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Rolison JJ, Freund AM. What is the psychology of aging? Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 58:101824. [PMID: 38981372 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
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Watanabe R, Tsuji T, Ide K, Saito M, Shinozaki T, Satake S, Kondo K. Comparison of the Incidence of Functional Disability Correlated With Social Participation Among Older Adults in Japan. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:104932. [PMID: 38336357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japan, which has the world's longest life expectancy, has been reporting rejuvenation of physical function among its older adult population. However, evidence for the incidence of functional disability is limited. This study aimed to investigate the comparison in the incidence of functional disability. DESIGN We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The participants were 2 nonoverlapping cohorts of 22,522 (2010-2013 cohort) and 26,284 (2016-2019 cohort) individuals aged 65 years and older from 5 municipalities who were followed for 3 years each. METHODS The incidence rates of functional disability during the 3-year follow-up period were compared between cohorts. To examine the incident differences between the cohorts, we adjusted for social participation and 9 additional factors that would be expected to improve with social participation using the Weibull survival models adjusting for municipalities as random effects. The analysis was stratified by age groups (65-74 years old and ≥75). RESULTS The incidence rate of functional disability per 10,000 person-years decreased from 68.6 (2010-2013 cohort) to 51.4 (2016-2019 cohort) in the 65 to 74 years old group and 380.0 (2010-2013 cohort) to 282.6 (2016-2019 cohort) in the ≥75 group; the hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.75 (0.64-0.89) and 0.73 (0.67-0.80), respectively. However, these significant decreases disappeared with adjustments for social participation and additional factors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The incidence of functional disability decreased in a recent cohort, which may be explained by social participation and possibly related factors. Promoting social participation could contribute to a decreasing incidence of functional disability among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Watanabe
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan; Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Frailty Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ide
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashige Saito
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan; Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama-cho, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosuke Satake
- Department of Frailty Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
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Lloyd RJ, Smith S, Sahingil D. Physical literacy, health and interactive aging: a position paper. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1346802. [PMID: 38600905 PMCID: PMC11004233 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1346802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical literacy (PL), a concept commonly associated with the early years, physical education, and youth sport development, can become a meaningful determinant of health and longevity for the adult and older adult population. A review of 55 recent publications from 2018 to 2023 that encompassed physical literacy conceptual frameworks, assessments, and intervention-based studies was undertaken through an heuristic inspired by the philosophy which gave birth to PL. With particular interest in how PL has evolved in response to the needs of an aging population, this position paper tracks a key shift in focus from the individual to the relational context. It references positive interaction and social participation in recent models as significant features of an across-the-lifespan PL perspective.The concluding position is that fostering joyful inter-action be at the heart of PL promotion, resource development and assessment practices, especially in the case of an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Lloyd
- Interdisciplinary Function2Flow Research Unit, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Smith
- Interdisciplinary Function2Flow Research Unit, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Derya Sahingil
- Interdisciplinary Function2Flow Research Unit, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Uchida Y, Kanamori M, Fukushima S, Takemura K. Interdependent culture and older adults' well-being: Health and psychological happiness in Japanese communities. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101729. [PMID: 38096782 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This review article examined perspectives on the well-being and health of older adults in Japan, a nation renowned for its longevity. We emphasized the impact of social capital and social relationships in local communities, considering both individual and societal factors. The prevailing values in Japanese culture tend to foster a sustained and stable form of interdependent happiness among older adults, suggesting that communal support systems play an important role. This article highlights the value of multi-level datasets, such as the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) dataset, for understanding the influence of social participation on the health and well-being of older adults. A growing body of evidence underscores the central role of social relationships in the health and well-being of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Uchida
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mariko Kanamori
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Fukushima
- School of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang H, Tsuji T, Ide K, Nakagomi A, Ling L, Kondo K. Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3-year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6033. [PMID: 38038625 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Living a happy life is an essential issue for old adults. However, how eating with others contributes to happiness and whether this association is different by living arrangements or not is unknown. The current study examined the relationship between the frequency of eating with others and happiness among older adults according to their living arrangements using 3-year longitudinal data. METHODS The analyzed sample comprised 18,727 people (10,920 males and 7807 females) with low happiness (0-7 points on score of 0-10 points) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2016. Our exposure was the frequency of eating with others: rarely, a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more. We performed Modified Poisson Regression to examine the association between the frequency of eating with others and high happiness (8-10 points) in 2019 stratified by living arrangement (living alone/with others). RESULTS A total of 4352 (23.2%) people showed high happiness in 2019. After adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household income, social participation, illnesses under treatment, and depressive symptoms in 2016, the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) for high happiness in 2019 among people living alone was more significant, that is, 1.28 (95% confidence intervals: 0.88-1.87), 1.50 (1.05-2.14), and 1.82 (1.26-2.63), than 1.28 (1.11-1.48), 1.30 (1.12-1.50), and 1.33 (1.16-1.52) among people living with others for those who ate with others a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more compared to those who rarely ate with others, respectively. The interaction between the frequency of eating with others and living arrangements was statistically significant. The trend test showed that higher frequency of eating with others was significantly associated with high happiness. CONCLUSIONS Eating with others was associated with improved happiness among older adults, with such an association being stronger among people living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Wang
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ide
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Community General Support, Hasegawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagomi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ling Ling
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Koga T, Okubo R, Chen C, Hagiwara K, Mizumoto T, Nakagawa S, Tabuchi T. Associations of parent-child exercise with family relations and parental mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:551-558. [PMID: 36623559 PMCID: PMC9816069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to COVID-19 pandemic and behavior restrictions, deterioration of family relations and mental health in child-rearing households has been reported. This study examined whether frequent parent-child exercise (PCE) is associated with improved family relations and parental mental health under COVID-19. METHODS Using data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), a nationwide survey conducted in August-September 2020, we extracted respondents with children aged 6 to 18 years (n = 2960). Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between PCE frequency and changes in family relations and parental mental health. RESULTS Compared with participants with 6-12-years old children, those with 13-18-years old children reported less PCE. Among participants with 6-12-years old children, compared to those without PCE, those conducted PCE more than once per week reported more improved relation with children and greater happiness (ORs ≥ 1.69), controlling covariates. Those conducted PCE 3 or more times a week also reported decreased loneliness (OR = 0.68). Whereas PCE conducted 1-2 times a month was not associated with any changes in participants with children of 6-12-years old, it was associated with more improved relations with children and spouses in participants with children of 13-18-years old (ORs ≥ 1.98). DISCUSSION This study is the first to investigate the association of PCE with family relations and parental mental health under COVID-19. Our results suggest that PCE may enhance family relations and parental mental health and the effect may differ according to child's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Koga
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Obihiro Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Chong Chen
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Hagiwara
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizumoto
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Ekadinata N, Hsu HC, Chuang YC, Chao SF. Effects of types and levels of social capital on emotional well-being for older people in Indonesia: A longitudinal study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5891. [PMID: 36809554 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different types and levels of social capital and emotional well-being in older adults in Indonesia by a longitudinal data. METHODS The fourth and the fifth waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey data were used for this study. The participants aged 60 years or older who participated in both waves were included for analysis (n = 1374). Depressive symptoms and happiness were used to assess emotional well-being. Cognitive social capital (neighborhood trust) and structural social capital (participating in arisan, community meetings, volunteers, village improvement programs, and religious activities) were the main independent variables. The generalized estimating equations model was used for analysis. RESULTS Participation in arisan (B = -0.534) and attending religious activities (B = -0.591) were related to lower depressive symptoms, but the effect of religious activities would offset over time. Both a low or high social participation showed protective effects on depressive symptoms at the intercept and the time slope. Having higher neighborhood trust was related to more chance of feeling very happy (OR = 1.518). CONCLUSION Structural social capital is protective from depressive symptoms, while cognitive social capital contributes to happiness. Facilitating social participation and improving neighborhood trust through policies and programs is suggested to promote emotional well-being for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chuan Hsu
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Health Equity, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chuang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Health Equity, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Fang Chao
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang KC, Chen HS, Wu CS, Chang CK, Hwang JJ, Huang SH, Chen YM, Cheng BW, Weng MH, Hsu CC, Huang WL. Evaluation of the optimal cutoff number of types of social participation activities in older people. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00036-0. [PMID: 36788044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social participation activities have a close association with health aging. However, the clinical significance of numbers of social participation activities and its cutoff value has not been defined. METHODS We recruited 516 people aged ≥55 years. Twelve social participation behaviors modified according to Taiwanese culture were investigated, and the adequacy of cutoff number was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) according to the results of cluster analysis of individual activities and scores of the Brief Symptom Rating Scale-5 (BSRS-5) and the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI). Demographic, BSRS-5 and CHI data were then compared according to the candidate cutoff numbers. RESULTS The distribution of the numbers of social activities suggested that the highest partition of numbers of social activities was 3 in women and 4 in men. The AUC regarding the cluster of activity types was 0.917, with the highest Youden's J value located between 3 and 4. The AUC regarding the cluster of activity types and scores of the BSRS-5 and the CHI was 0.929, with similar cutoffs. If 3 and 4 were used as cutoffs, the between-group differences of both the CHI and the BSRS-5 were significant. More types of social activities had a different engaging frequency with the 3 and 4 cutoffs. CONCLUSION Our findings found an adequate cutoff with better differential power in the psychopathology and happiness of older people that provided a basis for application in intervention and policy formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Chang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shui Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan; National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Wen Cheng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiu Weng
- Graduate School of Applied Chinese Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Hart PD. Initial Assessment of a Brief Health, Fitness, and Spirituality Survey for Epidemiological Research: A Pilot Study. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:119-126. [PMID: 36628178 PMCID: PMC9798877 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Not many population-based health studies include items to assess both fitness and spirituality concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine initial data of a brief health, fitness, and spirituality survey for epidemiological research. Methods This first phase pilot study used data from N = 56 adults 18+ years of age via electronic questionnaire. Measures of general health, fitness, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), religiosity, and happiness were assessed. Reliability analyses were employed for PA, religiosity, and happiness scales. Validity coefficients were computed to evaluate convergence between scale scores and related measures. Finally, difference in health was examined between different levels of fitness to evaluate known groups discrimination. Results Respondents were middle-aged (Mean = 50.5 yr, SD = 14.3), majority white (69.5%, SD = 6.2), with relatively low BMI (Mean = 25.3, SD = 5.3). All three scales showed internal consistency reliability of α = 0.93, α = 0.89, and KR-20 = 0.56 for religiosity, happiness, and PA, respectively. Furthermore, scores converged (ps < 0.05) between fitness and PA (r = 0.43), health (r = 0.66), BMI (r = -0.28), and happiness (r = 0.25). Finally, health scores were significantly greater for high fitness versus low fitness in both male (p < 0.001) and female (p = 0.015) populations. Conclusion Results from this study indicate that a brief health, fitness, and spirituality survey can reliably measure its intended traits. A single-item of self-assessed fitness in particular has promise for large scale epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Hart
- Health Promotion Research, Havre, MT, USA,Corresponding author: Peter D. Hart Health Promotion Research, Havre, MT 59501-7751, USA Tel: 1-406-301-1043 E-mail:
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