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Yu W, Wang L, Ren WY, Xu HX, Wu NN, Yu DH, Reiter RJ, Zha WL, Guo QD, Ren J. SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin alleviates cardiac remodeling and contractile anomalies in a FUNDC1-dependent manner in experimental Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:87-97. [PMID: 37679644 PMCID: PMC10770167 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows a close link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiac dysfunction with limited treatment options. Mitophagy plays a crucial role in the control of mitochondrial quantity, metabolic reprogramming and cell differentiation. Mutation of the mitophagy protein Parkin is directly associated with the onset of PD. Parkin-independent receptor-mediated mitophagy is also documented such as BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) for receptor-mediated mitophagy. In this study we investigated cardiac function and mitophagy including FUNDC1 in PD patients and mouse models, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. MPTP-induced PD model was established. PD patients and MPTP mice not only displayed pronounced motor defects, but also low plasma FUNDC1 levels, as well as cardiac ultrastructural and geometric anomalies (cardiac atrophy, interstitial fibrosis), functional anomalies (reduced E/A ratio, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, cardiomyocyte contraction) and mitochondrial injury (ultrastructural damage, UCP2, PGC1α, elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake proteins MCU and VDAC1, and mitochondrial apoptotic protein calpain), dampened autophagy, FUNDC1 mitophagy and apoptosis. By Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found overtly altered glucose transmembrane transport in the midbrains of MPTP-treated mice. Intriguingly, administration of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (10 mg/kg, i.p., twice per week for 2 weeks) in MPTP-treated mice significantly ameliorated myocardial anomalies (with exception of VDAC1), but did not reconcile the motor defects or plasma FUNDC1. FUNDC1 global knockout (FUNDC1-/- mice) did not elicit any phenotype on cardiac geometry or function in the absence or presence of MPTP insult, but it nullified empagliflozin-caused cardioprotection against MPTP-induced cardiac anomalies including remodeling (atrophy and fibrosis), contractile dysfunction, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial (including MCU, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, calpain, PARP1) and apoptotic anomalies. In neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, treatment with PD neurotoxin preformed fibrils of α-synuclein (PFF) caused cytochrome c release and cardiomyocyte mechanical defects. These effects were mitigated by empagliflozin (10 μM) or MCU inhibitor Ru360 (10 μM). MCU activator kaempferol (10 μM) or calpain activator dibucaine (500 μM) nullified the empagliflozin-induced beneficial effects. These results suggest that empagliflozin protects against PD-induced cardiac anomalies, likely through FUNDC1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei-Ying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yu
- Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Liang Zha
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Qing-Dong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Khan MS, Liu C, Meng F, Yang M, Zhou K, Hu R, Wang X, Dai K. X-rays Stimulate Granular Secretions and Activate Protein Kinase C Signaling in Human Platelets. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6024-6039. [PMID: 37504296 PMCID: PMC10378519 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
X-rays can induce morphological as well as functional changes in cells. Platelets are anuclear cellular fragments originating from megakaryocytes and are the major regulators in hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelet products are irradiated to avoid medical complications associated with platelet transfusion. So far, gamma, UV, and laser radiation have been used for this purpose. However, scientists are divided about the effects of radiation on platelet quality. The present study was designed to explore the possible effects of X-rays in washed human platelets and understand the molecular mechanism behind them. In the present study, we exposed washed human platelets to 10 or 30 Gy X-rays at 0.25 Gy/min. Flow cytometry, aggregometry, and western blot were performed to investigate the effect of X-rays on platelet degranulation, integrin activation, platelet aggregation, and apoptosis. It was found that X-rays immediately induced granular secretions with no effect on GP IIb/IIIa activation. Not surprisingly, due to granule secretions in irradiated platelets, platelet aggregation was significantly reduced. In contrast to granular secretions and platelet aggregation, X-rays induced mitochondrial transmembrane potential depolarization in a time-dependent manner to induce apoptosis and activated protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. This study revealed and explained the molecular mechanism activated by X-rays in washed human platelets. Here we also introduced Gö 6983, a PKC inhibitor, as an agent that counteracts X-ray-induced changes and maintains the integrity of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fanbi Meng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mengnan Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kangxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xuexiang Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou 215006, China
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3
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Sokolovskaya AA, Popov MA, Sergeeva EA, Metelkin AA, Zybin DI, Shumakov DV, Kubatiev AA. Investigation of Platelet Apoptosis in Patients after Surgical Myocardial Revascularization. Biomedicines 2023; 11:251. [PMID: 36830787 PMCID: PMC9952963 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are one of the main participants in vascular accidents in cases of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we sought to detect platelet apoptosis in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent scheduled myocardial revascularization surgery. To identify apoptotic events, we analyzed phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the surface of platelets and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by flow cytometry in two groups of 30 patients aged 45-60 years: Group 1-patients before myocardial revascularization surgery and group 2-patients after myocardial revascularization surgery. The control group consisted of 10 healthy volunteers aged 45-60 years. According to our data, the percentage levels of PS expression in patients greatly decreased after surgery. We confirmed platelet apoptosis by recording depolarization of ΔΨm in pre- and postoperative patients. ΔΨm readings were considerably improved after surgery. Our data indicated that the functional parameters of platelets in patients with coronary heart disease differed from the characteristics of platelets in patients who underwent myocardial revascularization, and from those of patients in a control group. Future studies of platelet phenotypic characteristics and platelet apoptosis biomarkers should greatly advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease, and further promote the development of methods for predicting adverse outcomes after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A. Sokolovskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Popov
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Sergeeva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkadiy A. Metelkin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Zybin
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Shumakov
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Shepkina 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A. Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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4
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The Reduction of Tau Hyperphosphorylation by Cornel Iridoid Glycosides Is Mediated by Their Influence on Calpain Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9213046. [PMID: 35096120 PMCID: PMC8794656 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9213046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein is the main component of its pathogenesis. Calpain was found to be abnormally activated in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in a previous report. Cornel iridoid glycosides (CIG) have been reported to reduce the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Nevertheless, the role of calpain in the reduction tau hyperphosphorylation by CIG remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CIG on calpain activity through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Western blotting results suggested that CIG decreased the phosphorylation of tau at Ser 404 and Ser 262 sites in P301S mice. Moreover, CIG inhibited the activity of calpain and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and enhanced the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) both in vivo and in vitro. CIG also inhibited the activation of PP2A and reduced the GSK-3β activity caused by the calpain activator dibucaine. In addition, the main components of CIG, morroniside and loganin, play an equivalent role in reducing calpain activity, as the effect of their combined use is equivalent to that of CIG. The abovementioned findings revealed that CIG improved PP2A activity and reduced GSK-3β activity by adjusting the activity of calpain 1, leading to a reduction in the phosphorylation of tau. This study highlights the remarkable therapeutic potential of CIG for managing AD.
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5
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Mordakhanova ER, Nevzorova TA, Synbulatova GE, Rauova L, Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. Platelet Activation in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia is Followed by Platelet Death via Complex Apoptotic and Non-Apoptotic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072556. [PMID: 32272655 PMCID: PMC7177543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse drug reaction characterized by thrombocytopenia and a high risk for venous or arterial thrombosis. HIT is caused by antibodies that recognize complexes of platelet factor 4 and heparin. The pathogenic mechanisms of this condition are not fully understood. In this study, we used flow cytometry, fluorimetry, and Western blot analysis to study the direct effects of pathogenic immune complexes containing platelet factor 4 on human platelets isolated by gel-filtration. HIT-like pathogenic immune complexes initially caused pronounced activation of platelets detected by an increased expression of phosphatidylserine and P-selectin. This activation was mediated either directly through the FcγRIIA receptors or indirectly via protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) receptors due to thrombin generated on or near the surface of activated platelets. The immune activation was later followed by the biochemical signs of cell death, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-XL, and moderate activation of procaspase 3 and increased calpain activity. The results show that platelet activation under the action of HIT-like immune complexes is accompanied by their death through complex apoptotic and calpain-dependent non-apoptotic pathways that may underlie the low platelet count in HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira R. Mordakhanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Tatiana A. Nevzorova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Gulnaz E. Synbulatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Lubica Rauova
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - John W. Weisel
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia; (E.R.M.); (T.A.N.); (G.E.S.)
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Dókus LE, Yousef M, Bánóczi Z. Modulators of calpain activity: inhibitors and activators as potential drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:471-486. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1722638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levente Endre Dókus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mo’ath Yousef
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bánóczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Nevzorova TA, Mordakhanova ER, Daminova AG, Ponomareva AA, Andrianova IA, Le Minh G, Rauova L, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Platelet factor 4-containing immune complexes induce platelet activation followed by calpain-dependent platelet death. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:106. [PMID: 31263574 PMCID: PMC6591288 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a complication of heparin therapy sometimes associated with thrombosis. The hallmark of HIT is antibodies to the heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) complex that cause thrombocytopenia and thrombosis through platelet activation. Despite the clinical importance, the molecular mechanisms and late consequences of immune platelet activation are not fully understood. Here, we studied immediate and delayed effects of the complexes formed by human PF4 and HIT-like monoclonal mouse anti-human-PF4/heparin IgG antibodies (named KKO) on isolated human platelets in vitro. Direct platelet-activating effect of the KKO/PF4 complexes was corroborated by the overexpression of phosphatidylserine (PS) and P-selectin on the platelet surface. The immune platelet activation was accompanied by a decrease of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), concurrent with a significant gradual reduction of the ATP content in platelets, indicating disruption of energy metabolism. A combination of PS expression and mitochondrial depolarization induced by the PF4-containing immune complexes observed in a substantial fraction of platelets was considered as a sign of ongoing platelet death, as opposed to a subpopulation of activated live platelets with PS on the plasma membrane but normal ΔΨm. Both activated and dying platelets treated with KKO/PF4 formed procoagulant extracellular microvesicles bearing PS on their surface. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed dramatic morphological changes of KKO/PF4-treated platelets, including their fragmentation, another indicator of cell death. Most of the effects of KKO/PF4 were prevented by an anti-FcγRII monoclonal antibody IV.3. The adverse functional and structural changes in platelets induced by the KKO/PF4 complexes were associated with strong time-dependent activation of calpain, but only trace cleavage of caspase 3. The results indicate that the pathogenic PF4-containing HIT-like immune complexes induce direct prothrombotic platelet activation via FcγRIIA receptors followed by non-apoptotic calpain-dependent death of platelets, which can be an important mechanism of thrombocytopenia during HIT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Nevzorova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
| | - Elmira R. Mordakhanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
| | - Amina G. Daminova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky str., Kazan, Russian Federation 420111 Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Ponomareva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky str., Kazan, Russian Federation 420111 Russia
| | - Izabella A. Andrianova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
| | - Giang Le Minh
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
| | - Lubica Rauova
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Russian Federation 420008 Russia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Hirama T, Das R, Yang Y, Ferguson C, Won A, Yip CM, Kay JG, Grinstein S, Parton RG, Fairn GD. Phosphatidylserine dictates the assembly and dynamics of caveolae in the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14292-14307. [PMID: 28698382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are bulb-shaped nanodomains of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. They have many physiological functions, including endocytic transport, mechanosensing, and regulation of membrane and lipid transport. Caveola formation relies on integral membrane proteins termed caveolins (Cavs) and the cavin family of peripheral proteins. Both protein families bind anionic phospholipids, but the precise roles of these lipids are unknown. Here, we studied the effects of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P), and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) on caveolar formation and dynamics. Using live-cell, single-particle tracking of GFP-labeled Cav1 and ultrastructural analyses, we compared the effect of PtdSer disruption or phosphoinositide depletion with caveola disassembly caused by cavin1 loss. We found that PtdSer plays a crucial role in both caveola formation and stability. Sequestration or depletion of PtdSer decreased the number of detectable Cav1-GFP puncta and the number of caveolae visualized by electron microscopy. Under PtdSer-limiting conditions, the co-localization of Cav1 and cavin1 was diminished, and cavin1 degradation was increased. Using rapamycin-recruitable phosphatases, we also found that the acute depletion of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 has minimal impact on caveola assembly but results in decreased lateral confinement. Finally, we show in a model of phospholipid scrambling, a feature of apoptotic cells, that caveola stability is acutely affected by the scrambling. We conclude that the predominant plasmalemmal anionic lipid PtdSer is essential for proper Cav clustering, caveola formation, and caveola dynamics and that membrane scrambling can perturb caveolar stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirama
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada,; Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada,; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, Japan
| | - Raibatak Das
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204
| | - Yanbo Yang
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada,; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Amy Won
- The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada,; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada,; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada,; Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology (iBEST), Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
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9
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Hansen SK, Stummann TC, Borland H, Hasholt LF, Tümer Z, Nielsen JE, Rasmussen MA, Nielsen TT, Daechsel JCA, Fog K, Hyttel P. Induced pluripotent stem cell - derived neurons for the study of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:306-317. [PMID: 27596958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by a CAG-repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. In this study, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were established from two SCA3 patients. Dermal fibroblasts were reprogrammed using an integration-free method and the resulting SCA3 iPSCs were differentiated into neurons. These neuronal lines harbored the disease causing mutation, expressed comparable levels of several neuronal markers and responded to the neurotransmitters, glutamate/glycine, GABA and acetylcholine. Additionally, all neuronal cultures formed networks displaying synchronized spontaneous calcium oscillations within 28days of maturation, and expressed the mature neuronal markers NeuN and Synapsin 1 implying a relatively advanced state of maturity, although not comparable to that of the adult human brain. Interestingly, we were not able to recapitulate the glutamate-induced ataxin-3 aggregation shown in a previously published iPSC-derived SCA3 model. In conclusion, we have generated a panel of SCA3 patient iPSCs and a robust protocol to derive neurons of relatively advanced maturity, which could potentially be valuable for the study of SCA3 disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frb C, Denmark; H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Lis F Hasholt
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 N, Denmark; Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Laboratory, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel A Rasmussen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frb C, Denmark
| | - Troels T Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Laboratory, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karina Fog
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frb C, Denmark
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10
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Abstract
Platelet apoptosis occurs commonly under various conditions such as physical and chemical stimuli. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), one of most important cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, severely threats people's health and is usually accompanied with various complications especially bleeding. There might be platelet apoptosis in ACS, which might be responsible for the complication of bleeding. The objective of the present study was to explore whether there were apoptotic platelets in ACS patients. Vein blood was drawn from eleven ACS patients and eleven health people. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared and subjected to apoptotic events analysis including increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), mitochondrial inner membrane potential depolarization and caspase-3 activation by Western blot and flow cytometry. In addition, washed platelets from the normal people were prepared and treated with the platelet-poor plasma (PPP) of the ACS patients, and were further examined apoptotic cascades. Paired Student's t test was used in the data comparisons. There were more platelets with depolarized mitochondrial inner membrane potential in the ACS patients than those of the health donors. Levels of Bax and Bak increased, while expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased in platelets from ACS patients. Caspase-3 activation was observed in platelets from the patients with ACS. Interestingly, there were significant differences in PS exposure between the platelets from the ACS patients and the normal controls. Furthermore, apoptotic events were observed in the normal platelets incubated with PPP from the ACS patients. In addition, pretreatment of healthy platelets with anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or dithiothreitol (DTT) significantly reduced ACS patients-derived PPP-induced platelet apoptosis. Platelets from the ACS patients are incurred apoptosis. Antioxidants NAC or DTT can reduce ACS patients-derived PPP-induced platelet apoptosis in vitro.
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11
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Wang X, Zhong H, Wang L, Dong Y, Jia A, Mo Q, Zhang C. MiR-29 Induces K562 Cell Apoptosis by Down-Regulating FoxM1. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3115-20. [PMID: 26470025 PMCID: PMC4612462 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia seriously threatens human life and health. MicroRNAs can regulate cell growth, proliferation, and death. This article investigated the role of miR-29 on regulating leukemia cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Material/Methods miR-29 and scramble miRNA were transfected to K562 cells. MTT assay, colony formation assay, caspase-3 activity detection, and flow cytometry were applied to test miR-29 effect on cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) protein expression. After we transfected miR-29, K562 cells were transfected with FoxM1 siRNA to test cell apoptosis. Results K562 cell growth and proliferation were inhibited after transfection with miR-29. Apoptosis phenome and caspase-3 activation were observed. FoxM1 level decreased. SiRNA FoxM1 enhanced miR-29-induced K562 cell apoptosis. FoxM1 overexpression suppressed miR-26-induced K562 cell apoptosis. Conclusions MiR-29 restrained K562 cell growth and proliferation. MiR-29 induced K562 cell apoptosis through down-regulating FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuqian Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Ankui Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | | | - Chenguang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
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12
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Shan B, Ma F, Wang M, Xu X. Down-Regulating Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIP1) Promotes Oxaliplatin-Induced Tca8113 Cell Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3089-94. [PMID: 26460489 PMCID: PMC4610685 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxaliplatin is a crucial chemotherapy drug that plays an important role in colorectal cancer and oral cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanism of oxaliplatin in killing tongue squamous cell cancer cells is still unknown. This paper investigates the mechanism of by which oxaliplatin regulates tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cell survival and death. Material/Methods Tca8113 was treated with 1 μmol/L oxaliplatin for 24 h. Tca8113 cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT method and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was applied to detect receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) level. Tca8113 was transfected with siRNA RIP1 and then treated with 1 μmol/L oxaliplatin, and the cell apoptosis was detected. Results We found that 1 μmol/L oxaliplatin could inhibit Tca8113 cell growth (cell survival rate was 19.3%), reduce mitochondrial membrane potential (reduce 82.3%) and phosphatidylserine eversion (positive rate was 62.7%), and activate caspase-3 (increased 2.6 times). We also found that 1 μmol/L oxaliplatin treatment could increase RIP1 expression in Tca8113 cells. Cell apoptosis rate increased after siRNA RIP1 and 1 μmol/L oxaliplatin treatment (apoptosis rate was 90.2%). Conclusions Down-regulating RIP1 promotes oxaliplatin induced Tca8113 cells apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- BaoZhong Shan
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - MingGuo Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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13
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Heat stress induced apoptosis is triggered by transcription-independent p53, Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis and the subsequent Bax mitochondrial translocation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11497. [PMID: 26105784 PMCID: PMC4478470 DOI: 10.1038/srep11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, We demonstrated that Bax mitochondrial translocation plays a vital role in the initiation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway upon activation by heat stress. In addition, both p53 mitochondrial translocation and Ca2+ signal mediated MPTP opening activate Bax mitochondrial translocation. Employing pifithrin-α (a p53 mitochondrial translocation inhibitor) and CsA (a permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitor), we found that heat stress induced Bax mitochondrial translocation was significantly inhibited in cells pretreated with both PFT and CsA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical mediator in heat stress induced apoptosis and that the antioxidant MnTBAP significantly decreased heat stress induced p53 mitochondrial translocation and Ca2+ signal mediated MPTP opening, as well as the subsequent Bax mitochondrial translocation and activation of the caspase cascade. Taken together, our results indicate that heat stress induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway with ROS dependent mitochondrial p53 translocation and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, and the ensuing intro Bax mitochondrial translocation as the upstream events involved in triggering the apoptotic process observed upon cellular exposure to heat stress.
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14
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Wang Z, Wang J, Xie R, Liu R, Lu Y. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species play an important role in Doxorubicin-induced platelet apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11087-100. [PMID: 25988386 PMCID: PMC4463691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent; however; its use is limited by some side effects; such as cardiotoxicity and thrombocytopenia. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been intensively investigated; however; DOX-induced thrombocytopenia has not been clearly elucidated. Here we show that DOX-induced mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and glycoprotein (GP)Ibα shedding in platelets. DOX did not induce platelet activation; whereas; DOX obviously reduced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation; and impaired platelet adhesion on the von Willebrand factor (vWF) surface. In addition; we also show that DOX induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger Mito-TEMPO blocked intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS generation. Furthermore; Mito-TEMPO reduced DOX-induced platelet apoptosis and GPIbα shedding. These data indicate that DOX induces platelet apoptosis; and impairs platelet function. Mitochondrial ROS play a pivotal role in DOX-induced platelet apoptosis and GPIbα shedding. Therefore; DOX-induced platelet apoptosis might contribute to DOX-triggered thrombocytopenia; and mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger would have potential clinical utility in platelet-associated disorders involving mitochondrial oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Rufeng Xie
- Blood Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai 200051, China.
| | - Ruilai Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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15
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Biologicals, platelet apoptosis and human diseases: An outlook. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 93:149-58. [PMID: 25439323 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, once considered mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis, are now known to be involved in wound healing, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer. Recent reports attest that platelets possess the cellular machinery to undergo apoptosis and that platelet apoptosis can be triggered by myriad stimuli including chemical and physical agonists, and pathophysiological conditions. Augmented rate of platelet apoptosis leads to thrombocytopenia, bleeding disorders and microparticle generation. Despite knowing the significant role of platelets in health and disease, and that any alterations in platelet functions can wreak havoc to the health, the offshoot reactions of therapeutic drugs on platelets and the far-reaching consequences are often neglected. The present review focuses on the impact of platelet apoptosis and the role of platelet-derived microparticles on different pathophysiological conditions. It also touches upon the effects of biologicals on platelets, and discusses the need to overcome the adverse effects of pro-apoptotic drugs through auxiliary therapy.
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16
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Yi W, Li Q, Shen J, Ren L, Liu X, Wang Q, He S, Wu Q, Hu H, Mao X, Zhu L. Modulation of platelet activation and thrombus formation using a pan-PI3K inhibitor S14161. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102394. [PMID: 25115838 PMCID: PMC4130470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is critical in modulating platelet functions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of S14161, a recently identified pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, on platelet activation and thrombus formation. Results showed that S14161 inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin, U46619, and ADP in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric studies showed that S14161 inhibited convulxin- or thrombin-induced P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding of single platelet. S14161 also inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction, processes mediated by outside-in signaling. Using a microfluidic chamber we demonstrated that S14161 decreased platelet adhesion on collagen-coated surface by about 80%. Western blot showed that S14161 inhibited phosphorylation of Akt at both Ser473 and Thr308 sites, and GSK3β at Ser9 in response to collagen, thrombin, or U46619. Comparable studies showed that S14161 has a higher potential bioavailability than LY294002, a prototypical inhibitor of pan-class I PI3K. Finally, the effects of S14161 on thrombus formation in vivo were measured using a ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury model in mice. The intraperitoneal injection of S14161 (2 mg/kg) to male C57BL/6 mice significantly extended the first occlusion time (5.05±0.99 min, n = 9) compared to the vehicle controls (3.72±0.95 min, n = 8) (P<0.05), but did not prolong the bleeding time (P>0.05). Taken together, our data showed that S14161 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation without significant bleeding tendency and toxicity, and considering its potential higher bioavailability, it may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Yi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sudan He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (LZ)
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (LZ)
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17
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Li M, Wang Z, Ma T, Lu G, Yan R, Zhao L, Deng K, Dai K. Enhanced platelet apoptosis in chronic uremic patients. Ren Fail 2014; 36:847-53. [PMID: 24655051 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.899473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research on platelet apoptosis and its contribution to platelet dysfunction in uremic patients. The present study sought to analyze platelets apoptosis in uremic patients who underwent different dialysis modalities. METHODS Sixteen chronic uremic patients (5 on hemodialysis, 6 on peritoneal dialysis and 5 on non-dialysis) and 16 controls were studied. Platelet-rich plasma was detected for apoptotic events including depolarization of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, activation of caspases-3 and Bcl-2 family proteins variations by Flow Cytometry or by Western-Blot. Washed normal platelets were incubated with normal or uremic platelet poor plasma and then were detected apoptotic events. Platelets function was assessed by ristocetin induced aggregative function test. RESULTS Compared to controls, uremic platelets demonstrated greater apoptosis for the ΔΨm depolarization (43.48 ± 9.58 vs. 52.76 ± 15.36, p = 0.005) as well as PS exposure (1.36 ± 0.51 vs. 0.99 ± 0.27, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference among different treatment groups (for the ΔΨm depolarization f = 0.16, p = 0.85; for the PS exposure f = 1.06, p = 0.36). Western Blot analyses showed caspase-3 activation and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins expression. Platelets exposed to uremic plasma exhibited distinct apoptosis phenomena. Ristocetin induced platelet aggregation was markedly diminished in uremic patients and treated platelets. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that platelets are incurred apoptosis in uremia patients. Uremic plasma accelerates apoptosis of normal platelets, resulting in a dysfunctional pattern of platelets in uremia. Uremic platelets apoptosis has no relationship with dialysis modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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18
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Li W, Tang X, Yi W, Li Q, Ren L, Liu X, Chu C, Ozaki Y, Zhang J, Zhu L. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation preferentially via GPVI signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85120. [PMID: 24386454 PMCID: PMC3875551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a pivotal role in atherothrombosis and the antiplatelet agents have been proved to be useful in preventing onset of acute clinical events including myocardial infarction and stroke. Increasing number of natural compounds has been identified to be potential antiplatelet agents. Here we report the antiplatelet effect of glaucocalyxin A (GLA), an ent-diterpenoid that we isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.) Hara, and investigate the molecular mechanisms by which GLA inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation. The effect of GLA on platelet activation was measured using platelets freshly isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors. Results showed that pretreatment of human platelets with lower concentrations of GLA (0.01μg/ml, 0.1μg/ml) significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen (P<0.001) and CRP (P<0.01), a synthetic GPVI ligand, but not by ADP and U46619. Accordingly, GLA inhibited collagen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and phospholipase Cγ2, the signaling events in collagen receptor GPⅥ pathway. GLA also inhibited platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, a GPVI selective ligand. Additionally, GLA was found to inhibit low-dose thrombin-induced platelet activation. Using a flow chamber device, GLA was found to attenuate platelet adhesion on collagen surfaces in high shear condition. In vivo studies showed that GLA administration increased the time for complete occlusion upon vascular injury in mice, but did not extend tail-bleeding time when mice were administered with relatively lower doses of GLA. Therefore, the present results provide the molecular basis for the inhibition effect of GLA on platelet activation and its in vivo effect on thrombus formation, suggesting that GLA could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Yi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunjun Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (LZ)
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (LZ)
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Towhid ST, Tolios A, Münzer P, Schmidt EM, Borst O, Gawaz M, Stegmann E, Lang F. Stimulation of platelet apoptosis by balhimycin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:323-6. [PMID: 23399563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides, such as vancomycin, are powerful antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Balhimycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic isolated from Amycolatopsis balhimycina, is similarly effective as vancomycin. Side effects of vancomycin include triggering of platelet apoptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Stimulation of apoptosis may involve increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity, ceramide formation, mitochondrial depolarization and/or caspase activation. An effect of balhimycin on apoptosis has, however, never been reported. The present study thus tested whether balhimycin triggers platelet apoptosis. Human blood platelets were treated with balhimycin and cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V-binding, cytosolic Ca(2+) activity from fluo-3AM fluorescence, ceramide formation utilizing antibodies, mitochondrial potential from DiOC6 fluorescence, and caspase-3 activity utilizing antibodies. As a result, a 30 min exposure to balhimycin significantly decreased cell volume (≥1 μg/ml), triggered annexin V binding (≥1 μg/ml), increased cytosolic Ca(2+) activity (≥1 μg/ml), stimulated ceramide formation (≥10 μg/ml), depolarized mitochondria (≥1 μg/ml) and activated caspase-3 (≥1 μg/ml). Cell membrane scrambling and caspase-3 activation were virtually abrogated by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Cell membrane scrambling was not significantly blunted by pancaspase inhibition with zVAD-FMK (1μM). In conclusion, balhimycin triggers cell membrane scrambling of platelets, an effect dependent on Ca(2+), but not on activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda T Towhid
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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20
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Bacteria differentially induce degradation of Bcl-xL, a survival protein, by human platelets. Blood 2012; 120:5014-20. [PMID: 23086749 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-420661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can enter the bloodstream in response to infectious insults. Bacteremia elicits several immune and clinical complications, including thrombocytopenia. A primary cause of thrombocytopenia is shortened survival of platelets. We demonstrate that pathogenic bacteria induce apoptotic events in platelets that include calpain-mediated degradation of Bcl-x(L), an essential regulator of platelet survival. Specifically, bloodstream bacterial isolates from patients with sepsis induce lateral condensation of actin, impair mitochondrial membrane potential, and degrade Bcl-x(L) protein in platelets. Bcl-x(L) protein degradation is enhanced when platelets are exposed to pathogenic Escherichia coli that produce the pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin, a response that is markedly attenuated when the gene is deleted from E coli. We also found that nonpathogenic E coli gain degrading activity when they are forced to express α-hemolysin. Like α-hemolysin, purified α-toxin readily degrades Bcl-x(L) protein in platelets, as do clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates that produce α-toxin. Inhibition of calpain activity, but not the proteasome, rescues Bcl-x(L) protein degradation in platelets coincubated with pathogenic E coli including α-hemolysin producing strains. This is the first evidence that pathogenic bacteria can trigger activation of the platelet intrinsic apoptosis program and our results suggest a new mechanism by which bacterial pathogens might cause thrombocytopenia in patients with bloodstream infections.
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Randriamboavonjy V, Fleming I. All cut up! The consequences of calpain activation on platelet function. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cisplatin induces platelet apoptosis through the ERK signaling pathway. Thromb Res 2012; 130:81-91. [PMID: 22445428 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) is one of the most widely used anti-tumor agents. However, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is usually accompanied by adverse side effects such as thrombocytopenia, and the mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that cisplatin induced several platelet apoptotic events including up-regulation of Bax and Bak, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), mitochondrial translocation of Bax, mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential depolarization, caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Cisplatin dose-dependently induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in platelets. Caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk dramatically inhibited cisplatin-induced caspase-3 activation and PS exposure without affecting ERK activation. Blockade of the ERK pathway significantly prevented platelet apoptosis. Furthermore, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) were significantly elevated by cisplatin, and scavenging of ROS and Ca(2+) obviously inhibited platelet apoptosis induced by cisplatin. In addition, cisplatin did not induce platelet activation, whereas it obviously impaired platelet functions. These data indicate that cisplatin induces platelet apoptosis through the ERK signaling pathway, which might contribute to cisplatin-related haematological toxicity.
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23
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Sobol AB, Kaminska M, Walczynska M, Walkowiak B. Effect of uremia and hemodialysis on platelet apoptosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 19:320-3. [PMID: 22387580 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612437576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood platelet proteome of hemodialyzed patients with uremia exhibits significant difference in comparison with the blood platelet proteome of healthy individuals. This alteration is manifested by the presence of high concentrations of low-molecular peptides within the whole range of isoelectric points. Increased platelet apoptosis has been put forward as a possible cause of this phenomenon. The aim of the present research was to assess whether blood platelet populations from hemodialyzed patients with uremia exhibit higher binding capacity of Annexin V than control samples from healthy donors. It was found that blood platelets of hemodialyzed patients, in the period between dialyses, bound significantly more Annexin V with no different incorporation of propidium iodide in comparison with platelets of control donors and conservatively treated patients with uremia. The results support the hypothesis that the process of hemodialysis may be at least partially responsible for triggering blood platelet apoptosis and result in increased risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Sobol
- The Advanced Technology Centre BioTechMed, Lodz, Poland.
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