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Borgonovi SM, Iametti S, Speranza AR, Di Nunzio M. Cell culture models for assessing the effects of bioactive compounds in common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum): a systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:2799-2813. [PMID: 38390666 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (CBW) is grown and consumed worldwide. In addition to its already established reputation as an excellent source of nutrients, CBW is gaining popularity as a possible component of functional foods. Whereas human studies remain the gold standard for evaluating the relationship between nutrition and health, the development of reliable in vitro or ex vivo models has made it possible to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CBW effects on human health. Herein is a systematic review of studies on the biological effect of CBW supplementation, as assessed on various types of cellular models. Although the studies reported here have been conducted in very different experimental conditions, the overall effects of CBW supplementation were found to involve a decrease in cytokine secretion and oxidation products, related mainly to CBW polyphenols and protein or peptide fractions. These chemical species also appeared to be involved in the modulation of cell signaling and hormone secretion. Although further studies are undoubtedly necessary, as is their extension to in vivo systems, these reports suggest that CBW-based foods could be relevant to maintaining and/or improving human health and the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Margherita Borgonovi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Ramona Speranza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Borovaya S, Klykov A, Barsukova E, Chaikina E. Study of the Effect of Selective Media with High Doses of Zinc on Regeneration Ability and Rutin Accumulation in Common Buckwheat In Vitro. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030264. [PMID: 35161245 PMCID: PMC8915187 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological methods are widely used in modern common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) studies, constitute an effective tool to create the best agronomic traits of the crop, and can also be used to breed forms, resistant to heavy metal ion toxicity, which is important in the environment of constantly growing anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems. The studied high concentrations of zinc salts (808–1313 mg L−1) in the nutrient medium in vitro had an inhibitory effect on buckwheat, which was manifested by a decrease in values of its morphological indicators. Ion stress had an adverse effect on 7–9% of plants from their total number, indicating high plasticity and resistance of F. esculentum to highly toxic doses of zinc. The stress state of F. esculentum significantly increases the production of flavonoid compounds, including rutin, in plant cells, which is used in biotechnology to assess and obtain buckwheat forms of high flavonoid induction capacity. The processes of rutin biosynthesis were most intense in test-tube plants of the Izumrud × Inzerskaya hybrid obtained after exposure to high doses of zinc 1010–1212 mg L−1. F. esculentum genotypes obtained using selective backgrounds with high zinc concentrations are promising biosystems for synthesis of rutin, valuable for pharmacology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Borovaya
- Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East Named after A.K. Chaiki, 30 Volozhenina St., Timiryazevsky Stl., 692539 Ussuriysk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexey Klykov
- Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East Named after A.K. Chaiki, 30 Volozhenina St., Timiryazevsky Stl., 692539 Ussuriysk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Barsukova
- Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East Named after A.K. Chaiki, 30 Volozhenina St., Timiryazevsky Stl., 692539 Ussuriysk, Russia; (A.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Chaikina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
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Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Oh DH. Elicitation: a new perspective into plant chemo-diversity and functional property. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34802360 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are consumed as fresh foods or their flours can be added in processed products as determinants of sensory perception, product differentiation, and shelf life. Elicitation technique can be used to accumulate phytochemicals in plant sprouts thereby improving their functionality. This review summarized the recent state of knowledge on the use of elicitors to produce sprouts with improved functional properties. Elicitation using abiotic or biotic elicitors has been applied to increase the yield of sprout secondary metabolites (glucosinolates, aminobutyric acid, phenolic compounds), biological activities (antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic properties), and growth. Elicitors trigger the synthesis of plant metabolites by changing enzyme activities or gene expression related to the plant defence system. They also promote sprout growth by enhancing the levels of plant growth hormones. Elicitation is an effective method to produce sprouts with improved health benefits, and enhance their growth. Future studies are needed to identify early plant signaling pathways to fully understand elicitors' mechanisms on plant metabolites. Moreover, further investigation can be impetus in revealing the lower and upper limits of elicitor that can be applied in sprouts without compromising health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Lee DK, Jang HD. Carnosic Acid Attenuates an Early Increase in ROS Levels during Adipocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Translation of Nox4 and Inducing Translation of Antioxidant Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116096. [PMID: 34198827 PMCID: PMC8201016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of carnosic acid to attenuate an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation. The levels of superoxide anion and ROS were determined using dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Both superoxide anion and ROS levels peaked on the second day of differentiation. They were suppressed by carnosic acid. Carnosic acid attenuates the translation of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 4 (Nox4), p47phox, and p22phox, and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB inhibitor (IkBa). The translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was also decreased by carnosic acid. In addition, carnosic acid increased the translation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ–glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSc), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and both the translation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Taken together, these results indicate that carnosic acid could down-regulate ROS level in an early stage of MPI-induced adipocyte differentiation by attenuating ROS generation through suppression of NF-κB-mediated translation of Nox4 enzyme and increasing ROS neutralization through induction of Nrf2-mediated translation of phase II antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, γ-GCS, and GST, leading to its anti-adipogenetic effect.
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Geng J, Li J, Zhu F, Chen X, Du B, Tian H, Li J. Plant sprout foods: Biological activities, health benefits, and bioavailability. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13777. [PMID: 34050545 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant sprout foods exhibit a lot of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-infection, and antiviral activities. Up to the present moment, plant sprout foods have received much attention due to their abundance, good bioavailability, and health benefits for human. This review highlights the biological activities of different plant sprout foods (viz., broccoli sprout, buckwheat sprout, wheat sprout, mung bean sprout, soybean sprout, and adkuzi bean sprout) using in vitro model, animal model, and human model. Furthermore, the bioavailability of plant sprout foods is also discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A review of the literature was conducted to biological activities of plant sprout foods, in addition to a summary of health benefits and bioavailability of sprout foods. Several biological activities of plant sprout foods with in vitro and in vivo evidence are currently unexplored in clinical trials, because the effects of sprout foods on human tissues and cells measured by tube test do not recapitulate the actual in vivo effects. Moreover, the safety of chemoprevention strategies using sprout foods that to protect against environmental exposures and other oxidative stress-related pathologies is important. Further research is warranted to evaluate bioavailability of individual forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Geng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shaanxi Nutrition and Health Engineering Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - Fengmei Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
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Kianersi F, Abdollahi MR, Mirzaie-Asl A, Dastan D, Rasheed F. Identification and tissue-specific expression of rutin biosynthetic pathway genes in Capparis spinosa elicited with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8884. [PMID: 32483287 PMCID: PMC7264309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Capparis spinosa is an edible medicinal plant which is considered as an excellent source of rutin. Rutin is a glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin that has been reported to have a beneficial role in controlling various diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. In this study, the partial cDNA of four genes involved in the rutin biosynthetic pathway including 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase (4CL), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavonol synthase (FLS) and flavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferase (RT) were identified in C.spinosa plants for the first time. The protein sequences of these genes shared high similarity with the same proteins in other plant species. Subsequently, the expression patterns of these genes as well as rutin accumulation in C.spinosa leaves treated with different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and also in different tissues of Caper plants treated with 100 mgL−1 SA and 150 μM MeJA were evaluated. The expression of all four genes was clearly up-regulated and rutin contents increased in response to MeJA and SA treatments after 24 h. The highest rutin contents (5.30 mgg−1 DW and 13.27 mgg−1 DW), as well as the highest expression levels of all four genes, were obtained using 100 mgL−1 SA and 150 μM MeJA, respectively. Among the different tissues, the highest rutin content was observed in young leaves treated with 150 μM MeJA, which corresponded to the expression of related genes, especially RT, as a key gene in the rutin biosynthetic pathway. These results suggest that rutin content in various tissues of C. spinosa can be enhanced to a significant extent by MeJA and SA treatments and the gene expression patterns of rutin-biosynthesis-related genes are regulated by these elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Kianersi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Asghar Mirzaie-Asl
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Faiza Rasheed
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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LI L, GONG X, REN H, WANG X, HE Y, DONG Y. Increased polyphenols and antioxidant activity of rice bean (Vigna umbellata L.) sprouts induced by Methyl Jasmonate: the promotion effect of Methyl Jasmonate on rice bean sprouts. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.36717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li LI
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Xiaoyan GONG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Hankun REN
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China; Nutri-woods Bio-tech Co., Ltd., China
| | - Xiaoyue WANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Yifan HE
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Yinmao DONG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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Liu H, Kang Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang S. Effects of elicitation on bioactive compounds and biological activities of sprouts. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ge F, Qi MM, Liu LN, Yan J, Kang A, Zhu SL, Ji Y, Tian ZC, Dai HF, Ge NJ. Tissue distribution of main active components of Fagopyrum cymosum extracts in mice with ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:3123-3132. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i35.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the tissue distribution of the main active components of Fagopyrum cymosum (FAG) extracts in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice.
METHODS LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B2, four main components of FAG extracts, in different mouse biological samples. The method was then validated by specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, and stability tests. Ulcerative colitis was then induced in mice by administering 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 d. The plasma, liver, jejunum, and colon samples from normal mice or ulcerative colitis mice were collected to analyze the distribution of the main active components of FAG extracts in mice after oral administration of FAG extracts (2.24 g/kg).
RESULTS The initial method validation indicated that the LC-MS/MS method could be used for determining the concentrations of catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins B1, and procyanidins B2 in mouse biological samples. The plasma exposures of catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins B1, and procyanidins B2 were increased in the DSS induced colitis mice compared with normal mice, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). However, in the tissue distribution study, we found that the concentrations of the main components of FAG in different tissue samples were significantly increased when compared with the normal mice. Taking epicatechin as an example, the concentration of epicatechin in the colitis tissue was significantly increased from 4.44 μg/g ± 0.32 μg/g to 5.77 μg/g ± 0.59 μg/g (P = 0.0014).
CONCLUSION Increased systemic exposures of main active components of FAG in ulcerative colitis may be beneficial for the therapeutic effects of FAG on ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Ming Qi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Yan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - An Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Lin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nai-Jian Ge
- Mini-invasive Intervention Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Methyl jasmolate treated buckwheat sprout powder enhances glucose metabolism by potentiating hepatic insulin signaling in estrogen-deficient rats. Nutrition 2016; 32:129-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Wang X, Hai C. Redox modulation of adipocyte differentiation: hypothesis of "Redox Chain" and novel insights into intervention of adipogenesis and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:99-125. [PMID: 26187871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, it is important to clearly understand how adipose tissue forms. Accumulating data from various laboratories implicate that redox status is closely associated with energy metabolism. Thus, biochemical regulation of the redox system may be an attractive alternative for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. In this work, we will review the current data detailing the role of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation, as well as identifying areas for further research. The redox system affects adipogenic differentiation in an extensive way. We propose that there is a complex and interactive "redox chain," consisting of a "ROS-generating enzyme chain," "combined antioxidant chain," and "transcription factor chain," which contributes to fine-tune the regulation of ROS level and subsequent biological consequences. The roles of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation are paradoxical. The redox system exerts a "tridimensional" mechanism in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, including transcriptional, epigenetic, and posttranslational modulations. We suggest that redoxomic techniques should be extensively applied to understand the biological effects of redox alterations in a more integrated way. A stable and standardized "redox index" is urgently needed for the evaluation of the general redox status. Therefore, more effort should be made to establish and maintain a general redox balance rather than to conduct simple prooxidant or antioxidant interventions, which have comprehensive implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Zhou Z, Ren X, Wang F, Li J, Si X, Cao R, Yang R, Strappe P, Blanchard C. High pressure processing manipulated buckwheat antioxidant activity, anti-adipogenic properties and starch digestibility. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Shi L, Gong L, Zhang X, Ren A, Gao T, Zhao M. The regulation of methyl jasmonate on hyphal branching and GA biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum partly via ROS generated by NADPH oxidase. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 81:201-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Antioxidant and antiadipogenic activities of galkeun-tang, a traditional korean herbal formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:763494. [PMID: 25574183 PMCID: PMC4276690 DOI: 10.1155/2014/763494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Galkeun-tang (GKT; Galgen-tang in Chinese and Kakkon-to in Japanese), a traditional herbal formula, has been used for treatment of the common cold. Here, we report in vitro antioxidant and antiadipogenic effects of GKT. GKT increased the activities of scavenging 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. GKT also significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) generation during low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the electrophoretic mobility of oxidized LDL, indicating inhibitory effects of GKT on Cu2+-mediated oxidation of LDL. Regarding antiadipogenic activity, GKT treatment significantly suppressed lipid accumulation, triglyceride production, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Consistent with this, GKT significantly reduced the secretion of leptin, a major adipokine, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, our findings suggest that GKT has the potential for antioxidative and antiadipogenic properties.
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Codonopsis lanceolata extract prevents diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Nutrients 2014; 6:4663-77. [PMID: 25353662 PMCID: PMC4245555 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata extract (CLE) has been used in traditional medicine in the Asian-Pacific region for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with CLE. To investigate whether CLE could have preventative effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, male C57BL/6 mice were placed on either a normal chow diet, 60% HFD, or a HFD supplemented with CLE (60, 180, and 360 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. CLE decreased body weight and subcutaneous and visceral fat weights in HFD-induced obese mice. CLE group mice showed lower fat accumulation and a smaller adipocyte area in the adipose tissue compared with the HFD group mice. CLE group mice exhibited lower serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and insulin compared with the HFD group mice. In addition, CLE decreased liver weight and lowered the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in HFD-induced obese mice. These results indicate that CLE can inhibit the development of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice.
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Ku KM, Jeffery EH, Juvik JA. Optimization of methyl jasmonate application to broccoli florets to enhance health-promoting phytochemical content. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2090-6. [PMID: 24338840 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spray treatment of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been shown to increase glucosinolate (GS) concentrations and health-promoting activity in Brassica vegetables. Since there is no reported standardized protocol, several MeJA treatment studies have been conducted to maximize human health bioactivity using the F1 broccoli cultivar 'Green Magic'. RESULTS Foliar MeJA application 4 days prior to harvest of broccoli at commercial maturity resulted in enhanced total GS concentrations. Although a single application of 250 µmol L(-1) MeJA maximized GS concentrations in broccoli florets, two days of consecutive treatments (4 and 3 days prior to harvest) of 250 µmol L(-1) MeJA further enhanced neoglucobrassicin concentrations and floret extract quinone reductase (QR)-inducing activity. With increasing concentrations of MeJA in spray applications to broccoli florets, concentrations of the glucosinolates glucoraphanin, gluconasturtiin and neoglucobrassicin and the isothiocyanate sulforaphane as well as anticancer and anti-inflammatory bioactivities as measured by QR induction and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production respectively were significantly increased. Concentrations of these phytochemicals showed strong positive correlations with QR-inducing and NO-inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION These application protocols were found to maximize GS and GS hydrolysis product concentrations and putatively enhance the health-promoting properties of broccoli heads for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mo Ku
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801-3838, USA
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Ghasemi Pirbalouti A, Sajjadi SE, Parang K. A review (research and patents) on jasmonic acid and its derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:229-39. [PMID: 24470216 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In medicinal chemistry there is a growing interest in using small molecules, including plant stress hormones. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its volatile methyl ester (MJ), collectively termed jasmonates, are lipid-derived cyclopentanone compounds that occur ubiquitously and exclusively in the plant kingdom. This review covers the synthesis, usage, and biological activities of JA and its derivatives. A brief overview of the available information on JA and its features is given, followed by a detailed review of JA and its derivatives as drugs and prodrugs; the properties in plants and the synthesis in recent patents are described. This review shows the direction of long-term drug/nutraceutical safety trials and provides insights for future research in this area. Research on JA continues to be of major interest. Recent innovations offer hope for the development of new therapeutics in related fields. It is anticipated that several analogs can be advanced to preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Medicinal Plants Program, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, College of Natural Science, Massachusetts University, Amherst, MA, USA
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