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Rojas Moreno MM, González-Pérez E, Rodríguez-Hernandez AA, Ortega-Amaro MA, Becerra-Flora A, Serrano M, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Expression of EPL1 from Trichoderma atroviride in Arabidopsis Confers Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37447005 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During plant interaction with beneficial microorganisms, fungi secrete a battery of elicitors that trigger plant defenses against pathogenic microorganisms. Among the elicitor molecules secreted by Trichoderma are cerato-platanin proteins, such as EPL1, from Trichoderma atroviride. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana plants that express the TaEPL1 gene were challenged with phytopathogens to evaluate whether expression of EPL1 confers increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Infection assays showed that Arabidopsis EPL1-2, EPL1-3, EPL1-4 expressing lines were more resistant to both pathogens in comparison to WT plants. After Pseudomonas syringae infection, there were reduced disease symptoms (e.g., small chlorotic spots) and low bacterial titers in the three 35S::TaEPL1 expression lines. Similarly; 35S::TaEPL1 expression lines were more resistant to Botrytis cinerea infection, showing smaller lesion size in comparison to WT. Interestingly, an increase in ROS levels was detected in 35S::TaEPL1 expression lines when compared to WT. A higher expression of SA- and JA-response genes occurred in the 35S::TaEPL1 lines, which could explain the resistance of these EPL1 expression lines to both pathogens. We propose that EPL1 is an excellent elicitor, which can be used to generate crops with improved resistance to broad-spectrum diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Montserrat Rojas Moreno
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Enrique González-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Aida Araceli Rodríguez-Hernandez
- CONAHCyT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Km. 6.5 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Yautepec 62739, Mexico
| | - María Azucena Ortega-Amaro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano Oeste, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo 78290, Mexico
| | - Alicia Becerra-Flora
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
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Schmidt J, Dotson BR, Schmiderer L, van Tour A, Kumar B, Marttila S, Fredlund KM, Widell S, Rasmusson AG. Substrate and Plant Genotype Strongly Influence the Growth and Gene Expression Response to Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 in Sugar Beet. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9081005. [PMID: 32784636 PMCID: PMC7464433 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many strains of Trichoderma fungi have beneficial effects on plant growth and pathogen control, but little is known about the importance of plant genotype, nor the underlying mechanisms. We aimed to determine the effect of sugar beet genotypic variation on Trichoderma biostimulation. The effect of Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 on sugar beet inbred genotypes were investigated in soil and on sterile agar medium regarding plant growth, and by quantitative reverse transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis for gene expression. In soil, T22 application induced up to 30% increase or decrease in biomass, depending on plant genotype. In contrast, T22 treatment of sterile-grown seedlings resulted in a general decrease in fresh weight and root length across all sugar beet genotypes. Root colonization of T22 did not vary between the sugar beet genotypes. Sand- and sterile-grown roots were investigated by qRT-PCR for expression of marker genes for pathogen response pathways. Genotype-dependent effects of T22 on, especially, the jasmonic acid/ethylene expression marker PR3 were observed, and the effects were further dependent on the growth system used. Thus, both growth substrate and sugar beet genotype strongly affect the outcome of inoculation with T. afroharzianum T22.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Schmidt
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
- MariboHilleshög AB, Säbyholmsv. 24, 261 91 Landskrona, Sweden;
| | - Bradley R. Dotson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Ludwig Schmiderer
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Adriaan van Tour
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Banushree Kumar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Salla Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE–23053 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | | | - Susanne Widell
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Allan G. Rasmusson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden; john-- (J.S.); (B.R.D.); (L.S.); (A.v.T.); (B.K.); (S.W.)
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The Arabidopsis-Trichoderma interaction reveals that the fungal growth medium is an important factor in plant growth induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16427. [PMID: 30401880 PMCID: PMC6219587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma spp colonizes the plant rhizosphere and provides pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and enhance growth and development. We evaluated the Arabidopsis-Trichoderma interaction using a split system in which Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma virens were grown on PDA or MS medium. Arabidopsis growth was significantly increased at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation with both Trichoderma species, when the fungal strains were grown on PDA in split interaction. The analysis of DR5:uidA reporter line revealed a greater auxin accumulation in root tips when the fungi were grown on PDA in a split interaction. The root hair-defective phenotype of Arabidopsis rhd6 mutant was reverted with both Trichoderma species, even in split interactions. At 12 °C, Trichoderma species in split interactions were able to mitigate the effects of cold stress on the plant, and also Trichoderma induced the AtERD14 expression, a cold related gene. Volatile organic compounds analysis revealed that Trichoderma strains produce mainly sesquiterpenes, and that the type and abundance of these compounds was dependent on the fungal strain and the culture medium. Our results show that fungal nutrition is an important factor in plant growth in a split interaction.
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Lu PP, Yu TF, Zheng WJ, Chen M, Zhou YB, Chen J, Ma YZ, Xi YJ, Xu ZS. The Wheat Bax Inhibitor-1 Protein Interacts with an Aquaporin TaPIP1 and Enhances Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:20. [PMID: 29403525 PMCID: PMC5786567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident cell death suppressor evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes. The ability of BI-1 to inhibit the biotic and abiotic stresses have been well-studied in Arabidopsis, while the functions of wheat BI-1 are largely unknown. In this study, the wheat BI-1 gene TaBI-1.1 was isolated by an RNA-seq analysis of Fusarium graminearum (Fg)-treated wheat. TaBI-1.1 expression was induced by a salicylic acid (SA) treatment and down-regulated by an abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Based on β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining, TaBI-1.1 was expressed in mature leaves and roots but not in the hypocotyl or young leaves. Constitutive expression of TaBI-1.1 in Arabidopsis enhanced its resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection and induced SA-related gene expression. Additionally, TaBI-1.1 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited an alleviation of damage caused by high concentrations of SA and decreased the sensitivity to ABA. Consistent with the phenotype, the RNA-seq analysis of 35S::TaBI-1.1 and Col-0 plants showed that TaBI-1.1 was involved in biotic stresses. These results suggested that TaBI-1.1 positively regulates SA signals and plays important roles in the response to biotic stresses. In addition, TaBI-1.1 interacted with the aquaporin TaPIP1, and both them were localized to ER membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TaPIP1 was up-regulated by SA treatment and TaPIP1 transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to Pst DC3000 infection. Thus, the interaction between TaBI-1.1 and TaPIP1 on the ER membrane probably occurs in response to SA signals and defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Lu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Xi
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Shi Xu, Ya-Jun Xi,
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Shi Xu, Ya-Jun Xi,
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Berkey R, Zhang Y, Ma X, King H, Zhang Q, Wang W, Xiao S. Homologues of the RPW8 Resistance Protein Are Localized to the Extrahaustorial Membrane that Is Likely Synthesized De Novo. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:600-613. [PMID: 27856916 PMCID: PMC5210751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon penetration of the host cell wall, the powdery mildew fungus develops a feeding structure named the haustorium in the invaded host cell. Concomitant with haustorial biogenesis, the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) is formed to separate the haustorium from the host cell cytoplasm. The Arabidopsis resistance protein RPW8.2 is specifically targeted to the EHM where it activates haustorium-targeted resistance against powdery mildew. RPW8.2 belongs to a small family with six members in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Whether Homologs of RPW8 (HR) 1 to HR4 are also localized to the EHM and contribute to resistance has not been determined. Here, we report that overexpression of HR1, HR2, or HR3 led to enhanced resistance to powdery mildew, while genetic depletion of HR2 or HR3 resulted in enhanced susceptibility, indicating that these RPW8 homologs contribute to basal resistance. Interestingly, we found that N-terminally YFP-tagged HR1 to HR3 are also EHM-localized. This suggests that EHM-targeting is an ancestral feature of the RPW8 family. Indeed, two RPW8 homologs from Brassica oleracea tested also exhibit EHM-localization. Domain swapping analysis between HR3 and RPW8.2 suggests that sequence diversification in the N-terminal 146 amino acids of RPW8.2 probably functionally distinguishes it from other family members. Moreover, we found that N-terminally YFP-tagged HR3 is also localized to the plasma membrane and the fungal penetration site (the papilla) in addition to the EHM. Using this unique feature of YFP-HR3, we obtained preliminary evidence to suggest that the EHM is unlikely derived from invagination of the plasma membrane, rather it may be mainly synthesized de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berkey
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.)
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.)
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
| | - Xianfeng Ma
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.)
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
| | - Harlan King
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.)
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.)
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
| | - Wenming Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.)
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland (R.B., Y.Z., X.M., H.K., Q.Z., S.X.);
- The Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (W.W.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (S.X.)
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Salazar-Badillo FB, Sánchez-Rangel D, Becerra-Flora A, López-Gómez M, Nieto-Jacobo F, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Arabidopsis thaliana polyamine content is modified by the interaction with different Trichoderma species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 95:49-56. [PMID: 26186363 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are associated with a wide range of microorganisms throughout their life cycle, and some interactions result on plant benefits. Trichoderma species are plant beneficial fungi that enhance plant growth and development, contribute to plant nutrition and induce defense responses. Nevertheless, the molecules involved in these beneficial effects still need to be identify. Polyamines are ubiquitous molecules implicated in plant growth and development, and in the establishment of plant microbe interactions. In this study, we assessed the polyamine profile in Arabidopsis plants during the interaction with Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma atroviride, using a system that allows direct plant-fungal contact or avoids their physical interaction (split system). The plantlets that grew in the split system exhibited higher biomass than the ones in direct contact with Trichoderma species. After 3 days of interaction, a significant decrease in Arabidopsis polyamine levels was observed in both systems (direct contact and split). After 5 days of interaction polyamine levels were increased. The highest levels were observed with T. atroviride (split system), and with T. virens (direct contact). The expression levels of Arabidopsis ADC1 and ADC2 genes during the interaction with the fungi were also assessed. We observed a time dependent regulation of ADC1 and ADC2 genes, which correlates with polyamine levels. Our data show an evident change in polyamine profile during Arabidopsis - Trichoderma interaction, accompanied by evident alterations in plant root architecture. Polyamines could be involved in the changes undergone by plant during the interaction with this beneficial fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Berenice Salazar-Badillo
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Apartado Postal 3-74 Tangamanga, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Investigador Cátedras CONACyT en el Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAV) Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
| | - Alicia Becerra-Flora
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Apartado Postal 3-74 Tangamanga, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Fernanda Nieto-Jacobo
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Apartado Postal 3-74 Tangamanga, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Ma XF, Li Y, Sun JL, Wang TT, Fan J, Lei Y, Huang YY, Xu YJ, Zhao JQ, Xiao S, Wang WM. Ectopic Expression of RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW8.1 Confers Resistance to Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1484-96. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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