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Ottaviano G, Pendolino AL, Scarpa B, Torsello M, Sartori D, Savietto E, Cantone E, Nicolai P. Correlations between Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow, Acoustic Rhinometry, 4-Phase Rhinomanometry and Reported Nasal Symptoms. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091513. [PMID: 36143298 PMCID: PMC9502950 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry (AR) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) are popular methods for nasal patency evaluation. The aim of the present study was to compare these three methods with the reported nasal symptoms to determine the best diagnostic tool to assess nasal obstruction. Methods: 101 subjects were evaluated using PNIF, 4-phase rhinomanometry (4PR), AR, Visual Analogue Scale for nasal obstruction (VAS-NO) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Correlations among PNIF, 4PR, AR, VAS-NO and SNOT-22 were obtained. Results: VAS-NO and SNOT-22 were moderately correlated with each other (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). 4PR was moderately correlated with PNIF (r = −0.31, p = 0.0016) and AR (r = −0.5, p < 0.001). VAS-NO was mildly correlated with PNIF (r = −0.29, p = 0.0034). SNOT-22 was moderately correlated with PNIF (r = −0.31, p = 0.0017). After dividing the population into symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, based on their VAS-NO score, the former showed significantly lower PNIF values (p = 0.009) and higher 4PR values (p = 0.013) compared to the latter ones. Conclusion: PNIF and 4PR showed a significant moderate correlation with each other, but PNIF showed a significant correlation (weak-moderate) with the reported nasal symptom scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)49-8214470; Fax: +39-(0)49-8213113
| | - Alfonso Luca Pendolino
- Department of ENT, Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, London WC1E 6DG, UK
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Bruno Scarpa
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Department of Mathematics Tullio Levi-Civita, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Miriam Torsello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Sartori
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Savietto
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Unit of Ear, Nose and Throat, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Scraping nasal cytology in the diagnostics of rhinitis and the comorbidities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14492. [PMID: 36008516 PMCID: PMC9403955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal scraping cytology is a non-invasive tool used in the diagnostics of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. The study aimed to analyze to what extent the cytological picture of the nasal mucosa coincides with the diagnosis of a given disease, taking into account the content of eosinophils. Retrospective analysis of the cytograms performed in 842 patients was carried out in relation to the disease entities and the content of eosinophils. Significant relationship between the Epith:Infl ratio and the four groups of diseases (Chi2 = 9.6488; p = .014) was confirmed. The more intensive inflammation was found, the higher percentage of patients had manifested the increased level of eosinophils (> 1% in the inflammatory cells). The value of 20% of eosinophils in all counted cells corresponds to around 45% of eosinophils in the inflammatory cells in patients with the evident inflammatory picture. Allergic rhinitis presents a different cytological picture regarding the eosinophilic reaction against the background of the inflammation process: the higher degree of inflammation observed, the lower amount of eosinophils detected, with the exception of allergic rhinitis provoked by pollen allergens.
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da Paz ER, de Lima CMF, Felix SN, Schaeffer B, Galvão CES, Correia AT, Righetti RF, de Arruda Martins M, de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério I, Saraiva-Romanholo BM. Airway inflammatory profile among cleaning workers from different workplaces. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:170. [PMID: 35488256 PMCID: PMC9052628 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cleaning workers represent a significant proportion of the active population worldwide, with poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries. Despite this, they remain a relatively poorly studied occupational group. They are constantly exposed to agents that can cause symptoms and respiratory problems. This study aimed to evaluate upper airway inflammation in professional cleaning workers in three different occupational settings by comparing nasal cytology inflammation and clinical profiles. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of upper airway inflammation and symptoms of asthma/rhinitis related to cleaning work, according to workplace. A total of 167 participants were divided into four groups: hospital, university, housekeeper and control. A nasal swab was collected for upper airway inflammation evaluation. Clinical profiles and respiratory symptom employee evaluations were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey—ECRS and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood—ISAAC). Results Cleaning workers showed increased neutrophils and lymphocytes; the hospital and university groups showed increased macrophages compared to the housekeeper and control groups. The hospital and housekeeper groups showed increased eosinophils when they performed cleaning services for up to one year and reported having more asthma symptoms than the control group. Cleaning workers showed increased rhinitis symptoms. The university group showed increased rhinitis symptoms aggravated by the workplace compared with the hospital and housekeeper groups. Cleaning workers showed an increased affirmative response when directly asked about rhinitis symptoms compared to the control group. Conclusions Cleaning workers showed airway inflammation, asthma symptoms and rhinitis, regardless of the occupational environment to which they were exposed, as well as showed increased rhinitis and asthma symptoms. Hospital cleaning workers showed increased macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils compared to the others. The length of time spent performing cleaning work was not related to nasal inflammation or respiratory symptoms in this population. However, there were differences in workplaces. Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration number: NCT03311048. Registration date: 10.16.2017. Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-01949-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinéia Rosa da Paz
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Hospital Do Servidor Público Do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Soraia Nogueira Felix
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Hospital Do Servidor Público Do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Schaeffer
- Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coração, InCor-HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Investigação Médica- LIM 61, Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Serviço de Reabilitação, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Terapêutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- Laboratório de Terapêutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Instituto de Assistência Médica Ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Hospital Do Servidor Público Do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Terapêutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Jeebhay MF, Baatjies R. Occupational inhalant allergy in food handling occupations. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:64-72. [PMID: 34923552 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review article on recent developments on inhalant food allergens associated with occupational respiratory allergy and asthma. RECENT FINDINGS This review has found that occupational inhalant allergy in food handling occupations is a common and recognisable clinical entity (class 3 food allergy) in high-risk food occupations such as bakeries and seafood processing. Aerosolised food proteins from plant or animal food sources, additives and biological food contaminants cause occupational sensitization, rhinitis and asthma. The risk of allergy may be enhanced across the food value chain as a result of food processing techniques including the introduction of new food allergens in the food matrix. Occupational food allergy and asthma can be prevented by improved health-based exposure standards, workplace control measures, education and training activities, and early diagnosis accompanied with exposure reduction. SUMMARY Future studies need to focus on exposure-response studies to establish improved exposure limits especially for flour dust, the relevance of cooked vs raw foods in influencing risk, identifying and characterising major inhalant food allergens accompanied with component resolved diagnostic approaches, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for common high-risk food sensitizers causing occupational rhinitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town
| | - Roslynn Baatjies
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), Cape Town, South Africa
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Impact of renal replacement therapies on olfactory ability: results of a cross-sectional case control study. J Nephrol 2021; 35:223-232. [PMID: 33625692 PMCID: PMC8803626 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have suggested that chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with olfactory impairment. However, to date, the impact of renal replacement therapies has only been partly defined. Methods We tested the olfactory function of 235 participants [50 kidney transplant recipients (KT), 49 hemodialyzed patients (HD), 30 peritoneal dialysis patients (PD), 51 patients with CKD not on dialysis (ND-CKD) and 55 healthy subjects (HS)] by the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Burghardt®, Wedel, Germany), including the sub-tests for the determination of odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), odor identification (I). Each subtest result was then summed up to a composite score, known as the TDI score. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT22), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and olfactory function Visual Analogue Scale (ofVAS) were also performed. Results The mean TDI score was significantly lower (and consistent with hyposmia), in HD, PD and ND-CKD compared to HS and KT (ANOVA p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in the I and D tests, and with the T score, though with regard to the latter, only in PD and ND-CKD patients. Multiple comparisons among groups demonstrated no significant differences between KT and HS. After adjustments for confounding factors, a significant linear association was found between both urea (β − 0.03, p < 0.003) and eGFR (β 0.08, p < 0.001) with TDI score. No significant association was observed between the TDI score and the ofVAS score (p = 0.293). Conclusions Olfactory impairment affects a large number of CKD patients in the pre-dialysis phase as well as those on dialysis. Kidney transplantation may reverse this condition with a possible positive impact on the quality of life and social behaviors/relationships. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40620-021-00983-6.
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