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da Silva JF, Corrêa DS, Campos ÉL, Leite GZ, de Oliveira JDM, Fachini J, da Silva J, Obach ES, Campo LF, Grivicich I, de Amorim HLN, Picada JN. Evaluation of toxicological aspects of three new benzoxazole compounds with sunscreen photophysical properties using in silico and in vitro methods. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105300. [PMID: 34933087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreening chemicals protect against damage caused by sunlight most absorbing UVA or UVB radiations. In this sense, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives with amino substituents in the 4' and 5' positions have an outstandingly high Sun Protection Factor and adequate photostability, but their toxicity is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of three synthetic 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives for their possible application as sunscreens. In silico tools were used in order to assess potential risks regarding mutagenic, carcinogenic, and skin sensitizing potential. Bioassays were performed in L929 cells to assess cytotoxicity in MTT assay and genotoxic activities in the Comet assay and micronucleus test. Also, the Salmonella/microsome assay was performed to evaluate gene mutations. The in silico predictions indicate a low risk of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the compounds while the skin sensitizing potential was low or inconclusive. The 2-(4'-amino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazol compound was the most cytotoxic and genotoxic among the compounds evaluated in L929 cells, but none induced mutations in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The amino substituted at the 4' position of the phenyl ring appears to have greater toxicological risks than substituents at the 5' position of 2-(phenyl)benzoxazole. The findings warrant further studies of these compounds in cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jâmeson Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico Leite Campos
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Zamprônio Leite
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Produto e Desenvolvimento (CEPPED), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Denis Medeiros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Fachini
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genetica Toxicológica, Universidade La Salle, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, CEP: 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Sempé Obach
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Franciscato Campo
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais Orgânicos e Quimica Forense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, CEP: 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Novos Materiais Orgânicos e Quimica Forense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Lozano C, Lee C, Wattiez R, Lebaron P, Matallana-Surget S. Unraveling the molecular effects of oxybenzone on the proteome of an environmentally relevant marine bacterium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148431. [PMID: 34182435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of Benzophenone-3 (BP3), also known as oxybenzone, a common UV filter, is a growing environmental concern in regard to its toxicity on aquatic organisms. Our previous work stressed that BP3 is toxic to Epibacterium mobile, an environmentally relevant marine α-proteobacterium. In this study, we implemented a label-free quantitative proteomics workflow to decipher the effects of BP3 on the E. mobile proteome. Furthermore, the effect of DMSO, one of the most common solvents used to vehicle low concentrations of lipophilic chemicals, was assessed to emphasize the importance of limiting solvent concentration in ecotoxicological studies. Data-independent analysis proteomics highlighted that BP3 induced changes in the regulation of 56 proteins involved in xenobiotic export, detoxification, oxidative stress response, motility, and fatty acid, iron and amino acid metabolisms. Our results also outlined that the use of DMSO at 0.046% caused regulation changes in proteins related to transport, iron uptake and metabolism, and housekeeping functions, underlining the need to reduce the concentration of solvents in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lozano
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stirling University, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stirling University, United Kingdom
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lebaron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Sabine Matallana-Surget
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stirling University, United Kingdom.
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Yazar S, Kara Ertekin S. Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of homosalate in MCF-7. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:246-252. [PMID: 31021040 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV filters should be determined a strict toxicological safety prior to approval. Homosalate (HMS) is one of the most widely used organic UV filter. HMS accumulates in aquatic biota ecosystems and humans through the food chain; therefore, it is important to consider the effects on health and know its mechanisms of action. AIMS The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of HMS in MCF-7 cell line. METHODS Cell viability was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell membrane integrity by the lactate dehydrogenase release assays (LDH), and genotoxicity by using the micronucleus test at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 µM concentrations with the human breast cell line MCF-7. RESULTS Homosalate affected the cell viability dose-dependently at a concentrations of above 1000 µM. Micronucleus formation was significantly induced at 750 and 1000 µM within 24 hours due to an increase in cytostatic effect, the cell viability of HMS decreased to 57% at a concentration of 2000 µM, and a sufficient number of binucleated cells could not be obtained to count. Homosalate was also clastogenic when the cells were incubated at cytotoxic concentrations. CONCLUSION These results suggest that homosalate can be considered as a cytotoxic and genotoxic substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Yazar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul YeniYuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simge Kara Ertekin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul YeniYuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chakravarthy S, Sadagopan S, Nair A, Sukumaran SK. Zebrafish as anIn VivoHigh-Throughput Model for Genotoxicity. Zebrafish 2014; 11:154-66. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sathish Sadagopan
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayyappan Nair
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
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Raza A, Ericson ME, Nugent JS, Dreis CD, Vince R. A bio-mimetic approach to DNA photoprotection. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:559-562. [PMID: 23938461 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raza
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marna E Ericson
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaime S Nugent
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine D Dreis
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Raza A, Dreis CD, Vince R. Photoprotection of DNA (in vitro) by acyclothymidine dinucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:620-3. [PMID: 23290453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to sunlight is primarily implicated in ultraviolet (UV) induced skin cancers worldwide. Direct absorption of UV radiation by DNA leads to the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) resulting in DNA damage. The molecular mechanisms involved in the mutagenicity of CPDs are well established. Photoprotection of the skin from the detrimental effects of UV is essential in preventing skin damage. A variety of formulations, which essentially contain UV filters have been used as photoprotective agents of the skin. These comprise aromatic and inorganic molecules, whose mechanism of action involves either absorption, reflection, or scattering of UV radiation. However, the downstream photoproducts of some of these molecules have undesirable characteristics which compromise their utility. A biomimetic approach involving structural analogs of nucleic acids can help overcome these limitations. Herein, we show the photoprotective action of acyclothymidine dinucleosides on both plasmid and cellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raza
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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