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Puxeddu S, Scano A, Scorciapino MA, Delogu I, Vascellari S, Ennas G, Manzin A, Angius F. Physico-Chemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ozonated Oils: The Case Study of Commercial Ozonated Olive and Sunflower Seed Refined Oils. Molecules 2024; 29:679. [PMID: 38338423 PMCID: PMC10856119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents one of the great plagues of our time worldwide. This largely limits the treatment of common infections and requires the development of new antibiotics or other alternative approaches. Noteworthy, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics is mostly responsible for the selection of mutations that confer drug resistance to microbes. In this regard, recently, ozone has been raising interest for its unique biological properties when dissolved in natural oils. Ozonated oils have been reported to act in a non-specific way on microorganisms hindering the acquisition of advantageous mutations that result in resistance. Here, we focused on the antimicrobial effect of two commercial olive (OOO) and sunflower seeds (OSO) oils. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermal analysis showed the change in the chemical composition of the oils after ozonation treatment. Different ozonated oil concentrations were then used to evaluate their antimicrobial profile against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated in keratinocytes and epithelial cells. Overall, our results revealed that both OOO and OSO showed a potent microbicidal effect, especially against C. albicans (IC50 = OOO: 0.3 mg/mL and OSO: 0.2 mg/mL) and E. faecalis (IC50 = OOO: 0.4 mg/mL and OSO: 2.8 mg/mL) albeit exerting a certain effect also against S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, both OOO and OSO do not yield any relevant cytotoxic effect at the active concentrations in both cell lines. This indicates that the ozonated oils studied are not toxic for mammalian cells despite exerting a potent antimicrobial effect on specific microorganisms. Therefore, OOO and OSO may be considered to integrate standard therapies in the treatment of common infections, likely overcoming drug resistance issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Puxeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (I.D.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (G.E.)
- Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariano Andrea Scorciapino
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Ilenia Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (I.D.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Sarah Vascellari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (I.D.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Guido Ennas
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (G.E.)
- Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (I.D.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Angius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (I.D.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
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Zhao Y, Bhavya ML, Patange A, Sun DW, Tiwari BK. Plasma-activated liquids for mitigating biofilms on food and food contact surfaces. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1654-1685. [PMID: 36861750 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-activated liquids (PALs) are emerging and promising alternatives to traditional decontamination technologies and have evolved as a new technology for applications in food, agriculture, and medicine. Contamination caused by foodborne pathogens and their biofilms has posed challenges and concerns to the food industry in terms of safety and quality. The nature of the food and the food processing environment are major factors that contribute to the growth of various microorganisms, followed by the biofilm characteristics that ensure their survival in severe environmental conditions and against traditional chemical disinfectants. PALs show an efficient impact against microorganisms and their biofilms, with various reactive species (short- and long-lived ones), physiochemical properties, and plasma processing factors playing a crucial role in mitigating biofilms. Moreover, there is potential to improve and optimize disinfection strategies using a combination of PALs with other technologies for the inactivation of biofilms. The overarching aim of this study is to build a better understanding of the parameters that govern the liquid chemistry generated in a liquid exposed to plasma and how these translate into biological effects on biofilms. This review provides a current understanding of PALs-mediated mechanisms of action on biofilms; however, the precise inactivation mechanism is still not clear and is an important part of the research. Implementation of PALs in the food industry could help overcome the disinfection hurdles and can enhance biofilm inactivation efficacy. Future perspectives in this field to expand existing state of the art to seek breakthroughs for scale-up and implementation of PALs technology in the food industry are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Zhao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Da-Wen Sun
- Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Ozonated water in disinfection of hospital instrument table. RESEARCH ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [PMCID: PMC9977472 DOI: 10.1007/s42600-023-00272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The walls, ceiling, and floor of a surgical environment, as well as the surfaces used in this place, must be submitted to a disinfection protocol to minimize nosocomial infections. Health regulations recommend two stages; the first is characterized by cleaning procedures, mainly using an enzymatic detergent, and the second is use of a disinfection agent. Ozone is a natural substance that has a relevant oxidative property for inactivating microorganisms and has emerged as an interesting agent in the hospital environment. Compared with conventional chemical products for disinfection, ozonated water has advantages such as a lack of storage control, disposal, and handling safety. The objective of this study was to use ozonated water as a disinfectant agent on a hospital metal surface, in comparison with 70% alcohol. Methods The degree of disinfection of the metal surface was quantitatively analyzed with use of an instrument by bioluminescence for a disinfection test. Results Qualitative terms indicated gram-positive cocci microorganisms and yeasts, suggesting that bacteria and fungi from the environment were identified. After the use of ozonated water as a disinfectant, the quantitative analysis indicated values below 100 RLU, showing evidence of a surface suitable for use in surgical procedures. Conclusion The use of ozonated water as a disinfectant agent for a metal surface in a hospital environment showed more effectiveness than 70% alcohol. Thus, ozonated water is a promising agent for disinfecting surfaces in surgical environments.
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Guadalupe Armas GDC, Martel-Benítez CJ, Alayón-Afonso R, Clavo B, Bordes Benítez A, González-Martín JM, Torres-Mata LB, Martín-Barrasa JL. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated sunflower oil in milk against Escherichia coli: comparative study in cow, goat and sheep. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2147186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria del Carmen Guadalupe Armas
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlos José Martel-Benítez
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Rafael Alayón-Afonso
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Bernardino Clavo
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- BioPharm Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bordes Benítez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jesús María González-Martín
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura B Torres-Mata
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- BioPharm Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martín-Barrasa
- Research Unit Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Facility, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Piletić K, Linšak DT, Kovač B, Mežnarić S, Repustić M, Radmanović-Skrbić M, Gobin I. Ozone disinfection efficiency against airborne microorganisms in hospital environment: a case study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:270-276. [PMID: 36607720 PMCID: PMC9985346 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though ozone has shown its potential for air disinfection in hospital environment, its more frequent use has earned attention only with the COVID-19 pandemic due to its proven antimicrobial effect and low cost of production. The aim of this study was to determine its antimicrobial efficiency against the most common bacterial species in a real-life setting, that is, in the air of one postoperative room of the General Hospital Dr Ivo Pedišić (Sisak, Croatia). Air was sampled for aiborne bacteria before and after treatment with the ozone concentration of 15.71 mg/m3 for one hour. The most dominant Gram-positive bacteria of the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus were reduced by 33 %, 58 %, and 61 %, respectively. The genus Micrococcus proved to be the most resistant. Considering our findings, we recommend longer air treatment with higher ozone concentrations in combination with mechanical cleaning and frequent ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaća Piletić
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dijana Tomić Linšak
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Ecology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bruno Kovač
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Silvestar Mežnarić
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ivana Gobin
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rijeka, Croatia
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Combined Biocidal Effect of Gaseous Ozone and Citric Acid on Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formed on Ceramic Tiles and Polystyrene as a Novel Approach for Infection Prevention and Control. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a prominent emerging pathogen responsible for a variety of hospital-acquired infections. It can contaminate inanimate surfaces and survive in harsh environmental conditions for prolonged periods of time in the form of biofilm. Biofilm is difficult to remove with only one method of disinfection, so combined disinfection methods and biocidal active substances are needed for biofilm eradication. Additionally, having in mind ecological demands, legislators are more prone using fewer toxic substances for disinfection that produce less solid waste and hazardous disinfection byproducts. Gaseous ozone and citric acid are natural biocidal compounds, and the purpose of this study was to determine their combined biocidal effects on A. baumannii biofilm formed on ceramics and polystyrene. Twenty-four-hour A. baumannii biofilm formed on ceramic tiles and polystyrene was exposed to different combinations of disinfection protocols with 25 ppm of gaseous ozone for 1 h exposure time and 15% citric acid for 10 min exposure. The total number of bacteria was counted afterwards and expressed as CFU/cm2. The determined disinfection protocols of A. baumannii biofilm with combined citric acid and gaseous ozone caused reduction of 2.8 to 5.89 log10 CFU (99.99% inhibition rate) of total viable bacteria for each method, with the citric acid–ozone–citric acid disinfection protocol being most successful in eradication of viable bacteria on both ceramics and polystyrene. In conclusion, gaseous ozone and citric acid showed good combined biocidal effects on A. baumannii biofilm and successfully reduced early A. baumannii biofilm from ceramic and polystyrene surfaces. The given combination of active substances can be a good option for eco-friendly disinfection of hospital inanimate surfaces from A. baumannii biofilm contamination with prior mechanical cleaning.
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Rangel K, Cabral FO, Lechuga GC, Carvalho JPRS, Villas-Bôas MHS, Midlej V, De-Simone SG. Potent Activity of a High Concentration of Chemical Ozone against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:3998. [PMID: 35807244 PMCID: PMC9268618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant public health problem worldwide, favoring multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was negatively associated with the increase in antimicrobial resistance, and the ESKAPE group had the most significant impact on HAIs. The study evaluated the bactericidal effect of a high concentration of O3 gas on some reference and ESKAPE bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four standard strains and four clinical or environmental MDR strains were exposed to elevated ozone doses at different concentrations and times. Bacterial inactivation (growth and cultivability) was investigated using colony counts and resazurin as metabolic indicators. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. RESULTS The culture exposure to a high level of O3 inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains tested with a statistically significant reduction in colony count compared to the control group. The cell viability of S. aureus (MRSA) (99.6%) and P. aeruginosa (XDR) (29.2%) was reduced considerably, and SEM showed damage to bacteria after O3 treatment Conclusion: The impact of HAIs can be easily dampened by the widespread use of ozone in ICUs. This product usually degrades into molecular oxygen and has a low toxicity compared to other sanitization products. However, high doses of ozone were able to interfere with the growth of all strains studied, evidencing that ozone-based decontamination approaches may represent the future of hospital cleaning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Rangel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Fellipe O. Cabral
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.O.C.); (M.H.S.V.-B.)
| | - Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - João P. R. S. Carvalho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
| | - Maria H. S. Villas-Bôas
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.O.C.); (M.H.S.V.-B.)
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Ultrastructure, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
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