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Khan MA, Khan SA, Annadurai K, Parajuli SB, Ahmed WN, Altamimi S, Ashok T, Shah D, Sayyad Y, Dubey A, Tariq A, Riyaz R, Hasan F, Amiri S, Faris M. Determinants of body weight changes during Ramadan fasting in India amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37040. [PMID: 38277572 PMCID: PMC10817079 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) presents unique challenges and opportunities for public health and clinical practice, especially in populations with a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to investigate the impact of RIF on weight change among Indian Muslims and explore the associated demographic, dietary, and behavioral factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of Indian Muslim adults who observed RIF. Participants were asked to report their demographic information, family and personal health history, and dietary and lifestyle behaviors before and during Ramadan month. The primary outcome was body weight change, with secondary outcomes including changes in dietary patterns, physical activity, and other health-related lifestyle behaviors. The study found that during Ramadan, nearly half of the participants (48.5%) self-reported a retained initial weight, while a significant fraction (30.9%) self-reported a modest weight reduction between 0.5 to 2.5 kg at the end of Ramadan. Additionally, self-reported eating practices demonstrated moderately altered by about half (48.4%) of the study participants, with 32.2% reporting minor changes and 8.2% indicating substantial changes. An urban residence was associated with a higher likelihood of weight gain, where urban residents showed 3 times the odds of increased weight compared to rural inhabitants. Employment status emerged as a significant determinant for weight fluctuation, influencing both weight gain and loss. During Ramadan, there was a significant rise in snacking frequency, increasing from 21.7% to 32.6% in comparison with pre-Ramadan. The consumption of large quantities of food more frequently grew from 14.9% to 36%, and the incidence of eating despite not being hungry went up from 17.4% to 33.2%. The study demonstrates that RIF is associated with variable changes in body weight among adult Indian Muslims, influenced by urbanization, employment status, and dietary changes. The findings suggest that clinicians should provide tailored advice about body weight regulation during Ramadan and consider integrating community-based health initiatives within religious settings to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moien A.B. Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Primary Care, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kalaivani Annadurai
- Bhaarath Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surya Bahadur Parajuli
- Department of Community Medicine, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
| | | | - Saoud Altamimi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | | | - Ashish Dubey
- Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Abdullah Tariq
- Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research, Warudi, Maharashtra, India
| | - Romana Riyaz
- Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Fayeza Hasan
- College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sohrab Amiri
- Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moezalislam Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Sulaiman SK, Tsiga‐Ahmed FI, Arora T, Faris ME, Musa MS, Kareem YA, Dayyab FM, Hussein A, Sale S, Javaid SF, Khan MAB. Perceived changes in the mental well-being among Nigerians due to Ramadan Intermittent Fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2990. [PMID: 37060182 PMCID: PMC10175984 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muslims fast every year during the month of Ramadan from dawn until dusk. This study examined mental well-being and correlating factors among Nigerian adults who observed Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). METHODS A validated generalized anxiety disorder-2 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2, the four-item spiritual well-being index, and the Islamic intrinsic religiosity questionnaire were used to collect data about mental well-being (depression, anxiety), spirituality, and intrinsic religiosity through a web-based survey between the May 9, 2021 (27th of Ramadan, 1442) and the June 4, 2021 (29th of Shawwal, 1442). We studied the mental well-being of respondents over a period of 4 weeks before Ramadan (BR) and during the 4 weeks of Ramadan between the April 12, 2021 and the May 12, 2021(DR). Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety. This research did not receive any grant or funding. RESULTS A total of 770 adult Nigerians who observed RIF study were included in this cross-sectional study. When compared to mental well-being BR, observing RIF by Nigerian adult respondents was associated with a significant improvement in their mental well-being. A higher proportion of respondents felt less depressed DR (61.3% vs. 56.5%. < .001). Interest and pleasure in doing things improved DR than BR (p= 0.007) and respondents felt less nervous and anxious (60.7% vs. 57.1%, respectively; p <.001). Mental well-being was independently associated with sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, and perceived relationships. CONCLUSIONS This study found significant improvement in mental well-being DR compared to BR despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of RIF on mental well-being needs further research with multicentric studies among different sets of ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Arora
- College of Natural & Health SciencesZayed UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Sale Musa
- Department of MedicineYobe State University Teaching HospitalDamaturuNigeria
| | - Yesir Adeyemi Kareem
- Department of General and Geriatric PsychiatryFederal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, MaiduguriNigeria
| | | | - Aminu Hussein
- Department of Family MedicineYobe State University Teaching HospitalDamaturuNigeria
| | - Shehu Sale
- Department of Child PsychiatryFederal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, KwareSokotoNigeria
- Department of PsychiatryBayero University KanoKanoNigeria
| | - Syed Fahad Javaid
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl‐AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl‐AinUnited Arab Emirates
- Primary CareNHS North West LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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