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Karaaslan H, Walker AR, Gil-Bona A, Depalle B, Bidlack FB. Posteruptive Loss of Enamel Proteins Concurs with Gain in Enamel Hardness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595034. [PMID: 38979313 PMCID: PMC11230172 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tooth enamel maturation requires the removal of proteins from the mineralizing enamel matrix to allow for crystallite growth until full hardness is reached to meet the mechanical needs of mastication. While this process takes up to several years in humans before the tooth erupts, it is greatly accelerated in in the faster developing pig. As a result, pig teeth erupt with softer, protein-rich enamel that is similar to hypomineralized human enamel but continues to harden quickly after eruption.Proteins, such as albumin, that bind to enamel crystals and prevent crystal growth and enamel hardening have been suggested as cause for hypomineralized human enamel that does not naturally harden after eruption. However, albumin is abundant in pig enamel. It is unclear whether fast posteruptive enamel hardening in pigs occurs despite the high protein content or requires a facilitated protein loss to allow for crystal growth. This study asked how the protein content in porcine enamel changes after eruption in relation to saliva. Based on previous data demonstrating the high albumin content in erupted porcine enamel, we hypothesize that following pre-eruptive maturation, enamel and saliva derived enzymes facilitate protein removal from porcine enamel after eruption. We analyzed enamel and the saliva proteome at three critical timepoints: at the time of tooth eruption, 2 weeks after eruption, and enamel 6 weeks after eruption. We used only fourth deciduous premolars and saliva samples from animals sacrificed at the respective time points to determine the organic content in tooth enamel, saliva, and saliva proteins within enamel. We found a decrease in the number of proteins and their abundancy in enamel with posteruptive time, including a decrease in serum albumin within enamel. The rapid decrease in the first two weeks is in line with previously reported rapid increase in mineral density of porcine enamel after eruption. In addition to the enamel proteases KLK-4 and MMP-20, we identified serine-, cysteine-, aspartic-, and metalloproteases. Some of these were only identified in enamel, while almost half of the enzymes are in common with saliva at all timepoints. Our findings suggest that the fast posteruptive enamel maturation in the porcine model coincides with saliva exchange and influx of saliva enzymes into porous enamel.
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Araujo TT, Dionizio A, Carvalho TS, Boas Feitosa CMV, Vertuan M, Câmara JVF, Henrique-Silva F, Marchetto R, Chiaratti MR, Santos AC, Alves LO, Ferro M, Buzalaf MAR. Acquired enamel pellicle and biofilm engineering with a combination of acid-resistant proteins (CaneCPI-5, StN15, and Hemoglobin) for enhanced protection against dental caries - in vivo and in vitro investigations. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:261. [PMID: 38642171 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed in two-legs. In the in vivo, we explored the potential of a rinse solution containing a combination (Comb) of 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (sugarcane-derive cystatin), 1.88 × 10- 5M StN15 (statherin-derived peptide) and 1.0 mg/mL hemoglobin (Hb) to change the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle(AEP) and the microbiome of the enamel biofilm. The in vitro, was designed to reveal the effects of Comb on the viability and bacterial composition of the microcosm biofilm, as well as on enamel demineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo study, 10 participants rinsed (10mL,1 min) with either deionized water (H2O-control) or Comb. AEP and biofilm were collected after 2 and 3 h, respectively, after rinsing. AEP samples underwent proteomics analysis, while biofilm microbiome was assessed via 16 S-rRNA Next Generation Sequencing(NGS). In vitro study, a microcosm biofilm protocol was employed. Ninety-six enamel specimens were treated with: 1)Phosphate-Buffered Solution-PBS(negative-control), 2)0.12%Chlorhexidine, 3)500ppmNaF and 4)Comb. Resazurin, colony-forming-units(CFU) and Transversal Microradiography(TMR) were performed. RESULTS The proteomic results revealed higher quantity of proteins in the Comb compared to control associated with immune system response and oral microbial adhesion. Microbiome showed a significant increase in bacteria linked to a healthy microbiota, in the Comb group. In the in vitro study, Comb group was only efficient in reducing mineral-loss and lesion-depth compared to the PBS. CONCLUSIONS The AEP modification altered the subsequent layers, affecting the initial process of bacterial adhesion of pathogenic and commensal bacteria, as well as enamel demineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Comb group shows promise in shaping oral health by potentially introducing innovative approaches to prevent enamel demineralization and deter tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Souza Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Chelsea Maria Vilas Boas Feitosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - João Victor Frazão Câmara
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Angélica Camargo Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lindomar Oliveira Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Milene Ferro
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Paulista State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13500230, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil.
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Reis FN, Câmara JVF, Dionizio A, Araujo TT, Gomes da Silva ND, Levy FM, Ximenes VF, Buzalaf MAR. Increase in plasma resveratrol levels and in acid-resistant proteins in the acquired enamel pellicle after use of resveratrol-containing orodispersible tablets. J Dent 2024; 143:104876. [PMID: 38367826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of administration of trans-resveratrol-containing orodispersible tablets on the protein composition of the AEP and on blood plasma trans-resveratrol concentrations. METHODS Ten volunteers participated in two crossover double-blind phases. In each phase, after dental prophylaxis, they received a trans-resveratrol (15 mg) orodispersible tablet, or a placebo tablet (without actives). The AEP formed after 120 min was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3 % citric acid. Blood samples were collected 30, 45, 60 and 120 min after the use of the tablet. After protein extraction, AEP samples were analyzed by shotgun labelfree quantitative proteomics and plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Eight hundred and two proteins were identified in the AEP. Among them, 336 and 213 were unique to the trans-resveratrol and control groups, respectively, while 253 were common to both groups. Proteins with important functions in the AEP had increased expression in the trans-resveratroltreated group, such as neutrophil defensins, S100 protein isoforms, lysozyme C, cystatin-D, mucin-7, alphaamylase, albumin, haptoglobin and statherin. Trans-resveratrol was detected in the plasma at all the times evaluated, with the peak at 30 min. CONCLUSIONS The administration of trans-resveratrol in sublingual orodispersible tablets was effective both to increase the bioavailability of the polyphenol and the expression of antibacterial and acid-resistant proteins in the AEP, which might benefit oral and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Navas Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - João Victor Frazão Câmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Mauad Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Enax J, Ganss B, Amaechi BT, Schulze zur Wiesche E, Meyer F. The composition of the dental pellicle: an updated literature review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1260442. [PMID: 37899941 PMCID: PMC10600522 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1260442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dental pellicle is a thin layer of up to several hundred nm in thickness, covering the tooth surface. It is known to protect the teeth from acid attacks through its selective permeability and it is involved in the remineralization process of the teeth. It functions also as binding site and source of nutrients for bacteria and conditioning biofilm (foundation) for dental plaque formation. Methods For this updated literature review, the PubMed database was searched for the dental pellicle and its composition. Results The dental pellicle has been analyzed in the past years with various state-of-the art analytic techniques such as high-resolution microscopic techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy), spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, affinity chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and blotting-techniques (e.g., western blot). It consists of several different amino acids, proteins, and proteolytic protein fragments. Some studies also investigated other compounds of the pellicle, mainly fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Conclusions The dental pellicle is composed mainly of different proteins, but also fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Analysis with state-of-the-art analytical techniques have uncovered mainly acidic proline-rich proteins, amylase, cystatin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and mucins as main proteins of the dental pellicle. The pellicle has protective properties for the teeth. Further research is necessary to gain more knowledge about the role of the pellicle in the tooth remineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Enax
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Frederic Meyer
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
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Martínez-Hernández M, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Hannig M, Almaguer-Flores A. Salivary pellicle modulates biofilm formation on titanium surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6135-6145. [PMID: 37646908 PMCID: PMC10560156 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the salivary pellicle (SP) formed on titanium (Ti) surfaces to modulate the formation of a biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ti substrates were incubated for 2 h with a pool of saliva samples obtained from 10 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Enamel substrates were included as a biological reference. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis were used to analyze the formation of the salivary pellicle. After the SP formation, the surfaces were incubated for 12 h with a mix of Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The number of bacterial cells attached to each surface was determined by the XTT assay while bacterial viability was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy using the LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM kit. RESULTS The SEM and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of a salivary pellicle formed on the tested surfaces. Regarding the biofilm formation, the presence of the SP decreases the number of the bacterial cells detected in the test surfaces, compared with the uncover substrates. Even more, the SP-covered substrates showed similar bacterial counts in both Ti and enamel surfaces, meaning that the physicochemical differences of the substrates were less determinant than the presence of the SP. While on the SP-uncover substrates, differences in the bacterial adhesion patterns were directly related to the physicochemical nature of the substrates. CONCLUSIONS The salivary pellicle was the main modulator in the development of the biofilm consisting of representative oral bacteria on the Ti substrates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study provide valuable information on the modulatory effect of the salivary pellicle on biofilm formation; such information allows us to understand better the events involved in the formation of oral biofilms on Ti dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biointerfases, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Reyes-Grajeda
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Argelia Almaguer-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biointerfases, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Oliveira BP, Buzalaf MAR, Silva NC, Ventura TMO, Toniolo J, Rodrigues JA. Proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle of children with early childhood caries and caries-free children. Eur J Oral Sci 2023:e12944. [PMID: 37414726 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquired enamel pellicle plays an important role in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries (ECC), working as a protective interface between the tooth and the oral cavity. The aim of this cross-sectional in vivo proteomic study was to compare the acquired enamel pellicle protein profile of 3-5-year-old children with ECC (n = 10) and caries-free children (n = 10). Acquired enamel pellicle samples were collected and processed for proteomic analysis (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). In total, 241 proteins were identified. Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 and 2, Cystatin-B, and SA were found only in the caries free group. When comparing caries free and ECC groups, lower protein levels were found in the caries free group for hemoglobin subunit beta, delta, epsilon, gamma-2, globin domain-containing protein and gamma-1, neutrophil defensin 3, serum albumin, protein S100-A8, and S100-A9. The proteins histatin-1, statherin, salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein ½, proline-rich protein 4, submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, alpha-amylase 1 and 2B were found at higher levels in the caries free group. The exclusive and the proteins found at higher levels in the caries free group might have protective functions that play a role in the prevention of caries, besides providing important insights to be evaluated in future studies for the possible development of new therapeutic strategies for ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethania Paludo Oliveira
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Caldeira Silva
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Toniolo
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jonas Almeida Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Dentistry. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020286. [PMID: 36830822 PMCID: PMC9953492 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is one of the fastest-developing methods in analytical instrumentation. As a highly sensitive, universal detector, it can identify known and unknown compounds, which can indeed be found in a minimal concentration. This review aims to highlight the significant milestones in MS applications in dentistry during recent decades. MS can be applied in three different fields of dentistry: (1) in research of dental materials and chemical agents, (2) in laboratory analysis of biospecimens, and (3) as a real-time diagnostic tool in service of oral surgery and pathology. MS applications on materials and agents may focus on numerous aspects, such as their clinical behavior, possible toxicity, or antimicrobial properties. MS is also a valuable, non-invasive tool for biomarkers' detection in saliva and has found great application in -omics technologies as it achieves efficient structure-finding in metabolites. As metabolites are located beyond the central dogma, this technique can provide a complete understanding of cellular functions. Thus, it is possible to determine the biological profile in normal and pathological conditions, detect various oral or systematic diseases and conditions, and predict their course. Lastly, some promising advances concerning the surgical approach to potentially oral malignant or malignant disorders exist. This breakthrough method provides a comprehensive approach to dental materials research and biomarker discovery in dental and craniofacial tissues. The current availability of various 'OMIC' approaches paves the way for individualized dentistry and provides suggestions for clinical applications in the point-of-care hubs.
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Moussa DG, Ahmad P, Mansour TA, Siqueira WL. Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887907. [PMID: 35782115 PMCID: PMC9247192 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant healthcare advances in the 21st century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been reached that dental caries is a community-scale metabolic disorder, and its etiology is beyond a single causative organism. This conclusion was based on a variety of microbiome studies following the flow of information along the central dogma of biology from genomic data to the end products of metabolism. These studies were facilitated by the unprecedented growth of the next- generation sequencing tools and omics techniques, such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, to estimate the community composition of oral microbiome and its functional potential. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving proteomics and metabolomics platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography, have enabled precise quantification of the translational outcomes. Although the majority supports ‘conserved functional changes’ as indicators of dysbiosis, it remains unclear how caries dynamics impact the microbiota functions and vice versa, over the course of disease onset and progression. What compounds the situation is the host-microbiota crosstalk. Genome-wide association studies have been undertaken to elucidate the interaction of host genetic variation with the microbiome. However, these studies are challenged by the complex interaction of host genetics and environmental factors. All these complementary approaches need to be orchestrated to capture the key players in this multifactorial disease. Herein, we critically review the milestones in caries research focusing on the state-of-art singular and integrative omics studies, supplemented with a bibliographic network analysis to address the oral microbiome, the host factors, and their interactions. Additionally, we highlight gaps in the dental literature and shed light on critical future research questions and study designs that could unravel the complexities of dental caries, the most globally widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina G. Moussa
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tamer A. Mansour
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walter L. Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Walter L. Siqueira,
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Reich M, Hannig C, Hannig M, Kümmerer K, Kensche A. The Lipid Composition of the in situ pellicle. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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M Grant M, Pasha S, Inui T, Chapple I, Harris S, Holcombe L. A Mass Spectrometric Approach to the Proteomic Profiling of the Canis lupus familiaris Acquired Enamel Pellicle on Hydroxyapatite Discs. J Vet Dent 2022; 39:241-249. [PMID: 35549755 PMCID: PMC9388946 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221097188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a multi-protein film attached to the
surface of teeth, which functions to lubricate the dental surface, form an
anti-erosive barrier and exhibits antimicrobial properties. The initiation of
AEP formation occurs within seconds of exposure to saliva, a biofluid rich in
protein species. While there have been many publications on the formation of
human AEP there is little research on the composition of canine AEP during its
acquisition. The aim of these studies was to explore the composition of canine
AEP formation, utilising hydroxyapatite (HA) discs as a tooth substitute matrix,
over time. Qualitative and quantitative proteomics techniques using tandem mass
tag labelled peptides and LC-MS/MS were used to follow the formation of canine
AEP on hydroxyapatite discs over the course of an hour. Proteins adsorbed to the
HA surface included highly abundant proteins in canine saliva, antimicrobial
proteins, protease inhibitors and the buffering agent carbonic anhydrase.
Greater understanding of the canine AEP deepens fundamental knowledge of the
early processes driving bacterial colonisation of the tooth surface and
subsequent plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Grant
- School of Dentistry, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sabah Pasha
- School of Dentistry, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Taichi Inui
- 41854WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, UK
| | - Iain Chapple
- School of Dentistry, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve Harris
- 41854WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, UK
| | - Lucy Holcombe
- 41854WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, UK
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Differences in susceptibility of deciduous and permanent teeth to erosion exist, albeit depending on protocol design and method of assessment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4153. [PMID: 35264778 PMCID: PMC8907165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversial results showing that deciduous teeth are more susceptible to erosion than permanent teeth might be related to study designs. We investigated how different conditions (pH: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0; acid agitation: gentle or vigorous; acid exposure times: 1–5 min) affect the susceptibility of both teeth to erosion. Enamel specimens (90 deciduous, 90 permanent) were distributed into groups (n = 15 permanent, n = 15 deciduous) according to acid pH (pH 5, 4 or 3) and agitation (gentle or vigorous) during erosive challenge. Both milder (less incubation time, gentle agitation, and higher pH) and more severe (longer incubation times, vigorous shaking, and lower pH) conditions were used. Demineralization was measured by relative surface microhardness (rSMH) and calcium released to the acid. Demineralization increased gradually for both teeth with increasing incubation time, agitation (gentle or vigorous), and with decreasing acid pH. The differences between deciduous and permanent teeth depended on the protocol design and assessment method. Under milder conditions, demineralization was better detectable with rSMH. Under more severe conditions, differences were more perceptible with calcium analyses. Differences exist in the susceptibility to erosion between deciduous and permanent teeth, but they are only distinguishable when the appropriate assessment method is used for the specific erosive condition.
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Araújo TT, Carvalho TS, Dionizio A, Debortolli ALB, Ventura TMO, Souza BM, Feitosa CMVB, Barbosa HAP, Ribeiro CFDS, Martini T, Taira E, Shibao PYT, Henrique-Silva F, Marchetto R, Buzalaf MAR. Protein-based engineering of the initial acquired enamel pellicle in vivo: Proteomic evaluation. J Dent 2021; 116:103874. [PMID: 34798481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the proteomic alterations in the initial AEP after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, StN15 or Hb or their combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS In five crossover phases, after prophylaxis, 10 volunteers in 5 consecutive days, rinsed (10 mL, 1 min) with the following solutions: deionized water (H2O- negative control- 1), 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (2), 1.88×10-5 M StN15 (3), 1.0 mg/mL Hb (4) or their combination (5). The AEP formed after 3 min was collected with electrode filter papers soaked in 3% citric acid. After protein extraction, samples were analyzed by quantitative shotgun label-free proteomics. RESULTS Rinsing with the proteins/peptide increased the amounts of proteins in the AEP. The total numbers of proteins identified after rinsing with CaneCPI-5, StN15, Hb or their combination versus water, were 131, 167, 148 and 142, respectively. The treatment with the proteins/peptide or their combination increased proteins that bind calcium, phosphate and interact with distinct proteins, as well as proteins with antimicrobial and acid-resistant properties, such as, Cornifin-B (7.7, 12.6, and 4.3-fold for CaneCPI-5, StN15 and Hb, respectively), isoforms of Cystatin (2.2-2.4-fold for CaneCPI-5 and StN15), Proline-rich-protein 4 (4.3-fold; StN15), Histatin-1 (2.8-fold; StN15) and Hemoglobin (7.7-25-fold for Hb and Combination). Immunoglobulin, Keratin and Histone were exclusively identified upon treatment with the proteins/peptide, alone or combined. CONCLUSION Rinsing with proteins/peptide, alone or combined, increased protective proteins in the initial AEP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that rinsing with the proteins/peptide or their combination increases the proteins capable of enhancing the protective function of the basal layer of AEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Teodoro Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Souza Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Bogaz Debortolli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Martines Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana Martini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Even Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wei CX, Burrow MF, Botelho MG, Leung WK. Analysing Complex Oral Protein Samples: Complete Workflow and Case Analysis of Salivary Pellicles. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2801. [PMID: 34202147 PMCID: PMC8267628 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on small quantity, highly complex protein samples, such as salivary pellicle, have been enabled by recent major technological and analytical breakthroughs. Advances in mass spectrometry-based computational proteomics such as Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology have allowed precise identification and quantification of complex protein samples on a proteome-wide scale, which has enabled the determination of corresponding genes and cellular functions at the protein level. The latter was achieved via protein-protein interaction mapping with Gene Ontology annotation. In recent years, the application of these technologies has broken various barriers in small-quantity-complex-protein research such as salivary pellicle. This review provides a concise summary of contemporary proteomic techniques contributing to (1) increased complex protein (up to hundreds) identification using minute sample sizes (µg level), (2) precise protein quantification by advanced stable isotope labelling or label-free approaches and (3) the emerging concepts and techniques regarding computational integration, such as the Gene Ontology Consortium and protein-protein interaction mapping. The latter integrates the structural, genomic, and biological context of proteins and genes to predict protein interactions and functional connections in a given biological context. The same technological breakthroughs and computational integration concepts can also be applied to other low-volume oral protein complexes such as gingival crevicular or peri-implant sulcular fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xuan Wei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-X.W.); (M.F.B.); (M.G.B.)
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-X.W.); (M.F.B.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Michael George Botelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-X.W.); (M.F.B.); (M.G.B.)
| | - W. Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-X.W.); (M.F.B.); (M.G.B.)
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14
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. The salivary pellicle on dental biomaterials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111570. [PMID: 33460965 PMCID: PMC8005451 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle, an adlayer formed by adsorption of salivary components on teeth and dental biomaterials, has direct consequences on basic outcomes of dentistry. Here, we provide an overview of salivary pellicle formation processes with a critical focus on dental biomaterials. We describe and critique the array of salivary pellicle measurement techniques. We also discuss factors that may affect salivary pellicle formation and the heterogeneity of the published literature describing salivary pellicle formation on dental biomaterials. Finally, we survey the many effects salivary pellicles have on dental biomaterials and highlight its implications on design criteria for dental biomaterials. Future investigations may lead to rationally designed dental biomaterials to control the salivary pellicle and enhance material function and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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15
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Ventura TMO, Ribeiro NR, Taira EA, de Souza-E-Silva CM, Rubira CMF, Santos PSDS, Buzalaf MAR. Radiotherapy changes acquired enamel pellicle proteome in head and neck cancer patients. J Dent 2021; 108:103642. [PMID: 33757866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vivo the proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) before, during and after radiotherapy. METHODS Nine patients, after prophylaxis, had their AEPs collected before (BRT), during (DRT; 2-5 weeks) and after (ART; 3-4 months) radiotherapy. AEP was also collected from nine healthy patients (Control). The proteins were extracted in biological triplicate and processed by label-free proteomics. RESULTS Statherin was increased more than 9-fold and several hemoglobin subunits were increased more than 5-fold DRT compared to BRT, while lactotransferrin, proline-rich proteins, cystatins, neutrophil defensins 1 and 3 and histatin-1 were decreased. ART, there was an increase in lactotransferrin and several isoforms of histones, while statherin and alpha-amylase proteins were decreased. MOAP-1 was exclusively found ART in comparison to BRT. When compared to Control, AEP of patients BRT showed an increase in proteins related to the perception of bitter taste, mucin-7 and alpha-amylases, while cystatin-S was decreased. CONCLUSIONS HNC and radiotherapy remarkably altered the proteome of the AEP. Antibacterial and acid-resistant proteins were decreased during radiotherapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide important information for designing more effective dental products for these patients, in addition to contributing to a better understanding of the differential protective roles of the AEP proteins during radiotherapy. Moreover, some proteins identified in the AEP after radiotherapy may serve as prognostic markers for survival of HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Regina Ribeiro
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Cintia Maria de Souza-E-Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Cássia Maria Fischer Rubira
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology - Discipline of Radiology and Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology - Discipline of Radiology and Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil.
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16
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Bostanci N, Grant M, Bao K, Silbereisen A, Hetrodt F, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN. Metaproteome and metabolome of oral microbial communities. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:46-81. [PMID: 33226703 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of high-throughput technologies for the comprehensive measurement of biomolecules, also referred to as "omics" technologies, has helped us gather "big data" and characterize microbial communities. In this article, we focus on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches that support hypothesis-driven investigations on various oral biologic samples. Proteomics reveals the working units of the oral milieu and metabolomics unveils the reactions taking place; and so these complementary techniques can unravel the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Current knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed, from both clinical and basic research perspectives. Communities indicative of, or from, health, caries, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions are represented. Challenges, future prospects, and examples of best practice are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Grant
- Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Hetrodt
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Pelá VT, Lunardelli JG, Ventura TM, Camiloti GD, Baumann T, Carvalho TS, Lussi A, Buzalaf MA. Proteomic profiles of the acquired enamel pellicle formed in vitro, in situ, or in vivo. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:487-494. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius T. Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - João G.Q. Lunardelli
- Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Bauru‐SP Brazil
| | - Talita M.O. Ventura
- Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Bauru‐SP Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Camiloti
- Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Bauru‐SP Brazil
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Thiago S. Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Marília A.R. Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Bauru‐SP Brazil
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18
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Chawhuaveang DD, Yu OY, Yin IX, Lam WYH, Mei ML, Chu CH. Acquired salivary pellicle and oral diseases: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:523-529. [PMID: 33384841 PMCID: PMC7770358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As soon as saliva contacts the teeth surface, salivary proteins adhere to the tooth surface to form acquired salivary pellicle. The formation of this acquired salivary pellicle is a dynamic and selective process of macromolecular adsorption and desorption. Although acquired salivary pellicle contains proteins and peptides, it also contains lipids, and other macro-molecules, all of which contribute to its protective properties. Acquired salivary pellicle is related to the development of common oral diseases, such as erosion, dental caries, and periodontal disease. Acquired salivary pellicle acts as a natural barrier to prevent a tooth's surface from making direct contact with acids and to protect it from erosive demineralization. It contributes to the control of dental erosion by modulating calcium and phosphate concentrations on the tooth surface. It also influences the initial colonizer of oral biofilm and affects the transportation pathway of the acidic products of cariogenic bacteria, which affects the development of dental caries. In addition, it influences periodontal disease by acting on the colonization of periodontal pathogens. This paper's aim is to provide an overview of the acquired salivary pellicle, highlighting its composition, structure, function, role in common oral diseases, and modification for the prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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PelÁ VT, Ventura TMO, Buzalaf MAR. Optimizing the formation of the acquired enamel pellicle in vitro for proteomic analysis. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200189. [PMID: 32785522 PMCID: PMC7406193 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is the major contributor for the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), a bacteria-free organic layer formed by the selective adsorption of salivary proteins on the surface of the enamel. However, the amount of proteins that can be recovered is even smaller under in vitro condition, due to the absence of continuous salivary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui PelÁ
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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20
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Kirsch J, Jung A, Hille K, König B, Hannig C, Kölling-Speer I, Speer K, Hannig M. Effect of fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial bacterial colonization in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104853. [PMID: 32801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presentin situ study aims to examine the influence of the polyphenolic tea drugs fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial oral bioadhesion. DESIGN Initial biofilm formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs which were carried intraorally by 12 subjects. After 1 min of intraoral pellicle formation, the subjects rinsed with fragaria vesca, tormentil (0.8 mg/8 mL) and hamamelis (0.2 mg/8 mL) for 10 min. Tap water served as negative control, 0.2 % CHX as positive control. The investigations took place on different days (wash-out: 2 days). Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy has been performed per test solution (n = 5) and per subject (n = 12) to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI, ConA and BacLight. Additionally, TEM was used to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure and expectorate samples. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis- (p < 0.5), Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.5) and Bonferroni-Holm-correction (p < 0.1). RESULTS Rinsing with the polyphenolic tea extracts reduced significantly initial bacterial colonization (DAPI) compared to the negative control. There was no significant difference betweenfragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil. All solutions showed a reducing effect on the glucan formation. No significant difference was observed between fragaria vesca and CHX. Considerable alterations of the pellicle's ultrastructure manifested by an increase in thickness and electron density resulted from rinsing with the three polyphenolic aqueous extracts. CONCLUSIONS Fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil significantly reduce initial bioadhesion and glucan formation in situ and are therefore recommended as adjuvant antibacterial oral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kirsch
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Amira Jung
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Belinda König
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Trautmann S, Künzel N, Fecher‐Trost C, Barghash A, Schalkowsky P, Dudek J, Delius J, Helms V, Hannig M. Deep Proteomic Insights into the Individual Short‐Term Pellicle Formation on Enamel—An In Situ Pilot Study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900090. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Trautmann
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Saarland University Homburg/Saar 66421 Germany
| | - Nicolas Künzel
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbruecken 66123 Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher‐Trost
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University Homburg/Saar 66421 Germany
| | - Ahmad Barghash
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbruecken 66123 Germany
- School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology German Jordanian University Amman 11180 Jordan
| | - Pascal Schalkowsky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University Homburg/Saar 66421 Germany
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Saarland University Homburg/Saar 66421 Germany
| | - Judith Delius
- Chair for Food and Bioprocess Engineering Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbruecken 66123 Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry University Hospital Saarland University Homburg/Saar 66421 Germany
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22
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Mutahar M, Bartlett D, Carpenter G, Moazzez R. Proteins from whole mouth saliva mediate greater protection against severe erosive tooth wear than proteins from parotid saliva using an in vitro model. J Dent 2020; 95:103319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Fiorillo L. We Do Not Eat Alone: Formation and Maturation of the Oral Microbiota. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9010017. [PMID: 31940979 PMCID: PMC7168179 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the earliest moments of life, contact with the outside world and with other individuals invalidates the sterility of the oral cavity. The oral cavity passes from a sterility condition, that is present only during intrauterine life, to a condition in which a microbiota organizes and evolves itself, accompanying the person throughout their life. Depending on a patient’s age, systemic conditions and/or oral conditions, different characteristics of the oral microbiome are shown. By verifying and analyzing this process it is possible to understand what is at the basis of the etiopathogenesis of some oral pathologies, and also the function of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
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24
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Pelá VT, Prakki A, Wang L, Ventura TMS, de Souza E Silva CM, Cassiano LPS, Brianezzi LFF, Leite AL, Buzalaf MAR. The influence of fillers and protease inhibitors in experimental resins in the protein profile of the acquired pellicle formed in situ on enamel-resin specimens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104527. [PMID: 31472277 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the influence of the addition of fillers and/or protease inhibitors [(epigallocatechin gallate - EGCG) or (chlorhexidine - CHX)] in experimental resins in the protein profile of the acquired pellicle (AP) formed in situ on enamel-resin specimens. DESIGN 324 samples of bovine enamel were prepared (6 × 6 × 2 mm). The center of each sample was added with one of the following experimental resins (Bis-GMA+TEGDMA): no filler, no inhibitor (NF-NI); filler no inhibitor (F-NI); no filler plus CHX (NF-CHX); filler plus CHX (F-CHX); no filler plus EGCG (NF-EGCG); filler plus EGCG (F-EGCG). Nine subjects used a removable jaw appliance (BISPM - Bauru in situ pellicle model) with 2 slabs from each group. The AP was formed for 120 min, in 9 days and collected with electrode filter paper soaked in 3% citric acid. The pellicles collected were processed for analysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 140 proteins were found in the AP collected from all the substrates. Among them, 16 proteins were found in common in all the groups: 2 isoforms of Basic salivary proline-rich protein, Cystatin-S, Cystatin-AS, Cystatin-SN, Histatin-1, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, Lysozyme C, Mucin-7, Proline-rich protein 4, Protein S100-A9, Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein ½ and Statherin. Proteins with other functions, such as metabolism and transport, were also identified. CONCLUSION The composition of the experimental resins influenced the protein profile of the AP. This opens a new avenue for the development of new materials able to guide for AP engineering, thus conferring protection to the adjacent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Linda Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiza Paula Silva Cassiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Amado F, Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Ferreira R, Vitorino R. Sample Treatment for Saliva Proteomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1073:23-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12298-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:517-527. [PMID: 30762211 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has gained increasing clinical relevance. It is estimated that worldwide 30-50% of deciduous and 20-45% of permanent teeth are affected. One of the most important nutritional factors causing ETW is the overconsumption of soft drinks, but also patient-related factors like reflux or eating disorders can lead to erosive lesions. Whether acids lead to erosive demineralisation depends on their degree of saturation with respect to tooth mineral at their actual pH. REVIEW Fluoride compounds like sodium or amine fluoride seem to be of limited efficacy against erosion, the main reason for this is the missing biofilm in the erosive process as well as the lower pH of the acids compared to bacterial acids. This means that to achieve some kind of preventive effect it would be necessary to use products with higher fluoride concentration, which is not an appropriate option for small children, and/or to increase the frequency of application. In addition, the fluoride compound plays a role as promising effects were found when fluoride is combined with titanium or stannous ions. TiF4 can cause acid-resistant surface coatings and when Sn2+/F- formulations are applied, Sn is not only found on the surface but is also incorporated into enamel and dentine. Both effects make the tooth surface more resistant against acid demineralisation. Different fluoride-containing vehicles have been tested to prevent erosion/ETW, such as toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes. Toothpastes offer some degree of protection, especially Sn2+-containing formulations, but effects of the active ingredients are sometimes counteracted by the presence of abrasives. CONCLUSION Detecting associated factors and influencing them is the main instrument in arresting erosive tooth wear. Additionally, patients at risk for dental erosion should always use an additional fluoride source preferably containing Sn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - D Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C Ganss
- Department for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S H João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Martini T, Rios D, Cassiano LPS, Silva CMDS, Taira EA, Ventura TMS, Pereira HABS, Magalhães AC, Carvalho TS, Baumann T, Lussi A, Oliveira RB, Palma-Dibb RG, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomics of acquired pellicle in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with or without erosive tooth wear. J Dent 2019; 81:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Trautmann S, Barghash A, Fecher-Trost C, Schalkowsky P, Hannig C, Kirsch J, Rupf S, Keller A, Helms V, Hannig M. Proteomic Analysis of the Initial Oral Pellicle in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Individuals. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800143. [PMID: 30548171 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To 1) elucidate individual proteomic profiles of the 3-min biofilm of caries-active and caries-free individuals and 2) compare these proteomic profiles against the background of caries. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The initial oral pellicle of 12 caries-active and 12 caries-free individuals is generated in situ on ceramics specimens. The individual, host-specific proteomic profiles of this basic pellicle layer are analyzed by a chemical elution protocol combined with an elaborate mass spectrometry and evaluated bioinformatically. RESULTS A total of 1188 different proteins are identified. Additionally, 68 proteins are present in the profiles of all individuals, suggesting them as ubiquitously occurring base-proteins of the initial human pellicle. Thereof, the single profiles exhibit high inter-individual differences independent of their group affiliation, stating the initial pellicle to represent a rather "individual fingerprint". Quantitative analyses imply slight indication for 23 proteins potentially capable of counting for caries-specific biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The introduced protocol enables the individual analysis of minimal protein amounts and allows for highly precise characterizations and comparisons of individual proteomic profiles. The results contain a considerable higher extent of protein identifications and might serve as a base for future large scale analyzes to identify discrimination factors for the development of caries susceptibility tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Trautmann
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ahmad Barghash
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Pascal Schalkowsky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jasmin Kirsch
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Pelá VT, Cassiano LPS, Ventura TMDS, Souza-E-Silva CMD, Gironda CC, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomic analysis of the acquired enamel pellicle formed on human and bovine tooth: a study using the Bauru in situ pellicle model (BISPM). J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 27:e20180113. [PMID: 30540072 PMCID: PMC6296283 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is an organic film, bacteria-free, formed in vivo as a result of the selective adsorption of salivary proteins and glycoproteins to the solid surfaces exposed to the oral environment. Objective: This study aimed to compare the proteomic profile of AEP formed in situ on human and bovine enamel using a new intraoral device (Bauru in situ pellicle model - BISPM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Material and Methods: One hundred and eight samples of human and bovine enamel were prepared (4×4 mm). Nine subjects with good oral conditions wore a removable jaw appliance (BISPM) with 6 slabs of each substrate randomly allocated. The AEP was formed during the morning, for 120 minutes, and collected with an electrode filter paper soaked in 3% citric acid. This procedure was conducted in triplicate and the pellicle collected was processed for analysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The obtained mass spectrometry MS/MS spectra were searched against human protein database (SWISS-PROT). RESULTS Results: The use of BISPM allowed the collection of enough proteins amount for proper analysis. A total of 51 proteins were found in the AEP collected from the substrates. Among them, 15 were common to both groups, 14 were exclusive of the bovine enamel, and 22 were exclusive of the human enamel. Proteins typically found in the AEP were identified, such as Histatin-1, Ig alpha-1, Ig alpha 2, Lysozyme C, Statherin and Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B. Proteins not previously described in the AEP, such as metabolism, cell signaling, cell adhesion, cell division, transport, protein synthesis and degradation were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the proteins typically found in the AEP appeared in both groups, regardless the substrate. The BISPM revealed to be a good device to be used in studies involving proteomic analysis of the AEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departmento de Genetica e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Condarco Gironda
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Taira E, Ventura T, Cassiano L, Silva C, Martini T, Leite A, Rios D, Magalhães A, Buzalaf M. Changes in the Proteomic Profile of Acquired Enamel Pellicles as a Function of Their Time of Formation and Hydrochloric Acid Exposure. Caries Res 2018; 52:367-377. [DOI: 10.1159/000486969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Changes in the protein profile of acquired enamel pellicles (AEP) formed in vivo over different time periods were evaluated after the application of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Methods: Nine subjects were submitted to dental prophylaxis with pumice. After 3 or 120 min, the teeth were isolated with cotton rolls and 50 μL of 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.0), 0.01 M HCl (pH 2.0), or deionized water were applied on the buccal surface of the teeth for 10 s. The AEP was then collected using an electrode filter paper presoaked in 3% citric acid. After protein extraction, the samples were submitted to reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nano LC-ESI-MS/MS). Label-free quantification was performed (Protein Lynx Global Service software). Results: A total of 180 proteins were successfully identified in the AEP samples. The number of identified proteins increased with the time of pellicle formation. Only 4 proteins were present in all the groups (isoforms of IgA, serum albumin, and statherin). The greatest number of proteins identified uniquely in one of the groups was obtained for the groups treated with HCl after 2 h of pellicle formation (approx. 50 proteins). Conclusion: Proteins resistant to removal by HCl, such as serum albumin and statherin, were identified even in the short-term AEP. In addition, 120-min pellicles present many proteins that are resistant to removal by HCl. This suggests an increase in protection against intrinsic acids with the time of pellicle formation, which should be evaluated in future studies.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the topographical features of enamel surface, etched with different materials. STUDY DESIGN 10 extracted human primary molars were randomly selected and cut and trimmed to 1 mm2. Each group comprised of 10 blocks and the enamel was treated as follows: Group I-35% H3PO4; Group II-5.25% NaOCl + 35% H3PO4 ;Group III-5.25% NaOCl; Group IV no treatment was carried out. All the samples were prepared for Scanning electron microscope analysis. The images were obtained and evaluated for the quality type I-II etching of the enamel surface using Auto-CAD 2011 software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p<0.001). RESULTS The mean surface area of type I and II etching pattern values for Group- I was 39608.18 μm2 and Group- II was 45051.34 μm2. CONCLUSION Deproteinization with 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite prior to acid etching could be used to increase the surface area of adhesion of composite material with the tooth surface.
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32
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Valente MT, Moffa EB, Crosara KTB, Xiao Y, de Oliveira TM, Machado MADAM, Siqueira WL. Acquired Enamel Pellicle Engineered Peptides: Effects on Hydroxyapatite Crystal Growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3766. [PMID: 29491390 PMCID: PMC5830524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that duplication/hybridization of functional domains of naturally occurring pellicle peptides amplified the inhibitory effect of hydroxyapatite crystal growth, which is related to enamel remineralization and dental calculus formation. Histatin 3, statherin, their functional domains (RR14 and DR9), and engineered peptides (DR9-DR9 and DR9-RR14) were tested at seven different concentrations to evaluate the effect on hydroxyapatite crystal growth inhibition. A microplate colorimetric assay was used to quantify hydroxyapatite crystal growth. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for each group. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls pairwise comparisons were used to compare the groups. DR9-DR9 increased the inhibitory effect of hydroxyapatite crystal growth compared to single DR9 (p < 0.05), indicating that functional domain multiplication represented a strong protein evolution pathway. Interestingly, the hybrid peptide DR9-RR14 had an intermediate inhibitory effect compared to DR9 and DR9-DR9. This study used an engineered peptide approach to investigate a potential evolution protein pathway related to duplication/hybridization of acquired enamel pellicle's natural peptide constituents, contributing to the development of synthetic peptides for therapeutic use against dental caries and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valente
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Buozi Moffa
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Karla Tonelli Bicalho Crosara
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thais Marchini de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Luiz Siqueira
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Cassiano LPS, Ventura TMS, Silva CMS, Leite AL, Magalhães AC, Pessan JP, Buzalaf MAR. Protein Profile of the Acquired Enamel Pellicle after Rinsing with Whole Milk, Fat-Free Milk, and Water: An in vivo Study. Caries Res 2018; 52:288-296. [PMID: 29393147 DOI: 10.1159/000485390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study detected changes in the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed in vivo after rinsing with whole milk, fat-free milk, or water. Nine subjects in good oral condition took part in the study. The acquired pellicle was formed in the morning, for 120 min, after prophylaxis with pumice. Following this, the volunteers rinsed with 10 mL of whole milk, fat-free milk, or deionized water for 30 s, following a blinded crossover protocol. After 60 min, the pellicle was collected with filter paper soaked in 3% citric acid and processed for analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The obtained tandem mass spectrometry spectra were searched against a human protein database (Swiss-Prot). The proteomic data related to protein quantification were analysed using the PLGS software. A total of 260 proteins were successfully identified in the AEP samples collected from all groups. Forty-nine were common to all 3 groups, while 72, 62, and 49 were specific to the groups rinsing with whole milk, fat-free milk, and water, respectively. Some were typical components of the AEP, such as cystatin-B, cystatin-SN, isoforms of α-amylase, IgA and IgG, lysozyme C, protein S100 A78, histatin-1, proline-rich protein 27, statherin, and lactotransferrin. Other proteins are not commonly described as part of the AEP but could act in defence of the organism against pathogens. Distinct proteomic profiles were found in the AEP after rinsing with whole or fat-free milk, which could have an impact on bacterial adhesion and tooth dissolution. The use of fat-free milk could favourably modulate the adhesion of bacteria to the AEP as well as biofilm formation when compared with whole milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza P S Cassiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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34
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Mutahar M, O’Toole S, Carpenter G, Bartlett D, Andiappan M, Moazzez R. Reduced statherin in acquired enamel pellicle on eroded teeth compared to healthy teeth in the same subjects: An in-vivo study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183660. [PMID: 28837608 PMCID: PMC5570300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in-vivo study was to compare total protein and four key salivary proteins present in the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) on eroded and non-eroded surfaces in participants with erosive tooth wear. Participants with erosive tooth wear of dietary non-intrinsic origin, present on the occlusal surfaces of the lower first molars and an unaffected posterior occlusal surface in the same quadrant were recruited from restorative dental clinics at King's College London Dental Institute (n = 29, REC ref 14/EM/1171). Following removal of the salivary film, AEP samples were collected from the eroded occlusal surfaces (EP, n = 29) and the non-eroded occlusal surfaces (NP, n = 29) using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) soaked filter papers. Total protein concentration was analysed using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). Protein fractions were separated using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted against: mucin5b, albumin, carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) and statherin antibodies. Amounts were quantified using ImageLab software against purified protein standards of known concentration. ANOVA followed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon's matched-pair signed-rank test were used to test statistical significance. The difference was considered to be significant at a P value < 0.05. The total protein on eroded surfaces was significantly lower compared to the total protein on non-eroded surfaces [0.41mg/mL (0.04) and 0.61 mg/mL (0.11)] respectively (p< 0.05). The median (min, max) amount of statherin was also significantly lower on eroded occlusal surfaces [84.1 (20.0, 221.8) ng] compared to AEP from non-eroded teeth in the same subjects [97.1(30.0, 755.6) ng] (p = 0.002). No statistical differences were observed for mucin 5b, albumin or CA VI. The total protein and statherin in the in-vivo AEP were different between eroded and non-eroded tooth surfaces of the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mutahar
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse O’Toole
- Tissue engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bartlett
- Tissue engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manoharan Andiappan
- Biostatistics and Research Methods Centre, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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35
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The mucosal pellicle – An underestimated factor in oral physiology. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Salmon CR, Giorgetti APO, Paes Leme AF, Domingues RR, Kolli TN, Foster BL, Nociti FH. Microproteome of dentoalveolar tissues. Bone 2017; 101:219-229. [PMID: 28527949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrices (ECM) of dentoalveolar tissues can provide insights into developmental, pathological, and reparative processes. However, targeted dissection of mineralized tissues, dental cementum (DC), alveolar bone (AB), and dentin (DE), presents technical difficulties. We demonstrate an approach combining EDTA decalcification and laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to analyze proteome profiles of these tissues. Using the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach, a total of 243 proteins was identified from all tissues, 193 proteins in DC, 147 in AB, and 135 proteins DE. Ninety proteins (37% of total) were common to all tissues, whereas 52 proteins (21%) were overlapping in only two. Also, 101 (42%) proteins were exclusively detected in DC (60), AB (15), or DE (26). Identification in all tissues of expected ECM proteins including collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1), collagen alpha-1(XII) chain (COL12A1), biglycan (BGN), asporin (ASPN), lumican (LUM), and fibromodulin (FMOD), served to validate the approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering identified a high degree of similarity in DC and AB proteomes, whereas DE presented a distinct dataset. Exclusively and differentially identified proteins were detected from all three tissues. The protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of DC was notable for its inclusion of several indicators of metabolic function (e.g. mitochondrial proteins, protein synthesis, and calcium transport), possibly reflecting cementocyte activity. The DE proteome included known and novel mineralization regulators, including matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20), 5' nucleotidase (NT5E), and secreted phosphoprotein 24 (SPP-24 or SPP-2). Application of the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach to dentoalveolar tissues would be of value in many experimental designs, including developmental studies of transgenic animals, investigation of treatment effects, and identification of novel regenerative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula O Giorgetti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- National Biosciences Laboratory, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Romênia R Domingues
- National Biosciences Laboratory, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ventura TMDS, Cassiano LDPS, Souza E Silva CMD, Taira EA, Leite ADL, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR. The proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle according to its location in the dental arches. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:20-29. [PMID: 28282514 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the variation in the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed in vivo according to its location in the dental arches. DESIGN The AEP was formed for 120min in 9 volunteers. Pellicle formed at upper+lower anterior facial (ULAFa; teeth 13-23 and 33-43), upper anterior palatal (UAPa; teeth 13-23), lower anterior lingual (LALi; teeth 33-43), upper+lower posterior facial (ULPFa; teeth 14-17 24-27, 34-37 and 44-47), upper posterior palatal (UPPa; teeth 14-17 and 24-27) and lower posterior lingual (LPLi; teeth 34-37 and 44-47) regions were collected separately and processed for analysis by label-free LC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS Three-hundred sixty three proteins were identified in total, twenty-five being common to all the locations, such as Protein S100-A8, Lysozyme C, Lactoferrin, Statherin, Ig alpha-2, ALB protein, Myeloperoxidase and SMR3B. Many proteins were found exclusively in the AEP collected from one of the regions (46-UAPa, 33-LALi, 59-ULAFa, 31-ULPFa, 44-LPLi and 39-UPPa). CONCLUSIONS The protein composition of the AEP varied according to its location in the dental arches. These results provide important insights for understanding the differential protective roles of the AEP as a function of its location in the dental arches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Effect of gels containing chlorhexidine or epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle. Arch Oral Biol 2017. [PMID: 28622550 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated changes in protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed in vivo, after application of gels containing chlorhexidine or EGCG and further challenge with citric acid. DESIGN AEP was formed in 9 volunteers for 2h and then treated with one of the following gels: placebo, 400μM EGCG or 0.012% chlorhexidine. A thin layer of gel was applied and after 1min the excess was removed. One hour after gel application, the AEP was collected from the buccal surface (upper and lower jaw) of one of the sides with filter paper dipped in 3% citric acid. On the other side, erosive challenge was performed through gentle application of 1% citric acid (pH 2.5) for 20s (using a pipette) followed by washing with deionized water. The AEP was collected as mentioned before. Proteomic analysis was performed through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The MS/MS spectra obtained were compared with human protein databases (SWISS-PROT). Label-free quantitation was done using the PLGS software. RESULTS In total, 223 proteins were identified. After treatment with EGCG and CHX gels, proteins with potential functions to protect against caries and erosion such as PRPs, calcium-bind proteins and Statherin were increased. When EGCG and CHX-treated AEPs were challenged with citric acid, there was increase in cystatins and Profilin-1. CONCLUSION CHX- and EGCG-treated AEPs, submitted to challenge with citric acid or not, had remarkable changes in their proteomic profiles.
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Mendonça FL, Jordão MC, Ionta FQ, Buzalaf MAR, Honório HM, Wang L, Rios D. In situ effect of enamel salivary exposure time and type of intraoral appliance before an erosive challenge. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2465-2471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Delius J, Trautmann S, Médard G, Kuster B, Hannig M, Hofmann T. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis of the surface-bound salivary pellicle. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:68-76. [PMID: 28086104 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle, covering natural as well as restored tooth surfaces in the oral cavity as an immobilized protein-rich layer, acts as an important physico-chemical and biological mediator at the tooth-saliva-interface. For the first time, the pellicle's proteome of individual volunteers were analyzed separately on three consecutive days and the relative protein abundance determined by a label-free quantitative nano-LC-MS/MS approach. A total of 72 major proteins were identified in the initial pellicles formed intraorally on dental ceramic specimens already after 3min with high inter-individual and inter-day consistency. In comparison, significant differences in protein abundance were evident between subjects, thus indicating unique individual pellicle profiles. Furthermore, the relative protein abundance in pellicles was compared to the proteome pattern in the corresponding saliva samples of the same individuals to provide first data on significantly enriched and depleted salivary proteins (p <0.05) within the surface-bound salivary pellicle. Our findings reveal the initial adsorption of salivary proteins at the solid-liquid interface to be a rapid, highly selective, and reproducible process leading to the immobilization of a broad range of protective proteins and enzymes on the substratum surface within a few minutes. This provides evidence that the pellicle layer might be physiologically functional even without further maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Delius
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Simone Trautmann
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Huq NL, Myroforidis H, Cross KJ, Stanton DP, Veith PD, Ward BR, Reynolds EC. The Interactions of CPP-ACP with Saliva. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060915. [PMID: 27294918 PMCID: PMC4926448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of early dental caries lesions has been demonstrated by the application of the remineralisation technology based on casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate complexes (CPP-ACP). These complexes consist of an amorphous calcium phosphate mineral phase stabilised and encapsulated by the self-assembly of milk-derived phosphopeptides. During topical application of CPP-ACP complexes in the oral cavity, the CPP encounters the enamel pellicle consisting of salivary proteins and peptides. However the interactions of the CPP with the enamel salivary pellicle are not known. The studies presented here reveal that the predominant peptides of CPP-ACP complexes do interact with specific salivary proteins and peptides of the enamel pellicle, and provide a mechanism by which the CPP-ACP complexes are localised at the tooth surface to promote remineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorjahan Laila Huq
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Helen Myroforidis
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Keith J Cross
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul D Veith
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Brent R Ward
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Advances of Proteomic Sciences in Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050728. [PMID: 27187379 PMCID: PMC4881550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of proteomics tools revolutionized various biomedical disciplines such as genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and dentistry. The aim of this review is to highlight the major milestones in proteomics in dentistry during the last fifteen years. Human oral cavity contains hard and soft tissues and various biofluids including saliva and crevicular fluid. Proteomics has brought revolution in dentistry by helping in the early diagnosis of various diseases identified by the detection of numerous biomarkers present in the oral fluids. This paper covers the role of proteomics tools for the analysis of oral tissues. In addition, dental materials proteomics and their future directions are discussed.
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In vitro salivary pellicles from adults and children have different protective effects against erosion. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:1973-1979. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shi W, Qin M, Chen F, Xia B. Supragingival Microbial Profiles of Permanent and Deciduous Teeth in Children with Mixed Dentition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146938. [PMID: 26752284 PMCID: PMC4709228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was designed to investigate the microbial profiles of teeth in different locations in mixed-dentition-stage children, and to compare the microbiomes of permanent and deciduous teeth in the same healthy oral cavity. Methods Supragingival plaque samples of teeth in various locations—the first permanent molars, deciduous molars, deciduous canines and incisors and permanent incisors—were collected from 20 healthy mixed-dentition-stage children with 10–12 permanent teeth erupted. Plaque DNA was extracted, and the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to sequencing. Results On average, 18,051 high-quality sequences per sample were generated. Permanent tooth sites tended to host more diverse bacterial communities than those of deciduous tooth sites. A total of 12 phyla, 21 classes, 38 orders, 66 families, 74 genera were detected ultimately. Five predominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria) were highly variable among sites. Of 26 genera with a mean relative abundance of >0.1%, 16 showed significant differences in relative abundance among the groups. More than 20% of the total operational taxonomical units were detected only in permanent or deciduous teeth. The variation in the microbial community composition was due mainly to permanent teeth being enriched in Actinomyces and deciduous teeth in Treponema. The core microbiome of supragingival plaque in mixed dentition comprised 19 genera with complex correlationships. Conclusion Our results suggest differences in microbial diversity and composition between permanent and deciduous teeth sites in mixed dentition. Moreover, the core microbiome of these sites was determined. These findings enhance our understanding of the development of the native oral microbiota with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Shi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Identification of acid-resistant proteins in acquired enamel pellicle. J Dent 2015; 43:1470-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Grychtol S, Viergutz G, Pötschke S, Bowen WH, Hoth-Hannig W, Leis B, Umanskaya N, Hannig M, Hannig C. Enzymes in the in-situ pellicle of children with different caries activity. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:319-326. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Grychtol
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Gabriele Viergutz
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Pötschke
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - William H. Bowen
- School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| | - Wiebke Hoth-Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Birgit Leis
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Natalia Umanskaya
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; University Hospital; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Algarni AA, Mussi MCM, Moffa EB, Lippert F, Zero DT, Siqueira WL, Hara AT. The impact of stannous, fluoride ions and its combination on enamel pellicle proteome and dental erosion prevention. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128196. [PMID: 26030135 PMCID: PMC4452394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the effects of stannous (Sn) and fluoride (F) ions and their combination on acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) protein composition (proteome experiment), and protection against dental erosion (functional experiment). Methods In the proteome experiment, bovine enamel specimens were incubated in whole saliva supernatant for 24h for AEP formation. They were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the rinse treatment: Sn (800ppm/6.7mM, SnCl2), F (225ppm/13mM, NaF), Sn and F combination (Sn+F) and deionized water (DIW, negative control). The specimens were immersed 3× in the test rinses for 2min, 2h apart. Pellicles were collected, digested, and analyzed for protein content using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In the functional experiment, bovine enamel specimens (n=10) were similarly treated for pellicle formation. Then, they were subjected to a five-day erosion cycling model, consisting of 5min erosive challenges (15.6 mM citric acid, pH 2.6, 6×/d) and 2min treatment with the rinses containing Sn, F or Sn+F (3×/d). Between the treatments, all specimens were incubated in whole saliva supernatant. Surface loss was determined by profilometry. Results Our proteome approach on bovine enamel identified 72 proteins that were common to all groups. AEP of enamel treated with Sn+F demonstrated higher abundance for most of the identified proteins than the other groups. The functional experiment showed reduction of enamel surface loss for Sn+F (89%), Sn (67%) and F (42%) compared to DIW (all significantly different, p<0.05). Conclusion This study highlighted that anti-erosion rinses (e.g. Sn+F) can modify quantitatively and qualitatively the AEP formed on bovine enamel. Moreover, our study demonstrated a combinatory effect that amplified the anti-erosive protection on tooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Algarni
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - M. C. M. Mussi
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. B. Moffa
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. Lippert
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - D. T. Zero
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - W. L. Siqueira
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. T. Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Delecrode TR, Siqueira WL, Zaidan FC, Bellini MR, Leite AL, Xiao Y, Rios D, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR. Exposure to acids changes the proteomic of acquired dentine pellicle. J Dent 2015; 43:583-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Culp DJ, Robinson B, Cash MN, Bhattacharyya I, Stewart C, Cuadra-Saenz G. Salivary mucin 19 glycoproteins: innate immune functions in Streptococcus mutans-induced caries in mice and evidence for expression in human saliva. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2993-3008. [PMID: 25512380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva functions in innate immunity of the oral cavity, protecting against demineralization of teeth (i.e. dental caries), a highly prevalent infectious disease associated with Streptococcus mutans, a pathogen also linked to endocarditis and atheromatous plaques. Gel-forming mucins are a major constituent of saliva. Because Muc19 is the dominant salivary gel-forming mucin in mice, we studied Muc19(-/-) mice for changes in innate immune functions of saliva in interactions with S. mutans. When challenged with S. mutans and a cariogenic diet, total smooth and sulcal surface lesions are more than 2- and 1.6-fold higher in Muc19(-/-) mice compared with wild type, whereas the severity of lesions are up to 6- and 10-fold higher, respectively. Furthermore, the oral microbiota of Muc19(-/-) mice display higher levels of indigenous streptococci. Results emphasize the importance of a single salivary constituent in the innate immune functions of saliva. In vitro studies of S. mutans and Muc19 interactions (i.e. adherence, aggregation, and biofilm formation) demonstrate Muc19 poorly aggregates S. mutans. Nonetheless, aggregation is enhanced upon adding Muc19 to saliva from Muc19(-/-) mice, indicating Muc19 assists in bacterial clearance through formation of heterotypic complexes with salivary constituents that bind S. mutans, thus representing a novel innate immune function for salivary gel-forming mucins. In humans, expression of salivary MUC19 is unclear. We find MUC19 transcripts in salivary glands of seven subjects and demonstrate MUC19 glycoproteins in glandular mucous cells and saliva. Similarities and differences between mice and humans in the expression and functions of salivary gel-forming mucins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Indraneel Bhattacharyya
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Carol Stewart
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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