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Auzanneau M, Reinauer C, Ziegler J, Golembowski S, de Beaufort C, Schöttler H, Hahn E, Mirza J, Galler A, Wurm M, Holl RW. Diabetes care and outcomes of pediatric refugees and migrants from Ukraine and Syria/Afghanistan with type 1 diabetes in German-speaking countries. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1403684. [PMID: 38919493 PMCID: PMC11197464 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1403684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, over two million war refugees live in Germany. Exposure to war and flight is associated with a high burden of diseases, not limited to mental disorders and infections. We aimed to analyze diabetes treatment and outcomes of pediatric refugees and migrants from Ukraine and Syria/Afghanistan with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in German-speaking countries. Materials and methods We included patients with T1D documented between January 2013 and June 2023 in the German/Austrian/Luxembourgian/Swiss DPV registry, aged < 20 years, born in Ukraine [U], in Syria or Afghanistan [S/A], or without migration background [C]. Using logistic, linear, and negative binomial regression models, we compared diabetes technology use, BMI-SDS, HbA1c values, as well as severe hypoglycemia and DKA rates between groups in the first year of treatment in the host country. Results were adjusted for sex, age, diabetes duration, and time spent in the host country. Results Among all patients with T1D aged < 20 years, 615 were born in Ukraine [U], 624 in Syria or Afghanistan [S/A], and 28,106 had no migration background [C]. Compared to the two other groups, patients from Syria or Afghanistan had a higher adjusted BMI-SDS (0.34 [95%-CI: 0.21-0.48] [S/A] vs. 0.13 [- 0.02-0.27] [U] and 0.20 [0.19-0.21] [C]; all p<0.001), a lower use of CGM or AID system (57.6% and 4.6%, respectively [S/A] vs. 83.7% and 7.8% [U], and 87.7% and 21.8% [C], all p<0.05) and a higher rate of severe hypoglycemia (15.3/100 PY [S/A] vs. 7.6/100 PY [C], and vs. 4.8/100 PY [U], all p<0.05). Compared to the two other groups, patients from Ukraine had a lower adjusted HbA1c (6.96% [95%-CI: 6.77-7.14] [U] vs. 7.49% [7.32-7.66] [S/A] and 7.37% [7.36-7.39] [C], all p<0.001). Discussion In their first treatment year in the host country, young Syrian or Afghan refugees had higher BMI-SDS, lower use of diabetes technology, higher HbA1c, and a higher rate of severe hypoglycemia compared to young Ukrainian refugees. Diabetologists should be aware of the different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds of refugees to adapt diabetes treatment and education to specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Auzanneau
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Ziegler
- Pediatric Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Golembowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Sana Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carine de Beaufort
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Hannah Schöttler
- Diabetology and Endocrinology, Darmstädter Kinderkliniken Prinzessin Margaret, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eva Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Agnes-Hospital Bocholt – Klinikum Westmünsterland, Bocholt, Germany
| | - Joaquina Mirza
- Kinderkrankenhaus Amsterdamer Straße, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Paediatric Diabetology, Kliniken Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Angela Galler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wurm
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinik St. Hedwig, University Hospital Regensburg, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard W. Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Correia J, Freitas A, Marinho A, Ponte A, Afecto E, Estevinho M. Small Bowel Villous Atrophy in a Young Patient: A Challenging Diagnosis. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 31:196-202. [PMID: 38836127 PMCID: PMC11149996 DOI: 10.1159/000531396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency enteropathy is a sprue-like disease, which may manifest as a severe malabsorption syndrome with nutritional deficits and cachexia. The authors report a case of a 33-year-old Afghan man, who presented to the emergency department due to chronic watery diarrhea and severe malnourishment. He had been previously misdiagnosed with celiac disease in his early adulthood; however, this was based on inconclusive findings. After a thorough diagnostic workup, the final diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency enteropathy with symptomatic norovirus infection of the gut was obtained during his prolonged hospitalization. A slow but progressive improvement was observed with immunoglobulin replacement therapy, corticotherapy, and ribavirin treatment. This is a noteworthy case of a rare malabsorption disorder, and it reviews important aspects concerning the differential diagnosis of small bowel villous atrophy of unknown etiology, as well as gastrointestinal manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Correia
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho, Portugal
| | - Andreia Freitas
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho, Portugal
| | - António Marinho
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ponte
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho, Portugal
| | - Edgar Afecto
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho, Portugal
| | - Manuela Estevinho
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho, Portugal
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Caroppo E, Calabrese C, Mazza M, Rinaldi A, Coluzzi D, Napoli P, Sapienza M, Porfiri M, De Lellis P. Migrants' mental health recovery in Italian reception facilities. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:162. [PMID: 37993495 PMCID: PMC10665420 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forced migration leaves deep marks on the psychological well-being of migrants, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological conditions being prevalent among them. While research has clarified the extent to which pre-migration trauma is a predictor of mental health outcomes, the role of post-migration stressors in the settlement environment are yet to be fully characterized. METHODS We monitored mental health of a cohort of 100 asylum-seekers during their 14-day COVID-19-related quarantine in reception facilities in Rome, Italy, through the administration of six questionnaires (a demographic survey, the WHO-5 well-being index, the Primary Care PTSD Screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5), the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report, and the LiMEs-Italian version). Through the combination of statistical analysis and supervised learning, we studied the impact of the first contact with the reception system on asylum-seekers' mental health and sought for possible risk and shielding factors for PTSD. RESULTS We find that sheltering in refugee centers has a positive impact on migrants' mental health; asylum-seekers with PTSD reported more traumatic events and personality characteristics related to loss and trauma; life events are predictors of PTSD in asylum-seekers. CONCLUSIONS We identify past traumatic experiences as predictors of PTSD, and establish the positive role the immediate post-migration environment can play on migrants' psychological well-being. We recommend for host countries to implement reception models that provide effective protection and integration of asylum-seekers, similar to those in the Italian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Caroppo
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority Roma 2, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Calabrese
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systémes (INS), Aix Marseille Université, 13, Marseille, France
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Coluzzi
- Migrant Health Unit, Local Health Authority Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Sapienza
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Center for Urban Science and Progress, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Pietro De Lellis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Henke K, Ntovas S, Xourgia E, Exadaktylos AK, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Ziaka M. Who Let the Dogs Out? Unmasking the Neglected: A Semi-Systematic Review on the Enduring Impact of Toxocariasis, a Prevalent Zoonotic Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6972. [PMID: 37947530 PMCID: PMC10649795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxocariasis remains an important neglected parasitic infection representing one of the most common zoonotic infections caused by the parasite Toxocara canis or, less frequently, by Toxocara cati. The epidemiology of the disease is complex due to its transmission route by accidental ingestion of embryonated Toxocara eggs or larvae from tissues from domestic or wild paratenic hosts. Even though the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control classified toxocariasis amongst the top six parasitic infections of priority to public health, global epidemiological data regarding the relationship between seropositivity and toxocariasis is limited. Although the vast majority of the infected individuals remain asymptomatic or experience a mild disease, the infection is associated with important health and socioeconomic consequences, particularly in underprivileged, tropical, and subtropical areas. Toxocariasis is a disease with multiple clinical presentations, which are classified into five distinct forms: the classical visceral larva migrans, ocular toxocariasis, common toxocariasis, covert toxocariasis, and cerebral toxocariasis or neurotoxocariasis. Anthelmintic agents, for example, albendazole or mebendazole, are the recommended treatment, whereas a combination with topical or systemic corticosteroids for specific forms is suggested. Prevention strategies include educational programs, behavioral and hygienic changes, enhancement of the role of veterinarians, and anthelmintic regimens to control active infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Henke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thun Hospital, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 3600 Thun, Switzerland;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.N.); (A.K.E.); (J.K.-R.)
| | - Sotirios Ntovas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.N.); (A.K.E.); (J.K.-R.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, lnselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Xourgia
- Department of Heart Surgery, lnselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.N.); (A.K.E.); (J.K.-R.)
| | - Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.N.); (A.K.E.); (J.K.-R.)
| | - Mairi Ziaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thun Hospital, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 3600 Thun, Switzerland;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (S.N.); (A.K.E.); (J.K.-R.)
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Shahabi S, Etemadi M, Hedayati M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Jakovljevic M. Double burden of vulnerability for refugees: conceptualization and policy solutions for financial protection in Iran using systems thinking approach. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:94. [PMID: 37697351 PMCID: PMC10496181 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iran is host to one of the world's largest and longest-standing refugee populations. Although Iran has initiated a basic health insurance scheme for refugees throughout the country since September 2015, the population coverage of this scheme is very low, and various factors have caused a significant percentage of refugees to still lack insurance coverage and often face financial hardships when receiving health services. In response, this study aimed to understand barriers to insurance coverage among refugees in Iran and propose effective policies that can address persistent gaps in financial protection. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in two phases. First, a review of policy documents and interviews with participants were conducted to investigate the common barriers and facilitators of effective insurance coverage for refugees in Iran. Then, a systems thinking approach was applied to visualize the common variables and interactions on the path to achieving financial protection for refugees. RESULTS Findings showed that various factors, such as (1) household-based premium for refugees, (2) considering a waiting time to be eligible for insurance benefits, (3) determining high premiums for non-vulnerable groups and (4) a deep difference between the health services tariffs of the public and private service delivery sectors in Iran, have caused the coverage of health insurance for non-vulnerable refugees to be challenging. Furthermore, some policy solutions were found to improve the health insurance coverage of refugees in Iran. These included removing household size from premium calculations, lowering current premium rates and getting monthly premiums from non-vulnerable refugees. CONCLUSIONS A number of factors have caused health insurance coverage to be inaccessible for refugees, especially non-vulnerable refugees in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt effective policies to improve the health financing for the refugee with the aim of ensuring financial protection, taking into account the different actors and the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manal Etemadi
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Maryam Hedayati
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bulucu Büyüksoy GD. Failure to thrive among asylum-seeking children: A descriptive study from Turkey. Public Health Nurs 2023. [PMID: 37083040 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine failure to thrive among asylum-seeking children. DESIGN The study was a descriptive study. SAMPLE The sample of the study comprised of 187 children who were registered in an Afghan Association. The power of the study was found to be 97% at 0.5% (moderate) effect size and 95% confidence level. MEASUREMENTS The data was collected between November 8, 2021 and January 10, 2022 using a sociodemographic form and the children's anthropometric measurement. RESULTS 57.2% of children were male and 44.9% were 6-12 years old. It was determined that female and male infants less than 1 year of age were underweight (z-score = -2) and male infants were stunting (z-score ≤-1). CONCLUSIONS Childhood growth and development problems are significant issues among asylum-seeking families. Public health nurses need to develop their roles in organizing the healthcare service for vulnerable and underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Deniz Bulucu Büyüksoy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Prusaczyk A, Bogdan M, Vinker S, Gujski M, Żuk P, Kowalska-Bobko I, Karczmarz S, Oberska J, Lewtak K. Health Care Organization in Poland in Light of the Refugee Crisis Related to the Military Conflict in Ukraine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3831. [PMID: 36900836 PMCID: PMC10001563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poland is witnessing a migration crisis caused by the ongoing military conflict in Ukraine. In addition to housing and necessities, 1.8 million Ukrainians that had taken refuge in Poland must have access to medical care. We aim to propose a strategy for implementing the changes in the Polish health care system in response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. METHODS A literature review on organizational changes in the functioning of health care systems during the migration crises worldwide in recent years and brainstorming in order to develop a strategy for implementing changes in the Polish health care system in response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. RESULTS The proposed strategy for implementing the changes in the Polish health care system is based on building health care resilience and adaptation to different crises. The operational objectives of organization-related activities are: (1) preparation of medical facilities to provide help for refugees, (2) development and implementation of the communication system, (3) implementation of available digital solutions, (4) organization of the diagnostic and medical services, (5) and implementation of changes in the management of medical facilities. CONCLUSIONS Urgent reorganization is required to respond to an unavoidable increase in the demand for health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Bogdan
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Żuk
- Medical and Diagnostic Center, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska-Bobko
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Oberska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewtak
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
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Mahmoodi Z, Bahrami G, Ghavidel N, Seddighi H. The effect of social determinants of health on quality of life among Afghan refugees in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic: a path analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 36600233 PMCID: PMC9812534 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges in 2020 in the world and Iran. To help vulnerable groups such as refugees during the response and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the quality of life (QOL) and its associated factors is helpful. Considering that research in this field is limited, this study evaluated the effect of social determinants of health on the quality of life among Afghan refugees in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 300 Afghan refugees and migrants in Alborz province, Iran, from February to May 2022 using Convenience sampling. Data were completed using the socioeconomic status scale (SES), World Health Organization's quality of life -BREF (WHOQOL), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and COVID-19 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (COVID-PTSD). In addition, path analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships among the research variables with quality of life. RESULTS 64.3% of the study participants were male, with a mean of 29.29 ± 9.64 years. The path analysis showed that SES had the most positive relationship (B = .266), and the number of COVID-19 cases had the most negative relationship (B = -.169) with the quality of life from both paths. The self-rated health had the most positive relationship (B = .25), and the DASS score had the most negative relationship (B = -.2) with the quality of life through only one path. Access to medical services was the only variable that indirectly had a positive causal relationship with QOL (B = .044). CONCLUSION We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between quality of life and social determinants of health among Afghan refugees and migrants during the Covid19 pandemic. The negative emotional states of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS) as a mediator play an essential role in the quality of life and other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoodi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Giti Bahrami
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghavidel
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Seddighi
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Unit of Child and Family Welfare, Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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