1
|
Manna I, De Benedittis S, Porro D. Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Their Significance in the Development and Possible Applications as Therapeutic Agents and Biomarkers. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:772. [PMID: 38927708 PMCID: PMC11203165 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are "micro-shuttles" that play a role as mediators of intercellular communication. Cells release EVs into the extracellular environment in both physiological and pathological conditions and are involved in intercellular communication, due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and in the modulation of the immune system and neuroinflammation. Because EVs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and move from the central nervous system to the peripheral circulation, and vice versa, recent studies have shown a substantial role for EVs in several neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a demyelinating disease where the main event is caused by T and B cells triggering an autoimmune reaction against myelin constituents. Recent research has elucidate the potential involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathophysiology of MS, although, to date, their potential role both as agents and therapeutic targets in MS is not fully defined. We present in this review a summary and comprehensive examination of EVs' involvement in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis, exploring their potential applications as biomarkers and indicators of therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Manna
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Selene De Benedittis
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 87050 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Porro
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu S, Shang X, Guo M, Su L, Wang J. Exosomes in the Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Review. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:387. [PMID: 38927267 PMCID: PMC11200774 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-150 nm small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which are highly stable and encapsulated by a phospholipid bilayer. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, RNAs (mRNAs, microRNAs/miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs/lncRNAs), and DNA of their parent cell. In pathological conditions, the composition of exosomes is altered, making exosomes a potential source of biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is an advantage for using exosomes in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neuropsychiatric diseases belong to the CNS diseases, and many potential diagnostic markers have been identified for neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we review the potential diagnostic markers of exosomes in neuropsychiatric diseases and discuss the potential application of exosomal biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis of these diseases. Additionally, we outline the limitations and future directions of exosomes in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinmiao Shang
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lei Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Jun Wang
- Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (M.G.)
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teekaput C, Thiankhaw K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Possible Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Interventions of Immune-Mediated Central Demyelinating Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2024; 33:47-67. [PMID: 38724476 PMCID: PMC11089403 DOI: 10.5607/en24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are two of the most devastating immune-mediated central demyelinating disorders. NMOSD was once considered as a variant of MS until the discovery of an antibody specific to the condition. Despite both MS and NMOSD being considered central demyelinating disorders, their pathogenesis and clinical manifestations are distinct, however the exact mechanisms associated with each disease remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles originating in various cells which serve as intercellular communicators. There is a large body of evidence to show the possible roles of EVs in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including the immune-mediated central demyelinating disorders. Various types of EVs are found across disease stages and could potentially be used as a surrogate marker, as well as acting by carrying a cargo of biochemical molecules. The possibility for EVs to be used as a next-generation targeted treatment for the immune-mediated central demyelinating disorders has been investigated. The aim of this review was to comprehensively identify, compile and discuss key findings from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. A summary of all findings shows that: 1) the EV profiles of MS and NMOSD differ from those of healthy individuals, 2) the use of EV markers as liquid biopsy diagnostic tools appears to be promising biomarkers for both MS and NMOSD, and 3) EVs are being studied as a potential targeted therapy for MS and NMOSD. Any controversial findings are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chutithep Teekaput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kitti Thiankhaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emami Nejad A, Mostafavi Zadeh SM, Nickho H, Sadoogh Abbasian A, Forouzan A, Ahmadlou M, Nedaeinia R, Shaverdi S, Manian M. The role of microRNAs involved in the disorder of blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281567. [PMID: 38193092 PMCID: PMC10773759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are involved in various vital processes, including cell growth, development, apoptosis, cellular differentiation, and pathological cellular activities. Circulating miRNAs can be detected in various body fluids including serum, plasma, saliva, and urine. It is worth mentioning that miRNAs remain stable in the circulation in biological fluids and are released from membrane-bound vesicles called exosomes, which protect them from RNase activity. It has been shown that miRNAs regulate blood-brain barrier integrity by targeting both tight junction and adherens junction molecules and can also influence the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Some recent studies have examined the impact of certain commonly used drugs in Multiple Sclerosis on miRNA levels. In this review, we will focus on the recent findings on the role of miRNAs in multiple sclerosis, including their role in the cause of MS and molecular mechanisms of the disease, utilizing miRNAs as diagnostic and clinical biomarkers, using miRNAs as a therapeutic modality or target for Multiple Sclerosis and drug responses in patients, elucidating their importance as prognosticators of disease progression, and highlighting their potential as a future treatment for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sadoogh Abbasian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azim Forouzan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ahmadlou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saham Shaverdi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haghmorad D, Khaleghian A, Eslami M, Sadeghnejad A, Tarahomi M, Yousefi B. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modifying expression patterns of miRNAs. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9971-9984. [PMID: 37897611 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical and experimental studies highlighted the significant therapeutic role of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in neurodegenerative diseases. MSCs possess potent immunomodulatory properties by releasing exosomes, which generate a suitable microenvironment. microRNAs (miRNAs), as one of several effective bioactive molecules of exosomes, influence cellular communication and activities in recipient cells. Recent studies revealed that miRNAs could control the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) via differentiation and function of T helper cells (Th). METHODS Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of syngeneic-derived BM-MSC in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS by evaluating expression profile of miRNAs, pro- and anti-inflammatory in serum and brain tissues. Three-time scheme groups (6th day, 6th & 12th days, and 12th day, of post-EAE induction) were applied to determine the therapeutic effects of intraperitoneally received 1*106 of BM-MSCs. RESULTS The expression levels of mature isoforms of miR-193, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-21, and miR-326 showed that BM-MSCs treatment attenuated the EAE clinical score and reduced clinical inflammation as well as demyelination. The improved neurological functional outcome associated with enhanced expression of miR-193 and miR-146a, but decreased expression levels of miR-155, miR-21, and miR-326 were followed by suppressing effects on Th1/Th17 immune responses (reduced levels of IFN-γand IL-17 cytokine expression) and induction of Treg cells, immunoregulatory responses (increase of IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-4) in treatment groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BM-MSCs administration might change expression patterns of miRNAs and downstream interactions followed by immune system modulation. However, there is a need to carry out future human clinical trials and complementary experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Tarahomi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doghish AS, Elazazy O, Mohamed HH, Mansour RM, Ghanem A, Faraag AHI, Elballal MS, Elrebehy MA, Elesawy AE, Abdel Mageed SS, Mohammed OA, Nassar YA, Abulsoud AI, Raouf AA, Abdel-Reheim MA, Rashad AA, Elawady AS, Elsisi AM, Alsalme A, Ali MA. The role of miRNAs in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154880. [PMID: 37832353 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increased attention from researchers around the globe. Although it is twenty nucleotides long, it can modulate several gene targets simultaneously. Their mal expression is a signature of various pathologies, and they provide the foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of each pathology. Among the debilitating central nervous system (CNS) disorders with a growing prevalence globally is the multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, the diagnosis of MS is challenging due to the lack of disease-specific biomarkers, and the diagnosis mainly depends on ruling out other disabilities. MS could adversely affect patients' lives through its progression, and only symptomatic treatments are available as therapeutic options, but an exact cure is yet unavailable. Consequently, this review hopes to further the study of the biological features of miRNAs in MS and explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hend H Mohamed
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Reda M Mansour
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H I Faraag
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara A Nassar
- Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amr Raouf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Rashad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Elawady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Elsisi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammadinasr M, Montazersaheb S, Molavi O, Kahroba H, Talebi M, Ayromlou H, Hejazi MS. Multiplex Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Exosomes MicroRNAs of Untreated Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Proposing Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:402-414. [PMID: 37020076 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging diagnostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to detect relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)-specific miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum exosomes with diagnostic potential. One ml of CSF and serum sample were collected from each of the 30 untreated RRMS patients and healthy controls (HCs). A panel of 18 miRNAs affecting inflammatory responses was applied, and qRT-PCR was conducted to detect differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in CSF and serum of RRMS patients. We identified that 17 out of 18 miRNAs displayed different patterns in RRMS patients compared to HCs. Let-7 g-5p, miR-18a-5p, miR-145-5p, and miR-374a-5p with dual pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions and miR-150-5p and miR-342-3p with anti-inflammatory action were significantly upregulated in both CSF and serum-derived exosomes of RRMS patients compared to corresponding HCs. Additionally, anti-inflammatory miR-132-5p and pro-inflammatory miR-320a-5p were significantly downregulated in both CSF and serum-derived exosomes of RRMS patients compared to HCs. Ten of 18 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CSF and serum exosomes of the patients. Furthermore, miR-15a-5p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-432-5p were upregulated, and miR-17-5p was downregulated only in CSF exosomes. Interestingly, U6 housekeeping gene was differentially expressed in CSF and serum exosomes, in both RRMS and HCs. As the first report describing CSF exosomal miRNAs expression profile compared to that of serum exosomes in untreated RRMS patients, we showed that CSF and serum exosomes are not identical in terms of biological compounds and display different patterns in miRNAs and U6 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammadinasr
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hormoz Ayromlou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Therapeutic treatment with fluoxetine using the chronic unpredictable stress model induces changes in neurotransmitters and circulating miRNAs in extracellular vesicles. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13442. [PMID: 36852042 PMCID: PMC9958461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most widely prescribed antidepressant, fluoxetine (FLX), is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects when administered post-stress. Few studies have evaluated the effects of FLX treatment when chronic stress has induced deleterious effects in patients. Our objective was to evaluate FLX treatment (20 mg/kg/day, i.v.) once these effects are manifested, and the drug's relation to extracellular circulating microRNAs associated with inflammation, a hedonic response (sucrose intake), the forced swim test (FST), and corticosterone levels (CORT) and monoamine concentrations in limbic areas. A group of Wistar rats was divided into groups: Control; FLX; CUMS (for six weeks of exposure to chronic, unpredictable mild stress); and CUMS + FLX, a mixed group. After CUMS, the rats performed the FST, and serum levels of CORT and six microRNAs (miR-16, -21, -144, -155, -146a, -223) were analyzed, as were levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. CUMS reduced body weight, sucrose intake, and hippocampal noradrenaline levels, but increased CORT, immobility behavior on the FST, dopamine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex, and all miRNAs except miR-146a expression. Administering FLX during CUMS reduced CORT levels and immobility behavior on the FST and increased the expression of miR-16, -21, -146a, -223, and dopamine. FLX protects against the deleterious effects of stress by reducing CORT and has an antidepressant effect on the FST, with minimally-modified neurotransmitter levels. FLX increased the expression of miRNAs as part of the antidepressant effect. It also regulates both neuroinflammation and serotoninergic neurotransmission through miRNAs, such as the miR-16.
Collapse
|
9
|
Saeidi N, Goudarzvand H, Mohammadi H, Mardi A, Ghoreishizadeh S, Shomali N, Goudarzvand M. Dysregulation of miR-193a serves as a potential contributor to MS pathogenesis via affecting RhoA and Rock1. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104468. [PMID: 36529069 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases that cause chronic inflammation of the central nervous system and demyelination of the myelin sheath. At present, microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered not only a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of diseases but also a new goal in gene therapy. This study aims to find a simple, non-invasive, valuable biomarker for early detection and potential treatment of MS. METHODS In the present study, 30 patients with MS were included. The qRT-PCR method was performed to evaluate the expression level of miR-193a, RhoA, and ROCK1. Besides, western blotting was performed to determine the expression level of RhoA and ROCK1 at protein levels. Moreover, we aimed to clarify the possible correlation between miR-193a-5p and its-regulated target genes so that miR-193a-5p mimic was transfected into MS-derived cultured PBMSs, and the expression level of RhoA and ROCK1 were then evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In the final step, the correlation between miR-193a-5p and clinicopathological features of patients was investigated. RESULTS Results showed that miR-193a was decreased while RhoA and ROCK1 were up-regulated in PBMCs obtained from patients with MS compared to the control group. It was also revealed that miR-193a transfection reduced RhoA and ROCK1 expression at mRNA and protein levels. The results from the Chi-square analysis showed that down-regulation of miR-193a was associated with increased CRP level, CSF IgG positivity, and MSSS (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score), suggesting miR-193a is a potential diagnostic and prognostic indicator. CONCLUSION We implied that miR-193a could modulate RhoA and ROCK 1 expression in MS patients, in which its down-regulation leads to increased expression of RhoA and ROCK1 and poor prognosis of patients with MS. Therefore, miR-193a and its associated targets could serve potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic efficacy in MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Saeidi
- DNA Laboratory, Analytical Laboratories, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shadi Ghoreishizadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Goudarzvand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule Promotes Myelin Repair by Modulating the Transformation of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocytes In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3800004. [PMID: 36092158 PMCID: PMC9458373 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) primarily hallmarked by neuroinflammation and demyelination. The activation of astrocytes exerts double-edged sword effects, which perform an integral function in demyelination and remyelination. In this research, we examined the therapeutic effects of the Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYS), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, in a cuprizone- (CPZ-) triggered demyelination model of MS (CPZ mice). This research intended to evaluate if BSYS might promote remyelination by shifting A1 astrocytes to A2 astrocytes. Methods. The effects of BSYS on astrocyte polarization and the potential mechanisms were explored in vitro and in vivo utilizing real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Histopathology, expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6), growth factors (TGF-β, BDNF), and motor coordination were assessed to verify the effects of BSYS (3.02 g/kg/d) on CPZ mice. In vitro, A1 astrocytes were induced by TNF-α (30 ng/mL), IL-1α (3 ng/mL), and C1q (400 ng/mL), following which the effect of BSYS-containing serum (concentration of 15%) on the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes was also evaluated. Results and Conclusions. BSYS treatment improved motor function in CPZ mice as assessed by rotarod tests. Intragastric administration of BSYS considerably lowered the proportion of A1 astrocytes, but the number of A2 astrocytes, MOG+, PLP+, CNPase+, and MBP+ cells was upregulated. Meanwhile, dysregulation of glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was reversed in CPZ mice after treatment with BSYS. In addition, the lesion area and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased and neuronal protection factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased. In vitro, BSYS-containing serum suppressed the A1 astrocytic markers' expression and elevated the expression levels of A2 markers in primary astrocytes triggered by C1q, TNF-α, and IL-1α. Importantly, the miR-155/SOCS1 signaling pathway was involved in the modulation of the A1/A2 phenotype shift. Overall, this study demonstrated that BSYS has neuroprotective effects in myelin repair by modulating astrocyte polarization via the miR-155/SOCS1 pathway.
Collapse
|
11
|
Progression of Type 1 Diabetes: Circulating MicroRNA Expression Profiles Changes from Preclinical to Overt Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2734490. [PMID: 35903753 PMCID: PMC9325579 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the potential biological involvement of miRNA expression in the immune response and beta cell function in T1D. Methods We screened 377 serum miRNAs of 110 subjects divided into four groups: healthy individuals (control group) and patients at different stages of T1D progression, from the initial immunological manifestation presenting islet autoantibodies (AbP group) until partial and strong beta cell damage in the recent (recent T1D group) and long-term T1D, with 2 to 5 years of disease (T1D 2-5y group). Results The results revealed 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in relation to controls. Several miRNAs were correlated with islet autoantibodies (IA2A, GADA, and Znt8A), age, and C-peptide levels, mainly from AbP, and recent T1D groups pointing these miRNAs as relevant to T1D pathogenesis and progression. Several miRNAs were related to metabolic derangements, inflammatory pathways, and several other autoimmune diseases. Pathway analysis of putative DEM targets revealed an enrichment in pathways related to metabolic syndrome, inflammatory response, apoptosis and insulin signaling pathways, metabolic derangements, and decreased immunomodulation. One of the miRNAs' gene targets was DYRK2 (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2), which is an autoantigen targeted by an antibody in T1D. ROC curve analysis showed hsa-miR-16 and hsa-miR-200a-3p with AUCs greater than for glucose levels, with discriminating power for T1D prediction greater than glucose levels. Conclusions/Interpretation. Our data suggests a potential influence of DEMs on disease progression from the initial autoimmune lesion up to severe beta cell dysfunction and the role of miRNAs hsa-miR-16 and hsa-miR-200a-3p as biomarkers of T1D progression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Perdaens O, van Pesch V. Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:811518. [PMID: 35281989 PMCID: PMC8913495 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.811518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and associated to inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes fuel each other and partially explain increasing incidence of cancers, infections, age-related autoimmunity, and vascular disease as well as a reduced response to vaccination. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease, for which considerable progress in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and management has improved long-term survival. However, disability progression, increasing with age and disease duration, remains. Neurologists are now involved in caring for elderly MS patients, with increasing comorbidities. Aging of the immune system therefore has relevant implications for MS pathogenesis, response to DMTs and the risks mediated by these treatments. We propose to review current evidence regarding markers and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and their relevance to understanding MS pathogenesis. We will focus on age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in MS and other auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The consequences of these immune changes on MS pathology, in interaction with the intrinsic aging process of central nervous system resident cells will be discussed. Finally, the impact of immunosenescence on disease evolution and on the safety and efficacy of current DMTs will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Vincent van Pesch
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baluni M, Ghildiyal S, Fatima T, Tiwari R, Upadhyay S, Dhole TN, Reddy DH, Singh D. Differential expression of circulating microRNAs in serum: Potential biomarkers to track Japanese encephalitis virus infection. J Med Virol 2021; 94:531-539. [PMID: 34698413 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis is one of the serious vector-borne viral encephalitis diseases found worldwide and poses a major threat to public health. Most Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections are subclinical; only 1: 250 to 1:1000 infected persons develop clinical presentations. Delay in proper diagnosis of JE affects the timeliness of treatment initiation and increases the mortality rate in patients. Therefore, there is an extreme need to develop potential biomarkers, which might improve the diagnosis and can become the basis for development of new therapeutics. The microRNAs (miRNAs/or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs of 17-24 nucleotides that are known to regulate about 60% of human genes. Although miRNAs have been found to regulate various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, less information on circulating miRNAs in JE is known. The study of JEV infected human serum miRNAs will provide novel information for the diagnosis of JE as well as for the improvement of disease outcome. Total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from serum followed by the complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis by using sequence-specific primers. cDNA was amplified using target-specific TaqMan MicroRNA Assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction data was normalized using both exogenous (cel-miR-39) and endogenous (hsa-miR-93) controls. We have found significantly altered expression of miR-155 and miR-21 in serum of JEV infected patients as compared to healthy controls, revealing their role as a a noninvasive biomarker in JE. A significant correlation between miRNAs and JE was observed that offers the basis for miRNAs to serve as a new component to develop possible therapeutic strategies for JE in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Baluni
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Ghildiyal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanzeem Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivbrat Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, ERA's Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan N Dhole
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Himanshu Reddy
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharamveer Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Varma-Doyle AV, Lukiw WJ, Zhao Y, Lovera J, Devier D. A hypothesis-generating scoping review of miRs identified in both multiple sclerosis and dementia, their protein targets, and miR signaling pathways. J Neurol Sci 2020; 420:117202. [PMID: 33183778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a frequent complication affecting people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The causes of CI in MS are not fully understood. Besides MRI measures, few other biomarkers exist to help us predict the development of CI and understand its biology. MicroRNAs (miRs) are relatively stable, non-coding RNA molecules about 22 nucleotides in length that can serve as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in several autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, including the dementias. In this review, we identify dysregulated miRs in MS that overlap with dysregulated miRs in cognitive disorders and dementia and explore how these overlapping miRs play a role in CI in MS. MiR-15, miR-21, miR-128, miR-132, miR-138, miR-142, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181, miR-572, and let-7 are known to contribute to various forms of dementia and show abnormal expression in MS. These overlapping miRs are involved in pathways related to apoptosis, neuroinflammation, glutamate toxicity, astrocyte activation, microglial burst activity, synaptic dysfunction, and remyelination. The mechanisms of action suggest that these miRs may be related to CI in MS. From our review, we also delineated miRs that could be neuroprotective in MS, namely miR-23a, miR-219, miR-214, and miR-22. Further studies can help clarify if these miRs are responsible for CI in MS, leading to potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vian Varma-Doyle
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Neuroscience Center, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Department of Ophthalmology, United States of America
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Neuroscience Center, United States of America
| | - Jesus Lovera
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America.
| | - Deidre Devier
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Orefice NS, Guillemot-Legris O, Capasso R, Bottemanne P, Hantraye P, Caraglia M, Orefice G, Alhouayek M, Muccioli GG. miRNA profile is altered in a modified EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis featuring cortical lesions. eLife 2020; 9:56916. [PMID: 32940597 PMCID: PMC7498263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical lesions represent a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and are proposed as a predictor of disease severity. microRNAs are suggested to be important players in the disease pathogenesis and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model. We implemented a mouse model recapitulating more closely the human pathology as it is characterized by both an autoimmune heterogeneity and the presence of cortical lesions, two parameters missing in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In our model, mice clustered in two groups displaying high or low clinical scores. Upon cortical cytokine injection, lesions appeared with a specific topography while cortical miRNA profiles were altered. These two features differed according to disease severity. We evidenced changes in miRNA regulators and targets suggesting that miRNA alteration had functional repercussions that could explain the differences in cortical lesions. This model represents a crucial tool for the study of both miRNA involvement and cortical lesion formation in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S Orefice
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institute of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine & Surgery - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pauline Bottemanne
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institute of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine & Surgery - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orefice
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kharati M, Foroutanparsa S, Rabiee M, Salarian R, Rabiee N, Rabiee G. Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Based on Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors: Comprehensive Perspective. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180829111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated response in which
body’s immune system destructs the protective sheath (myelin). Part of the known MS biomarkers are
discovered in cerebrospinal fluid like oligoclonal lgG (OCGB), and also in blood like myelin Oligodendrocyte
Glycoprotein (MOG). The conventional MS diagnostic methods often fail to detect the
disease in early stages such as Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS), which considered as a concerning
issue since CIS highlighted as a prognostic factor of MS development in most cases.
Methods:
MS diagnostic techniques include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal
cord, lumbar puncture (or spinal tap) that evaluate cerebrospinal fluid, evoked potential testing revealing
abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord. These conventional diagnostic methods have some
negative points such as extensive processing time as well as restriction in the quantity of samples that
can be analyzed concurrently. Scientists have focused on developing the detection methods especially
early detection which belongs to ultra-sensitive, non-invasive and needed for the Point of Care (POC)
diagnosis because the situation was complicated by false positive or negative results.
Results:
As a result, biosensors are utilized and investigated since they could be ultra-sensitive to specific
compounds, cost effective devices, body-friendly and easy to implement. In addition, it has been
proved that the biosensors on physiological fluids (blood, serum, urine, saliva, milk etc.) have quick
response in a non-invasive rout. In general form, a biosensor system for diagnosis and early detection
process usually involves; biomarker (target molecule), bio receptor (recognition element) and compatible
bio transducer.
Conclusion:
Studies underlined that early treatment of patients with high possibility of MS can be advantageous
by postponing further abnormalities on MRI and subsequent attacks.
:
This Review highlights variable disease diagnosis approaches such as Surface Plasmon Resonance
(SPR), electrochemical biosensors, Microarrays and microbeads based Microarrays, which are considered
as promising methods for detection and early detection of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kharati
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanam Foroutanparsa
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salarian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Maziar University, Noor, Royan, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Song Q, Zhao F, Yao J, Dai H, Hu L, Yu S. Protective effect of microRNA-134-3p on multiple sclerosis through inhibiting PRSS57 and promotion of CD34 + cell proliferation in rats. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4347-4363. [PMID: 32619071 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been extensively studied for their involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the involvement of miR-134-3p on MS. The MS rat model was established, and positive expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) was detected using the immunohistochemical method while the expression of miR-134-3p and serine protease 57 (PRSS57) was determined by means of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Second, the miR-134-3p overexpression or short hairpin RNA against PRSS57 was introduced into the CD34+ cells to investigate the levels of proliferation and apoptosis-related genes by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, analysis of the targeting relations of miR-134-3p and PRSS57 was conducted using online software and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, neuronal functions, inflammatory response, proliferation, and apoptosis of CD34+ cells were assayed by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. IL-17 and PRSS57 expression increased while miR-134-3p expression decreased in the spinal cord from MS rats. miR-134-3p could target PRSS57. miR-134-3p overexpression or PRSS57 silencing enhanced mitochondrial activity of neurons, mitochondrial membrane potential content, CD34+ cell proliferation, while decreasing Cyt C content, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis. Collectively, overexpression of miR-134-3p promotes CD34+ cell proliferation via inhibition of PRSS57 in MS, which may serve as a promising target for MS intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Song
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Jingfan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Dai
- Department of Neurology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Najafi N, Peymani M. A genetic variant of pri-miR-182 may impact the risk for the onset of multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23415. [PMID: 32212358 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system affecting young adults. SNPs can be used as genetic biomarkers to identify disease-related genes such as MS. Moreover, SNPs can be considered as important determinants for an increased risk of autoimmune diseases such as MS. Studies have shown that miR-182 is of importance in Treg cell development and function as critical regulators in autoimmune disease. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the association between rs4541843 polymorphism in pri-miR-182 and MS. In the present study, we assessed the frequency of rs4541843 different alleles and genotypes and their association with MS risk in Iranian population. METHODS The rs4541843 was genotyped in 81 patients with MS and 89 healthy subjects, using the PCR-RFLP method. The frequency of alleles and genotypes and the association of this polymorphism with MS risk and the gender of the patients was then statistically analyzed. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed the protective role of AA genotype against MS risk (P = .031, OR = 0.348) while there was no significance correlation between the frequency of rs4541843 different alleles and the other genotypes. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrated that the pri-miR-182 rs4541843 G>A polymorphism is associated with the risk of MS in Isfahan population. However, additional large-scale association studies in various ethnicities and more molecular studies are necessary to elaborate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Najafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohammed EM. Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573519894955. [PMID: 32009827 PMCID: PMC6971968 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients' quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review argues that small noncoding RNA named microRNA (miRNA) influences these factors' mode of action. Dysregulation in the miRNAs network may deeply impact cellular hemostasis, thereby possibly resulting in MS pathogenicity. This article represents a literature review and an author's theory of how environmental factors may induce dysregulations in the miRNAs network, which could ultimately affect MS pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Gonzalez-Billault C, Fuentes E, Palomo I, Alarcón M. Decoding the Role of Platelets and Related MicroRNAs in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:151. [PMID: 31312134 PMCID: PMC6614495 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cells that circulate in blood and are essential components of the hemostatic system. During aging, platelet numbers decrease and their aggregation capacity is reduced. Platelet dysfunctions associated with aging can be linked to molecular alterations affecting several cellular systems that include cytoskeleton rearrangements, signal transduction, vesicular trafficking, and protein degradation. Age platelets may adopt a phenotype characterized by robust secretion of extracellular vesicles that could in turn account for about 70-90% of blood circulating vesicles. Interestingly these extracellular vesicles are loaded with messenger RNAs and microRNAs that may have a profound impact on protein physiology at the systems level. Age platelet dysfunction is also associated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Thereby understanding the mechanisms of aging in platelets as well as their age-dependent dysfunctions may be of interest when evaluating the contribution of aging to the onset of age-dependent pathologies, such as those affecting the nervous system. In this review we summarize the findings that link platelet dysfunctions to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. We discuss the role of platelets as drivers of protein dysfunctions observed in these pathologies, their association with aging and the potential clinical significance of platelets, and related miRNAs, as peripheral biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine-LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation-CADI, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism GERO, Santiago, Chile
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Research Center for Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ivan Palomo
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Research Center for Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago, Chile
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Research Center for Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The miRNA Expression Profile of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Reveals Novel Potential Disease Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123990. [PMID: 30544973 PMCID: PMC6321564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease affecting over 2.3 million people worldwide, and it is characterized by inflammation and demyelination of nerve cells. The currently available biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of MS have inherent limitations, therefore, additional new biomarkers are needed. We studied the microRNA (miRNA) profile of splenocytes of mice having experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of human MS. A miRNA-microarray analysis revealed increased expression of nine miRNAs (let-7e, miR-23b, miR-31, miR-99b, miR-125a, miR-146b, miR-155, miR-193b, and miR-221) following EAE development. Interestingly, serum levels of miR-99b, miR-125a, and miR-146b were significantly higher in EAE mice compared to normal mice. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the experimentally validated as well as predicted gene targets of specific miRNAs that are important for disease progression in MS. Specifically, we observed inverse correlation in the levels of miR-99b versus LIF, and between miR-125a versus BDNF and LIF. Our results suggest that above-mentioned miRNAs may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS, and that miR-99b, miR-125a, and miR-146b in particular may serve as useful biomarkers for disease activity.
Collapse
|
22
|
Teimuri S, Hosseini A, Ghaedi K, Tanhaei S, Javadirad SM, Etemadifar M, Nasr Esfahani MH. Risk factor effect of rs1044165 and rs3745453 as neighboring variants of miR-223, miR-24, miR-23a and miR-27a on the onset of MS disease in Isfahan/Iran. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
23
|
Dysregulated Network of miRNAs Involved in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:280-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
24
|
Ebrahimkhani S, Vafaee F, Young PE, Hur SSJ, Hawke S, Devenney E, Beadnall H, Barnett MH, Suter CM, Buckland ME. Exosomal microRNA signatures in multiple sclerosis reflect disease status. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14293. [PMID: 29084979 PMCID: PMC5662562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There is currently no single definitive test for MS. Circulating exosomes represent promising candidate biomarkers for a host of human diseases. Exosomes contain RNA, DNA, and proteins, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and are secreted from almost all cell types including cells of the CNS. We hypothesized that serum exosomal miRNAs could present a useful blood-based assay for MS disease detection and monitoring. Exosome-associated microRNAs in serum samples from MS patients (n = 25) and matched healthy controls (n = 11) were profiled using small RNA next generation sequencing. We identified differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in both relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (miR-15b-5p, miR-451a, miR-30b-5p, miR-342-3p) and progressive MS patient sera (miR-127-3p, miR-370-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-432-5p) in relation to controls. Critically, we identified a group of nine miRNAs (miR-15b-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-374a-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-433-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-432-5p) that distinguished relapsing-remitting from progressive disease. Eight out of nine miRNAs were validated in an independent group (n = 11) of progressive MS cases. This is the first demonstration that microRNAs associated with circulating exosomes are informative biomarkers not only for the diagnosis of MS, but in predicting disease subtype with a high degree of accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul E Young
- Division of Molecular Structural and Computational Biology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzy S J Hur
- Division of Molecular Structural and Computational Biology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Hawke
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Devenney
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Heidi Beadnall
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael H Barnett
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine M Suter
- Division of Molecular Structural and Computational Biology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Evaluation of Selected MicroRNAs Expression in Remission Phase of Multiple Sclerosis and Their Potential Link to Cognition, Depression, and Disability. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:275-282. [PMID: 29043654 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data suggests that miRNAs might play a major role in neuroinflammatory processes. Therefore, our study aimed to first estimate the levels of miR-155, miR-326, and miR-301a in serum of RR-MS patients in the remission phase and then compare the levels of the examined miRNAs at different times after relapse. In this study, 36 RR-MS patients in the remission phase took part. We analyzed two subgroups of RR-MS: one, 1 to 2 months after completing steroid treatment during relapse (post-acute; n = 13) and the other, over 2 years without any relapse (stable; n = 23). Moreover, we made correlations between these biochemical results and clinical parameters of cognitive impairment, depression, and disability. The obtained results presented downregulation of miR-155 and miR-301a (in 94% and 51% samples, respectively) and overexpression of miR-326 (in 72% samples) in RR-MS patients. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between the relative expression of miRNAs and BDI (Beck Depression Index) for miR-326 (rho = 0.385459, p = 0.022210; Spearman's rank correlation) and miR-301a (rho = 0.435131, p = 0.008991; Spearman rank correlation). We also observed the differences in expression levels between the post-acute and stable phases of RR-MS. The expression levels of miR-301a and miR155 were higher in the post-acute vs. stable phase of remission (2.385 vs. 0.524 and 0.594 vs. 0.147; respectively). Our study, for the first time, presents miRNA expression differences in two stages of remission: post-acute and stable.
Collapse
|
26
|
Oner T, Arslan C, Yenmis G, Arapi B, Tel C, Aydemir B, Sultuybek GK. Association of NFKB1A and microRNAs variations and the susceptibility to atherosclerosis. J Genet 2017; 96:251-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
A Nanobiosensor Based on Fluorescent DNA-Hosted Silver Nanocluster and HCR Amplification for Detection of MicroRNA Involved in Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1679-1685. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
28
|
Kumar L, Shamsuzzama, Haque R, Baghel T, Nazir A. Circular RNAs: the Emerging Class of Non-coding RNAs and Their Potential Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7224-7234. [PMID: 27796758 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The exciting world of research with RNAs has to its credit some breakthrough findings that led to newer insights on multiple problems including that of human diseases. After the advent of siRNA, microRNA, and lncRNA, exciting novel molecules called circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently described. circRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs, which are produced by scrambling of exons at the time of splicing. They are primarily produced in the brain region and are naturally present inside the cell. The best known ones so far include a particular type of circRNA namely "circular RNA sponge for miR-7" (ciRS-7 and CDR1as) which is the inhibitor of miR-7 microRNA-known to regulate various diseases like, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Similarly, another circRNA molecule called circmbl modulates the ratio of linear mRNA by competing with linear muscleblind gene through which it is synthesized. Considering the complex association of these molecules with critical microRNAs and gene families, circRNAs might have important roles in the cause and progression of human diseases. In particular, the multi-factorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases does warrant studies employing novel approaches towards identifying underlying root causes of these ailments. The non-coding RNAs, like circRNAs and microRNAs, could well present a common genetic trigger to multiple factors associated with neurodegenerative diseases. A specific fingerprint of a combination of various marker circRNAs could be explored for early diagnostic purpose as well. Herein, we review the possibility of exploring the role of circRNAs in the context of the central nervous system (CNS) and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Shamsuzzama
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Tanvi Baghel
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fenoglio C, De Riz M, Pietroboni AM, Calvi A, Serpente M, Cioffi SM, Arcaro M, Oldoni E, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Effect of fingolimod treatment on circulating miR-15b, miR23a and miR-223 levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:81-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Aslani S, Jafari N, Javan MR, Karami J, Ahmadi M, Jafarnejad M. Epigenetic Modifications and Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:11-23. [PMID: 27382982 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in genetic studies, like whole human genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have richened our knowledge of etiopathology of autoimmune diseases (AID) through discovery of genetic patterns. Nonetheless, the precise etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown. The lack of complete concordance of autoimmune disease in identical twins suggests that non-genetic factors also play a major role in determining disease susceptibility. Although there is no certain definition, epigenetics has been known as heritable alterations in gene function without changes in the nucleotide sequence. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA-associated gene expression suppression are the central mechanisms for epigenetic regulations. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by both inflammatory and neurodegenerative features. Although studies on epigenetic alterations in MS only began in the past decade, a mounting number of surveys suggest that epigenetic changes may be involved in the initiation and development of MS, probably through bridging the effects of environmental risk factors to genetics. Arming with clear understanding of epigenetic dysregulations underpins development of epigenetic therapies. Identifying agents inhibiting the enzymes controlling epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases, will be promising therapeutic tool toward MS. In the article underway, it is aimed to go through the recent progresses, attempting to disclose how epigenetics associates with the pathogenesis of MS and how can be used as therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Jafari
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 741 South Limestone St. Biomedical Biological Research Building (BBSRB), 378D, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Jafarnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang Q, Xiao B, Ma X, Qu M, Li Y, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Zhou J. MicroRNAs associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 295-296:148-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
32
|
Lu D, Xu AD. Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System. Front Genet 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 27092176 PMCID: PMC4821851 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), produced in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. They are more stable than linear RNAs, and possess spatio-temporal properties. CircRNAs do not distribute equally in the neuronal compartments in the brain, but largely enriched in the synapses. These ncRNA species can be used as potential clinical biomarkers in complex disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), which is supported by recent findings. For example, ciRS-7 was found to be a natural microRNAs sponge for miRNA-7 and regulate Parkinson's disease/Alzheimer's disease-related genes; circPAIP2 is an intron-retaining circRNA which upregulates memory-related parental genes PAIP2 to affect memory development through PABP reactivation. The quantity of circRNAs carry important messages, either when they are inside the cells, or in circulation, or in exosomes released from synaptoneurosomes and endothelial. In addition, small molecules such as microRNAs and microvesicles can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and get into blood. For clinical applications, the study population needs to be phenotypically well-defined. CircRNAs may be combined with other biomarkers and imaging tools to improve the diagnostic power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - An-Ding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahlbrecht J, Martino F, Pul R, Skripuletz T, Sühs KW, Schauerte C, Yildiz Ö, Trebst C, Tasto L, Thum S, Pfanne A, Roesler R, Lauda F, Hecker M, Zettl UK, Tumani H, Thum T, Stangel M. Deregulation of microRNA-181c in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome is associated with early conversion to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2015; 22:1202-14. [PMID: 26493127 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515613641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiRNA-181c, miRNA-633 and miRNA-922 have been reported to be deregulated in multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between miRNA-181c, miRNA-633 and miRNA-922 and conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); and to compare microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum with regard to dysfunction of the blood-CSF barrier. METHODS CSF and serum miRNA-181c, miRNA-633 and miRNA-922 were retrospectively determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in CIS patients with (CIS-RRMS) and without (CIS-CIS) conversion to RRMS within 1 year. RESULTS Thirty of 58 CIS patients developed RRMS. Cerebrospinal fluid miRNA-922, serum miRNA-922 and cerebrospinal fluid miRNA-181c were significantly higher in CIS-RRMS compared to CIS-CIS (P=0.027, P=0.048, P=0.029, respectively). High levels of cerebrospinal fluid miRNA-181c were independently associated with conversion from CIS to RRMS in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 1.41-6.34, P=0.005). A combination of high cerebrospinal fluid miRNA-181c, younger age and more than nine lesions on magnetic resonance imaging showed the highest specificity (96%) and positive predictive value (94%) for conversion from CIS to RRMS. MiRNA-181c was higher in serum than in cerebrospinal fluid (P <0.001), while miRNA-633 and miRNA-922 were no different in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotients did not correlate with microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (all P>0.711). CONCLUSIONS Cerebrospinal fluid miRNA-181c might serve as a biomarker for early conversion to RRMS. Moreover, our data suggest an intrathecal origin of microRNAs detected in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Martino
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Refik Pul
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | - Celina Schauerte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Özlem Yildiz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Corinna Trebst
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Lars Tasto
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Sabrina Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Angelika Pfanne
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Romy Roesler
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Uwe K Zettl
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kacperska MJ, Jastrzebski K, Tomasik B, Walenczak J, Konarska-Krol M, Glabinski A. Selected extracellular microRNA as potential biomarkers of multiple sclerosis activity--preliminary study. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:154-63. [PMID: 25487315 PMCID: PMC4382531 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Four distinct disease courses are known, although approximately 90% of patients are diagnosed with the relapsing-remitting form (RRMS). The name "multiple sclerosis" pertains to the underlying pathology: the presence of demyelinating plaques in the CNS, in particular in the periventricular region, corpus callosum, cervical spine, and the cerebellum. There are ongoing efforts to discover biomarkers that would allow for an unequivocal diagnosis, assess the activity of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, or warn of disease progression. At present, small noncoding RNA particles-microRNA (miRNA, miR) seem to be particularly noteworthy, as they take part in posttranscriptional regulation of expression of various genes. Changes in composition as well as function of miRNA found in body fluids of MS patients are subjects of research, in the hope they prove accurate markers of MS activity. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the expression of selected extracellular microRNA particles (miRNA-let-7a, miRNA-92a, miRNA-684a) in patients experiencing MS relapse and remission, with healthy volunteers serving as a control group and to evaluate the correlation between miRNA expression and selected clinical parameters of those patients. Thirty-seven patients suffering from MS formed two examined groups: 20 patients undergoing relapse and 17 in remission. Thirty healthy volunteers formed the control group. All patients who were subjects to peripheral blood sampling had been hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and Stroke(1). Four milliliters of venous whole blood had been collected into EDTA tubes. The basis for the selection of the three particular miRNA investigated in this study (miRNA-let-7a, miRNA-92a, miRNA-684a) was a preliminary bioinformatic analysis of data compiled from several medical databases, including Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), miRWalk, and miRBase. The isolation of extracellular microRNA from plasma was carried out using miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) reagents. The reverse transcription was carried out with TaqMan® MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems), as per manufacturers' instructions. Standard microRNA TaqMan® tests (Applied Biosystems) were used for miRNA quantification. The qPCR were performed on a 7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) and analyzed using Sequence Detection System 2.3 software. In addition, all patients at the Department of Neurology and Stroke undergo a routine complete blood count with differential. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of selected microRNA (has-miR-let-7a, miR-92a, and miR-648a) in the plasma of patients with MS during a relapse as well as in remission and attempt to correlate the acquired data with clinically relevant parameters of the disease. Finding such correlations may potentially lead to the use of miRNA as a biomarker of MS, which could help diagnose the disease and assess its severity and the efficacy of treatment. The difference in the expression of has-miR-let-7a in the remission group and the control group was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Similarly, the expression of miRNA-648a in patients in remission was significantly different from the expression in the control group (p = 0.02). Analysis of the correlation between the expression of miRNA-92a and the severity of the disease as measured by the EDSS scale in patients undergoing relapse showed significant negative linear correlation (r = -0.54, p = 0.01). Higher miR-648a expression correlated with more frequent flare-ups in the joint group of patients in remission and relapse (p = 0.03). This study is one of the few that demonstrate significantly changed expression of selected extracellular miRNA in plasma of MS patients and correlate those findings with clinical parameters. These observations may suggest that some miRNA subsets may be potential biomarkers for MS activity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jafari N, Shaghaghi H, Mahmoodi D, Shirzad Z, Alibeiki F, Bohlooli S, Dogaheh HP. Overexpression of microRNA biogenesis machinery: Drosha, DGCR8 and Dicer in multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:200-3. [PMID: 25439752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the expression of the major components of microRNA biogenesis machinery including Drosha, Dicer and DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The expression levels of these components in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients were significantly up-regulated in comparison to healthy controls. DGCR8 was up-regulated 4.9 times in RRMS patients versus healthy controls, and Drosha was up-regulated 3.58 times. Additionally, the expression level of Dicer was 2.11 times higher in RRMS patients than the healthy controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that overexpression of Drosha, Dicer and DGCR8 may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Further investigation may introduce microRNA biogenesis machinery as MS markers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Shaghaghi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Davood Mahmoodi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zohreh Shirzad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alibeiki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahab Bohlooli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri Dogaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil 55136, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu X, He F, Pang R, Zhao D, Qiu W, Shan K, Zhang J, Lu Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-induced microRNA 873 (miR-873) contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting A20 ubiquitin-editing enzyme. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28971-86. [PMID: 25183005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17), produced mainly by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator in various autoimmune diseases, including human multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although several microRNAs (miRNAs) with aberrant expression have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of abnormal miRNA expression in astrocytes upon IL-17 stimulation remain unclear. In the present study, we detected the changes of miRNA expression profiles both in the brain tissue of EAE mice and in cultured mouse primary astrocytes stimulated with IL-17 and identified miR-873 as one of the co-up-regulated miRNAs in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of miR-873, demonstrated by targeting A20 (TNFα-induced protein 3, TNFAIP3), remarkably reduced the A20 level and promoted NF-κB activation in vivo and in vitro as well as increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (i.e. IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-2, and MCP-1/5). More importantly, silencing the endogenous miR-873 or A20 gene with lentiviral vector of miR-873 sponge (LV-miR-873 sponge) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of A20 (LV-A20 shRNA) in vivo significantly lessened or aggravated inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of EAE mice, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-873 induced by IL-17 stimulation promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and aggravates the pathological process of EAE mice through the A20/NF-κB pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanism of inflammatory damage in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fengxia He
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rongrong Pang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kai Shan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Li
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fenoglio C, Ridolfi E, Cantoni C, De Riz M, Bonsi R, Serpente M, Villa C, Pietroboni AM, Naismith RT, Alvarez E, Parks BJ, Bresolin N, Cross AH, Piccio LM, Galimberti D, Scarpini E. Decreased circulating miRNA levels in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014; 19:1938-42. [PMID: 24277735 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513485654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence underlines the importance of micro(mi)RNAs in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Free-circulating miRNAs were investigated in serum from MS patients compared to controls. Statistically significant decreased levels of miR-15b, miR-23a and miR-223 were observed in MS patients (p < 0.05). Results were validated and replicated in two further independent MS populations. A direct correlation between miRNA levels and the EDSS score was determined in PPMS (p < 0.007). The generalized trend toward miRNA down-regulation could result in over-expression of target genes involved in disease pathogenesis. Circulating miRNA profiling could thus represent a new avenue to identify easily detectable disease biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Unraveling natalizumab effects on deregulated miR-17 expression in CD4+ T cells of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:897249. [PMID: 24901013 PMCID: PMC4036714 DOI: 10.1155/2014/897249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Accumulating evidence supports their involvement in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we compare miR-17 expressions in CD4+ T cells from relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients treated with natalizumab versus untreated patients. miR-17 was downregulated under natalizumab treatment and upregulated during relapse, therefore supporting a possible role of miR-17 in MS immunopathogenesis. Downregulation of miR-17 was associated with upregulation of PTEN, BIM, E2F1, and p21 target genes. In vitro miR-17 inhibition was associated with upregulation of the same targets and resulted in impaired CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation. We further describe deregulated TGFBR2 expression in untreated patients versus healthy volunteers (HVs) and confirm in vitro the link between miR-17 and TGFBR2 expressions. These findings support an effect of natalizumab on expression of specific miRNA and subsequent expression of genes involved in proliferation and control of the cell cycle.
Collapse
|
39
|
Moldovan L, Batte KE, Trgovcich J, Wisler J, Marsh CB, Piper M. Methodological challenges in utilizing miRNAs as circulating biomarkers. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:371-90. [PMID: 24533657 PMCID: PMC3943687 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The discovery of their presence not only in tissues but also in extratissular fluids, including blood, urine and cerebro-spinal fluid, together with their changes in expression in various pathological conditions, has implicated these extracellular miRNAs as informative biomarkers of disease. However, exploiting miRNAs in this capacity requires methodological rigour. Here, we report several key procedural aspects of miRNA isolation from plasma and serum, as exemplified by research in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. We also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various profiling methods to determine the expression levels of plasma- and serum-derived miRNAs. Attention to such methodological details is critical, as circulating miRNAs become diagnostic tools for various human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leni Moldovan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fenoglio C. Genetics and Epigenetics: Basic Concepts. NEURODEGENER DIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6380-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
41
|
Shapshak P. Molecule of the month: miRNA and Multiple Sclerosis. Bioinformation 2013; 9:847-8. [PMID: 24250109 PMCID: PMC3819568 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Divsion of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, USF Morsani School of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa Gen Circle, Room G318, Tampa FL 33606
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
van den Elsen PJ, van Eggermond MCJA, Puentes F, van der Valk P, Baker D, Amor S. The epigenetics of multiple sclerosis and other related disorders. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2013; 3:163-75. [PMID: 25878004 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) gray and white matter. Although the cause of MS is unknown, it is widely appreciated that innate and adaptive immune processes contribute to its pathogenesis. These include microglia/macrophage activation, pro-inflammatory T-cell (Th1) responses and humoral responses. Additionally, there is evidence indicating that MS has a neurodegenerative component since neuronal and axonal loss occurs even in the absence of overt inflammation. These aspects also form the rationale for clinical management of the disease. However, the currently available therapies to control the disease are only partially effective at best indicating that more effective therapeutic solutions are urgently needed. It is appreciated that in the immune-driven and neurodegenerative processes MS-specific deregulation of gene expressions and resulting protein dysfunction are thought to play a central role. These deviations in gene expression patterns contribute to the inflammatory response in the CNS, and to neuronal or axonal loss. Epigenetic mechanisms control transcription of most, if not all genes, in nucleated cells including cells of the CNS and in haematopoietic cells. MS-specific alterations in epigenetic regulation of gene expression may therefore lie at the heart of the deregulation of gene expression in MS. As such, epigenetic mechanisms most likely play an important role in disease pathogenesis. In this review we discuss a role for MS-specific deregulation of epigenetic features that control gene expression in the CNS and in the periphery. Furthermore, we discuss the application of small molecule inhibitors that target the epigenetic machinery to ameliorate disease in experimental animal models, indicating that such approaches may be applicable to MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marja C J A van Eggermond
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiola Puentes
- Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QJ;Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Baker
- Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QJ;Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QJ;Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zare-Shahabadi A, Renaudineau Y, Rezaei N. MicroRNAs and multiple sclerosis: from physiopathology toward therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1497-507. [PMID: 24053428 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.838219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging group of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for translational repression or degradation. They have roles in multiple facets of immunity, from regulation of cell development to activation and function in immune responses. Recent evidence underlines an involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases as well as multiple sclerosis (MS). AREAS COVERED In this review, the current knowledge of miRNA biogenesis, diverse roles of miRNAs in different cells that could be involved in the process of the disease, and their potential therapeutic applications are summarized. The authors searched MEDLINE and Science direct databases. EXPERT OPINION The miRNAs in central nervous system lesions and peripheral blood are potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use. Also, miRNA mimics, small-molecule inhibitors of specific miRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides could be therapeutic weapons that facilitate us to combat the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology , Tehran , Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leidinger P, Backes C, Deutscher S, Schmitt K, Mueller SC, Frese K, Haas J, Ruprecht K, Paul F, Stähler C, Lang CJG, Meder B, Bartfai T, Meese E, Keller A. A blood based 12-miRNA signature of Alzheimer disease patients. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R78. [PMID: 23895045 PMCID: PMC4053778 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia but the identification of reliable, early and non-invasive biomarkers remains a major challenge. We present a novel miRNA-based signature for detecting AD from blood samples. Results We apply next-generation sequencing to miRNAs from blood samples of 48 AD patients and 22 unaffected controls, yielding a total of 140 unique mature miRNAs with significantly changed expression levels. Of these, 82 have higher and 58 have lower abundance in AD patient samples. We selected a panel of 12 miRNAs for an RT-qPCR analysis on a larger cohort of 202 samples, comprising not only AD patients and healthy controls but also patients with other CNS illnesses. These included mild cognitive impairment, which is assumed to represent a transitional period before the development of AD, as well as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. miRNA target enrichment analysis of the selected 12 miRNAs indicates an involvement of miRNAs in nervous system development, neuron projection, neuron projection development and neuron projection morphogenesis. Using this 12-miRNA signature, we differentiate between AD and controls with an accuracy of 93%, a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 92%. The differentiation of AD from other neurological diseases is possible with accuracies between 74% and 78%. The differentiation of the other CNS disorders from controls yields even higher accuracies. Conclusions The data indicate that deregulated miRNAs in blood might be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD or other neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
45
|
Jernås M, Malmeström C, Axelsson M, Nookaew I, Wadenvik H, Lycke J, Olsson B. MicroRNA regulate immune pathways in T-cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). BMC Immunol 2013; 14:32. [PMID: 23895517 PMCID: PMC3734042 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA are small noncoding RNA molecules that are involved in the control of gene expression. To investigate the role of microRNA in multiple sclerosis (MS), we performed genome-wide expression analyses of mRNA and microRNA in T-cells from MS patients and controls. Methods Heparin-anticoagulated peripheral blood was collected from MS-patients and healthy controls followed by isolation of T-cells. MicroRNA and RNA from T-cells was prepared and hybridized to Affymetrix miR 2.0 array and Affymetrix U133Plus 2.0 Human Genome array (Santa Clara, CA), respectively. Verifications were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We identified 2,452 differentially expressed genes and 21 differentially expressed microRNA between MS patients and controls. By Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 20 of 21 differentially expressed microRNA were shown to affect the expression of their target genes, many of which were involved in the immune system. Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) was a microRNA target gene significantly decreased in MS. The differential expression of mir-494, mir-197 and the predicted microRNA target gene TNFSF14 was verified by real-time PCR and ELISA. Conclusion These findings indicate that microRNA may be important regulatory molecules in T-cells in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Jernås
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vogel B, Keller A, Frese KS, Leidinger P, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Kloos W, Backe C, Thanaraj A, Brefort T, Beier M, Hardt S, Meese E, Katus HA, Meder B. Multivariate miRNA signatures as biomarkers for non-ischaemic systolic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:2812-22. [PMID: 23864135 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Non-ischaemic heart failure is one of the today's most prevalent cardiovascular disorders. Since modern pharmacotherapy has proved to be very effective in delaying disease progression and preventing death, imaging modalities and molecular biomarkers play an important role in early identification and clinical management as well as risk assessment of patients. The present study evaluated for the first time whole peripheral blood miRNAs as novel biomarker candidates for non-ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF). METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed genome-wide miRNA expression profiles in 53 HF-REF patients and 39 controls. We could identify and validate several miRNAs that show altered expression levels in non-ischaemic HF-REF, discriminating cases from controls both as single markers or when combined in a multivariate signature. In addition, we demonstrate that the miRNAs of this signature significantly correlate with disease severity as indicated by left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION Our data further denote that miRNAs are potential biomarkers for systolic heart failure. Since their detection levels in whole blood are also related to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, they may serve as objective molecular tools to assess disease severity and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Vogel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Multiple sclerosis: from molecules to treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7598-602. [PMID: 23612323 PMCID: PMC3645705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of multiple sclerosis has been radically transformed over the past 20 years and this special issue of IJMS, focusing on the molecular aspects of the disease, highlights the growing conformity of the various investigative approaches. It is a very exciting time to be involved in the research of this disease.
Collapse
|
48
|
Expression and Genetic Analysis of MicroRNAs Involved in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4375-84. [PMID: 23439547 PMCID: PMC3634436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence underlines the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the fact that miRNAs are present in human biological fluids, we previously showed that miR-223, miR-23a and miR-15b levels were downregulated in the sera of MS patients versus controls. Here, the expression levels of these candidate miRNAs were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the serum of MS patients, in addition to three genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Mapping in the genomic regions of miR-223, miR-23a and miR-15b genes, 399 cases and 420 controls were tested. Expression levels of miR-223 and miR-23a were altered in PBMCs from MS patients versus controls. Conversely, there were no differences in the expression levels of miR-15b. A significantly decreased genotypic frequency of miR-223 rs1044165 T/T genotype was observed in MS patients. Moreover, the allelic frequency of miR-23a rs3745453 C allele was significantly increased in patients versus controls. In contrast, there were no differences in the distribution of miR-15b SNP. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-223 and miR-23a could play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Moreover, miR-223 rs1044165 polymorphism likely acts as a protective factor, while miR-23a rs3745453 variant seems to act as a risk factor for MS.
Collapse
|