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Mauro F, Corrado B, De Gregorio V, Lagreca E, Di Natale C, Vecchione R, Netti PA. Exploring the evolution of bacterial cellulose precursors and their potential use as cellulose-based building blocks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11613. [PMID: 38773229 PMCID: PMC11109180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have found increased use in a wider range of applications due to their less harmful effects. Notably, bacterial cellulose has gained significant consideration due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties and its substantial biocompatibility, which makes it an attractive candidate for several biomedical applications. This study attempts to thoroughly unravel the microstructure of bacterial cellulose precursors, known as bioflocculants, which to date have been poorly characterised, by employing both electron and optical microscopy techniques. Here, starting from bioflocculants from Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY), we proved that their microstructural features, such as porosity percentage, cellulose assembly degree, fibres' density and fraction, change in a spatio-temporal manner during their rising toward the liquid-air interface. Furthermore, our research identified a correlation between electron and optical microscopy parameters, enabling the assessment of bioflocculants' microstructure without necessitating offline sample preparation procedures. The ultimate goal was to determine their potential suitability as a novel cellulose-based building block material with tuneable structural properties. Our investigations substantiate the capability of SCOBY bioflocculants, characterized by distinct microstructures, to successfully assemble within a microfluidic device, thereby generating a cellulose sheet endowed with specific and purposefully designed structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mauro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Corrado
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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2
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He ZH, Wang B, Shi JY, Rong H, Tao HY, Jamal AS, Han XD. Recycling drinking water treatment sludge in construction and building materials: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171513. [PMID: 38460695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) is a by-product of water treatment, and it is difficult to recycle to high value and poses potential environmental risks. Recycling DWTS into cement-based materials is an effective measure to achieve its high-volume utilization and reduce its environmental load. DWTS is rich in silica-alumina phases and has potential pozzolanic activity after drying, grinding and calcination, giving it similar properties to traditional supplementary cementitious materials. Adjusting the sludge production process and coagulant type will change its physical and chemical properties. Adding a small amount of DWTS can generate additional hydration products and refine the pore structure of the cement sample, thus improving the mechanical properties and durability of the sample. However, adding high-volume DWTS to concrete causes microstructural deterioration, but it is feasible to use high-volume DWTS to produce artificial aggregates, lightweight concrete, and sintered bricks. Meanwhile, calcined DWTS has similar compositions to clay, which makes it a potential raw material for cement clinker production. Cement-based materials can effectively solidify heavy metal ions in DWTS, and alkali-activated binders, magnesium-based cement, and carbon curing technology can further reduce the risk of heavy metal leaching. This review provides support for the high-value utilization of DWTS in cement-based materials and the reduction of its potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai He
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jin-Yan Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China.
| | - Hui Rong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hong-Yu Tao
- Yuanpei College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ahmed Salah Jamal
- Civil Engineering Department, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Xu-Dong Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
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3
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Persano F, Malitesta C, Mazzotta E. Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wastewater Treatment: A Focus on Metal Ions Removal. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1292. [PMID: 38732760 PMCID: PMC11085632 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid worldwide industrial growth in recent years has made water contamination by heavy metals a problem that requires an immediate solution. Several strategies have been proposed for the decontamination of wastewater in terms of heavy metal ions. Among these, methods utilizing adsorbent materials are preferred due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, effectiveness, and scalability for treating large volumes of contaminated water. In this context, heavy metal removal by hydrogels based on naturally occurring polymers is an attractive approach for industrial wastewater remediation as they offer significant advantages, such as an optimal safety profile, good biodegradability, and simple and low-cost procedures for their preparation. Hydrogels have the ability to absorb significant volumes of water, allowing for the effective removal of the dissolved pollutants. Furthermore, they can undergo surface chemical modifications which can further improve their ability to retain different environmental pollutants. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the application of hydrogels in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater, particularly focusing on hydrogels based on cellulose and cellulose derivatives. The reported studies highlight how the adsorption properties of these materials can be widely modified, with a wide range of adsorption capacity for different heavy metal ions varying between 2.3 and 2240 mg/g. The possibility of developing new hydrogels with improved sorption performances is also discussed in the review, with the aim of improving their effective application in real scenarios, indicating future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.P.); (C.M.)
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4
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Liu W, Qian J, Ding H, Li J, Liu J, Zhou W. Synergistic interactions of light and dark biofilms in rotating algal biofilm system for enhanced aquaculture wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130654. [PMID: 38575095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture wastewater management is critical for environmental sustainability. This study investigates the synergistic interactions between light and dark biofilms with a Rotating Algal Biofilm (RAB) system for effective aquaculture wastewater treatment. The RAB system, optimized with a 5-day harvest time and 12-hour hydraulic retention time, demonstrated superior biomass productivity (3.3 g m-2 d-1) and total ammoniacal nitrogen removal (82.3 %). Comparative analysis of light and dark biofilms revealed their complementary roles, with the light side exhibiting higher carbon assimilation and nutrient removal efficiencies, while the dark side contributed significantly to denitrification and phosphorus removal. Microbial community analysis highlighted the dominance of key bacterial genera such as Haliangium, Methyloversatilis and Comamonadaceae, along with the algal genus Chlorella, indicating their crucial roles in nutrient cycling. This study provides insights into the operational dynamics of RAB system for sustainable aquaculture wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huijun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Aguilera Flores MM, Robles Miranda OE, Ávila Vázquez V, Medellín Castillo NA, Sánchez Mata O, Medina Leaños R, González Fernández LA. Effectiveness of a natural coagulant based on common mallow ( Malva sylvestris) in urban wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38686920 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2346861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a natural coagulant based on common mallow (Malva sylvestris) to remove turbidity in urban wastewater. A 22 factorial design was selected to determine the optimal dose and the working pH of the natural coagulant. Its potential was studied in 50.0-450 mg/L and 4.00-10.0 ranges of doses and pH, respectively. A simplex lattice mixture evaluated its effectiveness as a coagulant aid combined with aluminum sulfate (conventional coagulant). Mixture proportions 0.000-1.00 were studied for each component, finding the proportion more effective. Results showed that the coagulation treatment could be feasible since a turbidity removal efficiency of 73.7% can be achieved under optimal conditions (50.0 mg/L and pH of 10.0). Likewise, a turbidity removal of 58.9% is obtained using 250 mg/L and maintaining wastewater pH (7.45). This efficiency can be increased using 31.0% natural coagulant mixed with 69.0% aluminum sulfate at 250 mg/L without modifying the wastewater pH. This improvement was associated with the natural coagulant's high molecular weight and long-chained structure since these properties enhance settling time, floc size and strength, and low sludge production. These results support using common mallow as a natural coagulant, making its use more feasible in alkaline water pH or as a coagulant aid combined with aluminum sulfate for urban wastewater treatment. A cost of USD 370/Kg of natural coagulant was estimated, which is higher than conventional coagulants. However, a cost-effectiveness analysis of its implementation should be performed since process scaling costs could significantly reduce its price.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica Ávila Vázquez
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Nahum Andrés Medellín Castillo
- Graduate Studies and Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Omar Sánchez Mata
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Raudel Medina Leaños
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Konkobo FA, Diao M, Savadogo PW, Dakuyo R, Roamba NE, Zongo S, Dicko MH. Reduction of Malnutrition Related to Unsafe Water Consumption in Developing Countries: Potabilization of Surface Water and Traditional Well Water, with Plant Extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:519. [PMID: 38791734 PMCID: PMC11121701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of unsafe water in rural areas is a real public health problem in developing countries. This situation mainly affects children under five years of age and causes several deaths and many cases of malnutrition every year. The objective of this study was to evaluate and optimize the capacity of four local plant extracts in the potabilization of unsafe water. Thus, Moringa oleifera and Boscia senegalensis seeds, or Aloe vera and Opuntia ficus-indica mucilages were prepared in a solution and applied during a jar test as biocoagulants and bioflocculants on three raw water samples of 82.3 NTU, 549.8 NTU and 796.9 NTU. After treatment results showed that 0.9 g/L of Moringa biocoagulant or 1 g/L of Boscia biocoagulant applied with 0.4 mL of Aloe vera bioflocculant or 0.6 mL of Opuntia ficus-indica bioflocculant reduced the turbidity of each water sample to values less than 5 NTU after only 15 min of decanting. Moreover, the sanitary quality of the water treated by these different extracts showed a perfect conformity of the physicochemical and microbiological parameters with the standards of acceptability in drinking water decreed by the World Health Organization. Thus, the application of these local plant extracts has made it possible to considerably improve the quality of unsafe water in record time. Their popularization could be an alternative in the fight against malnutrition related to the consumption of unsafe water, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Anderson Konkobo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamounata Diao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo
- Soil-Water-Plant Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (INERA/CNRST), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso
- International Joint Research Unit—Environment, Health and Societies (UMI 3189, ESS), Ouagadougou 01 BP 476, Burkina Faso
| | - Roger Dakuyo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Noëlle Edwige Roamba
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Sandrine Zongo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou Hama Dicko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
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Tsai SY, Chang CK, Wei PY, Huang SY, Gavahian M, Santoso SP, Hsieh CW. Effective Removal of Different Heavy Metals Ion (Cu, Pb, and Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Various Molecular Weight and Salt Types of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:1054. [PMID: 38474566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of industrial developments, water pollution by heavy metals as hazardous chemicals has garnered attention. Addressing the urgent need for efficient heavy metal removal from aqueous environments, this study delves into using poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) for the bioflocculation of heavy metals. Utilizing γ-PGA variants from Bacillus subtilis with different molecular weights and salt forms (Na-bonded and Ca-bonded), the research evaluates their adsorption capacities for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) ions. It was found that Na-bonded γ-PGA with a high molecular weight showed the highest heavy metal adsorption (92.2-98.3%), particularly at a 0.5% concentration which exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency. Additionally, the study investigated the interaction of γ-PGA in mixed heavy metal environments, and it was discovered that Na-γ-PGA-HM at a 0.5% concentration showed a superior adsorption efficiency for Pb ions (85.4%), highlighting its selectivity as a potential effective biosorbent for wastewater treatment. This research not only enlightens the understanding of γ-PGA's role in heavy metal remediation but also underscores its potential as a biodegradable and non-toxic alternative for environmental cleanup. The findings pave the way for further exploration into the mechanisms and kinetics of γ-PGA's adsorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yen Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Rd., Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Daan Dist., Taipei 106221, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
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8
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Selepe TN, Maliehe TS. Bioflocculation of pollutants in wastewater using flocculant derived from Providencia huaxiensis OR794369.1. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38281910 PMCID: PMC10823601 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water pollution has become a major environmental and health concern due to increasing population and industrialisation. Microbial flocculants are promising agents for treatment of contaminated water owing to their effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and high biosafety levels. In this study, culture conditions of Providencia huaxiensis OR794369.1 were optimised and its bioflocculant was extracted, characterised and used to treat wastewater. RESULTS The maximum flocculating activity of 92% and yield of 3.5 g/L were obtained when cultivation conditions were: 3% inoculum size, starch, casein, initial pH of 6, cultivation temperature of 30 oC and 72 h of fermentation. The bioflocculant is an amorphous glycoprotein biomolecule with 37.5% carbohydrates, 27.9% protein, and 34.6% uronic acids. It is composed of hydroxyl, amino, alkanes, carboxylic acid and amines groups as its main functional structures. It was found to be safe to use as it demonstrated non-cytotoxic effects on bovine dermis and African green monkey kidney cells, illustrating median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 180 and > 500 µg/mL on both cell lines, respectively. It demonstrated the removal efficiencies of 90% on chemical oxygen demand (COD), 97% on biological oxygen demand (BOD) and 72% on Sulphur on coal mine wastewater. It also revealed the reduction efficacies of 98% (COD) and 92% (BOD) and 70% on Sulphur on domestic wastewater. CONCLUSION The bioflocculant was effective in reducing pollutants and thus, illustrated potential to be used in wastewater treatment process as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou Nelson Selepe
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
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Weng R, Chen G, He X, Qin J, Dong S, Bai J, Li S, Zhao S. The Performance of Cellulose Composite Membranes and Their Application in Drinking Water Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:285. [PMID: 38276693 PMCID: PMC10820925 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and water pollution have become increasingly severe, and therefore, the purification of water resources has recently garnered increasing attention. Given its position as a major water resource, the efficient purification of drinking water is of crucial importance. In this study, we adopted a phase transition method to prepare ZrO2/BCM (bamboo cellulose membranes), after which we developed IP-ZrO2/BC-NFM (bamboo cellulose nanofiltration membranes) through interfacial polymerization using piperazine (PIP) and tricarbonyl chloride (TMC). Subsequently, we integrated these two membranes to create a combined "ultrafiltration + nanofiltration" membrane process for the treatment of drinking water. The membrane combination process was conducted at 25 °C, with ultrafiltration at 0.1 MPa and nanofiltration at 0.5 MPa. This membrane combination, featuring "ultrafiltration + nanofiltration," had a significant impact on reducing turbidity, consistently maintaining the post-filtration turbidity of drinking water at or below 0.1 NTU. Furthermore, the removal rates for CODMN and ammonia nitrogen reached 75% and 88.6%, respectively, aligning with the standards for high-quality drinking water. In a continuous 3 h experiment, the nanofiltration unit exhibited consistent retention rates for Na2SO4 and bovine serum protein (BSA), with variations of less than 5%, indicating exceptional separation performance. After 9 h of operation, the water flux of the nanofiltration unit began to stabilize, with a decrease rate of approximately 25%, demonstrating that the "ultrafiltration + nanofiltration" membrane combination can maintain consistent performance during extended use. In conclusion, the "ultrafiltration + nanofiltration" membrane combination exhibited remarkable performance in the treatment of drinking water, offering a viable solution to address issues related to water scarcity and water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengui Weng
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Xin He
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jie Qin
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Shuo Dong
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Junjiang Bai
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Shaojie Li
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Shikang Zhao
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (G.C.); (J.B.)
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Ramli NN, Kurniawan SB, Ighalo JO, Mohd Said NS, Marsidi N, Buhari J, Ramli Shah RA, Zulkifli M, Alias J, Daud NM, Ahmad J, Othman AR, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Abu Hasan H. A review of the treatment technologies for hexavalent chromium contaminated water. Biometals 2023; 36:1189-1219. [PMID: 37209220 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) present in the environment has exceeded the current limits or standards and thus may lead to biotic and abiotic catastrophes. Accordingly, several treatments, including chemical, biological, and physical approaches, are being used to reduce Cr(VI) waste in the surrounding environment. This study compares the Cr(VI) treatment approaches from several areas of science and their competence in Cr(VI) removal. As an effective combination of physical and chemical approaches, the coagulation-flocculation technique removes more than 98% of Cr(VI) in less than 30 min. Most membrane filtering approaches can remove up to 90% of Cr(VI). Biological approaches that involve the use of plants, fungi, and bacteria also successfully eliminate Cr(VI) but are difficult to scale up. Each of these approaches has its benefits and drawbacks, and their applicability is determined by the research aims. These approaches are also sustainable and environmentally benign, thus limiting their effects on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nadhirah Ramli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B., 5025, Nigeria
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuratiqah Marsidi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Junaidah Buhari
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Radhiatul Atiqah Ramli Shah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Zulkifli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jahira Alias
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurull Muna Daud
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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He J, Xia S, Li W, Deng J, Lin Q, Zhang L. Resource recovery and valorization of food wastewater for sustainable development: An overview of current approaches. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119118. [PMID: 37769472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The food processing industry is one of the world's largest consumers of potable water. Agri-food wastewater systems consume about 70% of the world's fresh water and cause at least 80% of deforestation. Food wastewater is characterized by complex composition, a wide range of pollutants, and fluctuating water quality, which can cause huge environmental pollution problems if discharged directly. In recent years, food wastewater has attracted considerable attention as it is considered to have great prospects for resource recovery and reuse due to its rich residues of nutrients and low levels of harmful substances. This review explored and compared the sources and characteristics of different types of food wastewater and methods of wastewater treatment. Particular attention was paid to the different methods of resource recovery and reuse of food wastewater. The diversity of raw materials in the food industry leads to different compositional characteristics of wastewater, which determine the choice and efficiency of wastewater treatment methods. Physicochemical methods, and biological methods alone or in combination have been used for the efficient treatment of food wastewater. Current approaches for recycling and reuse of food wastewater include culture substrates, agricultural irrigation, and bio-organic fertilizers, recovery of high-value products such as proteins, lipids, biopolymers, and bioenergy to alleviate the energy crisis. Food wastewater is a promising substrate for resource recovery and reuse, and its valorization meets the current international policy requirements regarding food waste and environment protection, follows the development trend of the food industry, and is also conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction, and economic development. However, more innovative biotechnologies are necessary to advance the effectiveness of food wastewater treatment and the extent of resource recovery and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinTao He
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - SuXuan Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seasonings Green Manufacturing, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
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Girish N, Parashar N, Hait S. Coagulative removal of microplastics from aqueous matrices: Recent progresses and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165723. [PMID: 37482362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) system has been identified as one of the favored treatment technique in water/wastewater treatment systems and hence, it is crucial to comprehend the efficacy of different coagulants used in removing microplastics (MPs) from aqueous matrices. Henceforth, this study critically reviews the recent progress and efficacy of different coagulants used to date for MPs removal. This includes laboratory and field-scale studies on inorganic and organic coagulants, as well as laboratory-scale studies on natural coagulants. Inorganic and organic coagulants have varying MPs removal efficiencies such as: Fe/Al-salts (30 %-95 %), alum (99 %), and poly aluminum chloride (13 %-97 %), magnesium hydroxide (84 %), polyamine (99 %), organosilanes (>95 %), and polyacrylamide (85 %-98 %). Moreover, studies have highlighted the use of natural coagulants, such as chitosan, protein amyloid fibrils, and starch has shown promising results in MPs removal with sevral advantages over traditional coagulants. These natural coagulants have demonstrated high MPs removal efficiencies with chitosan-tannic acid (95 %), protein amyloid fibrils (98 %), and starch (>90 %). Moreover, the MPs removal efficiencies of natural coagulants are compared and their predominant removal mechanisms are determined. Plant-based natural coagulants can potentially remove MPs through mechanisms such as polymer bridging and charge neutralization. Further, a systematic analysis on the effect of operational parameters highlights that the pH affects particle surface charge and coagulation efficiency, while mixing speed affects particle aggregation and sedimentation. Also, the optimal mixing speed for effective MPs removal depends on coagulant type and concentration, water composition, and MPs characteristics. Moreover, this work highlights the advantages and limitations of using different coagulants for MPs removal and discusses the challenges and future prospects in scaling up these laboratory studies for real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandika Girish
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India
| | - Neha Parashar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India.
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13
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Belete B, Desye B, Ambelu A, Yenew C. Micropollutant Removal Efficiency of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Systematic Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231195158. [PMID: 37692976 PMCID: PMC10492480 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231195158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Various review papers have been published regarding the occurrence and fate of micropollutants (MPs). MPs in the aquatic environment are still not well reviewed to generate comprehensive summaries with a special focus on their removal from wastewater using conventional and advanced treatment processes. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a synopsis of the efficiency of the advanced wastewater treatment plants in the removal of MPs. Materials and methods A systematic search of published literature was conducted on the National Library of Medicine (NLM) database, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Scopus, and Google Scholar, based on studies with evidence of removal of MPs in the wastewater treatment process. Screening of the published articles was made using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Amongst the 1545 studies searched, 21 full-length articles were analyzed that showed 7 treatment options related to the removal of MPs from wastewater. MPs from wastewater effluents were successfully and effectively removed by advanced treatment techniques. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), membrane processes, and adsorption processes have all been shown to be potential solutions for the removal of MPs in advanced treatment plants (WWTPs). But, there are 2 critical issues associated with the application of the advanced treatment options which are high operational cost and the formation of dangerous by-products and concentrated residues. Conclusion This study identified that the removal of MPs using WWTPs was commonly incomplete with varying removal efficiency. Therefore, the adaptation and scale-up of the cost-effective and efficient combined wastewater treatment technology are vital to creating an absolute barrier to MPs emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biniam Belete
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Desye
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Division of Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chalachew Yenew
- Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Muthulakshmi L, Mohan S, Tatarchuk T. Microplastics in water: types, detection, and removal strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84933-84948. [PMID: 37386221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are one of the most concerning groups of contaminants that pollute most of the surroundings of the Earth. The abundance of plastic materials available in the environment moved the scientific community in defining a new historical era known as Plasticene. Regardless of their minuscule size, microplastics have posed severe threats to the life forms like animals, plants, and other species present in the ecosystem. Ingestion of microplastics could lead to harmful health effects like teratogenic and mutagenic abnormalities. The source of microplastics could be either primary or secondary in which the components of microplastics are directly released into the atmosphere and the breakdown of larger units to generate the smaller molecules. Though numerous physical and chemical techniques are reported for the removal of microplastics, their increased cost prevents the large-scale applicability of the process. Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and ultrafiltration are some of the methods used for the removal of microplastics. Certain species of microalgae are known to remove microplastics by their inherent nature. One of the biological treatment strategies for microplastic removal is the activated sludge strategy that is used for the separation of microplastic. The overall microplastic removal efficiency is significantly high compared to conventional techniques. Thus, the reported biological avenues like the bio-flocculant for microplastic removal are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmanan Muthulakshmi
- Biomaterials and Product Development Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Shalini Mohan
- Biomaterials and Product Development Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Tetiana Tatarchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland.
- Educational and Scientific Center of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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15
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Badawi AK, Salama RS, Mostafa MMM. Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19335-19355. [PMID: 37377880 PMCID: PMC10291875 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial wastewater is categorized as a voracious consumer of fresh water and a high-strength source of pollution. Coagulation-flocculation is a simple and cost-effective technique for removing organic/inorganic compounds and colloidal particles from industrial effluents. Despite the outstanding natural properties, biodegradability, and efficacy of natural coagulants/flocculants (NC/Fs) in industrial wastewater treatment, their significant potential to remediate such effluents is underappreciated, particularly in commercial scale applications. Most reviews on NC/Fs focused on the possible application of plant-based sources such as plant seeds, tannin, certain vegetables/fruit peels, and their lab-scale potential. Our review expands the scope by examining the feasibility of using natural materials from other sources for industrial effluent decontamination. By analyzing the latest data on NC/Fs, we identify the most promising preparation techniques for making these materials stable enough to compete with traditional options in the marketplace. An interesting presentation of the results of various recent studies has also been highlighted and discussed. Additionally, we highlight the recent success of using magnetic-natural coagulants/flocculants (M-NC/Fs) in treating diverse industrial effluents, and discuss the potential for reprocessing spent materials as a renewable resource. The review also offers different concepts for suggested large-scale treatment systems used by MN-CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K Badawi
- Civil Engineering Department, El-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Giza 12588 Egypt
| | - Reda S Salama
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar M Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Daud NM, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Ismail N‘I. Coagulation-flocculation treatment for batik effluent as a baseline study for the upcoming application of green coagulants/flocculants towards sustainable batik industry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17284. [PMID: 37389087 PMCID: PMC10300373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to protect the environment are factors that drive researchers to search for suitable, appropriate, affordable and efficient treatment of batik wastewater. Treatment research on batik wastewater is still lacking and coagulation-flocculation treatment using alum was introduced and chosen as a stepping stone toward the selection of green coagulants. This study aimed to determine the best conditions for alum flocculation-coagulation using a standard jar test method. Four main factors were investigated: alum dosage (0.1-3.5 g/L), pH (4-11), settling time (0.5-24 h) and rapid mixing rate (100-300 rpm). Results obtained were further analysed statistically using SPSS software prior to determining the significant effect of variable changes. From this study, the best conditions for batik wastewater treatment using the flocculation-coagulation process were found to be at alum dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 8, 4 h settling time and a rapid mixing rate of 100 rpm. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, colour and total suspended solids (TSS) were removed by 70.7, 92.2, 88.4 and 100%, respectively, under these conditions. This study showed that batik wastewater can be treated by the coagulation-flocculation process using chemical means of alum. This indicates the need for forthcoming developments in natural-based-coagulant-flocculants toward the sustainability of the batik industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurull Muna Daud
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur ‘Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Shende AP, Chidambaram R. Cocoyam powder extracted from Colocasia antiquorum as a novel plant-based bioflocculant for industrial wastewater treatment: Flocculation performance and mechanism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15228. [PMID: 37095926 PMCID: PMC10121460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current investigation, the comparative study of cocoyam bioflocculant (CYBF) and chemical flocculant for the removal of heavy metals, COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, sulphate and nitrate from tannery effluent, and dyes from synthetic dye wastewater were examined. Different analytical techniques, including Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), were used to characterise the extracted bioflocculant. FTIR spectral measurement of the bioflocculant demonstrated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups. By using bioflocculant, the highest removal of TSS (85.5%), TDS (76.2%), BOD (74%), COD (50.5%), sulphate (54.4%), nitrate (52%), Lead (65%), Chromium (60%), Nickel (57.9%), from tannery effluent was achieved at pH 6 and bioflocculant dosage of 8 mg/L. While, 80% congo red, 79% methyl orange, 73% safranin, and 72% methylene blue were removed from synthetic dye wastewater by cocoyam bioflocculant. Two flocculation mechanisms were found for dye removal, electrostatic force of attraction, and hydrogen bonding. In the case of metal adsorption, only electrostatic interactions were observed between metal ions and functional groups of bioflocculant. The cocoyam bioflocculant exhibited excellent flocculation efficacy and thus can be used in wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals and other pollutants.
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18
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Sudirgo MM, Surya RA, Kristianto H, Prasetyo S, Sugih AK. Application of xanthan gum as coagulant-aid for decolorization of synthetic Congo red wastewater. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15011. [PMID: 37151703 PMCID: PMC10161381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, utilization of polysaccharides as natural coagulant and coagulant-aid has become a topic of interest, due to the nature of biopolymers that are renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic. In this study, Congo red, as a model dye substance, was treated using polyaluminium chloride (PAC) as the main coagulant and xanthan gum as the coagulant aid. For this purpose, the effect of pH (3-9), xanthan gum dose (0.5-4 mg/L), and the initial concentration of Congo red dye (50-100 mg/L) to the dye removal and sludge volume were investigated. The outcome of this investigation indicates that the best pH for Congo red coagulation occurred at pH 3, due to the charge neutralization mechanism. The addition of coagulant-aid dose increases the %-removal and sludge volume until reaching the best coagulant-aid dose of 2 mg/L that results in a %-removal value of 93.81% and a sludge volume of 23.5 mL/L. Further addition of xanthan gum reduced the %-removal and sludge volume due to the inter-polymer force causing more difficult floc formation. The best initial concentration of dye occurred at a Congo red concentration of 50 mg/L, with a %-removal value of 93.81% with PAC (15 mg/L) and xanthan gum (2 mg/L) coagulants. This value is considerably higher than PAC and xanthan gum only which amounts to 81.16 and 7.18%, respectively. Based on these results, it is apparent that xanthan gum can positively contribute to dye coagulation while reducing the use of harmful inorganic coagulant.
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Hadadi A, Imessaoudene A, Bollinger JC, Bouzaza A, Amrane A, Tahraoui H, Mouni L. Aleppo pine seeds (Pinus halepensis Mill.) as a promising novel green coagulant for the removal of Congo red dye: Optimization via machine learning algorithm. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117286. [PMID: 36640645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Consideration is now being given to the use of metal coagulants to remove turbidity from drinking water and wastewater. Concerns about the long-term impact of non-biodegradable sludge on human health and the potential contamination of aquatic systems are gaining popularity. Recently, alternative biocoagulants have been suggested to address these concerns. In this study, using a 1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, the active coagulating agent was extracted from Pinus halepensis Mill. Seed, and used for the first time to remove Congo red dye, the influence of numerous factors on dye removal was evaluated in order to make comparisons with conventional coagulants. The application of biocoagulant was shown to be very successful, with coagulant dosages ranging from 3 to 12 mL L-1 achieving up to 80% dye removal and yielding 28 mL L-1 of sludge. It was also found that biocoagulant is extremely pH sensitive with an optimum operating pH of 3. Ferric chloride, on the other hand, achieved similar removal rate with higher sludge production (46 mL L-1) under the same conditions. A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and proximate composition analysis were undertaken to determine qualitatively the potential active coagulant ingredient in the seeds and suggested the involvement of proteins in the coagulation-flocculation mechanism. The evaluation criteria of the Support vector machine_Gray wolf optimizer model in terms of statistical coefficients and errors reveals quite interesting results and demonstrates the performance of the model, with statistical coefficients close to 1 (R = 0.9998, R2 = 0.9995 and R2 adj = 0.9995) and minimal statistical errors (RMSE = 0.5813, MSE = 0.3379, EPM = 0 0.9808, ESP = 0.9677 and MAE = 0.2382). The study findings demonstrate that Pinus halepensis Mill. Seed extract might be a novel, environmentally friendly, and easily available coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Hadadi
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
| | - Ali Imessaoudene
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- Laboratoire E2Lim, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.
| | | | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Univ.Rennes, ENSCR, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708 Rennes, France.
| | - Hichem Tahraoui
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Department, Process Engineering Faculty, Salah Boubnider Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Lotfi Mouni
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
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Lau KS, Azmi NAS, Chin SX, Zakaria S, Chia CH. Chitosan-Bead-Encapsulated Polystyrene Sulfonate for Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Regeneration Studies: Batch and Continuous Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051269. [PMID: 36904513 PMCID: PMC10007044 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile industrialization causes water pollution due to the discharge of industrial effluents into the environment. To reduce the impact of industrial effluent, it must be treated in wastewater treatment plants before discharge into rivers. Among all wastewater treatment approaches, the adsorption process is one method to remove pollutants from wastewater, but it has some limitations in term of reusability and ionic selective adsorption properties. In this study, we prepared cationic poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS)-incorporated anionic chitosan beads synthesized using the oil-water emulsion coagulation method. The produced beads were characterized using FESEM and FTIR analysis. In batch adsorption studies, the PSS-incorporated chitosan beads exhibited monolayer adsorption processes, that is, exothermic processes that occur spontaneously at low temperatures, which were analyzed based on the adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics model fittings. The presence of PSS enables cationic methylene blue dye to adsorb to the anionic chitosan structure via electrostatic interaction between the sulfonic group and the dye molecule. The maximum adsorption capacity of PSS-incorporated chitosan beads achieved 42.21 mg/g, as calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Finally, the PSS-incorporated chitosan beads demonstrated good regeneration with different types of reagents, especially using sodium hydroxide as a regeneration reagent. With the use of sodium hydroxide regeneration of this adsorbent material, a continuous adsorption setup also demonstrated that PSS-incorporated chitosan beads can be reused for methylene blue adsorption for up to three cycle processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sheng Lau
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Alia Sahira Azmi
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Xian Chin
- ASASIpintar Program, Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.X.C.); (C.H.C.); Tel.: +603-8921-7552 (S.X.C.); +603-8921-5473 (C.H.C.)
| | - Sarani Zakaria
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Hua Chia
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.X.C.); (C.H.C.); Tel.: +603-8921-7552 (S.X.C.); +603-8921-5473 (C.H.C.)
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Salaghi A, Diaz-Baca JA, Fatehi P. Enhanced flocculation of aluminum oxide particles by lignin-based flocculants in dual polymer systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116999. [PMID: 36516704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant phenolic polymer produced vastly in pulping processes that could be further valorized. In this work, anionic (AKLs) and cationic (CKLs) lignin-based polymers were made by polymerizing kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) or [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl-ammonium chloride (METAC), respectively. In the polymerization reactions, various molar ratios of AA or METAC to KL were applied to produce AKLs and CKLs with different characteristics. The produced AKLs and CKLs were used in single and dual systems to flocculate aluminum oxide in suspension. To assess the interaction of these lignin-based polymers with the aluminum oxide particles; the zeta potential, adsorption, and flocculation of the colloidal systems were evaluated comprehensively. The flocculation performance of the lignin-derived polymers was compared with that of the homopolymers of AA and METAC (PAA and PMETAC) and commercially used flocculants. In single polymer systems, among the anionic synthesized polymers and homopolymers, KL-A4 (an AKL) was the best flocculant for the aluminum oxide suspensions owing to its largest molecular weight (330 × 103 g/mol) and highest charge density (-4.2 mmol/g). Remarkably, when KL-A4 and KL-C4 (the CKL with the highest molecular weight and charge density) were used subsequently in a dual polymer system, a larger adsorbed mass and a more viscous adlayer were formed than those of single polymer systems on the surface of aluminum oxide particles. The synergy between KL-A4 and KL-C4 was even stronger than that between homopolymers, which led to more significant adsorption on the aluminum oxide surface and, consequently, more efficient flocculation, producing larger (22 μm) and stronger flocs, regardless of the agitation intensity used in the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoub Salaghi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Stanikina N. Metal ions removal from wastewaters using Moringa oleifera seeds. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235803005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination and its consequences for human health and the environment have gained interest in developing economical, easy-to-use and environmentally friendly methods in wastewater treatment. One such aspect is the utilization of natural materials collected from plants in coagulation- flocculation process. This study outlines the potentialities of metal ions removal from wastewater through the use of Moringa oleifera seeds. Water samples were taken from the entrance and exit of a sewage treatment plant and the quality of water was examined before and after the treatment using aqueous extracts from powdered seeds with different dosages between 1 and 6 g/1. The determination of Chloride and Fluoride was performed by an automatic Mettler Toledo titrator with an electrode 141 SC and Fluoride selective electrode, ICP-OES determined the concentration of 12 heavy metals, all calibrated before use. The removal efficiency of the extracted bio flocculants was influenced by the type and initial concentration of water pollutants as well the dosage used. The highest percentage of removal was 98% for Fe, 95% for Cu and 72% for Zn, whereas this effect was less notable for residual Cl ions even at high dosage and have no influence of fluoride concentration.
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Aguilera Flores MM, Valdivia Cabral GI, Medellín Castillo NA, Ávila Vázquez V, Sánchez Mata O, García Torres J. Study on the Effectiveness of Two Biopolymer Coagulants on Turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal in Urban Wastewater. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010037. [PMID: 36616387 PMCID: PMC9824618 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effectiveness of two biopolymer coagulants on turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal in urban wastewater. The biopolymers were produced from vegetal biomass using the mucilage extracted from Opuntia robusta cladodes, and Uncaria tomentosa leaves. Opuntia robusta is an abundant species in Mexico, which is not edible. Uncaria tomentosa is an exotic invasive species in Mexico and other countries, which negatively affects the ecosystems where it is introduced. A combined experimental design of mixture-process was selected to evaluate the effectiveness of both biopolymer coagulants regarding aluminum sulfate (conventional chemical coagulant). Results showed turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 42.3% and 69.6% for Opuntia robusta and 17.2% and 39.4% for Uncaria tomentosa biopolymer coagulant, respectively, at a dose of 200 mg/L. Furthermore, optimum conditions from the experimental design to reach the maximum turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal were obtained at an Opuntia robusta biopolymer coagulant concentration of 10 mg/L, showing removal efficiencies of 68.7 ± 1.7% and 86.1 ± 1.4%, respectively. These results support using Opuntia robusta as an alternative biopolymer coagulant in urban wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-729-6000 (ext. 83562)
| | - Gloria Itzel Valdivia Cabral
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Nahum Andrés Medellín Castillo
- Graduate Studies and Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 8, Col. Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí 78290, SLP, Mexico
| | - Verónica Ávila Vázquez
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Omar Sánchez Mata
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
| | - Jésica García Torres
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering, Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202, Cerro del Gato Ejido la Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico
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Magnetic Field Effect on Coagulation Treatment of Wastewater Using Magnetite Rice Starch and Aluminium Sulfate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010010. [PMID: 36616359 PMCID: PMC9823492 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic coagulants to reduce suspended particles from drinkable water and wastewater is prompting new issues because it poses many health and environmental risks. Hence, improving the coagulation process using sophisticated nanotechnology with a magnetic field (MF) for quick recoverability emerges as being useful. In this study, the effects of magnetite rice starch (MS) and aluminum sulfate (alum) were investigated at a constant dose (3 g or 3000 mg/L) using a Jar test (six beakers) as potential low-cost coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment. At a high magnification of 1000× and a surface pore size of 298 µm, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analyses were utilized to elucidate the morphology of the coagulants. Coagulation was performed at 150 rpm (quick mixing) for 2 min, and 30 rpm (slow mixing) for 15 min. Thereafter, samples were allowed to settle (10-60 min) with and without MF. The findings showed more than 65% contaminants removal (turbidity and TSS) and 30% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal using alum while MS showed 80% contaminants removal (turbidity and TSS) and 50% COD removal. MS showed an increase of more than 3% in contaminants removal (COD, turbidity, and TSS) when exposed to MF. As a result, the use of MS together with MF in water and wastewater treatment is anticipated as an environmentally benign and effective coagulant.
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Wang LL, Liu YM, Liu HM, Shi QS, Peng RQ, Xie XB. The role of structural evolution in the complexation and flocculation of heavy metals by the microbial product poly-γ-glutamic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136441. [PMID: 36116632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The process and mechanism of heavy metal flocculation with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by microorganisms, are crucial to their fate in natural environment, wastewater treatment and soil bioremediation applications. However, the structural features of EPS and the relationship between these features and the flocculation process and mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, structural features of the microbial product poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) complexed with the heavy metal ions Pb2+ and Cu2+ were characterized and the evolution of these features was identified as having a key role in the flocculation process and mechanism. The secondary structure of the γ-PGA-Pb complex changed significantly, while that of the γ-PGA-Cu complex was only slightly altered. The significant structural change in γ-PGA-Pb was found to be responsible for the combination of residual COOH and Pb2+, promoting the bridging of inter-colloids and faster growth of hydrodynamic diameter. If the conformation changed sufficiently, such as with the γ-PGA-Pb complex in the pH range 4.6-6.2, pH had no impact on the conversion ratio. The unchanged structure of γ-PGA-Cu prevented the flocculation process, although the coordination mode of γ-PGA-Cu resulted in a higher biosorption capacity. This in-depth molecular-level study provides insight into the γ-PGA flocculation mechanism, promoting the use of γ-PGA and γ-PGA producing microorganisms for application in various remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Ya-Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hui-Ming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Ru-Qun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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26
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Optimizing removal of chromium (VI) ions from water by coagulation process using central composite design: Effectiveness of grape seed as a green coagulant. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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27
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Effect of Magnetized Coagulants on Wastewater Treatment: Rice Starch and Chitosan Ratios Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204342. [PMID: 36297919 PMCID: PMC9611462 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation with synthetic chemicals has been used to treat a wide range of industrial effluents. Herein, the unique characteristics of industrial effluents being detrimental to the environment warrants urgent resource-efficient and eco-friendly solutions. Therefore, the study investigated the use of two magnetized coagulants (chitosan magnetite (CF) and rice starch magnetite (RF)), prepared via co-precipitation in three different ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) of natural coagulants (chitosan or rice starch) and magnetite nanoparticles (F) as alternative coagulants to alum for the treatment of wastewater. A Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyzer, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface area, crystal structure, and elemental composition of the coagulants. The influences of settling time (10–60 min) on the reduction of turbidity, color, phosphate, and absorbance were studied. This was carried out with a jar test coupled with six beakers operated under coagulation conditions of rapid stirring (150 rpm) and gentle stirring (30 rpm). Wastewater with an initial concentration of 45.6 NTU turbidity, 315 Pt. Co color, 1.18 mg/L phosphate, 352 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 73.4% absorbance was used. The RF with a ratio of 1:1 was found to be the best magnetized coagulant with over 80% contaminant removal and 90% absorbance. The treatability performance of RF (1:1) has clearly demonstrated that it is feasible for wastewater treatment.
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The Synergistic Effects of Al3+ and Chitosan on the Solid–Liquid Separation of Coal Wastewater and Their Mechanism of Action. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193970. [PMID: 36235917 PMCID: PMC9572499 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to identify an environmentally friendly and efficient flocculant that can replace polyacrylamide for the solid–liquid separation of coal wastewater. In this study, to explore whether chitosan can be used as an environmentally friendly and efficient flocculant for the solid–liquid separation of coal wastewater, AlCl3–chitosan was used to conduct flocculation–sedimentation and dewatering tests under different chitosan dosages and shear-strength conditions for the prepared coal wastewater. Focused beam reflectance was measured to dynamically monitor the number of refractory fine particles, and the settled flocs were photographed and analyzed with microscopy to explore the effect of AlCl3–chitosan on the flocculation settlement effect and floc characteristics. The synergistic mechanisms of AlCl3 and chitosan were investigated using quartz crystal dissipative microbalance and zeta potential measurement. The results showed that the addition of chitosan can significantly improve the flocculation–sedimentation and dewatering effects of coal wastewater. A reasonable dosage under a certain shear strength is conducive to the reduction of fine slime particles, which results in a compact floc structure, increases the floc size, and improves the settling effect. The synergistic effect of AlCl3–chitosan improved the electric neutralization and adsorption bridging abilities of the chitosan, and the mixed solution of AlCl3 and chitosan had stronger adsorption on the carbon surface. This study provides a new approach to the selection of flocculants for coal wastewater treatment.
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29
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Kuc J, Thomas M, Grochowalska I, Kulczyk R, Mikosz G, Mrózek F, Janik D, Korta J, Cwynar K. Determination and Removal of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Total Organic Carbon from Surface Water by Aluminum Chlorohydrate Coagulant. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175740. [PMID: 36080505 PMCID: PMC9457546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, the removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and erythromycin (ERY), fluoxetine (FLX), amoxicillin (AMO), colistin (COL), ethynylestradiol (EE), and diclofenac (DIC) from surface water by coagulation is studied. The concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in 24 surface water samples originating from some rivers located in Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Silesia Voivodeship, Poland, was determined. The removal of TOC and pharmaceuticals was carried out using the application of Design of Experiments (DOE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and by addition of aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) as a coagulant. The study found that the concentration ranges of ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC in analyzed water samples were 7.58−412.32, 1.21−72.52, 1.22−68.55, 1.28−32.01, 5.36−45.56, 2.20−182.22 ng/L, respectively. In some cases, concentrations lower than 1 ng/L were determined. In optimal conditions of coagulation process of spiked surface water (pH = 6.5 ± 0.1, ACH dose = 0.35 mL/L, Time = 30 min; R2 = 0.8799, R2adj = 0.7998), the concentration of TOC, ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC was decreased by 88.7, 36.4, 24.7, 29.0, 25.5, 35.4, 30.4%, respectively. Simultaneously, turbidity, color, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Ammonium-Nitrogen (N-NH4) were decreased by 96.2%, >98.0%, 97.8%, 70.0%, 88.7%, 37.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that ACH may be an optional reagent to remove studied pharmaceuticals from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kuc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Maciej Thomas
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Iwona Grochowalska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Rafał Kulczyk
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mikosz
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Fabian Mrózek
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Janik
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Justyna Korta
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Cwynar
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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30
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Sibiya NP, Amo-Duodu G, Tetteh EK, Rathilal S. Model prediction of coagulation by magnetised rice starch for wastewater treatment using response surface methodology (RSM) with artificial neural network (ANN). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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31
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Kurniawan SB, Imron MF, Sługocki Ł, Nowakowski K, Ahmad A, Najiya D, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Purwanti IF, Hasan HA. Assessing the effect of multiple variables on the production of bioflocculant by Serratia marcescens: Flocculating activity, kinetics, toxicity, and flocculation mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155564. [PMID: 35504385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioflocculants gain attention as alternatives to chemical flocculants because they are more environmentally friendly and highly biodegradable. This study aims to improve the bioflocculant production by Serratia marcescens using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) analysis and analyze its flocculating activity performance, toxicity, and the flocculation mechanism. The effect of multiple variables including initial inoculum size, pH, mixing speed, temperature, growth medium, and incubation period was assessed through OVAT. Flocculating activity was then determined via jar test analysis, and toxicity test was performed using Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex. The flocculation mechanism was determined via particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis. The optimum conditions for the improved bioflocculant production were as follows: 10% v/v initial inoculum size, pH 7, mixing speed of 150 rpm, room temperature, nutrient broth medium, and 72 h of incubation period. Scanning electron microscopy showed flake-like intact structure with coarse surface. The produced bioflocculant showed flocculating activity of 48% in 5227 ± 580 NTU initial kaolin turbidity with 1 mg/L concentration and 5% v/v dosage of bioflocculant, following the second-order kinetics. Toxicity test to D. magna and D. pulex showed the 48 h LC50 values of 8.06 and 6.42 g/L, respectively; these values are greatly higher than the fabricated chemical flocculants. The flocculation process using bioflocculant produced by S. marcescens was suggested to occur via bridging mechanism because it greatly affected the particle size distribution. Results indicated that bioflocculant produced by S. marcescens is much environmentally friendly and has great potential for turbidity removal in water/wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Łukasz Sługocki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-712 Szczecin, Poland; Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-715 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Nowakowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-712 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Dhuroton Najiya
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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Loke Show P. Global market and economic analysis of microalgae technology: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127329. [PMID: 35589045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been a promising alternative source of high-value compounds to replace the non-sustainable fossil fuels resource. The recent research development of algae-based bioproducts has remarkable impact various industries section for its renewability, efficiency, and environmentally friendly crops over those synthetic-made product. However, by utilizing microalgae biomass toward their full potential is still limited due to lack of research funding, social acceptability and challenges in policy implementation. This present review highlights the various microalgae biotechnology with consideration of economical aspect for the global potential of algae market, comparison between the microalgae market in Malaysia and international countries. In addition, the cultivation technologies and feasibility of microalgae biomass production globally, followed by insightful challenges and future development of microalgae industry are mentioned. The current study will contribute to the understanding of upstream and downstream of microalgae processing along with technical economical understandings for the successful commercialisation of microalgae products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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33
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Alnawajha MM, Kurniawan SB, Imron MF, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Othman AR. Plant-based coagulants/flocculants: characteristics, mechanisms, and possible utilization in treating aquaculture effluent and benefiting from the recovered nutrients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58430-58453. [PMID: 35759099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing intensification of the aquaculture industry requires the development of new strategies to reduce the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment. Plant-based coagulants/flocculants, regarded as one of the environmentally friendly technologies for wastewater treatment, show good performance in the removal of suspended solids from wastewater. The aforementioned technology involves the utilization of plants as coagulants/flocculants in the treatment process and produces nontoxic sludge as treatment by-products. The produced sludge could be converted into valuable compounds used in agriculture. This review summarizes coagulation-flocculation by using plant-based coagulants/flocculants, its mechanisms, operational factors that control the treatment process, and its application in the treatment of wastewater, especially aquaculture effluent. Moreover, this work discusses the potential utilization of aquaculture sludge as a valuable compound used in agriculture. The presented review aims to emphasize the potential of using plant-based coagulants/flocculants in the treatment of aquaculture effluent and explore the potential of using the produced sludge as fertilizer for plants to solve problems related to sludge handling and the toxicity of inorganic coagulants in a recirculating aquaculture system. This paper concluded that utilization of recovered nutrients in the form of solids is feasible for agricultural purposes, while a hydroponic system can be used to reclaim the nutrients in the form of solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammad Alnawajha
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Evaluation of a biocoagulant from devilfish invasive species for the removal of contaminants in ceramic industry wastewater. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9917. [PMID: 35705682 PMCID: PMC9200807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a biocoagulant produced from the devilfish invasive species and its combination with two chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate) to remove turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids in ceramic industry wastewater using a combined experimental design of Mixture-Process. This design optimized the coagulation process and evaluated the effects and interactions between mixture components and coagulant doses. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the experimental data obtained in the study, and the response surface plots by response type (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids) were obtained. Results showed that the coagulation treatment could be technically and economically feasible since efficiencies of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids removal of 74, 79, and 94% could be achieved using an optimal coagulant dose of 800 mg/L with a mixture of 35% biocoagulant and 65% ferric sulfate. Analysis of variance results showed that the models are significant, and the lack of fit is not required according to the probability value (p value), which were < 0.0001, and > 0.05, respectively. Hence, the experimental data were fitted to a combined reduced special cubic x linear model. These results support the use of devilfish meal as a biocoagulant, being more feasible in dual systems when mixed with ferric sulfate.
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Supplementation of ex situ produced bioflocs improves immune response against AHPND in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3751-3764. [PMID: 35562491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Vibrio diseases, including acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio spp., had resulted in heavy losses in global shrimp production. Biofloc technology is a closed aquaculture system developed as one of the sustainable solutions to increase system resilience in the shrimp industry. In this study, biofloc was formed externally (ex situ biofloc) with probiotics Bacillus sp. strain BME and Bacillus sp. strain BCE, diatom microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans, and a consortium of nitrifying bacteria, in the ratio of 1:1:6:6 as a starter. The study showed that the ex situ biofloc supplementation in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (L. vannamei) postlarvae culture can increase the shrimp culture performance (shrimp survival and growth), reduce Vibrio counts in the water and shrimp body, and provide stimulation of the shrimp immune response through humoral immune responses, such as pattern recognition protein (C-type lectin) and melanization process (proPO). Overall, the results indicate that the supplementation of ex situ biofloc provided protection to shrimp under Vibrio infection, regardless of the timing of addition (before, simultaneously, or after addition of Vibrio sp. strain VPA). This suggests that the ex situ biofloc can be effective as a preventive and a supportive treatment against potential AHPND infection in L. vannamei postlarvae culture. Taken together, the ability of the ex situ biofloc to modulate immune-related gene expression and resistance of L. vannamei against potentially AHPND-causing Vibrio sp. strain makes it an effective aquaculture technology for infectious disease control in shrimp production with high-density and minimal water exchange culture. KEY POINTS: • Supplementation of ex situ produced biofloc in shrimp postlarvae culture. • Ex situ biofloc reduces Vibrio counts in the water and shrimp body. • Ex situ biofloc stimulates shrimp humoral immune responses and survival.
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Ma X, Duan D, Chen X, Feng X, Ma Y. A polysaccharide-based bioflocculant BP50-2 from banana peel waste: Purification, structure and flocculation performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:604-614. [PMID: 35217082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the purification and characterization of a polysaccharide-based bioflocculant BP50-2 of banana peel waste were investigated. BP50-2 was purified and identified through HPLC, XPS, TG, SEM, AFM, etc. The results showed that BP50-2 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of Mannose, Rhamnose, Glucuronic acid, Galacturonic acid, Glucose, Galactose, and Fucose at a molar ratio of 8.97:5.36:1.92:1.00:32.52:8.30:2.64, respectively. The MW of BP50-2 was 1.47 × 10 3 KDa. BP50-2 had high pH stability that maintained flocculation activity on kaolin suspension for a pH range from 3 to 11, and high-temperature stability ranged from room temperature to 90 °C. BP50-2 was non-sensitive to cation and affected by HCl, EDTA, little affected by urea, which showed that the BP50-2 was non-cation dependent and its main binding mode with kaolin was ionic bond and contained a small amount of hydrogen bond. And flocculation mechanisms were discussed, which indicated that adsorption bridging was the main mechanism of the flocculation process of BP50-2-Kaolin or BP50-2-Mg2+-Kaolin. Moreover, BP50-2 had decolorization activity on RhB and removal activity of heavy metal ion, of which removal rate of Pb2+ was the highest. In brief, BP50-2 showed good performance on the removal of pigment, adsorption of heavy metals, and flocculation of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Duomo Duan
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China; Tianjin HaiYue Water Treatment Hi-Tech Co., LTD., Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuemin Feng
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China (MNR), Tianjin 300192, China
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Ahmad A, Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Hasan HA. Exploring the extraction methods for plant-based coagulants and their future approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151668. [PMID: 34793802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of plant-based coagulants in wastewater treatment has increasingly progressed in the coagulation-flocculation process toward green economy and cleaner production. Plant-based coagulants have a potential as essential substitutes for commercially used chemical coagulants because of their natural characteristics and biodegradability. Chemical coagulants leave residues in treated water and generated sludge, which cause harm to human health and the ecosystem. Thus, the exploration of plant-based coagulants in wastewater treatment could reduce and eliminate the potential damage of chemical coagulants and promote the alternative approach for sustainable environment. The general processing steps of the end-to-end plant-based coagulant production, which includes primary, secondary, and tertiary stages, are discussed. However, this review focuses more on the extraction process using different solutions and compares the performance of different coagulants in removal activities after effluent treatment. Discussion on the arising challenges is elaborated, and approaches for plant-based coagulant research in the near future are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nasir AM, Adam MR, Mohamad Kamal SNEA, Jaafar J, Othman MHD, Ismail AF, Aziz F, Yusof N, Bilad MR, Mohamud R, A Rahman M, Wan Salleh WN. A review of the potential of conventional and advanced membrane technology in the removal of pathogens from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022; 286:120454. [PMID: 35035270 PMCID: PMC8741333 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of pathogenic contaminated water has claimed the lives of many people. Hence, this scenario has emphasized the urgent need for research methods to avoid, treat and eliminate harmful pathogens in wastewater. Therefore, effective water treatment has become a matter of utmost importance. Membrane technology offers purer, cleaner, and pathogen-free water through the water separation method via a permeable membrane. Advanced membrane technology such as nanocomposite membrane, membrane distillation, membrane bioreactor, and photocatalytic membrane reactor can offer synergistic effects in removing pathogen through the integration of additional functionality and filtration in a single chamber. This paper also comprehensively discussed the application, challenges, and future perspective of the advanced membrane technology as a promising alternative in battling pathogenic microbial contaminants, which will also be beneficial and valuable in managing pandemics in the future as well as protecting human health and the environment. In addition, the potential of membrane technology in battling the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atikah Mohd Nasir
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridhwan Adam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Aziz
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA), Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus,Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mukhlis A Rahman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norhayati Wan Salleh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Abstract
The development of wastewater treatment industry has gradually entered the high-standard period and the wastewater treatment technology needs to be refined for different types of wastewater. Traditional water quality indicators are not able to explain new problems encountered in the current wastewater treatment process, especially the potential of removing pollutants via biological methods. This research proposed a new method of evaluating the biological treatment process by measuring the oxygen consumption in the biodegradation of pollutants on-the-go and describing the complete biological oxygen consumption process. The biodegradability of wastewater from an actual textile wastewater treatment plant was quantitatively evaluated by analyzing the proportion of different organic pollutions. Results showed that the hydrolytic acidification can improve the biodegradability of textile wastewater by increasing the content of biodegradable organic matter (growth of 86.4%), and air flotation has little effect on the biodegradability of the wastewater. Moreover, the biodegradability of the textile wastewater could be improved by increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus content, which could come from urea and K2HPO4. Concretely, nitrogen source mainly increases organic matter of rapid bio-treated and organic matter of easy bio-treated by 14.94% and 70.79%, and phosphorus source mainly increases the organic matter of easy bio-treated by 143.75%. We found that the optimum concentration of additional N and P to the textile wastewater was 35 mg/L and 45 mg/L, respectively. This approach holds great application prospects such as risk control, optimizing treatment technology, and management, due to its characteristics of being simple, easy to use, and rapid online implement action.
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Rahim F, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Kurniawan SB, Mamat A, Yusof KA, Ambak KI. A feasibility study for the treatment of 1,2-dichloroethane-contaminated groundwater using reedbed system and assessment of its natural attenuation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152799. [PMID: 34982990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A reedbed system planted with Phragmites australis was implemented to treat chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater in an industrial plant area. Reedbed commissioning was conducted from July 2016 to November 2016 to treat contaminated groundwater via a pump-and-treat mechanism. Combination of horizontal and vertical reedbed systems was applied to treat 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2 DCA) under four parallel installations. The 2-acre horizontal and vertical reedbed systems were designed to treat approximately 305 m3/day of pumped groundwater. Initial concentration of 1,2 DCA was observed at 0.362 mg/L to 4320 mg/L, and the reedbed system successfully reduced the concentration up to 67.9%. The average outlet concentration was measured to be 2.08 mg/L, which was lower than the site-specific target level of 156 mg/L. Natural attenuation analysis was conducted using first-order decay kinetics, showing an average natural attenuation rate of 0.00372/year. Natural attenuation of 1,2 DCA was observed in shallow monitoring wells, which was indicated by the reduction trend of 1,2 DCA concentration, thereby confirming that the reedbed system worked well to remove 1.2 DCA from contaminated groundwater at the shallow profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Rahim
- Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology CESPRO, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Alias Mamat
- Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Arifin Yusof
- Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairil Irwan Ambak
- Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmad A, Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Hasan HA. Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquaculture effluent: Insight into breeding and rearing activities, alarming impacts, regulations, performance of wastewater treatment unit and future approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133319. [PMID: 34922971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of aquaculture products and effluents by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from the direct chemical use in aquaculture activities or surrounding industries is currently an issue of increasing concern as these CECs exert acute and chronic effects on living organisms. CECs have been detected in aquaculture water, sediment, and culture species, and antibiotics, antifoulants, and disinfectants are the commonly detected groups. Through accumulation, CECs can reside in the tissue of aquaculture products and eventually consumed by humans. Currently, effluents containing CECs are discharged to the surrounding environment while producing sediments that eventually contaminate rivers as receiving bodies. The rearing (grow-out) stages of aquaculture activities are issues regarding CECs-contamination in aquaculture covering water, sediment, and aquaculture products. Proper regulations should be imposed on all aquaculturists to control chemical usage and ensure compliance to guidelines for appropriate effluent treatment. Several techniques for treating aquaculture effluents contaminated by CECs have been explored, including adsorption, wetland construction, photocatalysis, filtration, sludge activation, and sedimentation. The challenges imposed by CECs on aquaculture activities are discussed for the purpose of obtaining insights into current issues and providing future approaches for resolving associated problems. Stakeholders, such as researchers focusing on environment and aquaculture, are expected to benefit from the presented results in this article. In addition, the results may be useful in establishing aquaculture-related CECs regulations, assessing toxicity to living biota, and preventing pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Responses of Coagulant Type, Dosage and Process Conditions to Phosphate Removal Efficiency from Anaerobic Sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031693. [PMID: 35162716 PMCID: PMC8835144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus, a crucial component of life, may cause eutrophication if it is discharged untreated into the aquatic ecosystem. Phosphate (PO43-) may exist at an elevated level in anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents and can lead to the clogging of pipes by forming struvite crystals. This study was conducted to assess the responses of coagulant type, dosage and process conditions to phosphate removal efficiency from anaerobic sludge. The experiments were performed in two steps. First, a sensitivity test was conducted to compare five coagulant types (alum, poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), FeCl2, FeCl3 and PAC + FeCl3) at standard coagulation conditions. The results showed that PAC would be the best coagulant among the tested, while a combination of PAC and FeCl3 may be beneficial under circumstances. Second, an optimization study was performed for PAC using response surface methodology employing central composite design. Among the three independent variables (coagulant dosage, slow mixing duration and agitation speed), the dosage was the sole significant variable for phosphate removal efficiency, while the other two had limited effects. A future study to optimize the rapid mixing conditions would give additional insights into the process. The results of this study may be useful to design a process to counteract phosphate discharges from AD plants, as well as to reduce the risks of pipe clogging and maintenance problems due to crystalline struvite formation in the later stage of AD.
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Igwegbe CA, Obiora-Okafo IA, Iwuozor KO, Ghosh S, Kurniawan SB, Rangabhashiyam S, Kanaoujiya R, Ighalo JO. Treatment technologies for bakers' yeast production wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11004-11026. [PMID: 35001268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Researchers in recent years have utilized a broad spectrum of treatment technologies in treating bakers' yeast production wastewater. This paper aims to review the treatment technologies for the wastewater, compare the process technologies, discuss recent innovations, and propose future perspectives in the research area. The review observed that nanofiltration was the most effective membrane process for the treatment of the effluent (at >95% pollutant rejection). Other separation processes like adsorption and distillation had technical challenges of desorption, a poor fit for high pollutant load and cost limitations. Chemical treatment processes have varying levels of success but they are expensive and produce toxic sludge. Sludge production would be a hurdle when product recovery and reuse are targeted. It is difficult to make an outright choice of the best process for treating the effluent because each has its merits and demerits and an appropriate choice can be made when all factors are duly considered. The process intensification of the industrial-scale production of the bakers' yeast process will be a very direct approach, where the process optimisation, zero effluent discharge, and enhanced recovery of value-added product from the waste streams are important approaches that need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B, Awka, 5025, Nigeria.
| | | | - Kingsley O Iwuozor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B, Awka, 5025, Nigeria
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- , Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
| | - Rahul Kanaoujiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B, Awka, 5025, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B, Ilorin, 1515, Nigeria.
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Kurniawan SB, Imron MF, Chik CENCE, Owodunni AA, Ahmad A, Alnawajha MM, Rahim NFM, Said NSM, Abdullah SRS, Kasan NA, Ismail S, Othman AR, Hasan HA. What compound inside biocoagulants/bioflocculants is contributing the most to the coagulation and flocculation processes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150902. [PMID: 34653447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocoagulants and bioflocculants are alternative items that can be used to substitute the utilization of common-chemical coagulants and flocculants. Biocoagulants/bioflocculants can be extracted from animals, microorganisms, and plants. Moreover, biocoagulants/bioflocculants have specific characteristics that contribute to the coagulation and flocculation processes. The active compounds inside biocoagulants/bioflocculants vary and correspond to the specific working mechanisms, including charge neutralization, sweep coagulation, adsorption, bridging, and patch flocculation. This review paper summarizes the characteristics of biocoagulants/bioflocculants from different sources and its performance in treating various pollutants. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most contributing compounds and functional groups of biocoagulants/bioflocculants that can be related to their working mechanisms. Several functional groups and compounds in biocoagulants/bioflocculants are highlighted in this review article, as well as the correlation between the highlighted groups/compounds to the aforementioned coagulation-flocculation mechanisms. In addition, current knowledge gaps in the study of biocoagulants/bioflocculants and future approaches that may serve as research directions are also emphasized. This review article is expected to shed information on the characteristics of biocoagulants/bioflocculants, which may then become a focus in the optimization to obtain higher performance in future application of coagulation-flocculation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | | | - Amina Adedoja Owodunni
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mohammad Alnawajha
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Mohd Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suzylawati Ismail
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.
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Ahmad A, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Ismail N'I. Potential of local plant leaves as natural coagulant for turbidity removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2579-2587. [PMID: 34374006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The performance of local plants was tested using synthetic turbid water resembling real wastewater by measuring their ability to remove turbidity. The selected plants were A. indica, S. palustris, D. linearis, S. polyanthum, M. esculenta, P. sarmentosum, and M. malabathricum which can easily be found locally. The experiment was run based on coagulant dosages varied from 0 to 10 g/L for each plant with a rapid mixing speed at 180 rpm for 3 min, slow mixing speed at 10 rpm for 20 min, and settling time for 30 min. The results demonstrated that each plant has been capable of reducing turbidity by different amounts, with an increase in the coagulant dosage. The optimum coagulant dosages achieved for A. indica, S. palustris, S. polyanthum, and D. linearis were 10 g/L with turbidity removal at 26.9%, 24.9%, 24.9%, and 17.5%, respectively. P. sarmentosum and M. esculenta attained optimum coagulant dosages at 5 g/L with turbidity removal at 24.2% and 22.2%, and lastly M. malabathricum at 0.1 g/L (12.2%). P. sarmentosum was suggested to the best natural coagulant which achieved the highest removal of turbidity with a low dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur 'Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yan W, Xu H, Lu D, Zhou Y. Effects of sludge thermal hydrolysis pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and downstream processes: mechanism, challenges and solutions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126248. [PMID: 34743996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP), as a step prior to sludge anaerobic digestion (AD), is widely applied due to its effectiveness in enhancing organic solids hydrolysis and subsequent biogas productivity. However, THP also induces a series of problems including formation of refractory compounds in THP cylinder, high residual ammonia and organic in the AD centrate, inhibition on downstream nitrogen removal process and reduction in UV-disinfection effectiveness during post-treatment. More attention should be paid on how to mitigate these negative effects. Despite intensive studies were carried out to reduce refractory compounds formation and enhance biological performance, there is limited effort to discuss the solutions to tackle the THP associated problems in a holistic manner. This paper summarizes the solutions developed to date and analyzes their technology readiness to assess application potential in full-scale settings. The content highlights the limitations of THP and proposes potential solutions to address the technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Hui Xu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Dan Lu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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Kurniawan SB, Ahmad A, Said NSM, Imron MF, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Purwanti IF, Hasan HA. Macrophytes as wastewater treatment agents: Nutrient uptake and potential of produced biomass utilization toward circular economy initiatives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148219. [PMID: 34380263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophytes have been widely used as agents in wastewater treatment. The involvement of plants in wastewater treatment cannot be separated from wetland utilization. As one of the green technologies in wastewater treatment plants, wetland exhibits a great performance, especially in removing nutrients from wastewater before the final discharge. It involves the use of plants and consequently produces plant biomasses as treatment byproducts. The produced plant biomasses can be utilized or converted into several valuable compounds, but related information is still limited and scattered. This review summarizes wastewater's nutrient content (macro and micronutrient) that can support plant growth and the performance of constructed wetland (CW) in performing nutrient uptake by using macrophytes as treatment agents. This paper further discusses the potential of the utilization of the produced plant biomasses as bioenergy production materials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel. This paper also highlights the conversion of plant biomasses into animal feed, biochar, adsorbent, and fertilizer, which may support clean production and circular economy efforts. The presented review aims to emphasize and explore the utilization of plant biomasses and their conversion into valuable products, which may solve problems related to plant biomass handling during the adoption of CW in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Khairul Zaman N, Rohani R, Izni Yusoff I, Kamsol MA, Basiron SA, Abd. Rashid AI. Eco-Friendly Coagulant versus Industrially Used Coagulants: Identification of Their Coagulation Performance, Mechanism and Optimization in Water Treatment Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9164. [PMID: 34501755 PMCID: PMC8430898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of complex organic and inorganic coagulant's performances and their relationships could compromise the surface water treatment process time and its efficiency. In this work, process optimization was investigated by comparing an eco-friendly chitosan with the industrially used coagulants namely aluminum sulfate (alum), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) in compliance with national drinking water standards. To treat various water samples from different treatment plants with turbidity and pH ranges from 20-826.3 NTU and 5.21-6.80, respectively, 5-20 mg/L coagulant dosages were varied in the presence of aluminum, ferum, and manganese. Among all, 10 mg/L of the respective ACH and chitosan demonstrated 97% and 99% turbidity removal in addition to the removal of the metals that complies with the referred standard. However, chitosan owes fewer sensitive responses (turbidity and residual metal) with the change in its input factors (dosage and pH), especially in acidic conditions. This finding suggested its beneficial role to be used under the non-critical dosage monitoring. Meanwhile, ACH was found to perform better than chitosan only at pH > 7.4 with half dosage required. In summary, chitosan and ACH could perform equally at a different set of optimum conditions. This optimization study offers precise selections of coagulants for a practical water treatment operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Khairul Zaman
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.Z.); (I.I.Y.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Rosiah Rohani
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.Z.); (I.I.Y.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.B.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Izzati Izni Yusoff
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.Z.); (I.I.Y.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Muhammad Azraei Kamsol
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.Z.); (I.I.Y.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Siti Aishah Basiron
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.Z.); (I.I.Y.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.B.)
- Makmal Pusat, Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad, Jalan Padang Keladi, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
| | - Aina Izzati Abd. Rashid
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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Figueiredo CCD, Reis ADSPJ, Araujo ASD, Blum LEB, Shah K, Paz-Ferreiro J. Assessing the potential of sewage sludge-derived biochar as a novel phosphorus fertilizer: Influence of extractant solutions and pyrolysis temperatures. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:144-153. [PMID: 33621758 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSB) is a phosphorus (P) source with potential to replace soluble P fertilizers. However, SSB presents a diversity of P compounds, mainly in mineral forms with different degrees of chemical stability. This hinders the prediction of P bioavailability. In the present study we evaluated P solubility and bioavailability using different chemical extractants. Additionally, the relationships between extractable P and physicochemical properties were evaluated for SSB obtained over a wide range of temperatures (200 °C; 300 °C; 500 °C and 600 °C). Available phosphorus content was extracted using 2% citric acid (P-CA), neutral ammonium citrate + water (P-NAC) and Mehlich 1 solution (0.0125 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 0.050 mol L-1 HCl). Physicochemical properties and extractable P were strongly affected by pyrolysis temperature. Higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in increased pH, BET surface area, pore volume, ash, fixed carbon, Ca, Mg and Zn contents, as well as formation of stable Ca minerals (calcite and oxalate). The total P content increased with pyrolysis temperature (≥300 °C). Nevertheless, the solubility of biochar-P in the extractants presented different trends with temperature. The P-NAC content reached a maximum (79% of TP) at 300 °C and then declined at higher temperatures. Only at 600 °C P-CA and available P were affected by the temperature, where the P-CA increased and available P decreased. Therefore, it is recommended that the P solubility in different extractants should be considered when using SSB as an alternative to inorganic P fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyson Silva de Araujo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Kalpit Shah
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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