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Zhao Z, Sun X, Cao L, Zhu C, He K, Hu X, Liu C, Feng Q, Qin Y. Salivary Proteome and Intact N-Glycopeptides Analysis Reveal Specific Signatures in Periodontitis. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:25-39. [PMID: 38088868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and is closely linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we analyzed the salivary proteome and intact N-glycopeptides (IGPs) of individuals with mild-moderate, severe, aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis with T2D, including those treated with antidiabetic drugs, to identify specific signatures associated with the disease. Our results revealed that salivary proteins and glycoproteins were altered in all periodontitis groups (PRIDE ID: 1-20230612-72345), with fucose- and sialic acid-containing N-glycans showing the greatest increase. Additionally, differentially expressed proteins were classified into 9 clusters, including those that were increased in all periodontitis groups and those that were only altered in certain types of periodontitis. Interestingly, treatment with antidiabetic drugs reversed many of the changes observed in the salivary proteome and IGPs in T2D-related periodontitis, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for managing periodontitis in patients with T2D. Consistent with MS/MS results, the expression of salivary IGHA2 and Fucα1-3/6GlcNAc (AAL) was significantly increased in MP. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontitis and highlight the potential of salivary biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Dian Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Periodontology, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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Hu H, Leung WK. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics for Discovering Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14599. [PMID: 37834046 PMCID: PMC10572407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the primary causes of tooth loss, and is also related to various systemic diseases. Early detection of this condition is crucial when it comes to preventing further oral damage and the associated health complications. This study offers a systematic review of the literature published up to April 2023, and aims to clearly explain the role of proteomics in identifying salivary biomarkers for periodontitis. Comprehensive searches were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science to shortlist pertinent studies. The inclusion criterion was those that reported on mass spectrometry-driven proteomic analyses of saliva samples from periodontitis cohorts, while those on gingivitis or other oral diseases were excluded. An assessment for risk of bias was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies or the NIH quality assessment tool, and a meta-analysis was performed for replicable candidate biomarkers, i.e., consistently reported candidate biomarkers (in specific saliva samples, and periodontitis subgroups, reported in ≥2 independent cohorts/reports) were identified. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery bioinformatics resources, which consistently expressed candidate biomarkers, to explore the predominant pathway wherein salivary biomarkers consistently manifested. Of the 15 studies included, 13 were case-control studies targeting diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis participants (periodontally healthy/diseased, n = 342/432), while two focused on biomarkers responsive to periodontal treatment (n = 26 participants). The case-control studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, while the periodontitis treatment studies were deemed fair. Summary estimate and confidence/credible interval, etc. determination for the identified putative salivary biomarkers could not be ascertained due to the low number of studies in each case. The results from the included case-control studies identified nine consistently expressed candidate biomarkers (from nine studies with 230/297 periodontally healthy/diseased participants): (i) those that were upregulated: alpha-amylase, serum albumin, complement C3, neutrophil defensin, profilin-1, and S100-P; and (ii) those that were downregulated: carbonic anhydrase 6, immunoglobulin J chain, and lactoferrin. All putative biomarkers exhibited consistent regulation patterns. The implications of the current putative marker proteins identified were reviewed, with a focus on their potential roles in periodontitis diagnosis and pathogenesis, and as putative therapeutic targets. Although in its early stages, mass spectrometry-based salivary periodontal disease biomarker proteomics detection appeared promising. More mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies, with or without the aid of already available clinical biochemical approaches, are warranted to aid the discovery, identification, and validation of periodontal health/disease indicator molecule(s). Protocol registration number: CRD42023447722; supported by RD-02-202410 and GRF17119917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abdul NS, AlGhannam SM, Almughaiseeb AA, Bindawoad FA, alduraibi SM, Shenoy M. A review on salivary constituents and their role in diagnostics. Bioinformation 2022; 18:1021-1028. [PMID: 37693919 PMCID: PMC10492514 DOI: 10.6026/973206300181021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary secretions possess a number of biomarkers beneficial for the diagnosis of a plethora of oral and other systemic disorders. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse and discuss the significance of saliva and its constituents as a valuable tool in aiding diagnostics in clinical settings by reviewing available literature and controlled trials. Using the PRISMA framework, a thorough review of research that were listed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases was performed which revealed 212 papers, 54 of which were thoroughly evaluated. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to choose studies that were applicable for the review. The selected studies reported a number of diseases that were diagnosed using salivary constituents in the same way as other methods of diagnosis, with a number of benefits. Thus, data shows that saliva is an excellent source for biomarkers which can be used for furthering medical diagnosis like other diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahesh Shenoy
- Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, KSA
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Finamore F, Cecchettini A, Ceccherini E, Signore G, Ferro F, Rocchiccioli S, Baldini C. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicle Cargo in Sjögren's Syndrome through a SWATH-MS Proteomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094864. [PMID: 34064456 PMCID: PMC8124455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by a wide spectrum of glandular and extra-glandular manifestations. In this pilot study, a SWATH-MS approach was used to monitor extracellular vesicles-enriched saliva (EVs) sub-proteome in pSS patients, to compare it with whole saliva (WS) proteome, and assess differential expressed proteins between pSS and healthy control EVs samples. Comparison between EVs and WS led to the characterization of compartment-specific proteins with a moderate degree of overlap. A total of 290 proteins were identified and quantified in EVs from healthy and pSS patients. Among those, 121 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in pSS, 82% were found to be upregulated, and 18% downregulated in pSS samples. The most representative functional pathways associated to the protein networks were related to immune-innate response, including several members of S100 protein family, annexin A2, resistin, serpin peptidase inhibitors, azurocidin, and CD14 monocyte differentiation antigen. Our results highlight the usefulness of EVs for the discovery of novel salivary-omic biomarkers and open novel perspectives in pSS for the identification of proteins of clinical relevance that could be used not only for the disease diagnosis but also to improve patients’ stratification and treatment-monitoring. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Finamore
- Clinical Phisiology Institute-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Ceccherini
- Clinical Phisiology Institute-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, S Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ferro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Clinical Phisiology Institute-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (C.B.)
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Castillo-Felipe C, Franco-Martínez L, Tvarijonaviciute A, Lopez-Jornet P, Lamy E. Proteomics-Based Identification of Salivary Changes in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:392. [PMID: 34062870 PMCID: PMC8147377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation, taste alterations, and dry mouth sensations. Although a number of factors have been closely related to the appearance of the symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, the etiology of BMS remains unclear. Furthermore, currently no objective diagnostic tools exist, making its diagnosis challenging. Therefore, to contribute to the knowledge about BMS etiology and look for objective tools for its diagnosis, the present study was conducted. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the proteomic profile of the resting whole saliva of patients with BMS and age and sex-matched controls using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results showed evidence of changes in saliva at the level of proteins related to important pathways such as stress (sAA), immune system (Ig), and inflammation (leukocyte elastase inhibitor). While some of our findings have been previously described others, such as the deregulation of the coiled-coin domain containing protein 25 in BMS, are presented here for the first time to our knowledge. Thus, saliva provides us with relevant information about BMS pathophysiology and could be considered a suitable biofluid for its study and/or diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Castillo-Felipe
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Clínica Odontológica, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca) Hospital Morales Meseguer, Clínica Odontológica, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Elsa Lamy
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Evora, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal;
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Nair D, Nedungadi D, Mishra N, Nair BG, Nair SS. Identification of carbonylated proteins from monocytic cells under diabetes‐induced stress conditions. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5065. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kollam Kerala India
| | - Divya Nedungadi
- Amrita School of Biotechnology Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kollam Kerala India
| | - Nandita Mishra
- Amrita School of Biotechnology Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kollam Kerala India
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Bostanci N, Grant M, Bao K, Silbereisen A, Hetrodt F, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN. Metaproteome and metabolome of oral microbial communities. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:46-81. [PMID: 33226703 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of high-throughput technologies for the comprehensive measurement of biomolecules, also referred to as "omics" technologies, has helped us gather "big data" and characterize microbial communities. In this article, we focus on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches that support hypothesis-driven investigations on various oral biologic samples. Proteomics reveals the working units of the oral milieu and metabolomics unveils the reactions taking place; and so these complementary techniques can unravel the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Current knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed, from both clinical and basic research perspectives. Communities indicative of, or from, health, caries, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions are represented. Challenges, future prospects, and examples of best practice are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Grant
- Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Hetrodt
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miller CS, Ding X, Dawson DR, Ebersole JL. Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:216-225. [PMID: 33098098 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Salivary biomarkers can help in assessment of periodontitis; however, concentrations may be altered in the presence of diabetes. Hence, the ability of salivary biomarkers to discriminate periodontally healthy type II diabetics (T2DM) from T2DM who have periodontitis was examined. METHODS Ninety-two participants (29 with T2DM with chronic periodontitis, DWP; 32 T2DM without chronic periodontitis, DWoP; and 31 Not Periodontitis, NP) provided saliva and clinical parameters of periodontal health were recorded. Salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), adiponectin and resistin were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS Salivary analyte concentrations for IL-1β, MMP-8 and resistin correlated with clinical parameters of periodontitis, with MMP-8 demonstrating the strongest positive correlation with PD ≥5 mm (p < 0.0001). Periodontal health was reflected in salivary analyte concentrations by group, with concentrations of IL-1β and MMP-8 showing significant associations with periodontitis (p ≤ 0.04) that increased in concentration from health to DWoP to DWP. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed that MMP-8 discriminated periodontitis from NP (OR of 8.12; 95% CI: 1.01-65.33; p = 0.03) and in the presence of T2DM (DWP vs DWoP, OR = 5.09; 95% CI: 1.24-20.92; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β discriminate periodontitis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiuhua Ding
- Department of Public Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Dolph R Dawson
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Frankenberger R, Pfützner A. Orale Immunkompetenz in der Corona-Pandemie vs. Systemrelevanz der Zahnmedizin. GESUNDHEITSÖKONOMIE & QUALITÄTSMANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1286-8376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Covid-19-Pandemie hat das deutsche Gesundheitssystem im Jahr 2020 vor erhebliche Herausforderungen gestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es bemerkenswert, dass für die Zahnmedizin kein sogenannter Rettungsschirm aufgespannt wurde. Dies bedeutet, dass nach Ansicht der Bundesregierung Zahnärzte als nicht systemrelevant eingestuft wurden und somit offiziell auch nicht zu den Ärzten gehören. Diese Annahme ist grundfalsch und gefährlich, wie im Folgenden anhand eines wichtigen Beispiels erörtert wird.Das SARS-CoV-2-Virus führt bei infizierten Personen zu einem Beschwerdebild von leichten Erkältungszeichen bis hin zu lebensbedrohlichen beatmungsbedürftigen COVID-19-Pneumonien. Ein besonderes Risiko für schwere Verläufe haben Menschen höheren Alters sowie Patienten mit Diabetes, Bluthochdruck und anderen schweren Erkrankungen. Die Haupteintrittspforte für das SARS-CoV-2-Virus in den menschlichen Körper ist u. a. die orale Mukosa, denn die Viren reichern sich dort bevorzugt an und der ACE2-Rezeptor wird dort hochgradig exprimiert. Dieser Penetrationsweg erklärt die häufigeren schweren Verläufe bei älteren Diabetespatienten, deren Immunsystem bereits generell beeinträchtigt ist. Diabetes mellitus induziert eine chronische systemische Entzündung, die sich gerade im Mundbereich regelmäßig als Parodontitis manifestiert. Bei Diabetikern zwangsläufig oft auftretende Hyperglykämien schwächen die Mukosa-Barriere zusätzlich. Es ist daher dringend ratsam, bei Präventionsmaßnahmen für Diabetespatienten den Mund- und Rachenraum nicht zu ignorieren. Neben der parodontalprophylaktischen Betreuung ist gerade in Absenz von Zahnärzten die aktivierte Matrix-Metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP8) ein etablierter Biomarker. Die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Prävention der SARS-CoV-2-assoziierten COVID-19-Erkrankung sollte daher um die Aspekte der Messung und Sanierung des Mund- und Rachenraums sowie einer regelmäßigen Desinfektion der oralen Mukosa erweitert werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Frankenberger
- Abteilung für Zahnerhaltungskunde, Philipps-Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg
| | - Andreas Pfützner
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz
- Institute for Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University for Digital Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Wiltz, Luxembourg
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Mohd Nasri FA, Zainal Ariffin SH, Karsani SA, Megat Abdul Wahab R. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid to identify potential early markers for root resorption. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:256. [PMID: 32917196 PMCID: PMC7488717 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontically-induced root resorption is an iatrogenic effect and it cannot be examined regularly due to the harmful effects of sequential doses of radiation with more frequent radiography. This study aims to compare protein abundance (PA) of pre-treatment and during orthodontic treatment for root resorption and to determine potential early markers for root resorption. Methods Ten subjects (n = 10) who had upper and lower fixed appliances (MBT, 3 M Unitek, 0.022″ × 0.028″) were recruited for this study. Human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained using periopaper strips at pre-treatment (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) of orthodontic treatment. Periapical radiographs of the upper permanent central incisors were taken at T0 and T6 to measure the amount of root resorption. Identification of changes in PA was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Student’s t-test was then performed to determine the significance of the differences in protein abundance before and after orthodontic treatment. Results Our findings showed that all ten subjects had mild root resorption, with an average resorption length of 0.56 ± 0.30 mm. A total of 186 proteins were found to be commonly present at T0, T1, T3, and T6. There were significant changes in the abundance of 16 proteins (student’s t-test, p ≤ 0.05). The increased PA of S100A9, immunoglobulin J chain, heat shock protein 1A, immunoglobulin heavy variable 4–34 and vitronectin at T1 suggested a response to stress that involved inflammation during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. On the other hand, the increased PA of thymidine phosphorylase at T3 suggested growth promotion and, angiogenic and chemotactic activities. Conclusions The identified proteins can be potential early markers for root resorption based on the increase in their respective PA and predicted roles during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. Non-invasive detection of root resorption using protein markers as early as possible is extremely important as it can aid orthodontists in successful orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Amirah Mohd Nasri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute (MGI), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Khurshid Z, Warsi I, Moin SF, Slowey PD, Latif M, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Biochemical analysis of oral fluids for disease detection. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 100:205-253. [PMID: 33453866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests used as part of routine health monitoring. The relatively recent introduction of salivary diagnostics has lead to a major paradigm shift in diagnostic analyses. Additionally, in this era of big data, oral fluid testing has shown promising outcomes in a number of fields, particularly the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Despite the analytical challenges involved in the interpretation of large datasets generated from biochemical studies involving bodily fluids, including saliva, many studies have identified novel oral biomarkers for diagnosing oral and systemic diseases. In this regard, oral biofluids, including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), dentinal tubular fluid (DTF), are now attracting increasing attention due to their important attributes, such as noninvasive sampling, easy handling, low cost, and more accurate diagnosis of oral diseases. Recently, the utilization of salivary diagnostics to evaluate systemic diseases and monitor general health has increased in popularity among clinicians. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which assist in the diagnosis of multiple diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), auto-immune and degenerative diseases, respiratory infections, oral diseases, and microbial (viral, bacterial and fungal) diseases. Moreover, due to its noninvasive nature and ease-of-adoption by children, it is now being used in mass screening programs, oral health-related studies and clinical trials in support of the development of therapeutic agents. The recent advent of highly sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, highly sensitives ELISAs, and homogeneous immunoassays, suggests that even small quantities of salivary biomarkers are able to be assayed accurately, providing opportunities for the development of many future diagnostic applications (including emerging technologies, such as point-of-care and rapid molecular technologies). The present article explores the omics and biochemical compositions of various oral biofluids with important value in diagnostics and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Warsi
- Masters in Medical Science and Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syed F Moin
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paul D Slowey
- Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12
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Pereira JAM, Porto-Figueira P, Taware R, Sukul P, Rapole S, Câmara JS. Unravelling the Potential of Salivary Volatile Metabolites in Oral Diseases. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3098. [PMID: 32646009 PMCID: PMC7412334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fostered by the advances in the instrumental and analytical fields, in recent years the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a new frontier in medical diagnostics. VOCs analysis is a non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive strategy with promising potential in clinical diagnostic procedures. Since cellular metabolism is altered by diseases, the resulting metabolic effects on VOCs may serve as biomarkers for any given pathophysiologic condition. Human VOCs are released from biomatrices such as saliva, urine, skin emanations and exhaled breath and are derived from many metabolic pathways. In this review, the potential of VOCs present in saliva will be explored as a monitoring tool for several oral diseases, including gingivitis and periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Moreover, the analytical state-of-the-art for salivary volatomics, e.g., the most common extraction techniques along with the current challenges and future perspectives will be addressed unequivocally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Ravindra Taware
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (R.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Pritam Sukul
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (R.T.); (S.R.)
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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13
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Carreira L, Midori Castelo P, Simões C, Capela e Silva F, Viegas C, Lamy E. Changes in Salivary Proteome in Response to Bread Odour. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041002. [PMID: 32260553 PMCID: PMC7230670 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that smelling food results in a mouth-watering feeling and influences appetite. However, besides changes in volume, little is known about the effects that food odours have on the composition of saliva. The aim of the present study was to access the effects that smelling bread has on saliva proteome and to compare such effects with those of chewing and ingesting it. Besides a significant increase in saliva flow rate, together with a decrease in total protein concentration, bread odour induced changes in the proportion of different salivary proteins. The expression levels of two spots of cystatins and two spots of amylase increased due to olfactory stimulation, similar to what happened with bread mastication, suggesting that odour can allow anticipation of the type of food eaten and consequently the physiological oral changes necessary to that ingestion. An interesting finding was that bread odour increased the expression levels of several protein spots of immunoglobulin chains, which were decreased by both bread or rice mastication. This may be of clinical relevance since food olfactory stimulation of salivary immunoglobulins can be used to potentiate the oral immune function of saliva. Moreover, the effects of bread odour in the levels of salivary proteins, previously observed to be involved in oral food processing led to the hypothesis of an influence of this odour in the sensory perception of foods further ingested. Further studies are needed to elucidate this point, as well as whether the changes observed for bread odour are specific, or if different food odours lead to similar salivary proteome responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carreira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (L.C.); (C.S.); (F.C.e.S.)
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Carla Simões
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (L.C.); (C.S.); (F.C.e.S.)
| | - Fernando Capela e Silva
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (L.C.); (C.S.); (F.C.e.S.)
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Viegas
- Department of Food Science, Estoril Higher Institute of Hospitality and Tourism (ESHTE), 2769-510 Estoril, Portugal;
| | - Elsa Lamy
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- IIFA—Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhang F, Li X, Ni Y, Shan G, Gao Y. Preliminary study of the urinary proteome in Li and Han ethnic individuals from Hainan. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:125-137. [PMID: 31102176 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers indicate changes associated with disease. Blood is relatively stable due to the homeostatic mechanisms of the body; however, urine accumulates metabolites from changes in the body, making it a better source for early biomarker discovery. The Li ethnic group is a unique minority ethnic group that has only lived on Hainan Island for approximately 5,000 years. Studies have shown that various specific genetic variations are different between the Li and Han ethnic groups. However, whether the urinary proteome between these two ethnic groups is significantly different remains unknown. In this study, differential urinary proteins were identified in the Li and Han ethnic groups using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 1,555 urinary proteins were identified. Twenty-five of the urinary proteins were statistically significantly different, 16 of which have been previously reported to be biomarkers of many diseases, and that these significantly different proteins were caused by ethnic differences rather than random differences. Ethnic group differences may be an influencing factor in urine proteome studies and should be considered when human urine samples are used for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xundou Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanying Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, China.
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15
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Bostanci N, Bao K, Greenwood D, Silbereisen A, Belibasakis GN. Periodontal disease: From the lenses of light microscopy to the specs of proteomics and next-generation sequencing. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 93:263-290. [PMID: 31655732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease entails the inflammatory destruction of the tooth supporting (periodontal) tissues as a result of polymicrobial colonization of the tooth surface in the form of biofilms. Extensive data collected over the past decades on this chronic disease demonstrate that its progression is infrequent and episodic, and the susceptibility to it can vary among individuals. Physical assessments of previously occurring damage to periodontal tissues remain the cornerstone of detection and diagnosis, whereas traditionally used diagnostic procedures do neither identify susceptible individuals nor distinguish between disease-active and disease-inactive periodontal sites. Thus, more sensitive and accurate "measurable biological indicators" of periodontal diseases are needed in order to place diagnosis (e.g., the presence or stage) and management of the disease on a more rational less empirical basis. Contemporary "omics" technologies may help unlock the path to this quest. High throughput nucleic acid sequencing technologies have enabled us to examine the taxonomic distribution of microbial communities in oral health and disease, whereas proteomic technologies allowed us to decipher the molecular state of the host in disease, as well as the interactive cross-talk of the host with the microbiome. The newly established field of metaproteomics has enabled the identification of the repertoire of proteins that oral microorganisms use to compete or co-operate with each other. Vast such data is derived from oral biological fluids, including gingival crevicular fluid and saliva, which is progressively completed and catalogued as the analytical technologies and bioinformatics tools progressively advance. This chapter covers the current "omics"-derived knowledge on the microbiome, the host and their "interactome" with regard to periodontal diseases, and addresses challenges and opportunities ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kai Bao
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Greenwood
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Bravo SB, López-Jornet P, García-Vence M, Alonso-Sampedro M, Carballo J, García-García A. Protein-Based Salivary Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Oral Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6141845. [PMID: 30524521 PMCID: PMC6247606 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Global Burden of Oral Diseases affects 3.5 billion people worldwide, representing the number of people affected by the burden of untreated dental caries, severe periodontal disease, and edentulism. Thus, much more efforts in terms of diagnostics and treatments must be provided in the fight of these outcomes. In this sense, recently, the study of saliva as biological matrix has been identified as a new landmark initiative in the search of novel and useful biomarkers to prevent and diagnose these conditions. Specifically, saliva is a rich reservoir of different proteins and peptides and accessible due to recent advances in molecular biology and specially in targeted and unbiased proteomics technologies. Nonetheless, emerging barriers are an obstacle to the study of the salivary proteome in an effective way. This review aims at giving an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers identified in several oral diseases by means of molecular biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pía López-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María García-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuela Alonso-Sampedro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Javier Carballo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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17
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Bostanci N, Bao K. Contribution of proteomics to our understanding of periodontal inflammation. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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18
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Jaedicke KM, Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2015; 70:164-83. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Rahim MAA, Rahim ZHA, Ahmad WAW, Hashim OH. Can Saliva Proteins Be Used to Predict the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction among High-Risk Patients? Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:329-35. [PMID: 25897294 PMCID: PMC4402436 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva plays a pivotal role in digesting food and maintaining oral hygiene. The presence of electrolytes, mucus, glycoproteins, enzymes, antibacterial compounds, and gingival crevicular fluid in saliva ensures the optimum condition of oral cavity and general health condition. Saliva collection has been proven non-invasive, convenient, and inexpensive compared to conventional venipuncture procedure. These distinctive advantages provide a promising potential of saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Through comprehensive analysis, an array of salivary proteins and peptides may be beneficial as biomarkers in oral and systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the utility of human salivary proteomes and tabulate the recent salivary biomarkers found in subjects with acute myocardial infarction as well as respective methods employed. In a clinical setting, since acute myocardial infarction contributes to large cases of mortality worldwide, an early intervention using these biomarkers will provide an effective solution to reduce global heart attack incidence particularly among its high-risk group of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The utility of salivary biomarkers will make the prediction of this cardiac event possible due to its reliability hence improve the quality of life of the patients. Current challenges in saliva collection are also addressed to improve the quality of saliva samples and produce robust biomarkers for future use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aizat Abdul Rahim
- 1. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 5. Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Haji Abdul Rahim
- 1. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- 2. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- 3. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 4. University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Jessie K, Jayapalan JJ, Rahim ZHA, Hashim OH. Aberrant proteins featured in the saliva of habitual betel quid chewers: An indication of early oral premalignancy? Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3504-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kala Jessie
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Haji Abdul Rahim
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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21
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Trindade F, Oppenheim FG, Helmerhorst EJ, Amado F, Gomes PS, Vitorino R. Uncovering the molecular networks in periodontitis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:748-61. [PMID: 24828325 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex immune-inflammatory disease that results from a preestablished infection in gingiva, mainly due to Gram-negative bacteria that colonize deeper in gingival sulcus and latter periodontal pocket. Host inflammatory and immune responses have both protective and destructive roles. Although cytokines, prostaglandins, and proteases struggle against microbial burden, these molecules promote connective tissue loss and alveolar bone resorption, leading to several histopathological changes, namely destruction of periodontal ligament, deepening of periodontal pocket, and bone loss, which can converge to attain tooth loss. Despite the efforts of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics/peptidomics, and metabolomics, there is no available biomarker for periodontitis diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation, which could assist on the established clinical evaluation. Nevertheless, some genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites have already shown a different expression in healthy subjects and in patients. Though, so far, 'omics approaches only disclosed the host inflammatory response as a consequence of microbial invasion in periodontitis and the diagnosis in periodontitis still relies on clinical parameters, thus a molecular tool for assessing periodontitis lacks in current dental medicine paradigm. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid have been attracting researchers due to their diagnostic potential, ease, and noninvasive nature of collection. Each one of these fluids has some advantages and disadvantages that are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Trindade
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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22
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Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Osterwalder V, Bostanci N. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin: a novel local inflammatory marker associated with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:337-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ö. Öztürk
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - V. Osterwalder
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - N. Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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23
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The landscape of protein biomarkers proposed for periodontal disease: markers with functional meaning. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:569632. [PMID: 25057495 PMCID: PMC4099050 DOI: 10.1155/2014/569632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is characterized by a deregulated inflammatory response which fails to resolve, activating bone resorption. The identification of the proteomes associated with PD has fuelled biomarker proposals; nevertheless, many questions remain. Biomarker selection should favour molecules representing an event which occurs throughout the disease progress. The analysis of proteome results and the information available for each protein, including its functional role, was accomplished using the OralOme database. The integrated analysis of this information ascertains if the suggested proteins reflect the cell and/or molecular mechanisms underlying the different forms of periodontal disease. The evaluation of the proteins present/absent or with very different concentrations in the proteome of each disease state was used for the identification of the mechanisms shared by different PD variants or specific to such state. The information presented is relevant for the adequate design of biomarker panels for PD. Furthermore, it will open new perspectives and help envisage future studies targeted to unveil the functional role of specific proteins and help clarify the deregulation process in the PD inflammatory response.
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24
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Salivary diagnostics: a brief review. ISRN DENTISTRY 2014; 2014:158786. [PMID: 24616813 PMCID: PMC3926256 DOI: 10.1155/2014/158786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of disease plays a crucial role for treatment planning and prognosis. Saliva has great potential as a diagnostic fluid and offers advantage over serum and other biological fluids by an economic and noninvasive collection method for monitoring of systemic health and disease progression. The plethora of components in this fluid can act as biomarkers for diagnosis of various systemic and local diseases. In this review paper, we have emphasized the role of salivary biomarkers as diagnostic tools.
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25
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Kallapur B, Ramalingam K, Bastian, Mujib A, Sarkar A, Sethuraman S. Quantitative estimation of sodium, potassium and total protein in saliva of diabetic smokers and nonsmokers: A novel study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:341-5. [PMID: 24082729 PMCID: PMC3783777 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in sodium, potassium, total protein in whole saliva in diabetic smokers, diabetic nonsmokers and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Nonstimulated saliva samples were collected from a group of diabetic smokers, diabetic nonsmokers, and controls. Supernatant after centrifugation was used to determine the levels of sodium, potassium, and total protein by using semiautomatic analyzer. Results: There exists a statistical difference in the levels of potassium and total protein between diabetic smokers, nondiabetic smokers, and controls. Difference in the levels of sodium is only significant with nondiabetic smokers and controls. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is known to alter the composition of saliva. The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the levels of salivary potassium, sodium, and total protein in smoker diabetic patients and nondiabetic smokers and controls, and to explore potential of salivary electrolytes [Na+, K+] and total proteins as markers. The estimated values of salivary constituents add to the data already recorded in Indian population. However, further studies using large samples are required to evaluate the findings in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Kallapur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Al-jabal Al-gharbi University, Gharian, Libya
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26
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Jessie K, Jayapalan JJ, Ong KC, Abdul Rahim ZH, Zain RM, Wong KT, Hashim OH. Aberrant proteins in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2495-502. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kala Jessie
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Kien-Chai Ong
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Rosnah Mohd Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kum-Thong Wong
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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27
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Salazar MG, Jehmlich N, Murr A, Dhople VM, Holtfreter B, Hammer E, Völker U, Kocher T. Identification of periodontitis associated changes in the proteome of whole human saliva by mass spectrometric analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:825-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Annette Murr
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Vishnu M. Dhople
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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28
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Isabel Padrão A, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Amado F. Proteome-base biomarkers in diabetes mellitus: progress on biofluids' protein profiling using mass spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 6:447-66. [PMID: 22997208 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide number of individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) has been projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Identification of specific biomarkers for prediction and monitoring of DM is needed not only for the adequate screening diagnosis but also to assist the design of interventions to prevent or delay progression of this pathology and its attendant complications. Proteomic methods based on MS hold special promise for the identification of novel biomarkers that might form the foundation for new clinical tests, but to date, their contribution has been somehow unfruitful. Indeed, from more than 300 proteins found differently modulated in body fluids from diabetic patients, approximately 50 were validated with other approaches like ELISA or Western blotting and the clinical trials are being initiated to employ biofluids' proteomics (specifically urinary proteomics) in clinical decision. This review provides an overview of MS-based applications in the identification of potential biomarkers for DM, emphasizing the methodological challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Padrão
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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Caseiro A, Ferreira R, Padrão A, Quintaneiro C, Pereira A, Marinheiro R, Vitorino R, Amado F. Salivary Proteome and Peptidome Profiling in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Quantitative Approach. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1700-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Caseiro
- QOPNA, Mass
Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Mass
Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Padrão
- QOPNA, Mass
Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Amélia Pereira
- Figueira da Foz Hospital, Internal Medicine Service, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Vitorino
- QOPNA, Mass
Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass
Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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