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Almonti V, Vernazza S, Mirata S, Tirendi S, Passalacqua M, Gualtieri AF, Di Giuseppe D, Scarfì S, Bassi AM. Toxicity and inflammatory potential of mineral fibres: The contribute of released soluble metals versus cell contact direct effects. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1166-1183. [PMID: 38605572 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Asbestos fibres have been considered an environmental hazard for decades. However, little is known about the attempts of circulating immune cells to counteract their toxicity. We addressed the early effects of fibre-released soluble factors (i.e. heavy metals) in naïve immune cells, circulating immediately below the alveolar/endothelial cell layer. By comparison, the direct fibre effects on endotheliocytes were also studied since these cells are known to sustain inflammatory processes. The three mineral fibres analysed showed that mainly chrysotile (CHR) and erionite (ERI) were able to release toxic metals in extracellular media respect to crocidolite (CRO), during the first 24 h. Nevertheless, all three fibres were able to induce oxidative stress and genotoxic damage in indirectly challenged naïve THP-1 monocytes (separated by a membrane). Conversely, only CHR-released metal ions induced apoptosis, NF-κB activation, cytokines and CD163 gene overexpression, indicating a differentiation towards the M0 macrophage phenotype. On the other hand, all three mineral fibres in direct contact with HECV endothelial cells showed cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects, cytokines and ICAM-I overexpression, indicating the ability of these cells to promote an inflammatory environment in the lung independently from the type of inhaled fibre. Our study highlights the different cellular responses to mineral fibres resulting from both the nature of the cells and their function, but also from the chemical-physical characteristics of the fibres. In conclusion, CHR represented the main pro-inflammatory trigger, able to recruit and activate circulating naïve monocytes, through its released metals, already in the first 24 h after inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Almonti
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
- Department Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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Bonfiglio R, Scimeca M, Mauriello A. Addressing environmental pollution and cancer: the imperative of the 2030 agenda. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2273-2276. [PMID: 37920907 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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Marinaccio A, Di Marzio D, Mensi C, Consonni D, Gioscia C, Migliore E, Genova C, Rossetto Giaccherino R, Eccher S, Murano S, Comiati V, Casotto V, Negro C, Mangone L, Miligi L, Piro S, Angelini A, Grappasonni I, Madeo G, Cozzi I, Ancona L, Staniscia T, Carrozza F, Cavone D, Vimercati L, Labianca M, Tallarigo F, Cascone G, Melis M, Bonafede M, Scarselli A, Binazzi A. Incidence of mesothelioma in young people and causal exposure to asbestos in the Italian national mesothelioma registry (ReNaM). Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:603-609. [PMID: 37813485 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiological surveillance of mesothelioma incidence is a crucial key for investigating the occupational and environmental sources of asbestos exposure. The median age at diagnosis is generally high, according to the long latency of the disease. The purposes of this study are to analyse the incidence of mesothelioma in young people and to evaluate the modalities of asbestos exposure. METHODS Incident malignant mesothelioma (MM) cases in the period 1993-2018 were retrieved from Italian national mesothelioma registry and analysed for gender, incidence period, morphology and exposure. Age-standardised rates have been calculated and the multiple correspondence analysis has been performed. The association between age and asbestos exposure has been tested by χ2 test. RESULTS From 1993 to 2018, 30 828 incident MM cases have been collected and 1278 (4.1%) presented diagnosis at early age (≤50 years). There is a substantial association between age at diagnosis and the type of asbestos exposure and a significantly lower frequency of cases with occupational exposure to asbestos (497 cases vs 701 expected) in young people has been documented. Paraoccupational and environmental exposure to asbestos have been found more frequent in young MM cases (85 and 93 observed cases vs 52 and 44 expected cases, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mesothelioma incidence surveillance at population level and the anamnestic individual research of asbestos exposure is a fundamental tool for monitoring asbestos exposure health effects, supporting the exposure risks prevention policies. Clusters of mesothelioma incident cases in young people are a significant signal of a potential non-occupational exposure to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Di Marzio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Mensi
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmela Gioscia
- Valle d'Aosta Health Local Unit, Valle d'Aosta Region, Aosta, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- COR Piemonte, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Internal Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Eccher
- Provincial Unit of Health Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, COR Province of Trento- APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Murano
- Occupational Medicine Unit, COR PA Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Vera Comiati
- COR Veneto, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Negro
- COR Friuli Venezia Giulia, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilaria Cozzi
- COR Lazio, Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma1, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ancona
- COR Lazio, Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma1, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenica Cavone
- Section Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, COR Puglia, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Section Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, COR Puglia, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Labianca
- COR Basilicata, Epidemiologic Regional Center, Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cascone
- Public Health Agency Ragusa (ASP), COR Mesoteliomi della Sicilia, Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Scarselli
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
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Fazzo L, Minelli G, De Santis M, Ceccarelli E, Iavarone I, Zona A. The Epidemiological Surveillance of Mesothelioma Mortality in Italy as a Tool for the Prevention of Asbestos Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5957. [PMID: 37297561 PMCID: PMC10252364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As part of a surveillance plan active since the early 1990s, this study evaluates malignant mesothelioma (MM) mortality for the time-window 2010-2019 in Italy, a country that banned asbestos in 1992. National and regional mortality rates for MM, and municipal standardized mortality ratios (all mesotheliomas, pleural (MPM) and peritoneal (MPeM)), by gender and age group were calculated. A municipal clustering analysis was also performed. There were 15,446 deaths from MM (11,161 males, 3.8 × 100,000; 4285 females, 1.1 × 100,000), of which 12,496 were MPM and 661 were MPeM. In the study period, 266 people ≤50 years died from MM. A slightly decreasing rate among males since 2014 was observed. The areas at major risk hosted asbestos-cement plants, asbestos mines (chrysotile in Balangero), shipyards, petrochemical and chemical plants, and refineries. Female mortality excesses particularly were found in municipalities with a fluoro-edenite-contaminated mine (Biancavilla) and textile facilities. Excesses were also found in a region with the presence of natural asbestos fibres and in males living in two small islands. The Italian National Prevention Plan stated recommendations to eliminate asbestos exposures and to implement health surveillance and healthcare for people exposed to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fazzo
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giada Minelli
- Statistical Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco De Santis
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Emiliano Ceccarelli
- Statistical Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Ivano Iavarone
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Amerigo Zona
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.)
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Magnani C, Mensi C, Binazzi A, Marsili D, Grosso F, Ramos-Bonilla JP, Ferrante D, Migliore E, Mirabelli D, Terracini B, Consonni D, Degiovanni D, Lia M, Cely-García MF, Giraldo M, Lysaniuk B, Comba P, Marinaccio A. The Italian Experience in the Development of Mesothelioma Registries: A Pathway for Other Countries to Address the Negative Legacy of Asbestos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20020936. [PMID: 36673690 PMCID: PMC9858856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos (all forms, including chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite) is carcinogenic to humans and causally associated with mesothelioma and cancer of the lung, larynx, and ovary. It is one of the carcinogens most diffuse in the world, in workplaces, but also in the environment and is responsible for a very high global cancer burden. A large number of countries, mostly with high-income economies, has banned the use of asbestos which, however, is still widespread in low- and middle-income countries. It remains, thus, one of the most common occupational and environmental carcinogens worldwide. Italy issued an asbestos ban in 1992, following the dramatic observation of a large increase in mortality from mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases in exposed workers and also in subjects with non-occupational exposure. A mesothelioma registry was also organized and still monitors the occurrence of mesothelioma cases, conducting a case-by-case evaluation of asbestos exposure. In this report, we describe two Italian communities, Casale Monferrato and Broni, that faced an epidemic of mesothelioma resulting from the production of asbestos cement and the diffuse environmental exposure; we present the activity and results of the Italian mesothelioma registry (ReNaM), describe the risk-communication activities at the local and national level with a focus on international cooperation and also describe the interaction between mesothelioma registration and medical services specialized in mesothelioma diagnosis and treatment in an area at high risk of mesothelioma. Finally, we assess the potential application of the solutions and methods already developed in Italy in a city in Colombia with high mesothelioma incidence associated with the production of asbestos-cement materials and the presence of diffuse environmental asbestos pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Magnani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
| | - Carolina Mensi
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marsili
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS (Italian National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Grosso
- Mesothelioma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Regional Operating Center of Piemonte (COR Piemonte), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Torin, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Regional Operating Center of Piemonte (COR Piemonte), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Torin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Terracini
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Regional Operating Center of Piemonte (COR Piemonte), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Torin, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michela Lia
- Mesothelioma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Margarita Giraldo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Pietro Comba
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Saito CA, Bussacos MA, Salvi L, Mensi C, Consonni D, Fernandes FT, Campos F, Cavalcante F, Algranti E. Sex-Specific Mortality from Asbestos-Related Diseases, Lung and Ovarian Cancer in Municipalities with High Asbestos Consumption, Brazil, 2000-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3656. [PMID: 35329341 PMCID: PMC8949971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the mortality rates for typical asbestos-related diseases (ARD-T: mesothelioma, asbestosis, and pleural plaques) and for lung and ovarian cancer in Brazilian municipalities where asbestos mines and asbestos-cement plants had been operating (areas with high asbestos consumption, H-ASB) compared with in other municipalities. The death records for adults aged 30+ years were retrieved from multiple health information systems. In the 2000-2017 time period, age-standardized mortality rates (standard: Brazil 2010) and standardized rate ratios (SRR; H-ASB vs. others) were estimated. The SRRs for ARD-T were 2.56 for men (257 deaths in H-ASB municipalities) and 1.19 for women (136 deaths). For lung cancer, the SRRs were 1.33 for men (32,604 deaths) and 1.19 for women (20,735 deaths). The SRR for ovarian cancer was 1.34 (8446 deaths). Except for ARD-T and lung cancer in women, the SRRs were higher in municipalities that began using asbestos before 1970 than in municipalities that began utilizing asbestos from 1970 onwards. In conclusion, the mortality rates for ARD-T, and lung and ovarian cancer in municipalities with a history of asbestos mining and asbestos-cement production exceed those of the whole country. Caution is needed when interpreting the results of this ecological study. Analytical studies are necessary to document the impact of asbestos exposure on health, particularly in the future given the long latency of asbestos-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cézar Akiyoshi Saito
- Fundacentro, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência, São Paulo 05409-002, Brazil; (C.A.S.); (M.A.B.); (F.T.F.)
| | - Marco Antonio Bussacos
- Fundacentro, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência, São Paulo 05409-002, Brazil; (C.A.S.); (M.A.B.); (F.T.F.)
| | - Leonardo Salvi
- Programa de Saúde Ambiental e de Saúde do Trabalhador, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil; (L.S.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Carolina Mensi
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Dario Consonni
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fernando Timoteo Fernandes
- Fundacentro, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência, São Paulo 05409-002, Brazil; (C.A.S.); (M.A.B.); (F.T.F.)
| | - Felipe Campos
- Programa de Saúde Ambiental e de Saúde do Trabalhador, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil; (L.S.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Franciana Cavalcante
- Programa de Saúde Ambiental e de Saúde do Trabalhador, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil; (L.S.); (F.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Eduardo Algranti
- Fundacentro, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência, São Paulo 05409-002, Brazil; (C.A.S.); (M.A.B.); (F.T.F.)
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