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Sonmez AI, Garcia JQ, Thitiseranee L, Blacker CJ, Lewis CP. Scoping Review: Transdiagnostic Measurement of Impulsivity Domains in Youth Using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00142-4. [PMID: 38552900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations, to review the psychometric and validity data of UPPS, and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth. METHOD PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from January 1, 2001 (original UPPS publication) through October 2, 2022, according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion by 2 authors. Original research articles in English using any UPPS version or subscale in persons aged ≤21 years were included. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 45 articles, with low bias and moderate-to-high quality. Most were cross-sectional studies; studies investigated diverse community and clinical samples. The UPPS demonstrated consistent factor structure, good reliability, and good external validity with other measures of impulsive behaviors and conditions associated with impaired impulse control. Some studies observed differences in UPPS domain scores between sex/gender groups or differential patterns in relationships between UPPS domains and clinical variables. UPPS subscale scores often differed in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorders, substance use, and excess weight/obesity compared with control youth. UPPS domains commonly had interactions with sex/gender, sociodemographic, and diagnosis-related variables. CONCLUSION The current literature suggests that the UPPS has utility in measuring distinct components of impulsivity in clinical and nonclinical populations of youth. Specificity in discriminating diagnostic groups and predicting risk currently remains uncertain. Further research is needed to integrate UPPS measures with experimental models and additional neurobiological methods and to assess longitudinal developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caren J Blacker
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Charles P Lewis
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Privara M, Bob P. Sexual development in ADHD and internet pornography consumption. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1240222. [PMID: 37614646 PMCID: PMC10442643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of sexual identity during adolescence is a major process of transition in individual life which in cases of ADHD specifically interacts with other ontogenetic, pathological and psychosocial conditions. According to recent findings growing consumption of internet pornography mainly in male ADHD population is closely related to compulsive sexual behavior and hypersexuality. Recent findings also indicate that consumption of internet pornography in ADHD individuals and other sexual activities may serve as a mood-altering "self-medication" which may help to cope with stressful events and decrease depression and anxiety. Taken together recent findings indicate that internet pornography consumption mainly in ADHD individuals is closely related to stressful experiences, anxiety, depression and identity problems in partnerships which significantly increase their vulnerability to the so-called "problematic pornography use" and other forms of addictive sexual behavior. From this developmental perspective "problematic pornography use" in ADHD individuals represents significant epidemiological problem which requires further research mainly with focus on clinical diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Bob
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Xie T, Schweren LJS, Larsson H, Li L, Du Rietz E, Haavik J, Grimstvedt Kvalvik L, Solberg BS, Klungsøyr K, Snieder H, Hartman CA. Do Poor Diet and Lifestyle Behaviors Modify the Genetic Susceptibility to Impulsivity in the General Population? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071625. [PMID: 37049467 PMCID: PMC10096670 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether an unhealthy diet and other lifestyle behaviors may modify the genetic susceptibility to impulsivity. A total of 33,047 participants (mean age = 42.1 years, 59.8% females) from the Dutch Lifelines cohort were included. Each diet index and other lifestyle behaviors were tested for their interactions on the effect on the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) polygenic risk score (PRS) on impulsivity using a linear regression model with adjustment for covariates. The ADHD PRS was significantly associated with impulsivity (B = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.04); p = 2.61 × 10−9). A poorer diet, a higher intake of energy, and a higher intake of fat were all associated with higher impulsivity, and a high intake of energy amplified the effect of ADHD PRS on impulsivity (e.g., for the interaction term of ADHD PRS and highest tertile on intake of energy, B = 0.038 (95% CI: 0.014, 0.062); p = 0.002. The other lifestyle factors, namely short and long sleep duration, current and past smoking, higher alcohol intake, and more time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with higher impulsivity, but no interaction effect was observed. In conclusion, we found that a high intake of energy exacerbated the genetic susceptibility to impulsivity. Our study helps to improve our understanding of the role of diet and genetic factors on impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Lizanne J. S. Schweren
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70172 Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5012 Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Grimstvedt Kvalvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Berit Skretting Solberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Child- and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Unit, Hospital Betanien, 5143 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Valdez A, Smith KE, Mason TB. Impulsivity and reward sensitivity facets as predictors of weight change in children: Differences by binge-eating disorder diagnostic status. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12987. [PMID: 36262017 PMCID: PMC9851974 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and reward sensitivity are personality traits associated with obesity and binge-eating disorder (BED), but little research has examined prospective associations between these traits and body mass index z-score (BMI-z) differentially for children with and without BED. OBJECTIVE Using data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, the present analysis examined predictive associations between impulsivity and reward sensitivity facets with BMI-z 1 year later in children with versus without BED. METHODS Nine-to-ten-year-old children were recruited across the United States and completed self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews at baseline, and height and weight were taken at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Multivariable models were run with baseline impulsivity and reward sensitivity facets predicting 1-year BMI-z in children with versus without BED. RESULTS Reward sensitivity and impulsivity were unrelated to BMI-z at follow-up in children without BED. Greater negative urgency (i.e., proclivity to act rashly without forethought in response to negative emotions) and lower positive urgency (i.e., proclivity to act rashly without forethought due to positive emotions) predicted increased BMI-z at 1-year follow-up in children with BED subsample. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the importance of developing theoretical models and interventions for obesity prevention in children with BED that address emotional impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Valdez
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Tyler B. Mason, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032,
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Najjar LZ, Leasure JL, Henderson CE, Francis DJ, Neighbors C. Subjective and Behavioral Impulsivity Differentially Moderate Within- and Between-Person Associations Between Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:137-146. [PMID: 36799684 PMCID: PMC9948142 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence indicates a counterintuitive positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol consumption, suggesting that people who engage in more physical activity consume more alcohol. Impulsivity, which has a well-documented role in alcohol use disorders, has been shown to moderate the between-person physical activity-drinking association among emerging adults. However, only a handful of studies have explored within-person associations of physical activity and drinking and potential moderators of this relationship. The current study evaluated the effects of both subjective and behavioral impulsivity on the within- and between-person association between physical activity and alcohol consumption among college students. METHOD Undergraduate students (N = 250) between ages 18 and 25 years were asked to report their daily physical activity and drinking over 21 days. Physical activity was also recorded objectively through Pacer, a smartphone app. Subjective impulsivity was assessed using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and behavioral impulsivity was evaluated using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. RESULTS Within- and between-subject physical activity-drinking associations were differentially moderated by behavioral impulsivity and self-reported impulsivity. For instance, behavioral impulsivity moderated the within-person association between drinking and self-reported vigorous physical activity, whereas negative urgency moderated the between-person association between drinking and objective physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity, whether measured subjectively or behaviorally, significantly moderates the physical activity-alcohol consumption association. Importantly, this effect operates differently when predicting variation in behavior within individuals as compared with predicting differences in behavior between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laian Z. Najjar
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - J. Leigh Leasure
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig E. Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Jiang X, Bőthe B. Investigating the Associations of ADHD Symptoms, Impulsivity, Physical Exercise, and Problematic Pornography Use in a Chinese Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15221. [PMID: 36429937 PMCID: PMC9691194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and impulsivity will benefit our understanding of the concept of problematic pornography use (PPU), and revealing predisposing and malleable moderators of PPU will be beneficial for its prevention and intervention. The current study not only aimed to observe these relationships, but also explored the potential moderating role of physical exercise in the general population. A total of 600 Chinese adults (Mage = 32.31, SDage = 12.40, 39.8% women) were recruited and completed an online survey. The results showed that participants with regular exercise scored lower than those without exercise on ADHD, impulsivity, and PPU (all ps < 0.001). Using latent moderated structural equations (LMS), the findings revealed that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and PPU was mediated by impulsivity, and physical exercise moderated this relationship (B = -0.14, p = 0.048). Specifically, when individuals' physical exercise was higher than 0.84 standard deviations above the mean, the positive predictive effect of impulsivity on PPU was not significant. These findings indicate the important role of impulsivity in the relationship between ADHD and PPU, and physical exercise could be a meaningful component of interventions among individuals experiencing PPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaoliu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Galbraith MK, DeWolfe CEJ, Bartel S, Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Stewart SH. Do anxiety sensitivity and impulsivity interact in predicting exercise involvement in emerging adult drinkers and cannabis users? Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 51:243-256. [PMID: 35080192 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1998211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS; i.e. fear of arousal-related sensations) and impulsivity (i.e. tendency to act quickly without regard for longer-term consequences) represent risks for low physical activity participation. Theoretically, higher impulsivity may exacerbate the negative exercise behaviours of high AS individuals given the tendency of impulsive individuals to favour immediate (e.g. watching TV) over delayed rewards (e.g. the benefits of exercise). Our goal was to investigate the main and interactive effects of AS and impulsivity on physical activity levels at varying exercise intensities. Participants were 178 emerging adults (Mean age = 21.9; 68.8% women). Higher AS was associated with less engagement in vigorous intensity exercise. Moderator analyses revealed an AS x impulsivity interaction: high AS predicted significantly less engagement in moderate intensity exercise at low impulsivity levels and marginally more engagement in moderate intensity exercise at high impulsivity levels. Finally, higher impulsivity was associated with more time spent walking. Cognitive behavioural therapy for high AS, or teaching individuals with high AS to focus on immediate, external rewards of exercise, may help them engage in more physical activity. Given the wide-ranging physical and mental health benefits of exercise involvement, developing effective strategies to increase such involvement in high AS individuals is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Galbraith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Sara Bartel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janine V Olthuis
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Margo C Watt
- Department of Psychology, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Do S, Coumans JMJ, Börnhorst C, Pohlabeln H, Reisch LA, Danner UN, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Molnár D, Hunsberger M, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being, Stressful Life Events and Emotion-Driven Impulsiveness in European Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:1106-1117. [PMID: 34751911 PMCID: PMC9090687 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the extent to which mental well-being and stressful life events during adolescence contribute to personality characteristics related to risk-taking behaviors, such as emotion-driven impulsiveness, is highly relevant for the development of health promotion measures. This study examined whether psychosocial well-being and different stressful life events are associated with emotion-driven impulsiveness. In total, 3,031 adolescents (52% girls; Mage = 13.6 years) were included from the I. Family Study, a cross-sectional examination on lifestyle-related behaviors conducted across eight European countries in 2013/14. Linear mixed-effects regression models showed that higher psychosocial well-being was associated with lower emotion-driven impulsiveness independent of socio-demographic, health-related, and parental variables. A higher number of stressful life events was associated with higher emotion-driven impulsiveness. Psychosocial well-being and stressful life events need to be further considered in the development and tailoring of health promotion strategies that aim to reduce emotion-driven impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Do
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juul M J Coumans
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Copenhagen Business School, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Wenshoek 4, 3705 WE, Zeist, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child health, REF, 138, Limassol Avenue, 2015, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, József A. u. 7, 7623, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- University of Gothenburg, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Box 453, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, ingang 42 - verdieping 5, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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