prevention behaviors. The findings may have implications for decision-makers to reduce the contradiction between the epidemic and economic revival via managing these behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongyang Ma
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Deng
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berihun G, Walle Z, Teshome D, Berhanu L, Abebe M, Ademas A, Gizeyatu A, Keleb A, Malede A, Atikilt G, Teym A, Adane M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Students of Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2123-2136. [PMID: 34408427 PMCID: PMC8364346 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s322495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has been a global public health problem since December 2019. Higher education institutions are risky areas for the transmission of COVID-19. But, still there is insufficient information on the prevention of the disease in this setting. OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge, attitude, and prevention practices towards COVID-19 among students of Ethiopian higher education institutions. METHODS Institutin -based cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 1 to 30, 2020 among randomly selected 407 undergraduate students from higher education institutions in Ethiopia. The outcome variables were knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19. Binary logistic regression models at 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the factors affecting knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19. In multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and independently associated with outcome variables at 95% CI. RESULTS About 75.9% (95% CI: 72.2-79.9%) of University students had a good knowledge, 62.4% (95% CI: 58.2-67.1%) had a positive attitude, and 56.8% (95% CI: 52.6-61.9%) had a good COVID-19 prevention practices. Students over the age of 30 (AOR=5.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 10.6), third-year students (AOR=3.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 8.9), and being health science students (AOR=4.4; 95% CI: 2.2, 8.9) were significantly associated with a good knowledge towards COVID-19. Urban residents (AOR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), having an average family monthly income of $75USD (AOR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.8-6.7), use of at least one type of social media (AOR=4.7; 95% CI: 1.7-12.9), and having a positive attitude (AOR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.5) were significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention practices. CONCLUSION Despite three-fourths of the participants had a good knowledge, the attitude and prevention practices were low. Age, study year, College of study, presence of chronic illnesses, use of social media, family income, and residence were factors of knowledge, attitude, and prevention practices towards COVID-19. Hence, multiple information dissemination strategies using multiple media outlets should be implemented continuously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gete Berihun
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Zebader Walle
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Teshome
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Leykun Berhanu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Abebe
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ayechew Ademas
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Adinew Gizeyatu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Keleb
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Malede
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Atikilt
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Teym
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ye Y, Wu R, Ge Y, Wang T, Yao X, Yang Y, Long C, Chen F, Tang S, Huang R. Preventive behaviours and family inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:100. [PMID: 34284821 PMCID: PMC8290209 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an international public health threat, and people's participation in disease-related preventive behaviours is the key to controlling infectious diseases. This study aimed to assess the differences in adopting preventive behaviours among populations to explore potential individual and household factors and inequalities within families. METHODS This online survey was conducted in April 2020. The directional stratified convenient sampling method was used to select 4704 participants from eight provinces in eastern, central, and western China. The questionnaire included demographic information, household variables, and five target prevention behaviours. The chi-squared test, binary multilevel model, and Mantel-Haenszel hierarchical analysis were used for data analysis in the study. RESULTS Approximately 71.2% of the participants had appropriate outdoor prevention, and 32.9% of the participants had indoor protection in place. Sharing behaviours (P < 0.001) and education level (P < 0.001) were positively associated with adopting preventive measures. The inhibiting effect of household crowding and stimulating effect of high household income on preventive behaviours were determined in this study. Household size was negatively associated with living area (β = -0.057, P < 0.05) and living style (β = -0.077, P < 0.05). Household income was positively associated with age (β = 0.023, P < 0.05), and relationship with friends (β = 0.053, P < 0.05). Vulnerable groups, such as older adults or women, are more likely to have inadequate preventive behaviours. Older adults (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.09-2.15), women (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.64), and those with more than 2 suspected symptoms (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.07-3.19) were more likely to be affected by the inhibiting effect of household crowding, while the stimulating effect of high household income was limited in these groups. CONCLUSIONS Inequalities in COVID-19 prevention behaviours exist between families and inadequate adoption of prevention by vulnerable groups are noteworthy. This study expands the research perspective by emphasizing the role of household factors in preventive behaviours and by focusing on family inequalities. The government should use traditional media as a platform to enhance residents' public health knowledge. Targeted additional wage subsidies, investments in affordable housing, financial support for multigenerational households, and temporary relocation policies may deserve more attention. Communities could play a critical role in COVID-19 prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Ye
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruijun Wu
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Ge
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- High Technology Research and Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- National Center for Science and Technology Evaluation, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxu Long
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfei Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Influencing Factors of Psychosocial Stress among Korean Adults during the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116153. [PMID: 34200275 PMCID: PMC8200975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The restriction of an individual’s daily life due to the strengthening of quarantine and lockdown increases psychosocial stress. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence psychosocial stress during a period of strict quarantine and lockdown to curb the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. A total of 338 adults participated in a cross-sectional online survey conducted from 19–25 May 2020, which measured knowledge of COVID-19, health belief, resilience, and psychosocial stress. According to the results, there was no difference between the participants’ scores from the Daegu area (with concentrated confirmed COVID-19 cases) and the non-Daegu area except for health belief. Eighty-two percent of participants constituted the high-risk group for psychosocial stress. Individual resilience was positively correlated with health belief and negatively correlated with psychosocial stress (p < 0.001). Further, the following factors affected the level of psychosocial stress: resilience, subjective health status, and monthly household income, with an explanatory power of 39.8%. Therefore, those with higher subjective health and higher monthly household income experienced higher psychosocial stress, whereas higher resilience indicated lower psychosocial stress.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu Y, She R, Luo S, Xin M, Li L, Wang S, Ma L, Tao F, Zhang J, Zhao J, Li L, Hu D, Zhang G, Gu J, Lin D, Wang H, Cai Y, Wang Z, You H, Hu G, Lau JTF. Factors Influencing Depression and Mental Distress Related to COVID-19 Among University Students in China: Online Cross-sectional Mediation Study. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e22705. [PMID: 33616541 PMCID: PMC7901598 DOI: 10.2196/22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic may elevate mental distress and depressive symptoms in various populations in China. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the levels of depression and mental distress due to COVID-19, and the associations between cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and depression and mental distress due to COVID-19 among university students in China. METHODS A large-scale online cross-sectional study (16 cities in 13 provinces) was conducted among university students from February 1 to 10, 2020, in China; 23,863 valid questionnaires were returned. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediation and suppression effects. RESULTS Of the 23,863 participants, 47.1% (n=11,235) reported high or very high levels of one or more types of mental distress due to COVID-19; 39.1% (n=9326) showed mild to severe depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 was positively associated with depression. All but one factor (perceived infection risks, perceived chance of controlling the epidemic, staying at home, contacted people from Wuhan, and perceived discrimination) were significantly associated with mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 partially mediated and suppressed the associations between some of the studied factors and depression (effect size of 6.0%-79.5%). CONCLUSIONS Both mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression were prevalent among university students in China; the former may have increased the prevalence of the latter. The studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to COVID-19 may directly or indirectly (via mental distress due to COVID-19) affect depression. Interventions to modify such factors may reduce mental distress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rui She
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sitong Luo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Meiqi Xin
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lijuan Li
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Kunming, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Graduate School of Baotou Medical College, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Le Ma
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Hefei, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liping Li
- Shantou Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofen Wang
- Public Health Department, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Hua You
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology of Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin HC, Chen CC. Disease Prevention Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Self-Esteem: An Extended Parallel Process Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:123-135. [PMID: 33603513 PMCID: PMC7882452 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s291300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 outbreak has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study was to use an extended parallel process model (EPPM) to understand factors in COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 1012 participants in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire and an online survey were used to collect data. Results The EPPM revealed that the severity of the COVID-19 threat perceived by respondents directly affected the arousal of fear in the respondents (β=0.268, t=9.007, p<0.001), but perceived efficacy did not (β=−0.019, t=−0.619, p>0.05); additionally, fear arousal was significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors (β=0.119, t=4.603, p<0.001). Regarding personal characteristics, self-esteem moderated the relationship between perceived threat and fear arousal. However, the moderating effect of self-esteem was stronger in people with low self-esteem compared to those with high self-esteem (β=0.606, −0.472; t=26.303, −17.694; p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively). The results of this study also indicated that two demographic characteristics (age and gender) affect COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Conclusion When developing healthcare policies and community interventions for improving COVID-19 prevention behaviors during an outbreak, healthcare administrators should carefully consider the main constructs of the EPPM, particularly personal characteristics (ie, self-esteem) and demographic characteristics (ie, age and gender).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Cheng Lin
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Min C, Shen F, Yu W, Chu Y. The relationship between government trust and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: Exploring the roles of knowledge and negative emotion. Prev Med 2020; 141:106288. [PMID: 33091414 PMCID: PMC7571476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Government trust is known to be associated with preventive practices during pandemics, but few studies have explored the roles of knowledge and negative emotion in conditioning the relationship between trust and preventive behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of knowledge and negative emotion in conditioning the relationship between trust and preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 3000 Chinese adults [mean (SD) age 36.93 (12.11) years; 52.4% male], conducted using quota-sampling method (March 2-2020 to March 23-2020), were analyzed. Overall, respondents performed recommended preventive measures more frequently (3.21 out of 4) than excessive preventive measures (2.11 out of 4). Government trust was positively associated with both officially recommended (b = 0.12; 95%CI = 0.18, 0.25) and excessive preventive behaviors (b = 0.07; 95%CI = 0.03, 0.10). The positive relationship between trust and excessive preventive behaviors was found to be statistically significant only among those with low levels of COVID-19 knowledge. Officially recommended preventive behavior is most likely to happen when there is a combination of high levels of government trust and low levels of negative emotion. Therefore, government trust increases both official and excessive (sometimes unscientific) preventive behaviors. Interventions shall aim to enhance people's COVID-19 knowledge and to reduce negative emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Min
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; School of Communication and Design, Sun Yat-sent University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yajie Chu
- School of Journalism, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang GY, Tang SF. Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:148. [PMID: 33106187 PMCID: PMC7586696 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been affecting people's psychosocial health and well-being through various complex pathways. The present study aims to investigate the perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates among Chinese community-dwelling residents. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was carried out online and using a structured questionnaire during April 2020. In total, 4788 men and women with the age range of 11-98 years from eight provinces in eastern, central and western China were included in the analysis. We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Multiple regression method, binary logistic regression model and variance inflation factor (VIF) were used to conduct data analysis. RESULTS Respectively 34.8%, 32.5% and 44.8% of the participants expressed feeling more hopeless, lonely, and depressed during the pandemic. The percentage of all three indicators was comparatively higher among women than among men: hopelessness (50.7% vs 49.3%), loneliness (52.4% vs 47.6%), and depression (56.2% vs 43.8%). Being married was associated with lower odds of loneliness among men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45-0.90). Loneliness was negatively associated with smoking (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45-0.99) and positively associated with drinking (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04-2.02). Compared with those in the lowest income bracket (< CNY 10 000), men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21-0.55) and women (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23-0.56) in the highest level of annually housed income (> CNY 40 000) had the lowest odds of reporting perceived hopelessness (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25-0.48). Smoking also showed negative association with depression only among men (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.91). CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of the participants reported worsening in the experience of hopelessness and loneliness, with more than two-fifth of worsening depression during the pandemic compared with before the outbreak. Several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with the outcome variables, most notably participants' marital status, household income, smoking, alcohol drinking, existing chronic conditions. These findings may be of significance to treat patients and help them recover from the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Yi Wang
- Henan Medical Products Administration & Center for ADR Monitoring of Henan, 127 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Shang-Feng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Center for Health Service Research in Rural Areas, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences at Universities in Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|