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Ribas LH, Montezano BB, Nieves M, Kampmann LB, Jansen K. The role of parental stress on emotional and behavioral problems in offspring: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024:S0021-7557(24)00040-8. [PMID: 38636551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Empirical evidence underscores an association between parental stress and emotional and behavioral problems in offspring. However, a comprehensive systematic review or meta-analysis on this topic is lacking. Thus, this study aims to address the scientific inquiry: Is there a relationship between parental stress and emotional/behavioral problems in children? SOURCES This systematic review with a meta-analysis surveyed PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde between August and September 2021. The present search combined terms (school-age children) AND (parental stress OR parenting stress OR family stress) AND (emotional and behavioral problems OR internalizing and externalizing problems). Eligibility criteria encompassed cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies published within the last five years, exploring the association between parental stress (stressful life events and parenthood-related stress disorders) and emotional/behavioral problems in school-age children. PROSPERO ID CRD42022274034. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Of the 24 studies meeting all inclusion criteria (n = 31,183) for the systematic review, nine were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed an association between parental stress and emotional problems (COR: 0.46 [95 % CI: 0.27 - 0.61], p < 0.001, Heterogeneity = 89 %) as well as behavioral problems (COR: 0.37 [95 % CI: 0.27 - 0.46], p < 0.001, Heterogeneity = 76 %). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that parental stress predicts emotional/behavioral problems in school-age children. Since these problems are related to long-term negative effects in adulthood, these results are crucial for preventing mental health problems in offspring and for screening and managing parental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Nieves
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Jansen
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Hanai A, Ishikawa T, Sugao S, Fujii M, Hirai K, Watanabe H, Matsuzaki M, Nakamoto G, Takeda T, Kitabatake Y, Itoh Y, Endo M, Kimura T, Kawakami E. Explainable Machine Learning Classification to Identify Vulnerable Groups Among Parenting Mothers: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47372. [PMID: 38324356 PMCID: PMC10882468 DOI: 10.2196/47372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One life event that requires extensive resilience and adaptation is parenting. However, resilience and perceived support in child-rearing vary, making the real-world situation unclear, even with postpartum checkups. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the psychosocial status of mothers during the child-rearing period from newborn to toddler, with a classifier based on data on the resilience and adaptation characteristics of mothers with newborns. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Mothers with newborns aged approximately 1 month (newborn cohort) were analyzed to construct an explainable machine learning classifier to stratify parenting-related resilience and adaptation characteristics and identify vulnerable populations. Explainable k-means clustering was used because of its high explanatory power and applicability. The classifier was applied to mothers with infants aged 2 months to 1 year (infant cohort) and mothers with toddlers aged >1 year to 2 years (toddler cohort). Psychosocial status, including depressed mood assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), bonding assessed by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), and sleep quality assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between the classified groups, was compared. RESULTS A total of 1559 participants completed the survey. They were split into 3 cohorts, comprising populations of various characteristics, including parenting difficulties and psychosocial measures. The classifier, which stratified participants into 5 groups, was generated from the self-reported scores of resilience and adaptation in the newborn cohort (n=310). The classifier identified that the group with the greatest difficulties in resilience and adaptation to a child's temperament and perceived support had higher incidences of problems with depressed mood (relative prevalence [RP] 5.87, 95% CI 2.77-12.45), bonding (RP 5.38, 95% CI 2.53-11.45), and sleep quality (RP 1.70, 95% CI 1.20-2.40) compared to the group with no difficulties in perceived support. In the infant cohort (n=619) and toddler cohort (n=461), the stratified group with the greatest difficulties had higher incidences of problems with depressed mood (RP 9.05, 95% CI 4.36-18.80 and RP 4.63, 95% CI 2.38-9.02, respectively), bonding (RP 1.63, 95% CI 1.29-2.06 and RP 3.19, 95% CI 2.03-5.01, respectively), and sleep quality (RP 8.09, 95% CI 4.62-16.37 and RP 1.72, 95% CI 1.23-2.42, respectively) compared to the group with no difficulties. CONCLUSIONS The classifier, based on a combination of resilience and adaptation to the child's temperament and perceived support, was able identify psychosocial vulnerable groups in the newborn cohort, the start-up stage of childcare. Psychosocially vulnerable groups were also identified in qualitatively different infant and toddler cohorts, depending on their classifier. The vulnerable group identified in the infant cohort showed particularly high RP for depressed mood and poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanai
- Medical Data Mathematical Reasoning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Medical Data Mathematical Reasoning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, The Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Sugao
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kei Hirai
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayo Matsuzaki
- Department of Reproductive Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goji Nakamoto
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takeda
- Department of Medical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuji Kitabatake
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Itoh
- Department of Integrated Information Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Medical Data Mathematical Reasoning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Bilodeau J, Quesnel-Vallée A, Poder T. Work stressors, work-family conflict, parents' depressive symptoms and perceived parental concern for their children's mental health during COVID-19 in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2181. [PMID: 37936129 PMCID: PMC10629015 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related stressors and work-family conflict are important social determinants of mental health. While the impact of these stressors on parents' mental health is well documented, we know comparatively less about their impact on children's mental health. Furthermore, though the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered these stressors, particularly with the increase in teleworking, major knowledge gaps persist regarding the association between parents' stressors and perceived parental concern for their children's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the stress contagion perspective, this study tests (1) the mediating role of parents' depressive symptoms with parental concern for their children's mental health, and (2) whether these associations vary depending on whether parents had the opportunity to engage in telework. METHODS A path analysis was performed from a cross-sectional analytic sample of 780 employed parents in the province of Quebec (Canada). The same model was then stratified by teleworking opportunity. The model's indirect associations were obtained by the bootstrap bias-corrected method with 1,000 replications. RESULTS The results show that the stressors of work-to-family conflict, increased difficulties in work-family balance since the COVID-19 pandemic, irregular schedules, low esteem derived from work, and job insecurity were all indirectly associated with an increase in parental concern for their children's mental health through increased parents' depressive symptoms. However, some associations differ depending on teleworking status. The indirect associations involving increased difficulties in work-family balance since the COVID-19 pandemic as well as irregular work schedules were observed only in the teleworking group. CONCLUSIONS This study fills a gap in research on the association between the work-family interface and parental concern for their children's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the importance of concerted and cohesive action between child health policies and those regarding work and work-family balance to prevent work-related psychosocial risks, particularly considering the post pandemic expanded and persistent reliance on teleworking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaunathan Bilodeau
- Department of Sociology, McGill University, 3460 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E6, Canada.
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Sociology, McGill University, 3460 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E6, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Poder
- École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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El-Ashry AM, Elhay ESA, Taha SM, Salem ESAEHES, El-Sayed MM. Impact of virtual group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on social adjustment and work-family conflict among intern nurses: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:552. [PMID: 37525125 PMCID: PMC10391863 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An action-oriented approach such as acceptance and commitment therapy may help reduce the fusion of conflicting ideas, empower new intern nurses to act according to their values, and maximize their psychological flexibility. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a virtual group-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention on intern nurses' social adjustment and work-family conflict. DESIGN A parallel, single-blind randomized control trial on intern nurses (n = 70) was randomly allocated to either a six-session online acceptance or commitment therapy intervention (n = 35) or a waiting list control group (n = 35), with each session lasting 90 min. MEASURES The work-related acceptance and action questionnaire, the social adjustment scale-self report, and the work-family conflict scale before, after, and one month after the intervention. RESULTS The psychological flexibility mean score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (43.11 vs. 34.15, p < .001) immediately after the intervention, and this effect was sustained one month after the intervention (41.88 vs. 33.21, p < .001) with a more significant effect size (F = 128.457, p < .001, η2 = 0.791). The social adjustment mean score of the study group had significantly improved in all four subscales, with statistically significant differences (p < .001). One month after the intervention, the study group had significantly higher scores than the control group in total score, with statistically significant differences (p < .001) and large effect sizes (η2 = 0.932). Work-family conflict mean score of the study group was decreased immediately after the intervention, with statistically significant differences (p < .001). One month after the intervention, the study group had significantly lower scores than the control group in all three subscales of the WFCS, with statistically significant differences (p < .001) and large effect sizes (η2 = 0.943). CONCLUSION Our findings proved that the virtual group-based ACT intervention effectively improved psychological flexibility and social adjustment, reducing work-family conflict among intern nurses. These findings suggest that the virtual group-based ACT intervention can be a practical approach to improving intern nurses' mental health and well-being, which could affect their job performance and overall quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered retrospectively as a randomized clinical trial on 10/2/2023, reference number; NCT05721339 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman Sameh Abd Elhay
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah Mohamed Taha
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Metwally El-Sayed
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Bilodeau J, Mikutra-Cencora M, Quesnel-Vallée A. Work-family interface and children's mental health: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:45. [PMID: 36997939 PMCID: PMC10062267 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted to contain it have highlighted the centrality of the work-family interface in the etiology of mental health among the employed population. However, while the impact on the mental health of workers has been well documented, the relationship with the mental health of children of those workers remains to be clarified.A systematic review was conducted through the identification of peer-reviewed studies on the association between parental work-family interface (e.g. work-family conflict and/or work-family enrichment) and children's mental health. This method is based on the consultation of 7 databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SocIndex, Embase, and Scopus), considering all studies published through June 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022336058). Methodology and findings are reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. 25 of the 4146 identified studies met our inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was performed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Most studies investigated only work-family conflict, ignoring work-family enrichment. Child mental health outcomes evaluated included internalizing behaviours (n = 11), externalizing behaviours (n = 10), overall mental health (n = 13), and problematic Internet usage (n = 1). Results of the review are summarized qualitatively. Our analysis shows equivocal evidence for the direct relationships between the work-family interface and children's mental health, as a large proportion of associations did not reach statistical significance. We can, however, posit that work-family conflict seems to be more associated with children's mental health problems while work-family enrichment was more related to children's positive mental health. A greater proportion of significant associations are observed for internalizing behaviors compared to externalizing behaviors. Almost all the studies that test for a mediating effect found that parental characteristics and parental mental health are significant mediators.Our research provides insight into the complex association between work-family interface and child mental health, showing both beneficial and detrimental consequences that may even occur simultaneously. This highlights the far-reaching effects of contexts affecting the work-family interface, including the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with the need for research adopting more standardized and nuanced measures of the work-family interface to further validate these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3460 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E6 Canada
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6
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Or PPL, Fang Y, Sun F, Poon ETC, Chan CKM, Chung LMY. From parental issues of job and finance to child well-being and maltreatment: A systematic review of the pandemic-related spillover effect. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 137:106041. [PMID: 36682192 PMCID: PMC9851830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 pandemic jeopardized family well-being at the population level internationally. Pandemic-related job/financial difficulties in parents have a spillover effect on their child's well-being and issues of child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The current review sought to systematically summarize and analyze this pandemic-related spillover effect. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS In the home setting, participants involved 11,100 adolescents, 9144 parents/caregivers, and another 7927 parent-children dyads. METHODS An extensive literature search in 13 electronic databases was conducted. A total 21 eligible papers published from 2020 to 2022 were included for further thematic analysis. RESULTS A significant positive relationship between the pandemic-related spillover effect from parental job or financial issues to child maltreatment and child's mental/behavioral issues was established. The internal mechanisms demonstrated that this relationship was intermediated or moderated by the interactions of parental mental health issues, parenting practice, and family relationships. Families with particular factors may be more vulnerable and sensitive to the spillover effect during the pandemic. The work-from-home arrangement was found as positively related to enhanced parenting warmth and parent-child relationship in some cases who had relatively high familial social-economic status. CONCLUSIONS Findings of current review provided the evidences from empirical data. During the Covid-19 pandemic, spillover effect from parental job/financial issues significantly influenced the child well-being and family functioning. Future efforts for intervention/service design should be made to enhance familial protective factors and support those families with vulnerable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Pui Lai Or
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Eric Tsz Chun Poon
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Carmen Ka Man Chan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Louisa Ming Yan Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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7
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Omaleki V, Vo AV, Flores M, Majnoonian A, Le T, Nguyen M, Duong D, Hassani A, Wijaya FC, Gonzalez-Zuniga PE, Gaines T, Garfein RS, Fielding-Miller R. "It's hard for everyone" systemic barriers to home confinement to prevent community spread of COVID-19. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:64-72. [PMID: 36271869 PMCID: PMC9620324 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid identification and isolation/quarantine of COVID-19 cases or close contacts, respectively, is a vital tool to support safe, in-person learning. However, safe isolation or quarantine for a young child also necessitates home confinement for at least one adult caregiver, as well as rapid learning material development by the teacher to minimize learning loss. The purpose of this study is to better understand barriers and supports to student home confinement. We conducted a mixed-methods study using focus group discussions and a self-administered online survey with parents and staff members from 12 elementary schools and childcare sites across San Diego County serving low-income and socially vulnerable families. Focus group participants reported that mental distress and loneliness, learning loss, childcare, food, income loss, and overcrowded housing were major barriers related to home confinement. The experiences described by FGD participants were prevalent in a concurrent community survey: 25% of participants reported that isolation would be extremely difficult for a household member who tested positive or was exposed to COVID-19, and 20% were extremely concerned about learning loss while in isolation or quarantine. Our findings suggest that there are serious structural impediments to safely completing the entire recommended course of isolation or quarantine, and that the potential for isolation or quarantine may also lead to increased hesitancy to access diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinton Omaleki
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anh V Vo
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health-International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marlene Flores
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Araz Majnoonian
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health-Global Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tina Le
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Megan Nguyen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health-International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dawn Duong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ashkan Hassani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fitri C Wijaya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patricia E Gonzalez-Zuniga
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tommi Gaines
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Kuśnierz C, Rogowska AM, Chilicka K, Pavlova I, Ochnik D. Associations of Work-Family Conflict with Family-Specific, Work-Specific, and Well-Being-Related Variables in a Sample of Polish and Ukrainian Adults during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710954. [PMID: 36078672 PMCID: PMC9517904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The conflict between work and family demands increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to changes in lifestyle related to the lockdown. This study examines the associations between work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC) with work-specific, family-specific, and well-being-related variables during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results may be used in practice to improve the well-being of employees by adjusting home-based work and family areas of life to dynamic changes during the pandemic. The sample of 736 adults from Poland (53.26%) and Ukraine (46.74%), aged between 19 and 72 (M = 39.40; SD = 10.80), participated in the study. The cross-sectional study was performed using an online survey, including sociodemographic variables, measures of WFC, time pressure, remote work assessment (RWAS), physical health (GSRH), life satisfaction (SWLS), perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). This study showed numerous inter-group differences in all variables across the country, gender, relationship status, parenthood, caring for children under 12, and remote working status. A high WFC is more likely among Polish workers (than Ukrainian workers), people with a low level of self-perceived time pressure, and high symptoms of stress. Caring for children under 12, low self-perceived time pressure, and high stress can predict FWC. Various paths lead from perceived stress via WFC and FWC, physical health, anxiety, and depression to life satisfaction, as suggested by the structural equation modeling analysis. Parents of children under 12 and women are the most vulnerable groups for increased WFC, FWC, and worse mental health and well-being. Prevention programs should focus on reducing stress, anxiety, and work demands in these adult populations. A unique contribution to the existing knowledge revealed patterns of associations between WFC and FWC in relation to well-being dimensions in a cross-cultural context during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Kuśnierz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Chilicka
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
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Amaerjiang N, Xiao H, Zunong J, Shu W, Li M, Pérez-Escamilla R, Hu Y. Sleep disturbances in children newly enrolled in elementary school are associated with parenting stress in China. Sleep Med 2021; 88:247-255. [PMID: 34798441 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of children's sleep disturbances among students newly enrolled in elementary school, and explored the association between the two during the child's transition from kindergarten to elementary school. METHODS In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,510 newly enrolled school kids and their parents in Beijing. Children's sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and parenting stress characteristics were assessed with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between children's sleep and parenting stress. RESULTS A total of 77.9% of children newly enrolled in elementary school had sleep disturbances and 15.6% of parents had experienced parenting stress. When examining the relationship between children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress, monthly family income over US$1,550 was a protective factor and children with sleep disturbances were associated with higher risk of parenting stress. Two subscales from the CSHQ were associated with higher parenting stress risk: sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Similarly, parents experiencing parenting stress had children with higher risk of sleep disturbances. This risk was also higher for children from parents screening positive in the PSI-SF subscales for parental distress and difficult child. CONCLUSIONS We found that children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress were common and there was a bidirectional association between the two during this transition time. Schools and communities need to provide timely psychological support for children and parents to address major stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubiya Amaerjiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huidi Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiawulan Zunong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | | | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Hander NR, Gulde M, Klein T, Mulfinger N, Jerg-Bretzke L, Ziegenhain U, Gündel H, Rothermund E. Group-Treatment for Dealing with the Work-Family Conflict for Healthcare Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11728. [PMID: 34770242 PMCID: PMC8583074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals' exposure to work-family conflict negatively affects the health and well-being of the whole family and organizational outcomes. Specified workplace interventions are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a two-day group-treatment specifically designed for the needs of healthcare professionals with family responsibilities concerning participation, satisfaction with the intervention and family- and individual-related outcome variables. 24 mostly female (85.7%) participants of a community hospital in southern Germany attended the treatment. Data were collected at baseline (T0), directly after the treatment (T1) and two months later (T2). A two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a statistically significant time x group effect for self-efficacy (F = 5.29, p = 0.011). Contrasts displayed substantial pre-post (T1-T0, T2-T0) increases of self-efficacy in the intervention group as compared with the control group. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney-U tests are in line with these findings. The results indicate that the group-treatment adapted to the needs of healthcare professionals has the potential to boost self-efficacy among healthcare professionals and that participants were predominantly satisfied. Perspectives for future research and practical implications are discussed in the light of the manifest lack of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rosalinde Hander
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.K.); (N.M.); (H.G.)
| | - Manuela Gulde
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (U.Z.)
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.K.); (N.M.); (H.G.)
| | - Nadine Mulfinger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.K.); (N.M.); (H.G.)
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (U.Z.)
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.K.); (N.M.); (H.G.)
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.K.); (N.M.); (H.G.)
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