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Xie X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lin X, Huang M, Fu H, Ma Y, Chen R, Wang X, Tang J. Associations of diet quality and daily free sugar intake with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:550-558. [PMID: 38220116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing diet quality has been challenging, and the associations of diet quality and daily free sugar intake with depressive and/or anxiety symptoms have shown inconsistency. METHODS A total of 1749 students aged 12-16 years were recruited using stratified random cluster sampling across three cities in China. The overall Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score, a novel indicator of diet quality, was constructed using the low-burden Diet Quality Questionnaire. Free sugar intake, including from beverages and foods, was measured using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Daily free sugar intake was divided into low, medium, and high categories based on the latest version of the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents. Binomial and multinominal logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations of the overall GDR score and daily free sugar intake categories or different sources of free sugar intake with depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. RESULTS The overall GDR score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio[aOR] = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.98) and anxiety symptoms (0.95, 0.90-0.99), particularly with comorbid depression and anxiety (0.90, 0.84-0.97). Conversely, daily free sugar intake was positively associated with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, the multiple aOR for symptoms depression or anxiety were significantly increased with higher daily free sugar intake (all Ptrend < 0.05). Both free sugar from beverages and from foods were positively associated with depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. These associations were consistent between males and females. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and self-reported symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Diet quality was negatively associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety, especially with comorbid symptoms among adolescents. Daily free sugar intake, regardless of its sources, was positively associated with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihang Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 510620 Guangzhou, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China.
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Park K, Chang H, Hong JP, Kim MH, Park S, Jung JY, Kim D, Hahm BJ, An JH. The Effect of Time Spent on Online Gaming on Problematic Game Use in Male: Moderating Effects of Loneliness, Living Alone, and Household Size. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:181-190. [PMID: 38433417 PMCID: PMC10910165 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between gaming time and problematic game use (PGU) within a large sample of Korean male gamers and to examine the potential moderating effects of loneliness, living alone, and household size. METHODS This study employed data from 743 male gamers from the National Mental Health Survey 2021, a nationally representative survey of mental illness conducted in South Korea. Self-reported data on the average gaming time per day, severity of PGU, loneliness, living alone, and household size were used. RESULTS Gaming time was positively associated with PGU and this relationship was significantly moderated by loneliness such that the positive effect of gaming time on PGU was greater when the levels of loneliness were high. The three-way interaction effect of gaming time, loneliness, and living alone was also significant, in that the moderating effect of loneliness on the relationship between gaming time and PGU was significant only in the living alone group. However, household size (i.e., number of housemates) did not moderate the interaction between gaming time and loneliness among gamers living with housemates. CONCLUSION These results suggest the importance of considering loneliness and living arrangements of male gamers, in addition to gaming time, in identifying and intervening with individuals at heightened risk of PGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongwoo Park
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Chang
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun An
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang J, Moser DK, Lennie TA, Chung ML, Thomas DT, Biddle MJ. Diet Quality Mediates the Relationship Between Chronic Stress and Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024:00005082-990000000-00159. [PMID: 38192030 PMCID: PMC11231055 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is associated with promotion of inflammation and development of metabolic syndrome, as well as deterioration of diet quality. Inflammation can be modified by changes in dietary intake. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that diet quality mediates the relationship of chronic stress with inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 73, 62 ± 12 years old, 71% female) completed questionnaires on chronic stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2020). The Perceived Stress Scale-10 was dichotomized. The Healthy Eating Index-2020 score was used as a continuous variable, and higher scores indicate better diet quality. Inflammation was assessed using plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (log-transformed). We used PROCESS in SPSS to test the hypothesis. RESULTS Patients in the higher stress group had lower Healthy Eating Index-2020 scores (worse diet quality) than those in the lower stress group (57 ± 13 vs 64 ± 10, P = .01). Diet quality mediated the relationship between chronic stress and inflammation (indirect effect, 0.211; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, 0.006-0.496). Higher stress was associated with lower diet quality (effect, -7.152; 95% confidence interval, -13.168 to -1.137) that was associated with increased inflammation (effect, -0.030; 95% confidence interval, -0.052 to -0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the important role of diet quality in the relationship of chronic stress with inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome. Healthcare providers should encourage patients with higher stress to improve diet quality, which can decrease inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHee Kang
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd, Suite 403, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
| | - Debra K. Moser
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd, Suite 403, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
| | - Terry A. Lennie
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 751 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Misook L. Chung
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd, Suite 403, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
| | - D. Travis Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 214D, Wethington Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Martha J. Biddle
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd, Suite 403, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
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Kim MJ, Park JE, Park JH. Associations of Healthy Eating Behavior with Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:5111. [PMID: 38140370 PMCID: PMC10746005 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy eating behaviors may be related to mental health and health-related quality of life. This study investigates the associations between diet quality, mental health, and health-related quality of life among men and women in Korea. METHODS A total of 6823 participants, aged 19, from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018 were included. Their overall diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associations between diet quality, mental health, and quality of life. RESULTS The prevalence of stress perception and depression was highest in the lowest tertile of the KHEI score and higher for women than men. Among men, a significant association was observed only for stress perception and depressive symptoms in the second tertile, with odds ratios of 0.745 (95% CI, 0.585-0.949) and 0.519 (95% CI, 0.275-0.980). In contrast, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for stress perception, depressive symptoms, and low EQ-5D index among women in the highest tertile were 0.668 (95% CI, 0.541-0.823), 0.464 (95% CI, 0.288-0.746), and 0.722 (95% CI, 0.566-0.920), and significant dose-response associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS A higher-quality diet was associated with a lower risk of stress and depression and a better quality of life. Thus, healthy eating behaviors may improve mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Convergence, Chungbuk National University Graduate School, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Hyock Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Ekinci GN, Sanlier N. The relationship between nutrition and depression in the life process: A mini-review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112072. [PMID: 36565729 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading health problems, and >300 million people have a major depressive disorder and this number is getting increasing. Depression complicates the management of existing chronic diseases and the management of complications that may arise. A person's mental state can affect their food preferences, and food preferences can also affect their mental state. In this paper, depression and eating behavior, diet quality, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, selenium, zinc and copper, prebiotics and probiotics are discussed. Research on the subject emphasizes that diet quality may also affect the occurrence of depression. However, studies also indicated that dietary nutrients such as folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, selenium, and magnesium might be associated with the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülseren Nur Ekinci
- Ankara Medipol University, School of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Ankara Medipol University, School of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey.
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