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Tsai PH, Sun JR, Chien Y, Chan MS, Khor W, Yang HC, Huang CH, Hsiung CN, Hwa TY, Lin YY, Yeh CL, Wang ML, Yang YP, Chen YM, Tsai FT, Lee MS, Cheng YH, Tsai SK, Liu PC, Chou SJ, Chiou SH. Modifications of lipid pathways restrict SARS-CoV-2 propagation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D airway organoids. J Adv Res 2024; 60:127-140. [PMID: 37557954 PMCID: PMC11156708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifications of lipid metabolism were closely associated with the manifestations and prognosis of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Pre-existing metabolic conditions exacerbated the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection while modulations of aberrant lipid metabolisms alleviated the manifestations. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, an experimental platform that reproduces human respiratory physiology is required. METHODS Here we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway organoids (iPSC-AOs) that resemble the human native airway. Single-cell sequencing (ScRNAseq) and microscopic examination verified the cellular heterogeneity and microstructures of iPSC-AOs, respectively. We subjected iPSC-AOs to SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigated the treatment effect of lipid modifiers statin drugs on viral pathogenesis, gene expression, and the intracellular trafficking of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). RESULTS In SARS-CoV-2-infected iPSC-AOs, immunofluorescence staining detected the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and bioinformatics analysis further showed the aberrant enrichment of lipid-associated pathways. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 hijacked the host RNA replication machinery and generated the new isoforms of a high-density lipoprotein constituent apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and the virus-scavenging protein deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1). Manipulating lipid homeostasis using cholesterol-lowering drugs (e.g. Statins) relocated the viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and decreased N protein expression, leading to the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. The same lipid modifications suppressed the entry of luciferase-expressing SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses containing the S proteins derived from different SARS-CoV-2 variants, i.e. wild-type, alpha, delta, and omicron. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data demonstrated that modifications of lipid pathways restrict SARS-CoV-2 propagation in the iPSC-AOs, which the inhibition is speculated through the translocation of ACE2 from the cell membrane to the cytosol. Considering the highly frequent mutation and generation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, targeting host metabolisms of cholesterol or other lipids may represent an alternative approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Man Sheung Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Winnie Khor
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Yang Hwa
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiue Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsiang Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ko Tsai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan.
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Suresh P, Sun X, Zhou Z, Zhang Q. Spatial Proteomics Reveals Alcohol-Induced Damages to the Crypts and Villi of the Mouse Small Intestine. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1801-1809. [PMID: 38655769 PMCID: PMC11077582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption perturbs the gut immune barrier and ultimately results in alcoholic liver diseases, but little is known about how immune-related cells in the gut are perturbed in this process. In this study, we employed laser capture microdissection and a label-free proteomics approach to investigate the consequences of alcohol exposure to the proteomes of crypts and villi in the proximal small intestine. Intestinal tissues from alcohol-fed and pair-fed mice were microdissected to selectively capture cells in the crypts and villi regions, followed by one-pot protein digestion and data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis. We successfully identified over 3000 proteins from each of the crypt or villi regions equivalent to ∼3000 cells. Analysis of alcohol-treated tissues indicated an enhanced alcohol metabolism and reduced levels of α-defensins in crypts, alongside increased lipid metabolism and apoptosis in villi. Immunofluorescence imaging further corroborated the proteomic findings. Our work provides a detailed profiling of the proteomic changes in the compartments of the mouse small intestine and aids in molecular-level understanding of alcohol-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil
Shivprasad Suresh
- Center
for Translational Biomedical Research, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center
for Translational Biomedical Research, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center
for Translational Biomedical Research, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department
of Nutrition, University of North Carolina
at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center
for Translational Biomedical Research, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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3
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Gay MD, Drda JC, Chen W, Huang Y, Yassin AA, Duka T, Fang H, Shivapurkar N, Smith JP. Implicating the cholecystokinin B receptor in liver stem cell oncogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G291-G309. [PMID: 38252699 PMCID: PMC11211039 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00208.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest-growing cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are the greatest risk factors for the development of HCC. Although the cell of origin for HCC is uncertain, many theories believe this cancer may arise from liver progenitor cells or stem cells. Here, we describe the activation of hepatic stem cells that overexpress the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) after liver injury with either a DDC diet (0.1% 3, 5-diethoxy-carbonyl 1,4-dihydrocollidine) or a NASH-inducing CDE diet (choline-deficient ethionine) in murine models. Pharmacologic blockade of the CCK-BR with a receptor antagonist proglumide or knockout of the CCK-BR in genetically engineered mice during the injury diet reduces the expression of hepatic stem cells and prevents the formation of three-dimensional tumorspheres in culture. RNA sequencing of livers from DDC-fed mice treated with proglumide or DDC-fed CCK-BR knockout mice showed downregulation of differentially expressed genes involved in cell proliferation and oncogenesis and upregulation of tumor suppressor genes compared with controls. Inhibition of the CCK-BR decreases hepatic transaminases, fibrosis, cytokine expression, and alters the hepatic immune cell signature rendering the liver microenvironment less oncogenic. Furthermore, proglumide hastened recovery after liver injury by reversing fibrosis and improving markers of synthetic function. Proglumide is an older drug that is orally bioavailable and being repurposed for liver conditions. These findings support a promising therapeutic intervention applicable to patients to prevent the development of HCC and decrease hepatic fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation identified a novel pathway involving the activation of hepatic stem cells and liver oncogenesis. Receptor blockade or genetic disruption of the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) signaling pathway decreased the activation and proliferation of hepatic stem cells after liver injury without eliminating the regenerative capacity of healthy hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha D Gay
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jack C Drda
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Yimeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Amal A Yassin
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Tetyana Duka
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Hongbin Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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4
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Serrao S, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Olianas A, Lai G, Messana I, Castagnola M, Costanzo G, Firinu D, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Salivary Cystatin D Interactome in Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis: An Exploratory Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14613. [PMID: 37834061 PMCID: PMC10572539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis, a rare blood disorder characterized by the proliferation of clonal abnormal mast cells, has a variegated clinical spectrum and diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. Recently we proposed the cathepsin inhibitor cystatin D-R26 as a salivary candidate biomarker of systemic mastocytosis (SM). Its C26 variant is able to form multiprotein complexes (mPCs) and since protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial for studying disease pathogenesis, potential markers, and therapeutic targets, we aimed to define the protein composition of the salivary cystatin D-C26 interactome associated with SM. An exploratory affinity purification-mass spectrometry method was applied on pooled salivary samples from SM patients, SM patient subgroups with and without cutaneous symptoms (SM+C and SM-C), and healthy controls (Ctrls). Interactors specifically detected in Ctrls were found to be implicated in networks associated with cell and tissue homeostasis, innate system, endopeptidase regulation, and antimicrobial protection. Interactors distinctive of SM-C patients participate to PPI networks related to glucose metabolism, protein S-nitrosylation, antibacterial humoral response, and neutrophil degranulation, while interactors specific to SM+C were mainly associated with epithelial and keratinocyte differentiation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and immune response pathways. Proteins sensitive to redox changes, as well as proteins with immunomodulatory properties and activating mast cells, were identified in patients; many of them were involved directly in cytoskeleton rearrangement, a process crucial for mast cell activation. Although preliminary, these results demonstrate that PPI alterations of the cystatin D-C26 interactome are associated with SM and provide a basis for future investigations based on quantitative proteomic analysis and immune validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Greca Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (D.F.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (D.F.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (D.F.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.); (A.O.); (G.L.); (B.M.)
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5
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Kao CY, Pan YC, Hsiao YH, Lim SK, Cheng TW, Huang SW, Wu SMY, Sun CP, Tao MH, Mou KY. Improvement of Gene Delivery by Minimal Bacteriophage Particles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14532-14544. [PMID: 37466994 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct delivery of therapeutic genes is a promising approach for treating cancers and other diseases. The current human viral vectors, however, suffer from several drawbacks, including poor cell-type specificity and difficult large-scale production. The M13 phage provides an alternative vehicle for gene therapy with engineerable specificity, but the low transduction efficiency seriously limits its translational application. In this work, we discovered important factors of cells and phages that greatly influence the phage transduction. The up-regulation of PrimPol or the down-regulation of DMBT1 in cells significantly enhanced the phage transduction efficiency. Furthermore, we found that the phage transduction efficiency was inversely correlated with the phage size. By carefully reconstructing the phage origin with the gene of interest, we designed "TransPhage" with a minimal length and maximal transduction efficiency. We showed that TransPhage successfully transduced the human cells with an excellent efficiency (up to 95%) comparable to or superior to that of the adeno-associated virus vectors. Moreover, we showed that TransPhage's tropism was specific to the cells that overexpress the target antigen, whereas adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) promiscuously infected many cell types. Using TransPhage as a gene therapy vehicle, we invented an NK-cell-mediated immunotherapy in which a membrane-bound fragment crystallizable region was introduced to cancer cells. We showed in vitro that the cancer cells expressing the membrane-bound fragment crystallizable (Fc) were effectively killed by CD16+ NK cells through an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)-like mechanism. In the xenograft mouse model, the administration of TransPhage carrying the membrane-bound Fc gene greatly suppressed tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shania Meng-Yun Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
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Friedrich B, Tietze R, Dümig M, Sover A, Boca MA, Schreiber E, Band J, Janko C, Krappmann S, Alexiou C, Lyer S. Magnetic Removal of Candida albicans Using Salivary Peptide-Functionalized SPIONs. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3231-3246. [PMID: 37337577 PMCID: PMC10276999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s409559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnetic separation of microbes can be an effective tool for pathogen identification and diagnostic applications to reduce the time needed for sample preparation. After peptide functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with an appropriate interface, they can be used for the separation of sepsis-associated yeasts like Candida albicans. Due to their magnetic properties, the magnetic extraction of the particles in the presence of an external magnetic field ensures the accumulation of the targeted yeast. Materials and Methods In this study, we used SPIONs coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and functionalized with a peptide originating from GP340 (SPION-APTES-Pep). For the first time, we investigate whether this system is suitable for the separation and enrichment of Candida albicans, we investigated its physicochemical properties and by thermogravimetric analysis we determined the amount of peptide on the SPIONs. Further, the toxicological profile was evaluated by recording cell cycle and DNA degradation. The separation efficiency was investigated using Candida albicans in different experimental settings, and regrowth experiments were carried out to show the use of SPION-APTES-Pep as a sample preparation method for the identification of fungal infections. Conclusion SPION-APTES-Pep can magnetically remove more than 80% of the microorganism and with a high selective host-pathogen distinction Candida albicans from water-based media and about 55% in blood after 8 minutes processing without compromising effects on the cell cycle of human blood cells. Moreover, the separated fungal cells could be regrown without any restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Dümig
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandru Sover
- Faculty of Engineering, Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Marius-Andrei Boca
- Faculty of Engineering, Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Eveline Schreiber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Band
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Professorship for AI-Controlled Nanomaterials, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Xie J, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Hao P, Han L, Cao Y, Ding B, Chang Y, Yin D, Ding J. TMT-based proteomics analysis of growth advantage of triploid Apostichopus japonicus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101043. [PMID: 36493631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid breeding can produce new species with a faster growth rate, higher disease resistance, and higher survival rate, and has achieved significant economic benefits. This study investigated the protein differences in the body wall of triploid Apostichopus japonicus and diploid A. japonicus using isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantitative Tandem Mass Tag technology. A total of 21,096 independent peptides and 4621 proteins were identified. Among them, there were 723 proteins with significant expression differences, including 413 up-regulated proteins and 310 down-regulated proteins. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in 4519 Gene Ontology enrichment pathways and 320 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways. Twenty-two key DEPs related to important functions such as growth and immunity of triploid A. japonicus were screened from the results, among which 20 were up-regulated, such as cathepsin L2 cysteine protease and fibrinogen-like protein A. Arylsulfatase A and zonadhesin were down-regulated. The up-regulated proteins were mainly involved in oxidative stress response, innate immune response, and collagen synthesis in triploid A. japonicus, and the down-regulated proteins were mainly associated with the sterility of triploid A. japonicus. In addition, the transcriptome and proteome were analyzed jointly to support proteome data. In this study, the differences in protein composition between triploid and diploid A. japonicus were analyzed for the first time, and the results revealed the underlying reasons for the growth advantage of triploid A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Lingshu Han
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Beichen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Donghong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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8
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Friedrich B, Lyer S, Janko C, Unterweger H, Brox R, Cunningham S, Dutz S, Taccardi N, Bikker FJ, Hurle K, Sebald H, Lenz M, Spiecker E, Fester L, Hackstein H, Strauß R, Boccaccini AR, Bogdan C, Alexiou C, Tietze R. Scavenging of bacteria or bacterial products by magnetic particles functionalized with a broad-spectrum pathogen recognition receptor motif offers diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:418-428. [PMID: 34999260 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response of severe bloodstream infections, and given its frequency of occurrence and high mortality rate, therapeutic improvements are imperative. A reliable biomimetic strategy for the targeting and separation of bacterial pathogens in bloodstream infections involves the use of the broad-spectrum binding motif of human GP-340, a pattern-recognition receptor of the scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) superfamily that is expressed on epithelial surfaces but not found in blood. Here we show that these peptides, when conjugated to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), can separate various bacterial endotoxins and intact microbes (E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens) with high efficiency, especially at low and thus clinically relevant concentrations. This is accompanied by a subsequent strong depletion in cytokine release (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, Il-10 and IFN-γ), which could have a direct therapeutic impact since escalating immune responses complicates severe bloodstream infections and sepsis courses. SPIONs are coated with aminoalkylsilane and capture peptides are orthogonally ligated to this surface. The particles behave fully cyto- and hemocompatible and do not interfere with host structures. Thus, this approach additionally aims to dramatically reduce diagnostic times for patients with suspected bloodstream infections and accelerate targeted antibiotic therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Sepsis is often associated with excessive release of cytokines. This aspect and slow diagnostic procedures are the major therapeutic obstacles. The use of magnetic particles conjugated with small peptides derived from the binding motif of a broad-spectrum mucosal pathogen recognition protein GP-340 provides a highly efficient scavenging platform. These peptides are not found in blood and therefore are not subject to inhibitory mechanisms like in other concepts (mannose binding lectine, aptamers, antibodies). In this work, data are shown on the broad bacterial binding spectrum, highly efficient toxin depletion, which directly reduces the release of cytokines. Host cells are not affected and antibiotics not adsorbed. The particle bound microbes can be recultured without restriction and thus be used directly for diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), the Netherlands
| | - Katrin Hurle
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Mineralogy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Sebald
- Immunologie und Hygiene, Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Malte Lenz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructure Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructure Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Lars Fester
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Strauß
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Immunologie und Hygiene, Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.
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9
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Guedes PEB, Veloso JF, Lacerda LC, Santana JO, Mora-Ocampo IY, Pirovani CP, Cruz RDS, Munhoz AD, Carlos RSA. Protein expression of the tear film of domestic cats before and after inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:386. [PMID: 34906132 PMCID: PMC8670102 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tear film (TF) helps maintain and protect ocular function against damage to the ocular surface. Proteins are one of its main constituents, whose expression pattern can be used as a biomarker of ocular changes and systemic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins in the TF of domestic cats before and after infection with Toxoplasma gondii, in the phases of acute infection and chronicity. Twelve healthy cats received orally homogenized brain matter obtained from mice inoculated with T. gondii oocysts, strain ME49. Cat feces were collected daily from the third day after infection to assess the release of oocysts. TF samples were obtained from cats, by Schirmer's Tear Test 1, on day 0 (before infection), day 5 after infection (acute phase of infection, with maximum peak release of oocysts in feces) and on day 21 after infection (start of chronic phase, 7 days after total absence of oocyst release in feces). Tear samples were also submitted to proteomic analysis in a Q-Tof-Premier mass spectrometer. RESULTS A total of 37 proteins with scores equal to or greater than 100 were identified on D0, followed by 36 on D5 and 42 on D21. Of these, 27 were common to D0 and D5, 33 to D0 and D21, 27 to D5 and D21, and 26 were common to the three groups, totaling 54 proteins. The most abundant proteins were lipocalin allergen Fel d, serum albumin, aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactoperoxidase and lactotransferrin. There was no significant difference in the abundance of proteins found on D0 and D5, but there was a statistical difference between D0 and D21 for ACT1_AEDAE, CERU_HUMAN and GELS_HUMAN. Regarding D5 and D21, there were significant differences for KV1_CANLF, LAC_PIG, TRFL_PIG, ACT1_AEDAE, CERU_HUMAN, GELS_HUMAN and OVOS2_HUMAN. CONCLUSIONS The main proteins identified in the TF of domestic cats are similar to those found in humans and other animal species. Most are part of the ocular surface defense system against injuries. The most expressed proteins in animals in the chronic phase of T. gondii infection are associated with the immune response to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jéssica Fontes Veloso
- Federal University of Western Bahia, Av. 23 de Agosto, S/N, Assunção, Bahia Barra, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Dias Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Brazil
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10
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Ordoñez JFF, Galindez GGST, Gulay KT, Ravago-Gotanco R. Transcriptome analysis of growth variation in early juvenile stage sandfish Holothuria scabra. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100904. [PMID: 34488170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a high-value tropical sea cucumber species representing a major mariculture prospect across the Indo-Pacific. Advancements in culture technology, rearing, and processing present options for augmenting capture production, stock restoration, and sustainable livelihood activities from hatchery-produced sandfish. Further improvements in mariculture production may be gained from the application of genomic technologies to improve performance traits such as growth. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and characterization of fast- and slow-growing juvenile H. scabra from three Philippine populations. Analyses revealed 66 unigenes that were consistently differentially regulated in fast-growing sandfish and found to be associated with immune response and metabolism. Further, we identified microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism markers potentially associated with fast growth. These findings provide insight on potential genomic determinants underlying growth regulation in early juvenile sandfish which will be useful for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Feliciano F Ordoñez
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Velasquez St., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Gihanna Gaye S T Galindez
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Velasquez St., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City, Philippines; Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Germany.
| | - Karina Therese Gulay
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Velasquez St., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Rachel Ravago-Gotanco
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Velasquez St., Diliman, 1100 Quezon City, Philippines.
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11
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Glycoprotein 340's scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain promotes adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to contact lens polymers. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0033921. [PMID: 34662210 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00339-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact lenses are biomaterials worn on the eye to correct refractive errors. Bacterial adhesion and colonization of these lenses results in adverse events such as microbial keratitis. The adsorption of tear proteins to contact lens materials enhances bacterial adhesion. Glycoprotein 340 (Gp340), a tear component, is known to promote microbial colonization in the oral cavity, however, it has not been investigated in any contact lens-related adverse event. Therefore, this study examined the adsorption of Gp340 and its recombinantly expressed scavenger receptor cysteine rich (iSRCR1Gp340) domain on two common contact lens materials, etafilcon A and lotrafilcon B, and the concomitant effects on the adherence of clinical isolates of microbial keratitis causative agents, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA6206, PA6294), and Staphylococcus aureus (SA38, USA300). Across all strains and materials, iSRCR1Gp340 enhanced adherence of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. However, iSRCR1Gp340 did not modulate lysozyme's and lactoferrin's effects on bacterial adhesion to the contact lens. The Gp340 binding surface protein SraP significantly enhanced USA300 binding to iSRCR1Gp340-coated lenses. In addition, iSRCR1Gp340-coated surfaces had significantly diminished biofilms with the SraP mutant (ΔSraP), and with the Sortase A mutant (ΔSrtA), there was a further reduction in biofilms, indicating the likely involvement of additional surface proteins. Finally, the binding affinities between iSRCR1Gp340 and SraP were determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), where the complete SraP binding region displayed nanomolar affinity, whereas its smaller fragments adhered with micromolar affinities. This study concludes that Gp340 and its SRCR domains play an important role in bacterial adhesion to the contact lens.
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12
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Lai QWS, Guo MSS, Wu KQ, Liao Z, Guan D, Dong TT, Tong P, Tsim KWK. Edible Bird's Nest, an Asian Health Food Supplement, Possesses Moisturizing Effect by Regulating Expression of Filaggrin in Skin Keratinocyte. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685982. [PMID: 34354585 PMCID: PMC8329658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) has been consumed as a Chinese delicacy for hundreds of years; the functions of which have been proposed to prevent lung disease, strengthen immune response, and restore skin youthfulness. To support the skin function of EBN, the water extract and the enzymatic digest of EBN with enriched digested peptides were tested in cultured keratinocyte, HaCaT cell line. The effects of EBN extract and digest in inducing proteins crucial for skin moisturizing were determined in both in vitro and ex vivo models. In cultured keratinocytes, the expressions of S100-fused type proteins contributing to skin barrier function in the stratum corneum, e.g. filaggrin and filaggrin-2, were determined in both mRNA and protein levels, which were markedly induced in the treatment of EBN extract or digest. The EBN-induced gene transcriptions of filaggrin and filaggrin-2 were mediated by activation of p38 MAPK pathway and various transcription factors, e.g. GATA3, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ: these transcriptional factors were markedly activated by the digested products of EBN, as compared to the extract, in cultured keratinocytes. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the EBN-treated keratinocyte was shown to have more liquid-like morphology, as compared to a control cell. The EBN digest showed better induction on these moisturizing effects as compared to the extract. These lines of evidence therefore suggested the water moisturizing effect of EBN in skin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Wing Sze Lai
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R and D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggie Sui Sui Guo
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R and D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Qiyun Wu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R and D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhitao Liao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R and D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Penger Tong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R and D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Lehnfeld J, Dukashin Y, Mark J, White GD, Wu S, Katzur V, Müller R, Ruhl S. Saliva and Serum Protein Adsorption on Chemically Modified Silica Surfaces. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1047-1054. [PMID: 34157899 PMCID: PMC8381597 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211022273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials, once inserted in the oral cavity, become immediately covered by a layer of adsorbed proteins that consists mostly of salivary proteins but also of plasma proteins if the biomaterial is placed close to the gingival margin or if it becomes implanted into tissue and bone. It is often this protein layer, rather than the pristine biomaterial surface, that is subsequently encountered by colonizing bacteria or attaching tissue cells. Thus, to study this important initial protein adsorption from human saliva and serum and how it might be influenced through chemical modification of the biomaterial surface, we have measured the amount of protein adsorbed and analyzed the composition of the adsorbed protein layer using gel electrophoresis and western blotting. Here, we have developed an in vitro model system based on silica surfaces, chemically modified with 7 silane-based self-assembled monolayers that span a broad range of physicochemical properties, from hydrophilic to hydrophobic surfaces (water contact angles from 15° to 115°), low to high surface free energy (12 to 57 mN/m), and negative to positive surface charge (zeta potentials from –120 to +40 mV at physiologic pH). We found that the chemical surface functionalities exerted a substantial effect on the total amounts of proteins adsorbed; however, no linear correlation of the adsorbed amounts with the physicochemical surface parameters was observed. Only the adsorption behavior of a few singular protein components, from which physicochemical data are available, seems to follow physicochemical expectations. Examples are albumin in serum and lysozyme in saliva; in both, adsorption was favored on countercharged surfaces. We conclude from these findings that in complex biofluids such as saliva and serum, adsorption behavior is dominated by the overall protein-binding capacity of the surface rather than by specific physicochemical interactions of single protein entities with the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lehnfeld
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Y Dukashin
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Mark
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - G D White
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Wu
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - V Katzur
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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14
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Neely BA, Janech MG, Fenton MB, Simmons NB, Bland AM, Becker DJ. Surveying the Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus) Serum Proteome: A Resource for Identifying Immunological Proteins and Detecting Pathogens. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2547-2559. [PMID: 33840197 PMCID: PMC9812275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bats are increasingly studied as model systems for longevity and as natural hosts for some virulent viruses. Yet the ability to characterize immune mechanisms of viral tolerance and to quantify infection dynamics in wild bats is often limited by small sample volumes and few species-specific reagents. Here, we demonstrate how proteomics can overcome these limitations by using data-independent acquisition-based shotgun proteomics to survey the serum proteome of 17 vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) from Belize. Using just 2 μL of sample and relatively short separations of undepleted serum digests, we identified 361 proteins across 5 orders of magnitude. Levels of immunological proteins in vampire bat serum were then compared to human plasma via published databases. Of particular interest were antiviral and antibacterial components, circulating 20S proteasome complex and proteins involved in redox activity. Lastly, we used known virus proteomes to putatively identify Rh186 from Macacine herpesvirus 3 and ORF1a from Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, indicating that mass spectrometry-based techniques show promise for pathogen detection. Overall, these results can be used to design targeted mass-spectrometry assays to quantify immunological markers and detect pathogens. More broadly, our findings also highlight the application of proteomics in advancing wildlife immunology and pathogen surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Neely
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Michael G Janech
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - M Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, United States
| | - Alison M Bland
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Daniel J Becker
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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15
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Wallace LE, Liu M, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Vries E, de Haan CAM. Respiratory mucus as a virus-host range determinant. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:983-992. [PMID: 33875348 PMCID: PMC8503944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficient penetration of the mucus layer is needed for respiratory viruses to avoid mucociliary clearance prior to infection. Many respiratory viruses bind to glycans on the heavily glycosylated mucins that give mucus its gel-like characteristics. Influenza viruses, some paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses avoid becoming trapped in the mucus by releasing themselves by means of their envelope-embedded enzymes that destroy glycan receptors. For efficient infection, receptor binding and destruction need to be in balance with the host receptor repertoire. Establishment in a novel host species requires resetting of the balance to adapt to the different glycan repertoire encountered. Growing understanding of species-specific mucosal glycosylation patterns and the dynamic interaction with respiratory viruses identifies the mucus layer as a major host-range determinant and barrier for zoonotic transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E Wallace
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mengying Liu
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Zeng X, Zhang Y, Meng L, Fan G, Bai J, Chen J, Song Y, Seim I, Wang C, Shao Z, Liu N, Lu H, Fu X, Wang L, Liu X, Liu S, Shao Z. Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa139. [PMID: 33319911 PMCID: PMC7736800 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) is highly adapted to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and has drawn much interest since its discovery. However, the limited information on its genome has impeded further related research and understanding of its adaptation to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. FINDINGS Here, we report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the scaly-foot snail and another snail (Gigantopelta aegis), which inhabits similar environments. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology, 10X Genomics, and Hi-C technologies, we obtained a chromosome-level genome of C. squamiferum with an N50 size of 20.71 Mb. By constructing a phylogenetic tree, we found that these 2 deep-sea snails evolved independently of other snails. Their divergence from each other occurred ∼66.3 million years ago. Comparative genomic analysis showed that different snails have diverse genome sizes and repeat contents. Deep-sea snails have more DNA transposons and long terminal repeats but fewer long interspersed nuclear elements than other snails. Gene family analysis revealed that deep-sea snails experienced stronger selective pressures than freshwater snails, and gene families related to the nervous system, immune system, metabolism, DNA stability, antioxidation, and biomineralization were significantly expanded in scaly-foot snails. We also found 251 H-2 Class II histocompatibility antigen, A-U α chain-like (H2-Aal) genes, which exist uniquely in the Gigantopelta aegis genome. This finding is important for investigating the evolution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights into deep-sea snail genomes and valuable resources for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jie Bai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yue Song
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1,Nanjing 210046, China
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Congyan Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Zenghua Shao
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Nanxi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Xiaoteng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Daxue Road 178, Xiamen 361005, China
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Xiao J, Wang J, Cheng L, Gao S, Li S, Qiu N, Li H, Peng L, Geng F. A puzzle piece of protein N-glycosylation in chicken egg: N-glycoproteome of chicken egg vitelline membrane. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3125-3132. [PMID: 32860793 PMCID: PMC7448747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chicken egg vitelline membrane (CEVM) is an important structure for the transmembrane transport of egg yolk components, protection of the blastodisc, and separation of egg white and egg yolk. In this study, the N-glycoproteome of the CEVM was mapped and analyzed in depth. Total protein of the CEVM was digested, and the glycopeptides were enriched by a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography microcolumn and identified by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 435 N-glycosylation sites on 208 N-glycoproteins were identified in CEVM. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that CEVM N-glycoproteins are mainly involved in the regulation of proteinases/inhibitors and transmembrane transport of lipids. Mucin-5B is the primary N-glycoprotein in the CEVM. Comparison of the main N-glycoproteins between the CEVM and other egg parts revealed the tissue specificity of N-glycosylation of egg proteins. The results provide insights into protein N-glycosylation in the chicken egg, CEVM functions and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Sihai Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Shugang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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18
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Miles S, Velasco-de-Andrés M, Lozano F, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Interactome analysis of CD5 and CD6 ectodomains with tegumental antigens from the helminth parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3718-3728. [PMID: 32891642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite affecting both human and livestock health. Recombinant ectodomains of human scavenger receptors CD5 (rshCD5) and CD6 (rshCD6) were previously reported to bind its tegumental antigens and to exert prophylactic effects in a murine model of infection. Although the properties of mammalian scavenger receptors include the binding to diverse pathogen-derived structures, their interaction with helminth parasites has been scarcely explored. Therefore, we report here a search for CD5 and CD6 interactors within E. granulosus s.l. antigens. Mass spectrometry analysis of pull-downs from soluble tegumental components with biotinylated rshCD5 and rshCD6 resulted in 17 and 11 overrepresented interactors, respectively, 8 of which were shared. The interactors included previously reported protective molecules against E. granulosus s.l. and/or other helminths. Similar studies performed with 11-mer peptides mapping to each of the three extracellular scavenger domains of CD5 and CD6 allowed an estimated molecular topology of the interactions. In conclusion, the fact that most helminth interactors identified for rshCD5 and rshCD6 were already reported as vaccine candidates or pharmacological targets against different helminthiases, supports the view that their beneficial effects in experimental infection results from binding to multiple relevant tegumental antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, DEPBIO/IQB, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Velasco-de-Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, DEPBIO/IQB, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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19
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Salivary Proteomic Analysis of Betel Nut (Areca catechu) Consumers by Mass Spectrometry Revealed Primary Indication of Oral Malignancies. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Pan X, Zhang D, Nguyen DN, Wei W, Yu X, Gao F, Sangild PT. Postnatal Gut Immunity and Microbiota Development Is Minimally Affected by Prenatal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:420. [PMID: 32265914 PMCID: PMC7098537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis (CA), resulting from intra-amniotic inflammation, is a frequent cause of preterm birth and exposes the immature intestine to bacterial toxins and/or inflammatory mediators before birth via fetal swallowing. This may affect intestinal immune development, interacting with the effects of enteral feeding and gut microbiota colonization just after birth. Using preterm pigs as model for preterm infants, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to gram-negative endotoxin influences postnatal bacterial colonization and gut immune development. Pig fetuses were given intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 days before preterm delivery by cesarean section and were compared with littermate controls (CON) at birth and after 5 days of formula feeding and spontaneous bacterial colonization. Amniotic fluid was collected for analysis of leukocyte counts and cytokines, and the distal small intestine was analyzed for endotoxin level, morphology, and immune cell counts. Intestinal gene expression and microbiota were analyzed by transcriptomics and metagenomics, respectively. At birth, LPS-exposed pigs showed higher intestinal endotoxin, neutrophil/macrophage density, and shorter villi. About 1.0% of intestinal genes were affected at birth, and DMBT1, a regulator of mucosal immune defense, was identified as the hub gene in the co-expression network. Genes related to innate immune response (TLR2, LBP, CD14, C3, SFTPD), neutrophil chemotaxis (C5AR1, CSF3R, CCL5), and antigen processing (MHC II genes and CD4) were also affected, and expression levels correlated with intestinal neutrophil/macrophage density and amniotic fluid cytokine levels. On day 5, LPS and CON pigs showed similar sensitivity to necrotizing enterocolitis, endotoxin levels, morphology, immune cell counts, gene expressions, and microbiota composition (except for difference in some low-abundant species). Our results show that CA markedly affects intestinal genes at preterm birth, including genes related to immune cell infiltration. However, a few days later, following the physiological adaptations to preterm birth, CA had limited effects on intestinal structure, function, gene expression, bacterial colonization, and necrotizing enterocolitis sensitivity. We conclude that short-term, prenatal intra-amniotic inflammation is unlikely to exert marked effects on intestinal immune development in preterm neonates beyond the immediate neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Du Zhang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Wei
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Per T Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Reichhardt MP, Loimaranta V, Lea SM, Johnson S. Structures of SALSA/DMBT1 SRCR domains reveal the conserved ligand-binding mechanism of the ancient SRCR fold. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/4/e201900502. [PMID: 32098784 PMCID: PMC7043408 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures of SALSA SRCR domains 1 and 8 reveal a cation-dependent mechanism for ligand recognition, contributing to important roles in the immune system and cellular signalling. The cation-binding sites are conserved across all SRCR domains, suggesting conserved functional mechanisms. The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family of proteins comprises more than 20 membrane-associated and secreted molecules. Characterised by the presence of one or more copies of the ∼110 amino-acid SRCR domain, this class of proteins have widespread functions as antimicrobial molecules, scavenger receptors, and signalling receptors. Despite the high level of structural conservation of SRCR domains, no unifying mechanism for ligand interaction has been described. The SRCR protein SALSA, also known as DMBT1/gp340, is a key player in mucosal immunology. Based on detailed structural data of SALSA SRCR domains 1 and 8, we here reveal a novel universal ligand-binding mechanism for SALSA ligands. The binding interface incorporates a dual cation-binding site, which is highly conserved across the SRCR superfamily. Along with the well-described cation dependency on most SRCR domain–ligand interactions, our data suggest that the binding mechanism described for the SALSA SRCR domains is applicable to all SRCR domains. We thus propose to have identified in SALSA a conserved functional mechanism for the SRCR class of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Phillips RA, Kraev I, Lange S. Protein Deimination and Extracellular Vesicle Profiles in Antarctic Seabirds. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E15. [PMID: 31936359 PMCID: PMC7168935 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds are amongst the most threatened of all avian groups. They face a range of immunological challenges which seem destined to increase due to environmental changes in their breeding and foraging habitats, affecting prey resources and exposure to pollution and pathogens. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for the assessment of their health status is of considerable importance. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner. PAD-mediated deimination can cause structural and functional changes in target proteins, allowing for protein moonlighting in physiological and pathophysiological processes. PADs furthermore contribute to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play important roles in cellular communication. In the present study, post-translationally deiminated protein and EV profiles of plasma were assessed in eight seabird species from the Antarctic, representing two avian orders: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) and Charadriiformes (waders, auks, gulls and skuas). We report some differences between the species assessed, with the narrowest EV profiles of 50-200 nm in the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli, and the highest abundance of larger 250-500 nm EVs in the brown skua Stercorarius antarcticus. The seabird EVs were positive for phylogenetically conserved EV markers and showed characteristic EV morphology. Post-translational deimination was identified in a range of key plasma proteins critical for immune response and metabolic pathways in three of the bird species under study; the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, south polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki and northern giant petrel. Some differences in Gene Ontology (GO) biological and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins were observed between these three species. This indicates that target proteins for deimination may differ, potentially contributing to a range of physiological functions relating to metabolism and immune response, as well as to key defence mechanisms. PAD protein homologues were identified in the seabird plasma by Western blotting via cross-reaction with human PAD antibodies, at an expected 75 kDa size. This is the first study to profile EVs and to identify deiminated proteins as putative novel plasma biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds. These biomarkers may be further refined to become useful indicators of physiological and immunological status in seabirds-many of which are globally threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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23
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Yang J, Deng D, Brandt BW, Nazmi K, Wu Y, Crielaard W, Ligtenberg AJM. Diversity of SpaP in genetic and salivary agglutinin mediated adherence among Streptococcus mutans strains. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19943. [PMID: 31882747 PMCID: PMC6934801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans SpaP mediates the binding of this cariogenic bacteria to tooth surfaces. It was reported that the SpaP of S. mutans clinical isolates could be classified to 2 genotypes, type A and B. Our aims are to examine spaP genotypes in often-used S. mutans laboratory strains as well as clinical isolates and to explore the relationship between the genotypes of S. mutans strains and their adherence to salivary-agglutinin (SAG). The sequences of SpaP of 11 S. mutans strains were analyzed with alignment tools. Out of these strains, 9 strains were examined for their adherence to SAG-coated surfaces. The SpaP expression on the cell surfaces and in the spent media of 9 strains were examined by a dot-blot assay. Based on the alignment of the variable V region of SpaP, 9 strains were classified as previously-defined type-A and 3 strains type-B. Among type-B strains, the SpaPs of GS5 and HG723 contain a premature stop codon which resulted in loss of adherence and absence of SpaP expression on the cell surfaces. However, clear SpaP expression was observed in the spent media of both strains. The type-B strain UA159 demonstrated low SpaP expression on the cell surface, but it showed similar adherence ability as the type-A strains. In conclusion, the presence of SpaP on the cell surface determines the adherence of S. mutans to SAG. No difference in SAG-mediated adherence could be seen between type A and B strains, probably due to the limited number of type B strain tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases & Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases & Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M Ligtenberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Lee GKC, Tessier L, Bienzle D. Salivary Scavenger and Agglutinin (SALSA) Is Expressed in Mucosal Epithelial Cells and Decreased in Bronchial Epithelium of Asthmatic Horses. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:418. [PMID: 31850379 PMCID: PMC6896824 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Salivary Scavenger and Agglutinin (SALSA) protein is an innate immune protein with various alleged functions, including the regulation of inflammation and tissue remodeling. Transcriptomic studies of severe equine asthma (SEA) showed downregulation of the gene encoding SALSA in bronchial epithelium of asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic horses. This study aimed to characterize expression of SALSA in equine tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC), corroborate potential differences in epithelial gene expression between asthmatic and non-asthmatic horses, and assess the structure of equine SALSA. An antibody against SALSA was validated through immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry and Western blotting to recognize the equine protein. This antibody was applied to tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 22 tissues each from four horses. A quantitative PCR assay was designed to compare gene expression for SALSA between six asthmatic and six non-asthmatic horses, before and after an asthmatic challenge, using cDNA from endoscopic bronchial biopsies as source material. The SALSA gene from bronchial cDNA samples of 10 horses, was amplified and sequenced, and translated to characterize the protein structure. Immunostaining for SALSA was detected in the mucosal surfaces of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, stomach, small intestine and bladder, in pancreatic and salivary gland ducts, and in uterine gland epithelium. Staining was strongest in the duodenum, and the intercalated ducts and Demilune cells of the salivary gland. SALSA was concentrated in the apical regions of the epithelial cell cytoplasm, suggestive of a secreted protein. Gene expression was significantly lower (p = 0.031) in asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic horses. Equine SALSA consisted of three to five scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, two CUB (C1r/C1s, uegf, bmp-1) domains and one Zona Pellucida domain. These domains mediate the binding of ligands involved in innate immunity. Varying numbers of SRCR domains were identified in different horses, indicating different isoforms. In summary, equine SALSA has a predilection for mucosal sites, has multiple isoforms, and has decreased expression in asthmatic horses, suggesting alterations in innate immunity in equine asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Tessier
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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25
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Zhu F, Qiu N, Sun H, Meng Y, Zhou Y. Integrated Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Analyses of Chicken Egg during Embryonic Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11675-11683. [PMID: 31545598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To better appreciate the alterations of egg proteins and their modifications during embryonic development, a comparative and quantitative study was performed aimed at chicken egg white and yolk proteome and N-glycoproteome after 12 days of incubation using tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling technology in conjunction with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). A total of 334 unique N-glycosite-containing peptides from 153 N-glycoproteins were identified, of which 82 N-glycosite-containing peptides showed significant changes after 12 days of incubation. The varied proteome was mainly involved with antibacterial, ionic binding, cell proliferation, and embryonic development, while the different degrading and/or absorbing priorities of egg proteins were proposed. This study provides substantial insight into the effects of N-glycoprotein variations on the utilization of egg proteins by chicken embryo during incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
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26
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An Evolutionary Perspective on the Impact of Genomic Copy Number Variation on Human Health. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:104-119. [PMID: 31522275 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs), deletions and duplications of segments of DNA, account for at least five times more variable base pairs in humans than single-nucleotide variants. Several common CNVs were shown to change coding and regulatory sequences and thus dramatically affect adaptive phenotypes involving immunity, perception, metabolism, skin structure, among others. Some of these CNVs were also associated with susceptibility to cancer, infection, and metabolic disorders. These observations raise the possibility that CNVs are a primary contributor to human phenotypic variation and consequently evolve under selective pressures. Indeed, locus-specific haplotype-level analyses revealed signatures of natural selection on several CNVs. However, more traditional tests of selection which are often applied to single-nucleotide variation often have diminished statistical power when applied to CNVs because they often do not show strong linkage disequilibrium with nearby variants. Recombination-based formation mechanisms of CNVs lead to frequent recurrence and gene conversion events, breaking the linkage disequilibrium involving CNVs. Similar methodological challenges also prevent routine genome-wide association studies to adequately investigate the impact of CNVs on heritable human disease. Thus, we argue that the full relevance of CNVs to human health and evolution is yet to be elucidated. We further argue that a holistic investigation of formation mechanisms within an evolutionary framework would provide a powerful framework to understand the functional and biomedical impact of CNVs. In this paper, we review several cases where studies reveal diverse evolutionary histories and unexpected functional consequences of CNVs. We hope that this review will encourage further work on CNVs by both evolutionary and medical geneticists.
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27
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DMBT1 inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa twitching motility involves its N-glycosylation and cannot be conferred by the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich bacteria-binding peptide domain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13146. [PMID: 31511582 PMCID: PMC6739395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The scavenging capacity of glycoprotein DMBT1 helps defend mucosal epithelia against microbes. DMBT1 binding to multiple bacterial species involves its conserved Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR) domains, localized to a 16-mer consensus sequence peptide, SRCRP2. Previously, we showed that DMBT1 bound Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili, and inhibited twitching motility, a pilus-mediated movement important for virulence. Here, we determined molecular characteristics required for twitching motility inhibition. Heat-denatured DMBT1 lost capacity to inhibit twitching motility and showed reduced pili binding (~40%). Size-exclusion chromatography of Lys-C-digested native DMBT1 showed that only high-Mw fractions retained activity, suggesting involvement of the N-terminal containing repeated SRCR domains with glycosylated SRCR-Interspersed Domains (SIDs). However, individual or pooled consensus sequence peptides (SRCRPs 1 to 7) showed no activity and did not bind P. aeruginosa pili; nor did recombinant DMBT1 (aa 1–220) or another SRCR-rich glycoprotein, CD163. Enzymatic de-N-glycosylation of DMBT1, but not de-O-glycosylation, reduced its capacity to inhibit twitching motility (~57%), without reducing pili binding. Therefore, DMBT1 inhibition of P. aeruginosa twitching motility involves its N-glycosylation, its pili-binding capacity is insufficient, and it cannot be conferred by the SRCR bacteria-binding peptide domain, either alone or mixed with other unlinked SRCRPs, suggesting an additional mechanism for DMBT1-mediated mucosal defense.
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28
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Meng Y, Qiu N, Geng F, Huo Y, Sun H, Keast R. Identification of the Duck Egg White N-Glycoproteome and Insight into the Course of Biological Evolution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9950-9957. [PMID: 31403788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification that modulates protein properties, thereby influencing bioactivities within a system. Duck egg white (DEW) proteins exhibit diverse biological properties compared with their chicken egg white (CEW) counterparts, which might be related to glycosylation. N-Glycoproteome analysis of DEW was conducted, and a total of 231 N-glycosites from 68 N-glycoproteins were identified. Gene ontology analysis was used to elucidate the biofunctions of DEW N-glycoproteins and compare them with those of CEW, which showed that the differences mostly involved molecular functions and biological processes. The biological functions of DEW N-glycoproteins were illuminated through bioinformatics analysis and comparison with CEW orthologues, which showed different allergenicities and antibacterial abilities. These divergences might be initiated by specific alterations in glycosylation, which can enhance the proteolysis resistance and protein steric hindrance. These results provide new insights for discovering the effects of N-glycosylation on biofunctions during the divergence of homologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , PR China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science , Hubei University of Arts and Science , Xiangyang 441053 , PR China
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering , Chengdu University , No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue , Chengdu 610106 , PR China
| | - Yinqiang Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science , Hubei University of Arts and Science , Xiangyang 441053 , PR China
| | - Haohao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , PR China
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Deakin University , Burwood , Victoria 3125 , Australia
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Transcriptional characterisation of the Exaiptasia pallida pedal disc. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:581. [PMID: 31299887 PMCID: PMC6626399 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological adhesion (bioadhesion), enables organisms to attach to surfaces as well as to a range of other targets. Bioadhesion evolved numerous times independently and is ubiquitous throughout the kingdoms of life. To date, investigations have focussed on various taxa of animals, plants and bacteria, but the fundamental processes underlying bioadhesion and the degree of conservation in different biological systems remain poorly understood. This study had two aims: 1) To characterise tissue-specific gene regulation in the pedal disc of the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida, and 2) to elucidate putative genes involved in pedal disc adhesion. RESULTS Five hundred and forty-seven genes were differentially expressed in the pedal disc compared to the rest of the animal. Four hundred and twenty-seven genes were significantly upregulated and 120 genes were significantly downregulated. Forty-one condensed gene ontology terms and 19 protein superfamily classifications were enriched in the pedal disc. Eight condensed gene ontology terms and 11 protein superfamily classifications were depleted. Enriched superfamilies were consistent with classifications identified previously as important for the bioadhesion of unrelated marine invertebrates. A host of genes involved in regulation of extracellular matrix generation and degradation were identified, as well as others related to development and immunity. Ab initio prediction identified 173 upregulated genes that putatively code for extracellularly secreted proteins. CONCLUSION The analytical workflow facilitated identification of genes putatively involved in adhesion, immunity, defence and development of the E. pallida pedal disc. When defence, immunity and development-related genes were identified, those remaining corresponded most closely to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), implicating ECM in the adhesion of anemones to surfaces. This study therefore provides a valuable high-throughput resource for the bioadhesion community and lays a foundation for further targeted research to elucidate bioadhesion in the Cnidaria.
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Wang K, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang L. Human salivary proteins and their peptidomimetics: Values of function, early diagnosis, and therapeutic potential in combating dental caries. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 99:31-42. [PMID: 30599395 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva contains a large number of proteins that play various crucial roles to maintain the oral health and tooth integrity. This oral fluid is proposed to be one of the most important host factors, serving as a special medium for monitoring aspects of microorganisms, diet and host susceptibility involved in the caries process. Extensive salivary proteomic and peptidomic studies have resulted in considerable advances in the field of biomarkers discovery for dental caries. These salivary biomarkers may be exploited for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of dental caries, many of which could also provide the potential templates for bioactive peptides used for the biomimetic management of dental caries, rather than repairing caries lesions with artificial materials. A comprehensive understanding of the biological function of salivary proteins as well as their derived biomimetic peptides with promising potential against dental caries has been long awaited. This review overviewed a collection of current literature and addressed the majority of different functions of salivary proteins and peptides with their potential as functional biomarkers for caries risk assessment and clinical prospects for the anti-caries application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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31
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Cross BW, Ruhl S. Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:19-33. [PMID: 30274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Cross
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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32
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Glycoprotein 340 in mucosal immunity and ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2018; 16:282-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Martínez-Florensa M, Català C, Velasco-de Andrés M, Cañadas O, Fraile-Ágreda V, Casadó-Llombart S, Armiger-Borràs N, Consuegra-Fernández M, Casals C, Lozano F. Conserved Bacterial-Binding Peptides of the Scavenger-Like Human Lymphocyte Receptor CD6 Protect From Mouse Experimental Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:627. [PMID: 29706953 PMCID: PMC5906529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an unmet clinical need constituting one of the most important causes of death worldwide, a fact aggravated by the appearance of multidrug resistant strains due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Host innate immune receptors involved in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition represent a source of broad-spectrum therapies alternative or adjunctive to antibiotics. Among the few members of the ancient and highly conserved scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF) sharing bacterial-binding properties there is CD6, a lymphocyte-specific surface receptor. Here, we analyze the bacterial-binding properties of three conserved short peptides (11-mer) mapping at extracellular SRCR domains of human CD6 (CD6.PD1, GTVEVRLEASW; CD6.PD2 GRVEMLEHGEW; and CD6.PD3, GQVEVHFRGVW). All peptides show high binding affinity for PAMPs from Gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide; Kd from 3.5 to 3,000 nM) and Gram-positive (lipoteichoic acid; Kd from 36 to 680 nM) bacteria. The CD6.PD3 peptide possesses broad bacterial-agglutination properties and improved survival of mice undergoing polymicrobial sepsis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Accordingly, CD6.PD3 triggers a decrease in serum levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial load. Interestingly, CD6.PD3 shows additive survival effects on septic mice when combined with Imipenem/Cilastatin. These results illustrate the therapeutic potential of peptides retaining the bacterial-binding properties of native CD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martínez-Florensa
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Cañadas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Fraile-Ágreda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Armiger-Borràs
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Roldán ML, Teijeiro JM, Ruiz Álvarez J, Marini PE. Sperm binding to porcine oviductal cells is mediated by SRCR domains contained in DMBT1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3755-3762. [PMID: 29240248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oviduct is an organ in which a subpopulation of sperm is stored in a reservoir, preserving its fertilizing potential. In porcine, two oviductal proteins have been identified in relation to sperm binding, Annexin A2 and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1 (DMBT1). DMBT1 is a multifunctional, multidomain glycoprotein, and the characteristics of all of its domains, as well as its carbohydrates, make them candidates for sperm binding. In this work, we challenge sperm for binding to pig oviductal cells on primary culture, after treatment with antibodies specific for the different domains present in DMBT1. Only anti-SRCR antibodies produced inhibition of sperm binding to cells. Thus, SRCR is the main domain in DMBT1 promoted sperm binding to form the reservoir in the oviduct, and this function is probably elicited through the polypeptide itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Roldán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Teijeiro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ruiz Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Patricia Estela Marini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CIUNR), Rosario, Argentina
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35
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Reichhardt M, Holmskov U, Meri S. SALSA—A dance on a slippery floor with changing partners. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:100-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Agerholm JS, McEvoy FJ, Heegaard S, Charlier C, Jagannathan V, Drögemüller C. A de novo missense mutation of FGFR2 causes facial dysplasia syndrome in Holstein cattle. BMC Genet 2017; 18:74. [PMID: 28768473 PMCID: PMC5541750 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surveillance for bovine genetic diseases in Denmark identified a hitherto unreported congenital syndrome occurring among progeny of a Holstein sire used for artificial breeding. A genetic aetiology due to a dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance or a mosaic germline mutation was suspected as all recorded cases were progeny of the same sire. Detailed investigations were performed to characterize the syndrome and to reveal its cause. Results Seven malformed calves were submitted examination. All cases shared a common morphology with the most striking lesions being severe facial dysplasia and complete prolapse of the eyes. Consequently the syndrome was named facial dysplasia syndrome (FDS). Furthermore, extensive brain malformations, including microencephaly, hydrocephalus, lobation of the cerebral hemispheres and compression of the brain were present. Subsequent data analysis of progeny of the sire revealed that around 0.5% of his offspring suffered from FDS. High density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data of the seven cases and their parents were used to map the defect in the bovine genome. Significant genetic linkage was obtained for three regions, including chromosome 26 where whole genome sequencing of a case-parent trio revealed two de novo variants perfectly associated with the disease: an intronic SNP in the DMBT1 gene and a single non-synonymous variant in the FGFR2 gene. This FGFR2 missense variant (c.927G>T) affects a gene encoding a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and across species. It is predicted to change an evolutionary conserved tryptophan into a cysteine residue (p.Trp309Cys). Both variant alleles were proven to result from de novo mutation events in the germline of the sire. Conclusions FDS is a novel genetic disorder of Holstein cattle. Mutations in the human FGFR2 gene are associated with various dominant inherited craniofacial dysostosis syndromes. Given the phenotypic similarities in FDS affected calves, the genetic mapping and absence of further high impact variants in the critical genome regions, it is highly likely that the missense mutation in the FGFR2 gene caused the FDS phenotype in a dominant mode of inheritance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0541-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen S Agerholm
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870, Frederiksberg C, DK, Denmark.
| | - Fintan J McEvoy
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870, Frederiksberg C, DK, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, DK, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, DK, Denmark
| | - Carole Charlier
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R & Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
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Tuttolomondo M, Casella C, Hansen PL, Polo E, Herda LM, Dawson KA, Ditzel HJ, Mollenhauer J. Human DMBT1-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Intracellular siRNA Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:264-276. [PMID: 28918028 PMCID: PMC5514624 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising molecule for gene therapy, but its therapeutic administration remains problematic. Among the recently proposed vectors, cell-penetrating peptides show great promise in in vivo trials for siRNA delivery. Human protein DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumor 1) is a pattern recognition molecule that interacts with polyanions and recognizes and aggregates bacteria. Taking advantage of these properties, we investigated whether specific synthetic DMBT1-derived peptides could be used to formulate nanoparticles for siRNA administration. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and UV spectra, we identified two DMBT1 peptides that could encapsulate the siRNA with a self- and co-assembly mechanism. The complexes were stable for at least 2 hr in the presence of either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or RNase A, with peptide-dependent time span protection. ζ-potential, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy revealed negatively charged nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10–800 nm, depending on the reaction conditions, and a spherical or rice-shaped morphology, depending on the peptide and β-helix conformation. We successfully transfected human MCF7 cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-DMBT1-peptide-Cy3-siRNA complexes. Finally, DMBT1 peptides encapsulating an siRNA targeting a fluorescent reporter gene showed efficient gene silencing in MCF7-recombinant cells. These results lay the foundation for a new research line to exploit DMBT1-peptide nanocomplexes for therapeutic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tuttolomondo
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Cinzia Casella
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Lund Hansen
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Luciana M Herda
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jan Mollenhauer
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Mucosal fluid glycoprotein DMBT1 suppresses twitching motility and virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006392. [PMID: 28489917 PMCID: PMC5440049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally thought that mucosal fluids protect underlying epithelial surfaces against opportunistic infection via their antimicrobial activity. However, our published data show that human tear fluid can protect against the major opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa independently of bacteriostatic activity. Here, we explored the mechanisms for tear protection, focusing on impacts of tear fluid on bacterial virulence factor expression. Results showed that tear fluid suppressed twitching motility, a type of surface-associated movement conferred by pili. Previously, we showed that twitching is critical for P. aeruginosa traversal of corneal epithelia, exit from epithelial cells after internalization, and corneal virulence. Inhibition of twitching by tear fluid was dose-dependent with dilutions to 6.25% retaining activity. Purified lactoferrin, lysozyme, and contrived tears containing these, and many other, tear components lacked the activity. Systematic protein fractionation, mass spectrometry, and immunoprecipitation identified the glycoprotein DMBT1 (Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1) in tear fluid as required. DMBT1 purified from human saliva also inhibited twitching, as well as P. aeruginosa traversal of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro, and reduced disease pathology in a murine model of corneal infection. DMBT1 did not affect PilA expression, nor bacterial intracellular cyclicAMP levels, and suppressed twitching motility of P. aeruginosa chemotaxis mutants (chpB, pilK), and an adenylate cyclase mutant (cyaB). However, dot-immunoblot assays showed purified DMBT1 binding of pili extracted from PAO1 suggesting that twitching inhibition may involve a direct interaction with pili. The latter could affect extension or retraction of pili, their interactions with biotic or abiotic surfaces, or cause their aggregation. Together, the data suggest that DMBT1 inhibition of twitching motility contributes to the mechanisms by which mucosal fluids protect against P. aeruginosa infection. This study also advances our understanding of how mucosal fluids protect against infection, and suggests directions for novel biocompatible strategies to protect our surface epithelia against a major opportunistic pathogen.
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Transient and Prolonged Response of Chicken Cecum Mucosa to Colonization with Different Gut Microbiota. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163932. [PMID: 27685470 PMCID: PMC5042506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we determined protein and gene expression in the caeca of newly hatched chickens inoculated with cecal contents sourced from hens of different ages. Over 250 proteins exhibited modified expression levels in response to microbiota inoculation. The most significant inductions were observed for ISG12-2, OASL, ES1, LYG2, DMBT1-L, CDD, ANGPTL6, B2M, CUZD1, IgM and Ig lambda chain. Of these, ISG12-2, ES1 and both immunoglobulins were expressed at lower levels in germ-free chickens compared to conventional chickens. In contrast, CELA2A, BRT-2, ALDH1A1, ADH1C, AKR1B1L, HEXB, ALDH2, ALDOB, CALB1 and TTR were expressed at lower levels following inoculation of microbiota. When chicks were given microbiota preparations from different age donors, the recipients mounted differential responses to the inoculation which also differed from the response profile in naturally colonised birds. For example, B2M, CUZD1 and CELA2A responded differently to the inoculation with microbiota of 4- or 40-week-old hens. The increased or decreased gene expression could be recorded 6 weeks after the inoculation of newly hatched chickens. To characterise the proteins that may directly interact with the microbiota we characterised chicken proteins that co-purified with the microbiota and identified a range of host proteins including CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda. We propose that induction of ISG12-2 results in reduced apoptosis of host cells exposed to the colonizing commensal microbiota and that CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda reduce contact of luminal microbiota with the gut epithelium thereby reducing the inflammatory response.
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Gunput STG, Wouters D, Nazmi K, Cukkemane N, Brouwer M, Veerman ECI, Ligtenberg AJM. Salivary agglutinin is the major component in human saliva that modulates the lectin pathway of the complement system. Innate Immun 2016; 22:257-65. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425916642614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva interacts with blood after mucosal damage or leakage of gingival crevicular fluid. Surface-adsorbed salivary agglutinin (SAG) activates the lectin pathway (LP) of the complement system via mannose-binding lectin, while SAG in solution inhibits complement activation. In the present study we investigated if, next to SAG, whole and glandular saliva itself and other salivary glycoproteins activate or inhibit the LP. Complement activation was measured by detecting C4 deposition on microtiter plates coated with saliva or purified proteins. Complement inhibition was measured after incubating serum with saliva or proteins in microtiter plates coated with mannan, an LP activator. Adsorbed whole, sublingual and submandibular saliva showed LP-dependent complement activation. Blood group secretors, but not non-secretors, activated the LP. Saliva of both secretors and non-secretors inhibited C4 deposition on mannan. After depletion of SAG, saliva no longer inhibited the LP. Other salivary proteins, including amylase, MUC5B and histatin 2, did not activate or inhibit the LP. Surface-adsorbed whole saliva and glandular saliva samples activate the LP of complement, depending on the presence of SAG and the secretor status of the donor. In solution, saliva inhibits the LP, depending on the presence of SAG, but independent of the secretor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina TG Gunput
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Wouters
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nivedita Cukkemane
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Brouwer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enno CI Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon JM Ligtenberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kautto L, Nguyen-Khuong T, Everest-Dass A, Leong A, Zhao Z, Willcox MD, Packer NH, Peterson R. Glycan involvement in the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tears. Exp Eye Res 2016; 145:278-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hu S, Qiu N, Liu Y, Zhao H, Gao D, Song R, Ma M. Identification and comparative proteomic study of quail and duck egg white protein using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1137-44. [PMID: 26957635 PMCID: PMC4957533 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A proteomic study of egg white proteins from 2 major poultry species, namely quail (Coturnix coturnix) and duck (Anas platyrhynchos), was performed with comparison to those of chicken (Gallus gallus) through 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis. By using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS/MS), 29 protein spots representing 10 different kinds of proteins as well as 17 protein spots designating 9 proteins were successfully identified in quail and duck egg white, respectively. This report suggested a closer relationship between quail and chicken egg white proteome patterns, whereas the duck egg white protein distribution on the 2-DE map was more distinct. In duck egg white, some well-known major proteins, such as ovomucoid, clusterin, extracellular fatty acid-binding protein precursor (ex-FABP), and prostaglandin D2 synthase (PG D2 synthase), were not detected, while two major protein spots identified as “deleted in malignant brain tumors 1” protein (DMBT1) and vitellogenin-2 were found specific to duck in the corresponding range on the 2-DE gel map. These interspecies diversities may be associated with the egg white protein functions in cell defense or regulating/supporting the embryonic development to adapt to the inhabiting environment or reproduction demand during long-term evolution. The findings of this work will give insight into the advantages involved in the application on egg white proteins from various egg sources, which may present novel beneficial properties in the food industry or related to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - N Qiu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Y Liu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - H Zhao
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - D Gao
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - R Song
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - M Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
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Reichhardt MP, Meri S. SALSA: A Regulator of the Early Steps of Complement Activation on Mucosal Surfaces. Front Immunol 2016; 7:85. [PMID: 27014265 PMCID: PMC4781872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is present mainly in blood. However, following mechanical damage or inflammation, serous exudates enter the mucosal surfaces. Here, the complement proteins interact with other endogenous molecules to keep microbes from entering the parenteral tissues. One of the mucosal proteins known to interact with the early complement components of both the classical and the lectin pathway is the salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA). SALSA is also known as deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 and gp340. It is found both attached to the epithelium and secreted into the surrounding fluids of most mucosal surfaces. SALSA has been shown to bind directly to C1q, mannose-binding lectin, and the ficolins. Through these interactions SALSA regulates activation of the complement system. In addition, SALSA interacts with surfactant proteins A and D, secretory IgA, and lactoferrin. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are examples of diseases, where complement activation in mucosal tissues may occur. This review describes the latest advances in our understanding of how the early complement components interact with the SALSA molecule. Furthermore, we discuss how these interactions may affect disease propagation on mucosal surfaces in immunological and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Parnov Reichhardt
- Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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The Densely O-Glycosylated MUC2 Mucin Protects the Intestine and Provides Food for the Commensal Bacteria. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3221-3229. [PMID: 26880333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
All mucins are highly O-glycosylated by variable glycans depending on species, histoblood group and organ. This makes the intestinal main mucin MUC2 non-degradable by the host digestive system but well by both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. The MUC2 glycans are important for selection of the commensal bacteria and act as a nutritional source for the bacteria; this also helps the host to recover some of the energy spent on constantly renewing the protective mucus layer. Glycosylation is the most diverse and common posttranslational modification of cell surfaces and secreted proteins. N-Glycosylation is most well studied and predictable, whereas O-glycosylation is more diverse and less well understood. O-Glycosylation is also often called mucin-type glycosylation as it is typical for mucins that often have more than 80% of the mass as O-glycans. This review will discuss the mucin-type O-glycosylation and especially the O-glycosylation of human and mice intestinal mucin MUC2 in relation to bacteria and disease.
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Peterson RA, Gueniche A, Adam de Beaumais S, Breton L, Dalko-Csiba M, Packer NH. Sweating the small stuff: Glycoproteins in human sweat and their unexplored potential for microbial adhesion. Glycobiology 2015; 26:218-29. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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le Roex N, Berrington C, Hoal E, van Helden P. Selective breeding: the future of TB management in African buffalo? Acta Trop 2015; 149:38-44. [PMID: 25985909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in regions of southern African has a negative economic impact on the trade of animals and animal products, represents an ecological threat to biodiversity, and poses a health risk to local communities through the wildlife-cattle-human interface. Test and cull methods may not be logistically feasible in many free-range wildlife systems, and with the presence of co-existing BTB hosts and the limited effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in buffalo, there is a need for alternative methods of BTB management. Selective breeding for increased resistance to BTB in buffalo may be a viable method of BTB management in the future, particularly if genetic information can be incorporated into these schemes. To explore this possibility, we discuss the different strategies that can be employed in selective breeding programmes, and consider the implementation of genetic improvement schemes. We reflect on the suitability of applying this strategy for enhanced BTB resistance in African buffalo, and address the challenges of this approach that must be taken into account. Conclusions and the implications for management are presented.
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Patyka M, Malamud D, Weissman D, Abrams WR, Kurago Z. Periluminal Distribution of HIV-Binding Target Cells and Gp340 in the Oral, Cervical and Sigmoid/Rectal Mucosae: A Mapping Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132942. [PMID: 26172445 PMCID: PMC4501766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the transmission of HIV is most likely to occur via rectal or vaginal routes, and rarely through oral exposure. However, the mechanisms of virus entry at mucosal surfaces remain incompletely understood. Prophylactic strategies against HIV infection may be attainable once gaps in current knowledge are filled. To address these gaps, we evaluated essentially normal epithelial surfaces and mapped the periluminal distribution of CD4+ HIV target cells, including T cells and antigen-presenting cells, and an HIV-binding molecule gp340 that can be expressed by epithelial cells in secreted and cell-associated forms. Immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD16, CD3, CD1a and gp340 in human oral, rectal/sigmoid and cervical mucosal samples from HIV-negative subjects demonstrated that periluminal HIV target cells were more prevalent at rectal/sigmoid and endocervical surfaces lined by simple columnar epithelium, than at oral and ectocervical surfaces covered by multilayered stratified squamous epithelium (p<0.001). gp340 expression patterns at these sites were also distinct and strong in oral minor salivary gland acini and ducts, including ductal saliva, in individual rectum/sigmoid and endocervix periluminar columnar cells, and in ectocervix squamous cells. Only weak expression was noted in the oral non-ductal squamous epithelium. We conclude that periluminal HIV target cells, together with periluminal epithelial cell-associated gp340 appear to be most accessible for HIV transmission at rectal/sigmoid and endocervical surfaces. Our data help define vulnerable structural features of mucosal sites exposed to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Patyka
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Malamud
- NYU College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, HIV/AIDS Research Program (HARP), New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU School of Medicine, Infectious Disease, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Drew Weissman
- Medicine (Infectious Disease), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William R. Abrams
- NYU College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, HIV/AIDS Research Program (HARP), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zoya Kurago
- Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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Evolution of the rapidly mutating human salivary agglutinin gene (DMBT1) and population subsistence strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5105-10. [PMID: 25848046 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416531112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary change resulting from the domestication of plant and animal species and development of agriculture at different locations across the world was one of the most significant changes in human evolution. An increase in dietary carbohydrates caused an increase in dental caries following the development of agriculture, mediated by the cariogenic oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Salivary agglutinin [SAG, encoded by the deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) gene] is an innate immune receptor glycoprotein that binds a variety of bacteria and viruses, and mediates attachment of S. mutans to hydroxyapatite on the surface of the tooth. In this study we show that multiallelic copy number variation (CNV) within DMBT1 is extensive across all populations and is predicted to result in between 7-20 scavenger-receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains within each SAG molecule. Direct observation of de novo mutation in multigeneration families suggests these CNVs have a very high mutation rate for a protein-coding locus, with a mutation rate of up to 5% per gamete. Given that the SRCR domains bind S. mutans and hydroxyapatite in the tooth, we investigated the association of sequence diversity at the SAG-binding gene of S. mutans, and DMBT1 CNV. Furthermore, we show that DMBT1 CNV is also associated with a history of agriculture across global populations, suggesting that dietary change as a result of agriculture has shaped the pattern of CNV at DMBT1, and that the DMBT1-S. mutans interaction is a promising model of host-pathogen-culture coevolution in humans.
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Joo NS, Evans IAT, Cho HJ, Park IH, Engelhardt JF, Wine JJ. Proteomic analysis of pure human airway gland mucus reveals a large component of protective proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116756. [PMID: 25706550 PMCID: PMC4338240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway submucosal glands contribute to innate immunity and protect the lungs by secreting mucus, which is required for mucociliary clearance and which also contains antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proteolytic and anti-oxidant proteins. We stimulated glands in tracheal trimmings from three lung donors and collected droplets of uncontaminated mucus as they formed at the gland orifices under an oil layer. We analyzed the mucus using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis identified 5486 peptides and 441 proteins from across the 3 samples (269-319 proteins per subject). We focused on 269 proteins common to at least 2 0f 3 subjects, of which 102 (38%) had protective or innate immunity functions. While many of these have long been known to play such roles, for many others their cellular protective functions have only recently been appreciated in addition to their well-studied biologic functions (e.g. annexins, apolipoproteins, gelsolin, hemoglobin, histones, keratins, and lumican). A minority of the identified proteins are known to be secreted via conventional exocytosis, suggesting that glandular secretion occurs via multiple mechanisms. Two of the observed protective proteins, major vault protein and prohibitin, have not been observed in fluid from human epithelial cultures or in fluid from nasal or bronchoalveolar lavage. Further proteomic analysis of pure gland mucus may help clarify how healthy airways maintain a sterile environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Soo Joo
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Idil Apak T. Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Il-Ho Park
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Wine
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
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50
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Mörtstedt H, Ali N, Kåredal M, Jacobsson H, Rietz E, Diab KK, Nielsen J, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH. Targeted proteomic analyses of nasal lavage fluid in persulfate-challenged hairdressers with bleaching powder-associated rhinitis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:860-73. [PMID: 25546367 DOI: 10.1021/pr5009306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hairdressers have an increased risk for developing airway symptoms, for example, asthma and rhinitis. Persulfates, which are oxidizing agents in bleaching powder, are considered important causal agents for these symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim was therefore to measure proteomic changes in nasal lavage fluid from persulfate-challenged subjects to identify proteins potentially involved in the pathogenesis of bleaching powder-associated rhinitis or candidate effect biomarkers for persulfate. Also, oxidized peptides were measured to evaluate their usefulness as biomarkers for persulfate exposure or effect, for example, oxidative stress. Samples from hairdressers with and without bleaching powder-associated rhinitis were analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring to target 246 proteins and five oxidized peptides. Pathway analysis was applied to obtain a functional overview of the proteins. Several proteins involved in biologically meaningful pathways, functions, or disorders, for example, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, epithelium integrity, and dermatological disorders, changed after the persulfate challenge. A list with nine proteins that appeared to be affected by the persulfate challenge and should be followed up was defined. An albumin peptide containing oxidized tryptophan increased 2 h and 5 h after the challenge but not after 20 min, which indicates that such peptides may be useful as oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Mörtstedt
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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