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Molecular and Structural Analysis of Specific Mutations from Saudi Isolates of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase and their Implications on Protein Structure and Drug-Protein Binding. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196475. [PMID: 36235011 PMCID: PMC9573158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has stressed the global health system to a significant level, which has not only resulted in high morbidity and mortality but also poses a threat for future pandemics. This situation warrants efforts to develop novel therapeutics to manage SARS-CoV-2 in specific and other emerging viruses in general. This study focuses on SARS-CoV2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) mutations collected from Saudi Arabia and their impact on protein structure and function. The Saudi SARS-CoV-2 RdRp sequences were compared with the reference Wuhan, China RdRp using a variety of computational and biophysics-based approaches. The results revealed that three mutations-A97V, P323I and Y606C-may affect protein stability, and hence the relationship of protein structure to function. The apo wild RdRp is more dynamically stable with compact secondary structure elements compared to the mutants. Further, the wild type showed stable conformational dynamics and interaction network to remdesivir. The net binding energy of wild-type RdRp with remdesivir is -50.76 kcal/mol, which is more stable than the mutants. The findings of the current study might deliver useful information regarding therapeutic development against the mutant RdRp, which may further furnish our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology.
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants Identification: Overview of Molecular Existing Methods. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091058. [PMID: 36145490 PMCID: PMC9504725 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic the Real Time sharing of genome sequences of circulating virus supported the diagnostics and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and its transmission dynamics. SARS-CoV-2 straightaway showed its tendency to mutate and adapt to the host, culminating in the emergence of variants; so it immediately became of crucial importance to be able to detect them quickly but also to be able to monitor in depth the changes on the whole genome to early identify the new possibly emerging variants. In this scenario, this manuscript aims to provide an overview of the existing methods for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants (from rapid method based on identification of one or more specific mutations to Whole Genome sequencing approach-WGS), taking into account limitations, advantages and applications of them in the field of diagnosis and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
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Tufek M, Capraz M, Kaya AT, Aydin N, Nalcacioglu P. Retrobulbar Ocular Blood Flow and Choroidal Vascular Changes in Patients Recovering from COVID-19 Infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102976. [PMID: 35724935 PMCID: PMC9212774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the effects of COVID-19 infection on the ocular vascular structure including choroidal thickness and retrobulbar blood flow values in comparison with healthy subjects. Methods Ninety eyes of 90 patients were included in this study. Participants were divided into Group 1 (n = 30) with mild COVID-19 infection, Group 2 (n = 31) with moderate disease, and Group 3 with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (n = 29). Choroidal thickness was measured at the subfoveal area and at 500-µm intervals nasal and temporal to the fovea up to a distance of 1500 µm, using the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique of spectral coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) values of the central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were evaluated with color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU). Results The choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in Group 1 and Group 2 than in Group 3 at all measurement points (p <0.001). This difference was not present between Group 1 and Group 2 who had COVID-19 disease of different severity (p>0.05).Among the retrobulbar blood flow parameters, OA PSV value was significantly lower in Group 1 and Group 2 compared to Group 3 (p = 0.025, p = 0.016, respectively). However, the CRA PSV and EDV and OA EDV values, and the CRA and OA PI and RI values were not statistically different between the groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion COVID-19 infection may predispose patients to ocular vascular pathologies by affecting both choroidal and retrobulbar blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Tufek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amasya University, Sabuncuoglu Serafeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Capraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amasya University, Sabuncuoglu Serafeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turan Kaya
- Department of Radiology, Amasya University, Sabuncuoglu Serafeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Nihat Aydin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amasya University, Sabuncuoglu Serafeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Pinar Nalcacioglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Naman ZT, Kadhim S, Al-Isawi ZJK, Butch CJ, Muhseen ZT. Computational Investigations of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Compounds against the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2 to Rescue the Host Immune System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060741. [PMID: 35745660 PMCID: PMC9227372 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrodomain-I of the NSP3 (non-structural protein 3) is responsible for immune response hijacking in the SARS-CoV-2 infection known as COVID-19. In the omicron variant (B.1.1.529), this domain harbors a new mutation, V1069I, which may increase the binding of ADPr and consequently the infection severity. This macrodomain-I, due to its significant role in infection, is deemed to be an important drug target. Hence, using structural bioinformatics and molecular simulation approaches, we performed a virtual screening of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) database for potential anti-viral drugs. The screening of 57,000 compounds yielded the 10 best compounds with docking scores better than the control ADPr. Among the top ten, the best three hits—TCM42798, with a docking score of −13.70 kcal/mol, TCM47007 of −13.25 kcal/mol, and TCM30675 of −12.49 kcal/mol—were chosen as the best hits. Structural dynamic features were explored including stability, compactness, flexibility, and hydrogen bonding, further demonstrating the anti-viral potential of these hits. Using the MM/GBSA approach, the total binding free energy for each complex was reported to be −69.78 kcal/mol, −50.11 kcal/mol, and −47.64 kcal/mol, respectively, which consequently reflect the stronger binding and inhibitory potential of these compounds. These agents might suppress NSP3 directly, allowing the host immune system to recuperate. The current study lays the groundwork for the development of new drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Tareq Naman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Ma’Moon University College, Aladhamia, Baghdad 72029, Iraq;
| | - Salim Kadhim
- College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 61001, Iraq;
| | - Zahraa J. K. Al-Isawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf 61001, Iraq;
| | - Christopher J. Butch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.B.); (Z.T.M.)
| | - Ziyad Tariq Muhseen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (C.J.B.); (Z.T.M.)
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Shahid I. nSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Pandemic: From Emergence to Vaccination. DR. SULAIMAN AL HABIB MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [PMCID: PMC9083482 DOI: 10.1007/s44229-022-00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first emergence in Wuhan, China, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (nSARS-CoV-2)-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has alarmingly disrupted the world’s healthcare systems and evolved as a major public health threat around the globe. Despite the advent and emergency use listing (EUL) of mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines to prevent the further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the pandemic burden is still significant worldwide as new cases are being reported daily. It is the first time in vaccine history that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been rapidly designed, developed, and clinically evaluated and surprisingly, they have worked better than clinical trial data predicted. However, this EUL of vaccines prior to full approvals stems from the perception of inadequate testing and experience with benefit–risk balance. Similarly, the emergence of superspreader SARS-CoV-2 mutant virus strains at the end of 2020 has also raised concerns about the efficacies of approved vaccines in real-world clinical scenarios. The inconclusive, murky, and anecdotal reports about vaccine hesitancy, antibody-dependent enhancement of disease risk in vaccine injectors, and certain severe adverse events have also frightened a large segment of the world’s population, preventing them from receiving the vaccine. This review presents an overview of the remarkable efforts rendered by different vaccine producers to combat the pandemic, explains the challenges of vaccine safety and efficacies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and explores their potential roles in eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
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Puchalski M, Kamińska H, Bartoszek M, Brzewski M, Werner B. COVID-19-Vaccination-Induced Myocarditis in Teenagers: Case Series with Further Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063456. [PMID: 35329143 PMCID: PMC8954790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the whole globe is struggling the tough challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination remains the most effective and safe COVID-19 weapon for adults and in the paediatric population. Aside from possible mild and moderate post-vaccination side effects, more severe side effects may occur. We retrospectively analysed a group of 5 teenagers aged from 15 to 17 years with obesity/overweight (BMI ranging from 24.8 to 30) who presented typical myocarditis symptoms following the first or second dose (3 and 2 patients, respectively) of the COVID-19 vaccine. In the whole study group, a significant increase in troponin serum concentration was observed (1674–37,279.6 ng/L) with a further quick reduction within 3–4 days. In all patients, ST segments elevation or depression with repolarisation time abnormalities in electrocardiography were noticed. Chest X-ray results were within normal limits. Echocardiography showed normal left ventricular diameter (47–56.2 mm) with ejection fraction between 61–72%. All patients were diagnosed with myocarditis based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. During further hospitalisation, swift clinical improvement was notable. Follow-up in the whole study group was obtained after 106–134 days from initial CMR, revealing no myocarditis symptoms, proper troponin level, and no ECG or echocardiographic abnormalities. At the same time, persistent myocardium injury features were detected in the whole study group, including ongoing myocarditis. COVID-19-vaccine-induced myocarditis seems to be a mild disease with fast clinical recovery, but the complete resolution of the inflammatory process may last over 3 months. Further follow-up and investigation for assessing subsequent implications and long-term COVID-19-vaccine-induced myocarditis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Puchalski
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Halszka Kamińska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Marta Bartoszek
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Michał Brzewski
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Lin SF, Lin HA, Chuang HC, Tsai HW, Kuo N, Chen SC, Hou SK. Fever, Tachypnea, and Monocyte Distribution Width Predicts Length of Stay for Patients with COVID-19: A Pioneer Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030449. [PMID: 35330449 PMCID: PMC8953796 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our study investigated whether monocyte distribution width (MDW) could be used in emergency department (ED) settings as a predictor of prolonged length of stay (LOS) for patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted; patients presenting to the ED of an academic hospital with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) for predictors of an LOS of >14 days. A validation study for the association between MDW and cycle of threshold (Ct) value was performed. (3) Results: Fever > 38 °C (OR: 2.82, 95% CI, 1.13−7.02, p = 0.0259), tachypnea (OR: 4.76, 95% CI, 1.67−13.55, p = 0.0034), and MDW ≥ 21 (OR: 5.67, 95% CI, 1.19−27.10, p = 0.0269) were robust significant predictors of an LOS of >14 days. We developed a new scoring system in which patients were assigned 1 point for fever > 38 °C, 2 points for tachypnea > 20 breath/min, and 3 points for MDW ≥ 21. The optimal cutoff was a score of ≥2. MDW was negatively associated with Ct value (β: −0.32 per day, standard error = 0.12, p = 0.0099). (4) Conclusions: Elevated MDW was associated with a prolonged LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Lin
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-A.L.); (H.-W.T.); (N.K.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Hui-An Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-A.L.); (H.-W.T.); (N.K.); (S.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chuan Chuang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Wei Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-A.L.); (H.-W.T.); (N.K.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Ning Kuo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-A.L.); (H.-W.T.); (N.K.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Shao-Chun Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-A.L.); (H.-W.T.); (N.K.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Sen-Kuang Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-A.L.); (H.-W.T.); (N.K.); (S.-C.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 8107)
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Targeting the RBD of Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) with Medicinal Phytocompounds to Abrogate the Binding of Spike Glycoprotein with the hACE2 Using Computational Molecular Search and Simulation Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020258. [PMID: 35205124 PMCID: PMC8869371 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study based on virtual drugs screening and simulations identified novel drugs to target the RBD of the spike protein from Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Using molecular modeling tools to search for a good binding drugs we identified SANC00944, SANC01032, SANC00992, and SANC00317 from South African natural compounds database as potential inhibitor of the Spike-ACE2 complex. In sum, this study will help in the design and discovery of novel drug therapeutics, which may be used against the emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus continues to inflict chaos globally. The emergence of a novel Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) in South Africa harbors 30 mutations in the spike protein. The variant is distinguished from other variants of concern (VOCs) with an increased (15) number of mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and suggests higher chances of causing reinfections. Initial reports also claimed that this variant escapes all the neutralizing antibodies, thus demanding a novel strategy against it. Thus, in this study, we performed a computational molecular screening against the RBD of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and assessed the binding affinity of potent drugs against the RBD. The multi-steps screening of the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB) revealed four medicinal compounds as excellent (potential) anti-viral agents against the Omicron variant, namely SANC00944, SANC01032, SANC00992, and SANC00317. The simulation analysis of these compounds in complex with the RBD demonstrated stable dynamics and structural compactness. Moreover, the residual flexibility analysis revealed that the flexibility of three loops required for interaction with hACE2 has been reduced by the binding of these drugs. The post-simulation validation of these compounds such as binding free energy, in silico bioactivity, and dissociation constant prediction validated the anti-viral potency of these compounds. The total binding free energy (TBFE) for the SANC01032–RBD complex was reported to be −46.54 kcal/mol; for the SANC01032–RBD complex, the TBFE was −41.88 kcal/mol; for the SANC00992–RBD complex the TBFE was −29.05 kcal/mol, while for the SANC00317–RBD complex the TBFE was −31.03 kcal/mol. The results showed the inhibition potential of these compounds by targeting the RBD. In conclusion, this study will help in the design and discovery of novel drug therapeutics, which may be used against the emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.
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Gatti E, Piotto M, Lelii M, Pensabene M, Madini B, Cerrato L, Hassan V, Aliberti S, Bosis S, Marchisio P, Patria MF. Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 Lung Disease in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:829521. [PMID: 35321012 PMCID: PMC8936419 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.829521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has milder presentation in children than in adults, mostly requiring only supportive therapy. The immunopathogenic course of COVID-19 can be divided in two distinct but overlapping phases: the first triggered by the virus itself and the second one by the host immune response (cytokine storm). Respiratory failure or systemic involvement as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) requiring intensive care are described only in a small portion of infected children. Less severe lung injury in children could be explained by qualitative and quantitative differences in age-related immune response. Evidence on the best therapeutic approach for COVID-19 lung disease in children is lacking. Currently, the approach is mainly conservative and based on supportive therapy. However, in hospitalized children with critical illness and worsening lung function, antiviral therapy with remdesivir and immunomodulant treatment could be considered the "therapeutic pillars."
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mara Lelii
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Bosis
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Cardoso JP, Calazans MIP, Carneiro ALFC, Costa CM, Monteiro ELO, Aristizábal LYG, Oliveira JDS, dos Santos AM. Association between multimorbidity, intensive care unit admission, and death in patients with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-section study, 2020. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022226. [PMID: 36197353 PMCID: PMC10065096 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0226.r1.21072022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity can influence intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between multimorbidity, ICU admissions, and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 recorded in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) in 2020. METHODS Descriptive and stratified analyses of multimorbidity were performed based on sociodemographic, ventilatory support, and diagnostic variables. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. RESULTS We identified 671,593 cases of SARS caused by COVID-19, of which 62.4% had at least one morbidity. Multimorbidity was associated with male sex, age 60-70 and ≥ 80 years, brown and black skin color, elementary education and high school, ventilatory support, and altered radiologic exams. Moreover, all regions of the country and altered computed tomography due to COVID-19 or other diseases were associated with death; only the northeast region and higher education were associated with ICU admission. CONCLUSION Our results showed an association between multimorbidity, ICU admission, and death in COVID-19 patients in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Paixão Cardoso
- PhD. Physiotherapist and Full Professor, Department of Health
II, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP), Universidade Estadual do
Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié (BA), Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Pardo Calazans
- MSc. Physiotherapist and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program
in Nursing and Health, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP),
Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié (BA), Brazil
| | | | - Cayara Mattos Costa
- MSc. Dental Surgeon, Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program in
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Edna Luisa Oliveira Monteiro
- MSc. Dental Surgeon, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry,
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Liliana Yanet Gómez Aristizábal
- PhD. Health Administrator, Postgraduate Program in Public
Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Oliveira
- PhD. Nurse and Full Professor, Department of Health II, Núcleo
de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da
Bahia, (UESB), Jequié (BA), Brazil
| | - Alcione Miranda dos Santos
- PhD. Statistician and Full Professor, Postgraduate Program in
Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA),
Brazil
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Albutti A. Rescuing the Host Immune System by Targeting the Immune Evasion Complex ORF8-IRF3 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Natural Products Using Molecular Modeling Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:112. [PMID: 35010372 PMCID: PMC8750414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The perennial emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants causing upper respiratory complexities since December 2019 has aggravated the pandemic situation around the world. SARS-CoV-2 encodes several proteins among which ORF8 is a novel factor that is unique to SARS-CoV-2 only and is reported to help the virus in disease severity and immune evasion. ORF8-IRF3 complex induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus helps in the evasion of immune response. Consequently, targeting the ORF8-IRF3 complex is considered as a prime target for the discovery of novel drugs against SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, computational methods are of great interest to fast track the identification and development of novel drugs. Virtual screening of South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB), followed by docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis, were performed to determine novel natural compounds. Computational molecular search and rescoring of the SANCDB database followed by induced-fit docking (IFD) protocol identified Quercetin 3-O-(6″-galloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (SANC00850), Tribuloside (SANC01050), and Rutin (SANC00867) are the best scoring compounds. Structural-dynamic properties assessment revealed that these three compounds have stable dynamics, compactness, and a higher number of hydrogen bonds. For validation, we used MM/GBSA, in silico bioactivity estimation and dissociation constant (KD) approaches, which revealed that these compounds are the more potent inhibitors of the ORF8-IRF3 complex and would rescue the host immune system potentially. These compounds need further in vitro and in vivo validations to be used as therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 to rescue the host immune system during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqel Albutti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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Muhseen ZT, Kadhim S, Yahiya YI, Alatawi EA, Aba Alkhayl FF, Almatroudi A. Insights into the Binding of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type and B.1.620 Variant with hACE2 Using Molecular Docking and Simulation Approaches. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1310. [PMID: 34943225 PMCID: PMC8698945 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new variant, B.1620, with mutations (S477N-E484K) in the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) has been reported in Europe. In order to design therapeutic strategies suitable for B.1.620, further studies are required. A detailed investigation of the structural features and variations caused by these substitutions, that is, a molecular level investigation, is essential to uncover the role of these changes. To determine whether and how the binding affinity of ACE2-RBD is affected, we used protein-protein docking and all-atom simulation approaches. Our analysis revealed that B.1.620 binds more strongly than the wild type and alters the hydrogen bonding network. The docking score for the wild type was reported to be -122.6 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol, while for B.1.620, the docking score was -124.9 +/- 3.8 kcal/mol. A comparative binding investigation showed that the wild-type complex has 11 hydrogen bonds and one salt bridge, while the B.1.620 complex has 14 hydrogen bonds and one salt bridge, among which most of the interactions are preserved between the wild type and B.1.620. A dynamic analysis of the two complexes revealed stable dynamics, which corroborated the global stability trend, compactness, and flexibility of the three essential loops, providing a better conformational optimization opportunity and binding. Furthermore, binding free energy revealed that the wild type had a total binding energy of -51.14 kcal/mol, while for B.1.628, the total binding energy was -68.25 kcal/mol. The current findings based on protein complex modeling and bio-simulation methods revealed the atomic features of the B.1.620 variant harboring S477N and E484K mutations in the RBD and the basis for infectivity. In conclusion, the current study presents distinguishing features of B.1.620, which can be used to design structure-based drugs against the B.1.620 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Tariq Muhseen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Salim Kadhim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 61001, Iraq; (S.K.); (Y.I.Y.)
| | - Yahiya Ibrahim Yahiya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 61001, Iraq; (S.K.); (Y.I.Y.)
| | - Eid A. Alatawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faris F. Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
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Allergic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review on Risk Factors, Immunological Mechanisms, Link with COVID-19, Potential Treatments, and Role of Allergen Bioinformatics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212105. [PMID: 34831860 PMCID: PMC8622387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is regarded as one of the key challenges in health worldwide. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this rapid increase in prevalence are unknown, emerging evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a significant role. The immune system, microbiota, viruses, and bacteria have all been linked to the onset of allergy disorders in recent years. Avoiding allergen exposure is the best treatment option; however, steroids, antihistamines, and other symptom-relieving drugs are also used. Allergen bioinformatics encompasses both computational tools/methods and allergen-related data resources for managing, archiving, and analyzing allergological data. This study highlights allergy-promoting mechanisms, algorithms, and concepts in allergen bioinformatics, as well as major areas for future research in the field of allergology.
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Capoluongo E, Nardelli C, Esposito MV, Buonomo AR, Gelzo M, Pinchera B, Zappulo E, Viceconte G, Portella G, Setaro M, Gentile I, Castaldo G. Case Report: Discovery a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in a Six-Months Long-Term Swab Positive Female Suffering From Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705948. [PMID: 34354952 PMCID: PMC8329552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the case of a woman with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who remained positive on the molecular assay for SARS-CoV-2 for six months: she has never experienced a severe form of COVID-19 although in absence of seroconversion. METHODS The whole SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis was performed by the CleanPlex SARS-CoV-2 Research and Surveillance NGS Panel (PARAGON GENOMICS, Hayward, USA). RESULTS We found twenty-two mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome and a novel deleterious ORF3a frameshift c.766_769del corresponding to a unique and novel lineage. The region affected by this frameshift variant is reported as being important in determining SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity. Patient's immunophenotype showed the absence of B lymphocytes and significantly reduced T-cell count. Only after the treatment with hyperimmune plasma she finally became negative on the swab. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could be helpful in the management of patients with immunodeficiency, particularly when novel variants, potentially altering the virus immune response, are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Capoluongo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Nardelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Napoli, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Gelzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Napoli, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulio Viceconte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Setaro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Napoli, Italy
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Martínez-Flores D, Zepeda-Cervantes J, Cruz-Reséndiz A, Aguirre-Sampieri S, Sampieri A, Vaca L. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701501. [PMID: 34322129 PMCID: PMC8311925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China in 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose infection in humans causes mild or severe clinical manifestations that mainly affect the respiratory system. So far, the COVID-19 has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 contains the Spike (S) glycoprotein on its surface, which is the main target for current vaccine development because antibodies directed against this protein can neutralize the infection. Companies and academic institutions have developed vaccines based on the S glycoprotein, as well as its antigenic domains and epitopes, which have been proven effective in generating neutralizing antibodies. However, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants could affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we review the different types of vaccines designed and developed against SARS-CoV-2, placing emphasis on whether they are based on the complete S glycoprotein, its antigenic domains such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or short epitopes within the S glycoprotein. We also review and discuss the possible effectiveness of these vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Flores
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Cruz-Reséndiz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Aguirre-Sampieri
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sampieri
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Nour I, Alenazi IO, Hanif A, Eifan S. Molecular adaptive evolution of SARS-COV-2 spike protein in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3325-3332. [PMID: 33679194 PMCID: PMC7923870 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequences of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) from Saudi Arabia along with SARS-CoV and bat SARS-like CoVs were obtained. Positive selection analysis and secondary structure investigation of spike sequences were performed. Adaptive molecular evolution was observed in SARS-CoV-2 displayed by positive selection pressure at N-terminal domain (NTD; codons 41, 163, 174 and 218), Receptor binding domain (RBD; codons 378 and 404) and S1/S2 Cleavage site (codon 690). Furthermore, the spike protein secondary structure depicted by the homo-trimer structure showed a high similarity between Saudi SARS-CoV-2 isolate and the parental strain (bat SL-COVZC45). Despite the high similarity depicted in the spike sequence model alignment, it displayed a significant difference when each chain was treated solely owing to 7 motif differences in the three composing chains. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 S trimer model uncovered the presence of N-acetyl glucosamine ligands. Eventually, 3C-like proteinase cleavage site was observed in S2 domain could be used as a site for drug discovery. Genetics and molecular evolutionary facts are useful for assessment of evolution, host adaptation and epidemic patterns ultimately helpful for adaptation of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Nour
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O. Alenazi
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Eifan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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