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Medina S, Clarke S, Hughes S. Virtual reality-based analgesia: towards a novel framework for the biopsychosocial management of chronic pain. Br J Anaesth 2024:S0007-0912(24)00343-X. [PMID: 38997839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) holds unmeasured potential as a multicomponent tool for managing chronic pain by adapting conventional in-person biopsychosocial pain management strategies into one virtual space. We review recent evidence showcasing the successful integration of cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, embodiment techniques, and physical therapy into VR environments, demonstrating positive outcomes in patients with chronic pain. We propose that future clinical and basic research build on this by integrating pain neuroscience techniques to help better understand pathophysiological pain mechanisms and treatment response. This could help facilitate early assessment and personalised treatment of chronic pain using a VR-based biopsychosocial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Medina
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sophie Clarke
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sam Hughes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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2
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Saleh SES, Abozed HW. Technology and Children's health: Effect of virtual reality on pain and clinical outcomes during hydrotherapy for children with burns. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00262-8. [PMID: 38971634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual Reality (VR) has been frequently used as an engaging, interactive, and effective non-pharmacological distraction technique for children during painful procedures, including burnt wound care. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual reality on pain and clinical outcomes during hydrotherapy for children with burns. DESIGN A randomized controlled pretest, during, and post-test research design was utilized. METHODS Sixty children with burns underwent hydrotherapy, divided randomly and assigned equally into two groups. Children of the control group received the standard pharmacological treatment of the unit to manage pain and stabilize their physiological parameters throughout the three days of study. Children of the virtual reality intervention group received all basic standard care as the control group plus VR intervention across different software content, and interaction immersion designs which took place using a cell phone coupled with the three-dimensional (3D) image glasses. Outcome measures were physiological parameters, wound healing, and Face, Leg, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale. SETTING This study was carried out in the burns unit at the Plastic, Reconstructive, and Burns Surgery Center affiliated to Mansoura University, from September to November 2023. RESULTS Children in the study group had lower pain scores, more stable physiological parameters, and higher rates of wound healing compared to the control group with a statistically significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSION Using VR intervention significantly reduced pain intensity, enhanced physiological parameters and promoted the rate of wound healing in children with burns during hydrotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hend Wageh Abozed
- Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Nelson AM, Lacinski RA, Steller JG. Spaceflight-associated pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2024:00001503-990000000-00204. [PMID: 39011662 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Consequences of the expanding commercial spaceflight industry include an increase in total number of spaceflight participants and an accompanying surge in the average number of medical comorbidities compared with government-based astronaut corps. A sequela of these developments is an anticipated rise in acute and chronic pain concerns associated with spaceflight. This review will summarize diagnostic and therapeutic areas of interest that can support the comfort of humans in spaceflight. RECENT FINDINGS Painful conditions that occur in space may be due to exposure to numerous stressors such as acceleration and vibration during launch, trauma associated with extravehicular activities, and morbidity resulting directly from weightlessness. Without normal gravitational forces and biomechanical stress, the hostile environment of space causes muscle atrophy, bone demineralization, joint stiffness, and spinal disc dysfunction, resulting in a myriad of pain generators. Repeated insults from abnormal environmental exposures are thought to contribute to the development of painful musculoskeletal and neuropathic conditions. SUMMARY As humanity invests in Lunar and Martian exploration, understanding the painful conditions that will impede crew productivity and mission outcomes is critical. Preexisting pain and new-onset acute or chronic pain resulting from spaceflight will require countermeasures and treatments to mitigate long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Ryan A Lacinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jonathan G Steller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
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Cerda IH, Zhang E, Dominguez M, Ahmed M, Lang M, Ashina S, Schatman ME, Yong RJ, Fonseca ACG. Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Headache Disorder Diagnosis, Classification, and Management. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01279-7. [PMID: 38836996 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the current and future role of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in addressing the complexities inherent to the diagnosis, classification, and management of headache disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Through machine learning and natural language processing approaches, AI offers unprecedented opportunities to identify patterns within complex and voluminous datasets, including brain imaging data. This technology has demonstrated promise in optimizing diagnostic approaches to headache disorders and automating their classification, an attribute particularly beneficial for non-specialist providers. Furthermore, AI can enhance headache disorder management by enabling the forecasting of acute events of interest, such as migraine headaches or medication overuse, and by guiding treatment selection based on insights from predictive modeling. Additionally, AI may facilitate the streamlining of treatment efficacy monitoring and enable the automation of real-time treatment parameter adjustments. VR technology, on the other hand, offers controllable and immersive experiences, thus providing a unique avenue for the investigation of the sensory-perceptual symptomatology associated with certain headache disorders. Moreover, recent studies suggest that VR, combined with biofeedback, may serve as a viable adjunct to conventional treatment. Addressing challenges to the widespread adoption of AI and VR in headache medicine, including reimbursement policies and data privacy concerns, mandates collaborative efforts from stakeholders to enable the equitable, safe, and effective utilization of these technologies in advancing headache disorder care. This review highlights the potential of AI and VR to support precise diagnostics, automate classification, and enhance management strategies for headache disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moises Dominguez
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Min Lang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sait Ashina
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health-Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Jason Yong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra C G Fonseca
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Kragting M, Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Pezzica C, Voogt L, Coppieters MW. Does having an external focus in immersive virtual reality increase range of motion in people with neck pain? Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2024; 71:102940. [PMID: 38537389 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When instructing exercises to improve Range of Motion (ROM), clinicians often create an internal focus of attention, while motor performance may improve more when using an external focus. OBJECTIVES Using Virtual Reality (VR), we investigated the effect of tasks with an internal and external focus on maximal ROM in people with neck pain and explored whether this effect was associated with fear of movement. METHOD In this cross-over experimental design study, the cervical ROM of 54 participants was measured while performing a target-seeking exercise in a VR-environment (external focus task) and during three maximal rotation and flexion-extension movements with the VR-headset on, without signal (internal focus task). The main statistical analysis included two dependent T-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate whether the differences in ROM in both conditions were correlated to fear of movement. RESULTS Maximal neck rotation was larger in the external focus condition than in the internal focus condition (mean difference: 26.4°, 95% CI [20.6, 32.3]; p < 0.001, d = 1.24). However, there was a difference favouring the internal focus condition for flexion-extension (mean difference: 8.2°, 95% CI [-14.9, -1.5]; p = 0.018, d = 0.33). The variability in ROM was not explained by variability in fear of movement (for all correlations p ≥ 0.197). CONCLUSION An external focus resulted in a larger range of rotation, but our flexion-extension findings suggest that the task has to be specific to elicit such an effect. Further research, using a task that sufficiently elicits movement in all directions, is needed to determine the value of an external focus during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Kragting
- Department of Physical Therapy, Research Centre for Health Care Innovations, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rochussenstraat 198, 3015 EK, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Annelies L Pool-Goudzwaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Somt University of Physiotherapy, Softwareweg 5, 3821 BN, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlotta Pezzica
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lennard Voogt
- Department of Physical Therapy, Research Centre for Health Care Innovations, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rochussenstraat 198, 3015 EK, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pain in Motion Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Menzies Health Insitute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, 170 Kessels Road, QLD, 4111, Nathan, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, 170 Kessels Road, QLD, 4111, Nathan, Australia.
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Kaye AD, Greene DR, Nguyen C, Ragland A, Granger MP, Wilhite WP, Dufrene K, Shekoohi S, Robinson CL. Emerging Medications and Strategies in Acute Pain Management: Evolving Role of Novel Sodium and Calcium Channel Blockers, Peptide-Based Pharmacologic Drugs, and Non-Medicinal Methods. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01265-z. [PMID: 38761297 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present investigation evaluated integration of novel medication technology to enhance treatment options, while improving patient outcomes in acute pain management. In this regard, we focused on determining the role of development and utilization of cutting-edge pharmaceutical advancements, such as targeted drug delivery systems, as well as non-pharmacologic interventions in addressing acute pain states. Further research in this area is warranted related to the need for increased patient comfort and reduced adverse effects. RECENT FINDINGS Recent innovations and techniques are discussed including pharmacologic drugs targeting sodium and calcium channels, peptide-based pharmacologic drugs, and non-medicinal methods of alleviating pain such as soothing music or virtual reality. The present investigation included review of current literature on the application of these innovative technologies, analyzing mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effectiveness. Our study also investigated the potential benefits in terms of pain relief, reduced side effects, and improved patient adherence. The research critically examines the challenges and considerations associated with implementing these technologies in acute pain management, considering factors like cost, accessibility, and regulatory aspects. Additionally, case studies and clinical trials are highlighted which demonstrate practical implications of these novel medication technologies in real-world scenarios. The findings aim to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape in acute pain management while guiding future research and clinical practices toward optimizing their use in enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Driskell R Greene
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, 70112, LA, USA
| | - Amanda Ragland
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Mason P Granger
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - William Peyton Wilhite
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Kylie Dufrene
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Christopher L Robinson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Ragnarsdottir H, Peterson G, Gislason MK, Oddsdottir GL, Peolsson A. The effect of a neck-specific exercise program on cervical kinesthesia for patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:346. [PMID: 38693515 PMCID: PMC11064421 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical kinesthesia is an important part of movement control and of great importance for daily function. Previous research on kinesthesia in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) has focused on grades I-II. More research is needed on WAD grade III. The aim of this study was to investigate cervical kinesthesia in individuals with WAD grades II-III before and after a neck-specific exercise intervention and compare them to healthy controls. METHODS A prospective, case-control study with a treatment arm (n = 30) and a healthy control arm (n = 30) was conducted in Sweden. The WAD group received a neck-specific exercise program for 12 weeks. The primary outcome to evaluate kinesthesia was neck movement control (the Fly test). Secondary outcomes were neck disability, dizziness and neck pain intensity before and after the Fly test. Outcomes were measured at baseline and post-treatment. The control arm underwent measurements at baseline except for the dizziness questionnaire. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate difference between groups (WAD and control) and over time, with difficulty level in the Fly test and gender as factors. RESULTS Between-group analysis showed statistically significant differences in three out of five kinesthetic metrics (p = 0.002 to 0.008), but not for the WAD-group follow-up versus healthy control baseline measurements. Results showed significant improvements for the WAD-group over time for three out of five kinaesthesia metrics (p < 0.001 to 0.008) and for neck disability (p < 0.001) and pain (p = 0.005), but not for dizziness (p = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS The exercise program shows promising results in improving kinesthesia and reducing neck pain and disability in the chronic WAD phase. Future research might benefit from focusing on adding kinesthetic exercises to the exercise protocol and evaluating its beneficial effects on dizziness or further improvement in kinesthesia. IMPACT STATEMENT Kinesthesia can be improved in chronic WAD patients without the use of specific kinesthetic exercises. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03664934), first registration approved 11/09/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpa Ragnarsdottir
- Research Centre of Movement Science, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Iceland, Stapi v/Hringbraut 31, Reykjavik, 101, IS, Iceland
- Elja Physiotherapy, Hafnafjordur, Iceland
| | - Gunnel Peterson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Gislason
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudny L Oddsdottir
- Research Centre of Movement Science, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Iceland, Stapi v/Hringbraut 31, Reykjavik, 101, IS, Iceland
| | - Anneli Peolsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Cerda IH, Therond A, Moreau S, Studer K, Donjow AR, Crowther JE, Mazzolenis ME, Lang M, Tolba R, Gilligan C, Ashina S, Kaye AD, Yong RJ, Schatman ME, Robinson CL. Telehealth and Virtual Reality Technologies in Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:83-94. [PMID: 38175490 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides medical practitioners with an overview of the present and emergent roles of telehealth and associated virtual reality (VR) applications in chronic pain (CP) management, particularly in the post-COVID-19 healthcare landscape. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulated evidence points to the efficacy of now well-established telehealth modalities, such as videoconferencing, short messaging service (SMS), and mobile health (mHealth) applications in complementing remote CP care. More recently, and although still in early phases of clinical implementation, a wide range of VR-based interventions have demonstrated potential for improving the asynchronous remote management of CP. Additionally, VR-associated technologies at the leading edge of science and engineering, such as VR-assisted biofeedback, haptic technology, high-definition three-dimensional (HD3D) conferencing, VR-enabled interactions in a Metaverse, and the use of wearable monitoring devices, herald a new era for remote, synchronous patient-physician interactions. These advancements hold the potential to facilitate remote physical examinations, personalized remote care, and innovative interventions such as ultra-realistic biofeedback. Despite the promise of VR-associated technologies, several limitations remain, including the paucity of robust long-term effectiveness data, heterogeneity of reported pain-related outcomes, challenges with scalability and insurance coverage, and demographic-specific barriers to patient acceptability. Future research efforts should be directed toward mitigating these limitations to facilitate the integration of telehealth-associated VR into the conventional management of CP. Despite ongoing barriers to widespread adoption, recent evidence suggests that VR-based interventions hold an increasing potential to complement and enhance the remote delivery of CP care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo H Cerda
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alexandra Therond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sacha Moreau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kachina Studer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jason E Crowther
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Mazzolenis
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, John A, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Lang
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reda Tolba
- Pain Management Department in the Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Christopher Gilligan
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sait Ashina
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - R Jason Yong
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health-Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Li R, Li Y, Kong Y, Li H, Hu D, Fu C, Wei Q. Virtual Reality-Based Training in Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45406. [PMID: 38407948 PMCID: PMC10928528 DOI: 10.2196/45406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is one of the most prevalent pain conditions worldwide. Virtual reality-based training has been used for low back pain as a new treatment strategy. Present evidence indicated that the effectiveness of virtual reality-based training for people with chronic low back pain is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the immediate- and short-term effects of virtual reality-based training on pain, pain-related fear, and disability in people with chronic low back pain. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases from inception until January 2024. Only randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of virtual reality-based training on individuals with chronic low back pain were selected. The outcomes were focused on pain, pain-related fear measured by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and disability measured by the Oswestry Disability Index. The immediate term was defined as the immediate period after intervention, and the short term was defined as 3 to 6 months after intervention. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach were used to evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence, respectively. RESULTS In total, 20 randomized controlled trials involving 1059 patients were eligible for analysis. Virtual reality-based training showed significant improvements in pain (mean difference [MD] -1.43; 95% CI -1.86 to -1.00; I2=95%; P<.001), pain-related fear using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (MD -5.46; 95% CI -9.40 to 1.52; I2=90%; P=.007), and disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (MD -11.50; 95% CI -20.00 to -3.01; I2=95%; P=.008) in individuals with chronic low back pain immediately after interventions. However, there were no significant differences observed in pain (P=.16), pain-related fear (P=.10), and disability (P=.43) in the short term. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that virtual reality-based training can be used effectively for individuals with chronic low back pain in the immediate term, especially to reduce pain, alleviate pain-related fear, and improve disability. However, the short-term benefits need more high-quality trials to be demonstrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021292633; http://tinyurl.com/25mydxpz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youli Kong
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanbin Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Danrong Hu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenying Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Moulaei K, Sharifi H, Bahaadinbeigy K, Dinari F. Efficacy of virtual reality-based training programs and games on the improvement of cognitive disorders in patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:116. [PMID: 38342912 PMCID: PMC10860230 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairments present challenges for patients, impacting memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities. Virtual reality (VR) offers innovative ways to enhance cognitive function and well-being. This study explores the effects of VR-based training programs and games on improving cognitive disorders. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched until May 20, 2023. Two researchers selected and extracted data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resolving disagreements through consultation with two other authors. Inclusion criteria required studies of individuals with any cognitive disorder engaged in at least one VR-based training session, reporting cognitive impairment data via scales like the MMSE. Only English-published RCTs were considered, while exclusion criteria included materials not primarily focused on the intersection of VR and cognitive disorders. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the MMAT tool. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. The collected data were utilized to calculate the standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) between the treatment and control groups. The heterogeneity variance was estimated using the Q test and I2 statistic. The analysis was conducted using Stata version 17.0. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the analysis out of a total of 3,157 retrieved articles. VR had a statistically significant improvement in cognitive impairments among patients (Hedges's g = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.68; p_value = 0.05). games (Hedges's g = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.39; p_value = 0.20) had a more significant impact on cognitive impairment improvement compared to cognitive training programs (Hedges's g = 0.29, 95% CI: -0.11, 0.69; p_value = 0.24). The type of VR intervention was a significant moderator of the heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION VR-based interventions have demonstrated promise in enhancing cognitive function and addressing cognitive impairment, highlighting their potential as valuable tools in improving care for individuals with cognitive disorders. The findings underscore the relevance of incorporating virtual reality into therapeutic approaches for cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Moulaei
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dinari
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Kleiner I, Mor L, Friedman M, Abeid AA, Shoshan NB, Toledano E, Bar J, Weiner E, Barda G. The use of virtual reality during extra-amniotic balloon insertion for pain and anxiety relief-a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101222. [PMID: 37951577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of labor with an extra-amniotic balloon catheter is a procedure commonly associated with maternal discomfort, pain, and anxiety. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the distractive effect of virtual reality technology on pain and anxiety among pregnant patients who underwent induction of labor with an extra-amniotic balloon catheter. STUDY DESIGN In this randomized controlled trial, pregnant patients who were undergoing planned induction of labor using an extra-amniotic balloon catheter at term for various obstetrical indications were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio into 2 groups. Patients in the virtual reality group were exposed to a virtual reality technology clip (using SootheVR All-In-One virtual reality care system for pain and anxiety) during the entire extra-amniotic balloon catheter insertion, whereas patients in the control group received the institutional standard care for extra-amniotic balloon catheter insertion. Pain scores, expressed as visual analog scale scores, and maternal hemodynamic parameters were obtained before, during, and after extra-amniotic balloon catheter insertion. Anxiety was evaluated using the validated State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale before and after the procedure. Maternal satisfaction with the virtual reality technology was also recorded. The primary outcome was the change in visual analog scale score before and during extra-amniotic balloon catheter insertion. Among the secondary outcomes was the change in anxiety levels before and after extra-amniotic balloon catheter insertion. The study was powered to detect a 25% decrease in the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 132 pregnant patients were recruited (66 in each group). There were no differences between groups in terms of age, body mass index, gestational age at enrollment, indication for induction of labor, and preprocedural visual analog scale score and anxiety levels. The change in visual analog scale score (maximal visual analog scale score during the procedure minus the initial visual analog scale score before the procedure, ie, the primary outcome) was significantly lower in the virtual reality group than in the control group (2.78±3.0 vs 4.09±2.99; P=.01). In addition, the virtual reality group experienced a higher rate of anxiety relief, expressed as the difference between the preprocedure and postprocedure State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale scores (-6.46±9.6 vs -2.01±9.11; P=.007). Patients in the virtual reality group reported a very high overall (94%) satisfaction score. CONCLUSION In this randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that the use of virtual reality technology among patients who underwent induction of labor using an extra-amniotic balloon catheter was associated with lower visual analog scale scores during the procedure and a significant reduction in anxiety than patients who received standard care. There was also a very high satisfaction rate with the use of virtual reality technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Kleiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel.
| | - Liat Mor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Matan Friedman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Amir Abu Abeid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Noa Ben Shoshan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Ella Toledano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Eran Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Giulia Barda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
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12
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Benazzouz I, Bouhnik C, Chapron A, Esvan M, Lavoué V, Brun T. Effects of virtual reality on pain during intrauterine device insertions: A randomized controlled trial. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102706. [PMID: 38013014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The trial aimed to compare the pain perceived by women during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, with or without virtual reality (VR) therapy. Furthermore, anxiety during the insertions, pain after the insertions, and satisfaction with the insertions were compared. METHODS The trial was designed as a prospective, bi-centric, randomized, open-label interventional trial. All adult women that chose an IUD during a contraceptive consultation, and who provided informed consent were eligible. Women under legal guardianship, not affiliated to a national social security system, and with pre-existing dizziness, severe facial wounds, or epilepsy were not eligible. Eligible women were randomly allocated either standard care without VR therapy (Control group) or with VR therapy (Experimental group). Pain, anxiety, and satisfaction were measured using a 10-cm numerical scale. RESULTS Between September 2020 and April 2022, 100 women were randomized: 50 to each group. The mean pain scores during IUD insertion were 5.4 cm in the Control group versus 5.1 cm in the Experimental group (p = 0.54). Mean anxiety during insertion were 4.8 cm in the Control group versus 4.2 cm in the Experimental group (p = 0.13). While mean pain perceived after insertions were 2.4 cm in the Control Group and 2.4 cm in the Experimental group (p = 0.98). Mean satisfaction with the insertions was 9.6 cm in both groups (p = 0.87). Anxiety before IUD insertion, as well as anticipated pain, were significantly correlated with pain perceived during insertions. CONCLUSIONS VR therapy performed during the procedure did not alleviate perceived pain in women undergoing IUD insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Benazzouz
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Department of General Practice, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Céline Bouhnik
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Department of General Practice, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anthony Chapron
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Department of General Practice, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, F-35000 Rennes, France; INSERM, CIC-1414, Primary Care Research Team, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Esvan
- INSERM, CIC-1414, Primary Care Research Team, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lavoué
- University of Rennes, Service de Gynécologie, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Tiffany Brun
- CHU de Rennes, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine, F-35033, Rennes, France
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Wu Q, Han R, Li Z, Huang X, Cheng D, Ni J, Zhang S, Tan X, Kang P, Yu S, Chen A, Lu Y, Yao F, Jin Z, Qin Y, Guo J, Liu D, Zhang Y, Song Y, Zhu L, Lu Q, Chen Q, Lin C, Fang Q, Maimaitikasimu M, Wu J, Jia W, Sheng B, Wang J, Li H. Effect of virtual reality-based exercise and physical exercise on adolescents with overweight and obesity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075332. [PMID: 37821136 PMCID: PMC10582966 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that has affected many adolescents in recent decades. Clinical practice guidelines recommend exercise as the key treatment option for adolescents with overweight and obesity. However, the effects of virtual reality (VR) exercise on the physical and brain health of adolescents with overweight and obese remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of physical and VR exercises on physical and brain outcomes and explore the differences in benefits between them. Moreover, we will apply a multiomics analysis to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of physical and VR exercises on adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This randomised controlled clinical trial will include 220 adolescents with overweight and obesity aged between 11 and 17 years. The participants will be randomised into five groups after screening. Participants in the exercise groups will perform an exercise programme by adding physical or VR table tennis or soccer classes to routine physical education classes in schools three times a week for 8 weeks. Participants in the control group will maintain their usual physical activity. The primary outcome will be the change in body fat mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The secondary outcomes will include changes in other physical health-related parameters, brain health-related parameters and multiomics variables. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Dissemination of the findings will include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and media releases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2300068786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhe Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunan Tan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Piao Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anran Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangshu Yao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Jin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxia Song
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Shanghai Bao Shan Middle School, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Shanghai Bao Shan Middle School, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiandi Chen
- Shanghai Qiu Zhen Middle School, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qichen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Singh N, Jung MJ, Yusuf F, Khan A, Su T, Glinka-Przybysz A, Taylor SL. The use of immersive audiovisual distraction with virtual reality during pain procedures: a randomized controlled trial. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2023; 24:1204-1206. [PMID: 37208171 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naileshni Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Michael J Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Fatima Yusuf
- California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA 93611, United States
| | - Almas Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Tiffany Su
- Pain Management Physician, Chronic Pain Wellness Center, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85015, United States
| | - Allison Glinka-Przybysz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
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15
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Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhang S. Exploring the latest advancements in physical therapy techniques for treating cervical spondylosis patients: A narrative review. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:752-759. [PMID: 37212037 PMCID: PMC10494843 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cervical spondylosis is a widespread medical condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Treatment options include surgical and conservative approaches, with conservative treatment often being the preferred choice. Rehabilitation therapy is an essential component of conservative treatment, and advancements in technology have the way to the development of new physiotherapy techniques. The effectiveness of treatment largely hinges on the patient's ability to improve their dysfunction. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the use of new physical therapy techniques, such as Sling Exercises Training (SET), fascia manipulation, muscle energy technique (MET), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), that aid the rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis. By scrutinizing the current research status of these techniques, this study aims to present innovative ideas enhancing the rehabilitation process and outcomes for patients suffering from cervical spondylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzheng Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shuna Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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Luca A, Giorgino R. Augmented and virtual reality in spine surgery. J Orthop 2023; 43:30-35. [PMID: 37555206 PMCID: PMC10405158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have developed unprecedentedly in recent years, providing interesting opportunities for medical applications. Their integration into clinical assessment, surgical workflow, and training has shown tremendous potential to improve daily life activity in spine surgery. The paper explores the utilization of VR and AR in spine surgery, with their applications, benefits, challenges, and forthcoming prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca
- Spine Unit III, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giorgino
- Residency Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20141, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
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Bilika P, Karampatsou N, Stavrakakis G, Paliouras A, Theodorakis Y, Strimpakos N, Kapreli E. Virtual Reality-Based Exercise Therapy for Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2412. [PMID: 37685446 PMCID: PMC10487144 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify interventions utilizing virtual-reality-based exercise therapy in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Searches were conducted in four databases using descriptors related to virtual reality, exercise, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the studies to assess eligibility, with a third author resolving any discrepancies. Data were extracted and summarized in a narrative format by three independent raters. Clinical trials were evaluated using the PEDro scale to assess the effectiveness of virtual-reality-based exercise therapy in chronic musculoskeletal pain patients. A total of 162 articles were identified from the databases. After applying the inclusion criteria, nine articles were considered suitable for analysis, including six randomized clinical trials. The selected articles were categorized based on study characteristics, virtual-reality-based exercise therapy interventions (including technologies and equipment used), exercise interventions, outcome measures, and effectiveness. The findings indicate that virtual-reality-based exercise therapy shows promising results in reducing pain, improving disability, enhancing range of motion, and increasing treatment satisfaction in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, it is not possible to conclude that virtual-reality-based exercise therapy is superior to other treatments due to the limited number of available studies, heterogeneity in application protocols, and varying methodological quality. Further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Bilika
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece (G.S.); (A.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Natalia Karampatsou
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece (G.S.); (A.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Giorgos Stavrakakis
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece (G.S.); (A.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Achilleas Paliouras
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece (G.S.); (A.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Exercise Psychology & Quality of Life Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Strimpakos
- Health Assessment and Quality of Life Research Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Honorary Research Associate, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eleni Kapreli
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece (G.S.); (A.P.); (E.K.)
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Viderman D, Tapinova K, Dossov M, Seitenov S, Abdildin YG. Virtual reality for pain management: an umbrella review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1203670. [PMID: 37521355 PMCID: PMC10382225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1203670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Virtual reality is a promising pain control strategy for various pain conditions. This umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aims to evaluate the analgesic effects of virtual reality. Methods We searched for the relevant reviews in Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane library. Our primary outcome was pain, with secondary outcomes including disability, general health status, patient satisfaction, depression, balance, fear of movement, and adverse events. The quality of included articles was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results 21 systematic reviews and meta-analyses with 274 studies and 17,680 patients were included in this review. All the reviews concluded benefits of virtual reality in managing pain conditions, including chronic and pain. Discussion and conclusions This umbrella review demonstrates successful application of virtual reality in pain control, including perioperative, periprocedural, and chronic pain settings. Virtual reality can be used as an alternative therapy for pain management in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Viderman
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Research Oncology Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Karina Tapinova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Dossov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Presidential Hospital, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Seitenov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Presidential Hospital, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerkin G. Abdildin
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Ahmed H, Mushahid H, Shuja MH. Virtual reality therapy: A promising solution to chronic pain management amidst an opioid crisis. J Glob Health 2023; 13:03033. [PMID: 37350083 PMCID: PMC10288169 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
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20
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Guerra-Armas J, Flores-Cortes M, Pineda-Galan C, Luque-Suarez A, La Touche R. Role of Immersive Virtual Reality in Motor Behaviour Decision-Making in Chronic Pain Patients. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040617. [PMID: 37190582 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary chronic pain is a major contributor to disability worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 20-33% of the world's population. The high socio-economic impact of musculoskeletal pain justifies seeking an appropriate therapeutic strategy. Immersive virtual reality (VR) has been proposed as a first-line intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, the growing literature has not been accompanied by substantial progress in understanding how VR exerts its impact on the pain experience and what neurophysiological mechanisms might be involved in the clinical effectiveness of virtual reality interventions in chronic pain patients. The aim of this review is: (i) to establish the state of the art on the effects of VR on patients with chronic pain; (ii) to identify neuroplastic changes associated with chronic pain that may be targeted by VR intervention; and (iii) to propose a hypothesis on how immersive virtual reality could modify motor behavioral decision-making through an interactive experience in patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Guerra-Armas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mar Flores-Cortes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Luque-Suarez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de la Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Dolor Craneofacial y Neuromusculoesquelético (INDCRAN), 28008 Madrid, Spain
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Trinidad-Fernández M, Bossavit B, Salgado-Fernández J, Abbate-Chica S, Fernández-Leiva AJ, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Head-Mounted Display for Clinical Evaluation of Neck Movement Validation with Meta Quest 2. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3077. [PMID: 36991788 PMCID: PMC10056752 DOI: 10.3390/s23063077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neck disorders have a significant impact on people because of their high incidence. The head-mounted display (HMD) systems, such as Meta Quest 2, grant access to immersive virtual reality (iRV) experiences. This study aims to validate the Meta Quest 2 HMD system as an alternative for screening neck movement in healthy people. The device provides data about the position and orientation of the head and, thus, the neck mobility around the three anatomical axes. The authors develop a VR application that solicits participants to perform six neck movements (rotation, flexion, and lateralization on both sides), which allows the collection of corresponding angles. An InertiaCube3 inertial measurement unit (IMU) is also attached to the HMD to compare the criterion to a standard. The mean absolute error (MAE), the percentage of error (%MAE), and the criterion validity and agreement are calculated. The study shows that the average absolute errors do not exceed 1° (average = 0.48 ± 0.09°). The rotational movement's average %MAE is 1.61 ± 0.82%. The head orientations obtain a correlation between 0.70 and 0.96. The Bland-Altman study reveals good agreement between the HMD and IMU systems. Overall, the study shows that the angles provided by the Meta Quest 2 HMD system are valid to calculate the rotational angles of the neck in each of the three axes. The obtained results demonstrate an acceptable error percentage and a very minimal absolute error when measuring the degrees of neck rotation; therefore, the sensor can be used for screening neck disorders in healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Trinidad-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Benoît Bossavit
- ITIS Software, Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Salgado-Fernández
- Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Diseño y Proyectos, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Susana Abbate-Chica
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Fernández-Leiva
- ITIS Software, Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA), Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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22
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Yuan J, Hassan SS, Wu J, Koger CR, Packard RRS, Shi F, Fei B, Ding Y. Extended reality for biomedicine. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2023; 3:15. [PMID: 37051227 PMCID: PMC10088349 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-023-00208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Extended reality (XR) refers to an umbrella of methods that allows users to be immersed in a three-dimensional (3D) or a 4D (spatial + temporal) virtual environment to different extents, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). While VR allows a user to be fully immersed in a virtual environment, AR and MR overlay virtual objects over the real physical world. The immersion and interaction of XR provide unparalleled opportunities to extend our world beyond conventional lifestyles. While XR has extensive applications in fields such as entertainment and education, its numerous applications in biomedicine create transformative opportunities in both fundamental research and healthcare. This Primer outlines XR technology from instrumentation to software computation methods, delineating the biomedical applications that have been advanced by state-of-the-art techniques. We further describe the technical advances overcoming current limitations in XR and its applications, providing an entry point for professionals and trainees to thrive in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Sohail S. Hassan
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Casey R. Koger
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - René R. Sevag Packard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA United States
- Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Baowei Fei
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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23
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Sokołowska B. Impact of Virtual Reality Cognitive and Motor Exercises on Brain Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4150. [PMID: 36901160 PMCID: PMC10002333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Innovative technologies of the 21st century have an extremely significant impact on all activities of modern humans. Among them, virtual reality (VR) offers great opportunities for scientific research and public health. The results of research to date both demonstrate the beneficial effects of using virtual worlds, and indicate undesirable effects on bodily functions. This review presents interesting recent findings related to training/exercise in virtual environments and its impact on cognitive and motor functions. It also highlights the importance of VR as an effective tool for assessing and diagnosing these functions both in research and modern medical practice. The findings point to the enormous future potential of these rapidly developing innovative technologies. Of particular importance are applications of virtual reality in basic and clinical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sokołowska
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Giravi HY, Biskupiak Z, Tyler LS, Bulaj G. Adjunct Digital Interventions Improve Opioid-Based Pain Management: Impact of Virtual Reality and Mobile Applications on Patient-Centered Pharmacy Care. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:884047. [PMID: 35770137 PMCID: PMC9234128 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.884047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital therapeutics (DTx, mobile medical apps, software as a medical device) are rapidly emerging as clinically effective treatments for diverse chronic diseases. For example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently authorized a prescription virtual reality (VR) app for treatment of moderate to severe low back pain. The FDA has also approved an adjunct digital therapy in conjunction with buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, further illustrating opportunities to integrate digital therapeutics with pharmacotherapies. There are ongoing needs to disseminate knowledge about advances in digital interventions among health care professionals, policymakers, and the public at large. This mini-review summarizes accumulating clinical evidence of digital interventions delivered via virtual reality and mobile apps to improve opioid-based analgesia. We identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Embase and PubMed databases which reported pain scores with a validated pain scale (e.g., visual analog scales, graphic rating scale, numeric rating scale) and use of a digital intervention in conjunction with opiates. Among identified RCTs, the majority of studies reported improved pain scores in the digital intervention group, as compared to “treatment as usual” group. Our work suggests that VR and mobile apps can be used as adjunct digital therapies for pain management. We discuss these findings in the context of how digital health technologies can transform patient-centered pharmacy care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam Y. Giravi
- University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Hayam Y. Giravi
| | - Zack Biskupiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, L.S. Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Linda S. Tyler
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, L.S. Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, L.S. Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Grzegorz Bulaj
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Temporal Development of Sense of Presence and Cybersickness during an Immersive VR Experience. MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERACTION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/mti6050031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the advances in modern head-mounted displays, research exploring the human experience of virtual environments has seen a surge in interest. Researchers have examined how to promote individuals’ sense of presence, i.e., their experience of “being” in the VE, as well as to diminish the negative side effects of cybersickness. Studies investigating the relationship between sense of presence and cybersickness have reported heterogeneous results. Authors that found a positive relation have argued that the phenomena have shared cognitive underpinnings. However, recent literature has reported that positive associations can be explained by the confounding factor of immersion. The current study aims to investigate how cybersickness and sense of presence are associated and develop over time. During the experiment, participants were exposed to a virtual roller coaster and presented orally with questions aimed to quantify their perceived sense of presence and cybersickness. The results of the experiment indicate that cybersickness and sense of presence are both modulated by the time spent in the virtual setting. The utilized short measures for sense of presence and cybersickness were found to be reliable alternatives to multi-item questionnaires.
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