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Ni W, Yuan X, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu J. Anaemia and associated factors among older adults in an urban district in China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056100. [PMID: 35264361 PMCID: PMC8915324 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anaemia leads to poor health outcomes in older adults; however, most current research in China has focused on younger adults. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors in older adults in an urban district in China. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING An urbanised region, Shenzhen, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 121 981 participants aged ≥65 years were recruited at local community health service centres in Shenzhen from January to December 2018. PRIMARY OUTCOMES The prevalence of anaemia was analysed and potential associated factors were evaluated. RESULTS The mean haemoglobin level was 136.40±16.66 g/L and the prevalence of anaemia was 15.43%. The prevalences of mild, moderate and severe anaemia were 12.24%, 2.94% and 0.25%, respectively. Anaemia was positively associated with older age, being underweight (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.06, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.20), diabetes (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.28) and chronic kidney disease (AOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.46), and inversely with higher education level, current-smoker (AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.89), non-habitual drinker (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.92), habitual drinker (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87), overweight (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.70), obesity (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.61), central obesity (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89), hypertension (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.89) and dyslipidaemia (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.84). CONCLUSION Anaemia is prevalent among people aged 65 years and older in China. Screening of high-risk populations and treatment of senile anaemia should be a top priority in Shenzhen, and should be listed as important public health intervention measures for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Ni
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueli Yuan
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanying Sun
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Akbarpour E, Paridar Y, Mohammadi Z, Mard A, Danehchin L, Abolnezhadian F, Azadpour S, Rahimi Z, Zamani M, Cheraghian B, Poustchi H, Shayesteh AA. Anemia prevalence, severity, types, and correlates among adult women and men in a multiethnic Iranian population: the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS). BMC Public Health 2022; 22:168. [PMID: 35073904 PMCID: PMC8787906 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite all recent health-related improvements, anemia remains an extensive global public health issue affecting the lives of about one-fourth of the world population in a geographically heterogeneous pattern. We, therefore, aimed to illustrate the prevalence, severity, most common types, and major determinants of anemia among adults in Khuzestan, Iran, from 2016 to 2019. METHODS In a large population-based cross-sectional study comprising of a diverse population, each participant underwent a questionnaire-based interview and laboratory testing for hematological analysis. A hemoglobin (HGB) concentration of < 12 g/dL in non-pregnant women and < 13 g/dL in men were defined anemic. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between anemia and its potential determinants. RESULTS Data on 29,550 (96.87%) males and non-pregnant females between 20-65 years of age (mean age: 41.90 ± 11.88 years; female sex: 63.58%; Arab ethnicity: 48.65%), whose HGB level was available, were included in the study. The mean ± SD HGB concentration was 13.75 ± 1.65 g/dL. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence rate of anemia was 10.86% (95% CI: 10.51-11.23%). The most prevalent degree was mild anemia (7.71%, 95% CI: 7.40-8.03%) and only 0.17% were severely anemic. Of those considered anemic, the highest proportion was related to normochromic/microcytic (50.65%), followed by hypochromic/microcytic (30.29%). In the multiple logistic regression, the parameters of female gender (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.68-3.76), age group of 35-49 years (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.52-1.82), being underweight (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.29-1.93), being unemployed or retired (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.33-1.81), and living in urban areas (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29) were major determinants of anemia. Additionally, we observed a minor but significant positive association between anemia status and CKD, older ages, increased night sleep duration, being a housewife and married, as well as a negative association between anemia and factors including hookah smoking, presence of metabolic syndrome, and overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the anemia prevalence in this study population was of mild public health significance. The major suspected causes might be iron deficiency and chronic disease anemias. Comparably higher rates of anemia were observed amongst women, individuals aged 35-49 years, underweights, unemployed or retired subjects, and urban residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Akbarpour
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, N. Kargar St., 14117 Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Paridar
- School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, N. Kargar St., 14117 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mard
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, N. Kargar St., 14117 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Shayesteh
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Gastroenterology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Azadegan Ave, Ahvaz, Iran
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