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Specificity, Safety, Efficacy of EGFRvIII-Retargeted Oncolytic HSV for Xenotransplanted Human Glioblastoma. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091677. [PMID: 34578259 PMCID: PMC8473268 DOI: 10.3390/v13091677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal primary brain tumor lacking effective therapy. The secluded onset site, combined with the infiltrative properties of this tumor, require novel targeted therapies. In this scenario, the use of oncolytic viruses retargeted to glioblastoma cells and able to spread across the tumor cells represent an intriguing treatment strategy. Here, we tested the specificity, safety and efficacy of R-613, the first oncolytic HSV fully retargeted to EGFRvIII, a variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor carrying a mutation typically found in glioblastoma. An early treatment with R-613 on orthotopically transplanted EGFRvIII-expressing human glioblastoma significantly increased the median survival time of mice. In this setting, the growth of human glioblastoma xenotransplants was monitored by a secreted luciferase reporter and showed that R-613 is able to substantially delay the development of the tumor masses. When administered as late treatment to a well-established glioblastomas, R-613 appeared to be less effective. Notably the uninfected tumor cells derived from the explanted tumor masses were still susceptible to R-613 infection ex vivo, thus suggesting that multiple treatments could enhance R-613 therapeutic efficacy, making R-613 a promising oncolytic HSV candidate for glioblastoma treatment.
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Huang H, Yu X, Han X, Hao J, Zhao J, Bebek G, Bao S, Prayson RA, Khalil AM, Jankowsky E, Yu JS. Piwil1 Regulates Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance and Glioblastoma Progression. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108522. [PMID: 33406417 PMCID: PMC7837390 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi proteins are a subfamily of Argonaute proteins that maintain germ cells in eukaryotes. However, the role of their human homologs in cancer stem cells, and more broadly in cancer, is poorly understood. Here, we report that Piwi-like family members are overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), with Piwil1 (Hiwi) most frequently overexpressed (88%). Piwil1 is enriched in glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) to maintain self-renewal. Silencing Piwil1 in GSCs leads to global changes in gene expression resulting in cell-cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. Piwil1 knockdown increases expression of the transcriptional co-regulator BTG2 and the E3-ubiquitin ligase FBXW7, leading to reduced c-Myc expression, as well as loss of expression of stem cell factors Olig2 and Nestin. Piwil1 regulates mRNA stability of BTG2, FBXW7, and CDKN1B. In animal models of GBM, Piwil1 knockdown suppresses tumor growth and promotes mouse survival. These findings support a role of Piwil1 in GSC maintenance and glioblastoma progression. Huang et al. find that Piwil1 protein is overexpressed in glioblastoma and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Piwil1 maintains GSC self-renewal and survival by regulating gene expression. Targeting Piwil1 extends survival in mouse models of glioblastoma. Piwil1 represents a therapeutic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiangzi Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 921, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wood Bldg. 137, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Cdh4 Down-Regulation Impairs in Vivo Infiltration and Malignancy in Patients Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164028. [PMID: 31426573 PMCID: PMC6718984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high invasive phenotype of glioblastoma is one of the main causes of therapy inefficacy and tumor relapse. Cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin family are involved in cell migration and are known as master regulators of epithelial tumor invasiveness, but their role in glioblastoma is less understood. In particular, we recently demonstrated, in the syngeneic murine model, the occurrence of a previously undescribed cadherin switch between Cdh2 and Cdh4 during gliomagenesis, which is necessary for the acquisition of the highly infiltrative and tumorigenic phenotype of these cells. In the present study, we tested the role of Cdh4 in human gliomas. Our results on patient-derived glioma cells demonstrate a positive correlation between Cdh4 expression levels and the loss of cell-cell contact inhibition of proliferation controls that allows cells to proliferate over confluence. Moreover, the silencing of Cdh4 by artificial microRNAs induced a decrease in the infiltrative ability of human glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. More strikingly, Cdh4 silencing induced an impairment of the tumorigenic potential of these cells after orthotopic transplantation in immunodeficient mice. Overall, we conclude that in human glioblastoma, Cdh4 can also actively contribute in regulating cell invasiveness and malignancy.
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Micheli L, Ceccarelli M, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tirone F. Control of the Normal and Pathological Development of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by the PC3/Tis21/Btg2 and Btg1 Genes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2881-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
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Li WQ, Yu HY, Zhong NZ, Hou LJ, Li YM, He J, Liu HM, Xia CY, Lu YC. miR‑27a suppresses the clonogenic growth and migration of human glioblastoma multiforme cells by targeting BTG2. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1601-8. [PMID: 25626081 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-27a and BTG2 are implicated in gliomagenesis and glioma progression. However, hitherto, a link between miR-27a and BTG2 in glioma has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-27a on the proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model and further studied the relation between miR‑27a expression and its target gene BTG2, which was identified by computation prediction algorithms. Our MTT and clonogenic assays showed that miR-27a overexpression significantly increased the clonogenic growth of glioblastoma U87MG and U251MG cells. The Transwell assays further revealed that miR-27a overexpression markedly increased the number of migrated U87MG and U251MG cells. TargetScan and other prediction algorithms identified BTG2 as a target gene of miR-27a, which was confirmed by EGFP reporter and immunoblotting assays showing an inverse relation between miR-27a expression and endogenous BTG2 expression. BTG2 overexpression also increased the proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells and BTG2 functioned downstream of miR-27a in modulating the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, miR-27a modulates human glioblastoma growth and invasion by targeting BTG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Zhe Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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