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Yeh CY, Aguirre K, Laveroni O, Kim S, Wang A, Liang B, Zhang X, Han LM, Valbuena R, Bassik MC, Kim YM, Plevritis SK, Snyder MP, Howitt BE, Jerby L. Mapping spatial organization and genetic cell-state regulators to target immune evasion in ovarian cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1943-1958. [PMID: 39179931 PMCID: PMC11436371 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The drivers of immune evasion are not entirely clear, limiting the success of cancer immunotherapies. Here we applied single-cell spatial and perturbational transcriptomics to delineate immune evasion in high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer. To this end, we first mapped the spatial organization of high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer by profiling more than 2.5 million cells in situ in 130 tumors from 94 patients. This revealed a malignant cell state that reflects tumor genetics and is predictive of T cell and natural killer cell infiltration levels and response to immune checkpoint blockade. We then performed Perturb-seq screens and identified genetic perturbations-including knockout of PTPN1 and ACTR8-that trigger this malignant cell state. Finally, we show that these perturbations, as well as a PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibitor, sensitize ovarian cancer cells to T cell and natural killer cell cytotoxicity, as predicted. This study thus identifies ways to study and target immune evasion by linking genetic variation, cell-state regulators and spatial biology.
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Grants
- P30 CA124435 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 HG012069 NHGRI NIH HHS
- L.J. holds a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF) and a Liz Tilberis Early Career Award from the Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance (OCRA). This study was supported by the BWF (1019508.01; L.J.), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI, U01HG012069; L.J.), OCRA (889076; L.J), Under One Umbrella, Stanford Women’s Cancer Center, Stanford Cancer Institute, a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center (251217; B.E.H., L.J.), as well as funds from the Departments of Genetics (L.J.) at Stanford University and from the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (L.J.).
- This study was partially supported by the Stanford Women’s Cancer Center (251217; B.E.H., L.J.), and an NCI Center Support Grant (P30CA124435; B.E.H.), as well as funds from the Departments of Pathology (B.E.H.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yiwen Yeh
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karmen Aguirre
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Laveroni
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Subin Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Liang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucy M Han
- Department of Pathology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raeline Valbuena
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia K Plevritis
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Livnat Jerby
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Hosoyama T, Kawai‐Takaishi M, Iida H, Yamamoto Y, Nakamichi Y, Watanabe T, Takemura M, Kato S, Uezumi A, Matsui Y. Lack of vitamin D signalling in mesenchymal progenitors causes fatty infiltration in muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:907-918. [PMID: 38533539 PMCID: PMC11154772 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated the importance of muscle quality in addition to muscle quantity in sarcopenia pathophysiology. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), which originates from mesenchymal progenitors (MPs) in adult skeletal muscle, is a key factor affecting muscle quality in older adults, suggesting that controlling IMAT formation is a promising therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IMAT formation in older adults has not been clarified. We recently found that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is highly expressed in MPs in comparison to myotubes (P = 0.028, N = 3), indicating a potential role of vitamin D signalling in MPs. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of vitamin D signalling in MP kinetics, with a focus on adipogenesis. METHODS MPs isolated from mouse skeletal muscles were subjected to adipogenic differentiation conditions with or without vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3, 100 nM) for 7 days, and adipogenicity was evaluated based on adipogenic marker expression. For in vivo analysis, tamoxifen-inducible MP-specific VDR-deficient (VdrMPcKO) mice were newly developed to investigate whether lack of vitamin D signalling in MPs is involved in IMAT formation. To induce muscle atrophy, VdrMPcKO male mice were subjected to tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle, and then muscle weight, myofibre cross-sectional area, adipogenic marker expression, and fatty infiltration into the muscle were evaluated at 3 weeks after operation (N = 3-4). In addition, a vitamin D-deficient diet was provided to wild-type male mice (3 and 20 months of age, N = 5) for 3 months to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency causes IMAT formation. RESULTS Vitamin D treatment nearly completely inhibited adipogenesis of MPs through Runx1-mediated transcriptional modifications of early adipogenic factors such as PPARγ (P = 0.0031) and C/EBPα (P = 0.0027), whereas VDR-deficient MPs derived from VdrMPcKO mice differentiated into adipocytes even in the presence of vitamin D (P = 0.0044, Oil-Red O+ area). In consistency with in-vitro findings, VdrMPcKO mice and mice fed a vitamin D-deficient diet exhibited fat deposition in atrophied (P = 0.0311) and aged (P = 0.0216) skeletal muscle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D signalling is important to prevent fate decision of MPs towards the adipogenic lineage. As vitamin D levels decline with age, our data indicate that decreased vitamin D levels may be one of the causes of IMAT formation in older adults, and vitamin D signalling may be a novel therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Minako Kawai‐Takaishi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Institute for Oral ScienceMatsumoto Dental UniversityNaganoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science and EngineeringIryo Sosei UniversityFukushimaJapan
- Research Institute of Innovative MedicineTokiwa FoundationFukushimaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
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Kronstein-Wiedemann R, Blecher S, Teichert M, Schmidt L, Thiel J, Müller MM, Lausen J, Schäfer R, Tonn T. Novel evidence that the ABO blood group shapes erythropoiesis and results in higher hematocrit for blood group B carriers. Leukemia 2023; 37:1126-1137. [PMID: 36854778 PMCID: PMC10169640 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The ABO blood group (BG) system is of great importance for blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Since the same transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) govern the expression of ABO BG antigens and regulate erythropoiesis, we hypothesized functional connections between both processes. We found significantly higher hemoglobin and hematocrit values in BG B blood donors compared to BG A. Furthermore, we observed that erythropoiesis in BG B hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) was accelerated compared to BG A HSPCs. Specifically, BG B HSPCs yielded more lineage-specific progenitors in a shorter time (B: 31.3 ± 2.2% vs. A: 22.5 ± 3.0%). Moreover, non-BG A individuals exhibited more terminally differentiated RBCs with higher enucleation rates containing more hemoglobin compared to BG A. Additionally, we detected increased levels of miRNA-215-5p and -182-5p and decreased expression of their target TFs RUNX1 and HES-1 mRNAs in erythroid BG B precursor cells compared to BG A. This highlights the important roles of these factors for the disappearance of differentiation-specific glycan antigens and the appearance of cancer-specific glycan antigens. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of erythropoiesis gene regulatory networks and identifies its interference with BG-specific gene expression regulations particularly in diseases, where ABO BGs determine treatment susceptibility and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Kronstein-Wiedemann
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sarah Blecher
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madeleine Teichert
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Thiel
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus M Müller
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg/Hessen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotes, Institute of Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg/Hessen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/M, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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Control of focal adhesion kinase activation by RUNX1-regulated miRNAs in high-risk AML. Leukemia 2023; 37:776-787. [PMID: 36788336 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently described a 16-gene expression signature for improved risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients called the AML Prognostic Score (APS). A subset of APS-high-risk AML patients showed increased levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), encoded by the Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 (PTK2) gene, which was correlated with RUNX1 mutations. RUNX1 mutant cells are more sensitive to PTK2 inhibitors. As we were not able to detect RUNX1-binding sites in the PTK2 promoter, we hypothesized that RUNX1 might regulate micro(mi)RNAs that repress PTK2, such that loss-of-function RUNX1 mutations would result in reduced miRNA expression and derepression of PTK2. Examination of paired RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data from 301 AML cases revealed two miRNAs that positively correlated with RUNX1 expression, contained RUNX1-binding sites in their promoters and were predicted to target PTK2. We show that the hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p promoters are regulated by RUNX1, and that PTK2 is a direct target of both miRNAs. Even in the absence of RUNX1 mutations, hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p regulate PTK2 expression, and reduced expression of these two miRNAs sensitizes AML cells to PTK2 inhibition. These data explain how RUNX1 regulates PTK2, and identify potential miRNA biomarkers for targeting AML with PTK2 inhibitors.
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MicroRNAs in Leukemias: A Clinically Annotated Compendium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073469. [PMID: 35408829 PMCID: PMC8998245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are a group of malignancies of the blood and bone marrow. Multiple types of leukemia are known, however reliable treatments have not been developed for most leukemia types. Furthermore, even relatively reliable treatments can result in relapses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, noncoding RNAs responsible for epigenetic regulation of gene expression and have been proposed as a source of potential novel therapeutic targets for leukemias. In order to identify central miRNAs for leukemia, we conducted data synthesis using two databases: miRTarBase and DISNOR. A total of 137 unique miRNAs associated with 16 types of leukemia were retrieved from miRTarBase and 86 protein-coding genes associated with leukemia were retrieved from the DISNOR database. Based on these data, we formed a visual network of 248 miRNA-target interactions (MTI) between leukemia-associated genes and miRNAs associated with ≥4 leukemia types. We then manually reviewed the literature describing these 248 MTIs for interactions identified in leukemia studies. This manually curated data was then used to visualize a network of 64 MTIs identified in leukemia patients, cell lines and animal models. We also formed a visual network of miRNA-leukemia associations. Finally, we compiled leukemia clinical trials from the ClinicalTrials database. miRNAs with the highest number of MTIs were miR-125b-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-19a-3p, while target genes with the highest number of MTIs were TP53, BCL2, KIT, ATM, RUNX1 and ABL1. The analysis of 248 MTIs revealed a large, highly interconnected network. Additionally, a large MTI subnetwork was present in the network visualized from manually reviewed data. The interconnectedness of the MTI subnetwork suggests that certain miRNAs represent central disease molecules for multiple leukemia types. Additional studies on miRNAs, their target genes and associated biological pathways are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in leukemia.
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Alwani A, Andreasik A, Szatanek R, Siedlar M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M. The Role of miRNA in Regulating the Fate of Monocytes in Health and Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:100. [PMID: 35053248 PMCID: PMC8773712 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes represent a heterogeneous population of blood cells that provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity. The unique potential of monocytes as both precursors (e.g., of macrophages) and effector cells (as phagocytes or cytotoxic cells) makes them an interesting research and therapeutic target. At the site of a tumor, monocytes/macrophages constitute a major population of infiltrating leukocytes and, depending on the type of tumor, may play a dual role as either a bad or good indicator for cancer recovery. The functional activity of monocytes and macrophages derived from them is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of small regulatory miRNA in monocyte formation, maturation and function in health and cancer development. Additionally, signatures of miRNA-based monocyte subsets and the influence of exogenous miRNA generated in the tumor environment on the function of monocytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.A.); (A.A.); (R.S.); (M.S.)
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Mishra S, Liu J, Chai L, Tenen DG. Diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: emerging roles in pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment resistance. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:34-43. [PMID: 34854833 PMCID: PMC8647777 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advancements in the next-generation sequencing technologies have identified rare transcripts of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the genome of cancers, including in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution of lncRNAs in AML pathogenesis, prognosis, and chemoresistance. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have recently reported that deregulated lncRNAs are novel key players in the development of AML and are associated with AML pathophysiology and may serve as prognostic indicators. A few aberrantly expressed lncRNAs that correlated with the recurrent genetic mutations in AML such as NPM1 and RUNX1 have recently been characterized. Moreover, a few lncRNAs in MLL-rearranged leukemia have been described. Additionally, the involvement of lncRNAs in AML chemoresistance has been postulated. SUMMARY Investigating the functional roles of the noncoding regions including lncRNAs, may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology, refine the prognostic schema, and provide novel therapeutic treatment strategies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Mishra
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yoshida T, Yamasaki K, Tadagaki K, Kuwahara Y, Matsumoto A, Sofovic AE, Kondo N, Sakai T, Okuda T. Tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand is a novel transcriptional target of runt‑related transcription factor 1. Int J Oncol 2021; 60:6. [PMID: 34958111 PMCID: PMC8727134 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), which is also known as acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1), has been frequently found with genomic aberrations in human leukemia. RUNX1 encodes a transcription factor that can regulate the expression of hematopoietic genes. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) performs an important function for malignant tumors in immune surveillance. However, the regulatory mechanism of TRAIL expression remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-treated megakaryocytic differentiated K562 cells was used to examine the effect of RUNX1 on TRAIL expression. Luciferase assay series of TRAIL promoters for the cells co-transfected with RUNX1 and core-binding factor β (CBFβ) expression vectors were performed to evaluate the nature of TRAIL transcriptional regulation. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay of the RUNX1 consensus sequence of the TRAIL promoter with recombinant RUNX1 and CBFβ proteins was also performed. BloodSpot database analysis for TRAIL expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia were performed. The expression of TRAIL, its receptor Death receptor 4 and 5 and RUNX1 in K562 cells transfected with the RUNX1 expression vector and RUNX1 siRNA were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). TRAIL and RUNX1-ETO expression was also measured in Kasumi-1 cells transfected with RUNX1-ETO siRNA and in KG-1 cells transfected with RUNX1-ETO expression plasmid, both by RT-qPCR. Cell counting, lactate dehydrogenase assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were performed on Kasumi-1, KG-1, SKNO-1 and K562 cells treated with TRAIL and HDAC inhibitors sodium butyrate or valproic acid. The present study demonstrated that RUNX1 is a transcriptional regulator of TRAIL. It was initially found that the induction of TRAIL expression following the megakaryocytic differentiation of human leukemia cells was RUNX1-dependent. Subsequently, overexpression of RUNX1 was found to increase TRAIL mRNA expression by activating its promoter activity. Additional analyses revealed that RUNX1 regulated the expression of TRAIL in an indirect manner, because RUNX1 retained its ability to activate this promoter following the mutation of all possible RUNX1 consensus sites. Furthermore, TRAIL expression was reduced in leukemia cells carrying the t(8;21) translocation, where the RUNX1-ETO chimeric protein interfere with normal RUNX1 function. Exogenous treatment of recombinant TRAIL proteins was found to induce leukemia cell death. To conclude, the present study provided a novel mechanism, whereby TRAIL is a target gene of RUNX1 and TRAIL expression was inhibited by RUNX1-ETO. These results suggest that TRAIL is a promising agent for the clinical treatment of t(8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tadagaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Adèm Ejub Sofovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Noriko Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi‑Hirokoji, Kamigyo‑ku, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
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Host miRNA and immune cell interactions: relevance in nano-therapeutics for human health. Immunol Res 2021; 70:1-18. [PMID: 34716546 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Around 2200 miRNA (microRNA) genes were found in the human genome. miRNAs are arranged in clusters within the genome and share the same transcriptional regulatory units. It has been revealed that approximately 50% of miRNAs elucidated in the genome are transcribed from non-protein-coding genes, and the leftover miRNAs are present in the introns of coding sequences. We are now approaching a stage in which miRNA diagnostics and therapies can be established confidently, and several commercial efforts are underway to carry these innovations from the bench to the clinic. MiRNAs control many of the significant cellular activities such as production, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. Particularly in the immune system, miRNAs have emerged as a crucial biological component during diseased state and homeostasis. miRNAs have been found to regulate inflammatory responses and autoimmune disorders. Moreover, each miRNA targets multiple genes simultaneously, making miRNAs promising tools as diagnostic biomarkers and as remedial targets. Still, one of the major obstacles in miRNA-based approaches is the achievement of specific and efficient systemic delivery of miRNAs. To overcome these challenges, nanoformulations have been synthesized to protect miRNAs from degradation and enhance cellular uptake. The current review deals with the miRNA-mediated regulation of the recruitment and activation of immune cells, especially in the tumor microenvironment, viral infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity. The nano-based miRNA delivery modes are also discussed here, especially in the context of immune modulation.
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10
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Thai SF, Jones CP, Robinette BL, Ren H, Vallant B, Fisher A, Kitchin KT. Effects of Copper Nanoparticles on mRNA and Small RNA Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5083-5098. [PMID: 33875094 PMCID: PMC10803003 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are widely used in many different industrial processes and consumer products. Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are among the most toxic nanomaterials. We investigated Cu NPs toxicity in Human Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by examining signaling pathways, and microRNA/mRNA interactions. We compared the effects of exposures to Cu NPs at various concentrations and CuCl₂ was used as a control. The number of differentially expressed mRNA did not follow a linear dose-response relationship for either Cu NPs or CuCl₂ treatments. The most significantly altered genes and pathways by Cu NPs exposure were NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2)-mediated oxidative stress response, protein ubiquitination, Tumor protein p53 (p53), phase I and II metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant proteins and phase III detoxifying gene pathways.Messenger RNA-microRNA interaction from MicroRNA Target Filter Analyses revealed more signaling pathways altered in Cu NPs treated samples than transcriptomics alone, including cell proliferation, DNA methylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, tumorigenesis, extracellular matrix/angiogenesis and protein synthesis. In contrast, in the control (CuCl₂) treated samples showed mostly changes in inflammation mainly through regulation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B-cells (NFκB). Further, some RNA based parameters that showed promise as biomarkers of Cu NPs exposure including both well and lesser known genes: heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), heat shock protein, c-Fos proto-oncogene, DNA methyltransferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM, part of the glutathione synthesis pathway). The differences in signaling pathways altered by the Cu NPs and CuCl₂ treatments suggest that the effects of the Cu NPs were not the results of nanomaterial dissolution to soluble copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau-Fung Thai
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Carlton P Jones
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Brian L Robinette
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Production Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Beena Vallant
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Anna Fisher
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Production Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
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11
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Riddell A, McBride M, Braun T, Nicklin SA, Cameron E, Loughrey CM, Martin TP. RUNX1: an emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1410-1423. [PMID: 32154891 PMCID: PMC7314639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1), also known as acute myeloid leukaemia 1 protein (AML1), is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors which modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in multiple systems. It is a master-regulator transcription factor, which has been implicated in diverse signalling pathways and cellular mechanisms during normal development and disease. RUNX1 is best characterized for its indispensable role for definitive haematopoiesis and its involvement in haematological malignancies. However, more recently RUNX1 has been identified as a key regulator of adverse cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction. This review discusses the role RUNX1 plays in the heart and highlights its therapeutic potential as a target to limit the progression of adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Riddell
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Martin McBride
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ewan Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tamara P Martin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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12
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Liang CY, Li ZY, Gan TQ, Fang YY, Gan BL, Chen WJ, Dang YW, Shi K, Feng ZB, Chen G. Downregulation of hsa-microRNA-204-5p and identification of its potential regulatory network in non-small cell lung cancer: RT-qPCR, bioinformatic- and meta-analyses. Respir Res 2020; 21:60. [PMID: 32102656 PMCID: PMC7045575 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary malignant neoplasms have a high worldwide morbidity and mortality, so the study of these malignancies using microRNAs (miRNAs) has attracted great interest and enthusiasm. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effect of hsa-microRNA-204-5p (miR-204-5p) and its underlying molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Expression of miR-204-5p was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). After data mining from public online repositories, several integrative assessment methods, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and comprehensive meta-analyses, were conducted to explore the expression and clinical utility of miR-204-5p. The potential objects regulated and controlled by miR-204-5p in the course of NSCLC were identified by estimated target prediction and analysis. The regulatory network of miR-204-5p, with its target genes and transcription factors (TFs), was structured from database evidence and literature references. Results The expression of miR-204-5p was downregulated in NSCLC, and the downtrend was related to gender, histological type, vascular invasion, tumor size, clinicopathologic grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). MiR-204-5p was useful in prognosis, but was deemed unsuitable at present as an auxiliary diagnostic or prognostic risk factor for NSCLC due to the lack of statistical significance in meta-analyses and absence of large-scale investigations. Gene enrichment and annotation analyses identified miR-204-5p candidate targets that took part in various genetic activities and biological functions. The predicted TFs, like MAX, MYC, and RUNX1, interfered in regulatory networks involving miR-204-5p and its predicted hub genes, though a modulatory loop or axis of the miRNA-TF-gene that was out of range with shortage in database prediction, experimental proof and literature confirmation. Conclusions The frequently observed decrease in miR-204-5p was helpful for NSCLC diagnosis. The estimated target genes and TFs contributed to the anti-oncogene effects of miR-204-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Yun Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Qing Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Ying Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Liang Gan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Kronstein-Wiedemann R, Klop O, Thiel J, Milanov P, Ruhland C, Vermaat L, Kocken CHM, Tonn T, Pasini EM. K562 erythroleukemia line as a possible reticulocyte source to culture Plasmodium vivax and its surrogates. Exp Hematol 2020; 82:8-23. [PMID: 32007479 PMCID: PMC7097847 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
miR-26a and miR-30a knockdowns promote differentiation in Fy-transduced K562 cell lines. miR-26a and miR-30a knockdowns promote enucleation in Fy-transduced K562 cell lines. Data denote an interplay in the mode of action of miR-26a and miR-30a in erythropoiesis. Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. knowlesi invade, albeit inefficiently, Fy-transduced K562 cells.
Establishing an in vitro “red blood cell matrix” that would allow uninterrupted access to a stable, homogeneous reticulocyte population would facilitate the establishment of continuous, long-term in vitro Plasmodium vivax blood stage cultures. In this study, we have explored the suitability of the erythroleukemia K562 cell line as a continuous source of such reticulocytes and have investigated regulatory factors behind the terminal differentiation (and enucleation, in particular) of this cell line that can be used to drive the reticulocyte production process. The Duffy blood group antigen receptor (Fy), essential for P. vivax invasion, was stably introduced into K562 cells by lentiviral gene transfer. miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-30a-5p were downregulated to promote erythroid differentiation and enucleation, resulting in a tenfold increase in the production of reticulocytes after stimulation with an induction cocktail compared with controls. Our results suggest an interplay in the mechanisms of action of miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-30a-5p, which makes it necessary to downregulate both miRNAs to achieve a stable enucleation rate and Fy receptor expression. In the context of establishing P. vivax-permissive, stable, and reproducible reticulocytes, a higher enucleation rate may be desirable, which may be achieved by the targeting of further regulatory mechanisms in Fy-K562 cells; promoting the shift in hemoglobin production from fetal to adult may also be necessary. Despite the fact that K562 erythroleukemia cell lines are of neoplastic origin, this cell line offers a versatile model system to research the regulatory mechanisms underlying erythropoiesis.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation
- Duffy Blood-Group System/biosynthesis
- Duffy Blood-Group System/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/parasitology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Plasmodium vivax/growth & development
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Reticulocytes/metabolism
- Reticulocytes/parasitology
- Reticulocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Kronstein-Wiedemann
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Onny Klop
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Thiel
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Milanov
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruhland
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Vermaat
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Torsten Tonn
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dresden, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Erica M Pasini
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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14
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Nie Y, Zhou L, Wang H, Chen N, Jia L, Wang C, Wang Y, Chen J, Wen X, Niu C, Li H, Guo R, Zhang S, Cui J, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Li W. Profiling the epigenetic interplay of lncRNA RUNXOR and oncogenic RUNX1 in breast cancer cells by gene in situ cis-activation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1635-1649. [PMID: 31497347 PMCID: PMC6726995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is frequently mutated as chromosomal translocations in a variety of hematological malignancies. Recent studies show that RUNX1 is also mutated somatically in many solid tumors. We have recently identified a 260 kb un-spliced intragenic overlapping long noncoding RNA RUNXOR in the RUNX1 locus, yet its role as an epigenetic regulator in tumors remains to be characterized. To delineate this RUNXOR-RUNX1 regulatory interplay in breast cancer cells, we devised a novel "gene in situ cis-activation" approach to activate the endogenous RUNXOR gene. We found that the in situ activation of RUNXOR lncRNA upregulated RUNX1 in cis from the P1 promoter. The preferred activation of the P1 promoter caused a shift to the RUNX1c isoform expression. Using a chromatin conformation capture (3C) approach, we showed that RUNXOR lncRNA epigenetically activated the RUNX1 P1 promoter in cis by altering the local chromatin structure. The binding of RUNXOR lncRNA triggered DNA demethylation and induced active histone modification markers in the P1 CpG island. Changes in RUNX1 isoform composition correlated with a trend to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, although cell proliferation rate, apoptosis, and migration ability were not significantly changed. Our results reveal an underlying epigenetic mechanism by which the lncRNA regulates in cis the RUNX1 promoter usage in breast cancer cells, thereby shedding light on potential genetic therapies in malignancies in which RUNX1 loss-of-function mutations frequently occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Nie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jingcheng Chen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Wen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061, Jilin, China
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15
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Wang Q, Cai J, Fang C, Yang C, Zhou J, Tan Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Meng X, Zhao K, Yi K, Zhang S, Zhang J, Jiang C, Zhang J, Kang C. Mesenchymal glioblastoma constitutes a major ceRNA signature in the TGF-β pathway. Theranostics 2018; 8:4733-4749. [PMID: 30279734 PMCID: PMC6160778 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Their dysregulation is common in cancer. However, ceRNA signatures have been poorly examined in the invasive and aggressive phenotypes of mesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM). This study aims to characterize mesenchymal glioblastoma at the mRNA-miRNA level and identify the mRNAs in ceRNA networks (micNET) markers and their mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Methods: The mRNAs in ceRNA networks (micNETs) of glioblastoma were investigated by constructing a GBM ceRNA network followed by integration with a STRING protein interaction network. The prognostic micNET markers of mesenchymal GBM were identified and validated across multiple datasets. ceRNA interactions were identified between micNETs and miR181 family members. LY2109761, an inhibitor of TGFBR2, demonstrated tumor-suppressive effects on both primary cultured cells and a patient-derived xenograft intracranial model. Results: We characterized mesenchymal glioblastoma at the mRNA-miRNA level and reported a ceRNA network that could separate the mesenchymal subtype from other subtypes. Six genes (TGFBR2, RUNX1, PPARG, ACSL1, GIT2 and RAP1B) that interacted with each other in both a ceRNA-related manner and in terms of their protein functions were identified as markers of the mesenchymal subtype. The coding sequence (CDS) and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TGFBR2 upregulated the expression of these genes, whereas TGFBR2 inhibition by siRNA or miR-181a/d suppressed their expression levels. Furthermore, mesenchymal subtype-related genes and the invasion phenotype could be reversed by suppressing the six mesenchymal marker genes. Conclusions: This study suggests that the micNETs may have translational significance in the diagnosis of mesenchymal GBM and may be novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kaikai Yi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
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16
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Han R, Wei J, Zhang H, Su X, Chu X, Chen Y, Gong Y, Wang X, Shi J, Chen J. Influence of TS (rs34743033) and RUNX1 (rs2014300) gene polymorphisms on survival outcomes of fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in Chinese advanced gastric cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1429-1437. [PMID: 29922087 PMCID: PMC5995278 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s158647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the clinical correlation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of thymidylate synthase (TS) and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) in patients with postoperative stage II and III gastric cancer (GC). Patients and methods Samples were obtained from 661 patients with postoperative stage II and III GC. TS (rs34743033) and RUNX1 (rs2014300) were genotyped in 261 patients who received postoperative basic platinum and fluorouracil chemotherapy regimens and 400 patients who did not accept chemotherapy. Results TS (rs34743033) variant genotypes significantly prolonged the median overall survival (OS) time compared to the patients who only received adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1.604, 95% CI 1.068–2.410, p=0.021). Moreover, 3R/3R variant genotypes were demonstrated to have a positive effect on the OS of patients who received chemotherapy based on cisplatin (HR 1.754, 95% CI 1.041–2.954, p=0.031) compared to oxaliplatin. A stratification analysis indicated that 2R/3R and 2R/2R variant genotypes were associated with inferior survival in GC patients with intestinal-type tumors, tumor less than 5 cm in size, and poorly differentiated tumors (p<0.05). However, RUNX1 (rs2014300) AA genotypes markedly increased the risk of death in GC patients compared with the GG/GA genotypes (p=0.007), but no significant difference was observed between chemotherapy based on platinum. The stratification analysis showed that the GA/AA genotype was significantly associated with inferior survival in well to moderately differentiated tumors (HR 2.001, 95% CI 1.082–3.703, p=0.023). Conclusion These preliminary results indicated that the two polymorphisms had a significant effect on postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. TS (rs34743033) and RUNX1 (rs2014300) may be used as biomarkers to predict prognosis and select chemotherapy regimens in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Han
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu,People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center, Xuyi People's Hospital, Xuyi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsun Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Su
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu,People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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17
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The interplay between critical transcription factors and microRNAs in the control of normal and malignant myelopoiesis. Cancer Lett 2018; 427:28-37. [PMID: 29673909 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myelopoiesis is a complex process driven by essential transcription factors, including C/EBPα, PU.1, RUNX1, KLF4 and IRF8. Together, these factors are critical for the control of myeloid progenitor cell expansion and lineage determination in the development of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in a cell type and lineage specific manner. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs fine-tune the expression of hematopoietic lineage-specific transcription factors and drive the lineage decisions of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss recently discovered self-activating and feed-back mechanisms in which transcription factors and miRNAs interact during myeloid cell development. Furthermore, we delineate how some of these mechanisms are affected in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and how disrupted transcription factor-miRNA interplays contribute to leukemogenesis.
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18
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Ramsey J, Butnor K, Peng Z, Leclair T, van der Velden J, Stein G, Lian J, Kinsey CM. Loss of RUNX1 is associated with aggressive lung adenocarcinomas. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:3487-3497. [PMID: 28926105 PMCID: PMC5989135 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian runt-related factor 1 (RUNX1) is a master transcription factor that regulates lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells. RUNX1 translocations result in the development of myeloid leukemias. Recently, RUNX1 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in other cancers. We postulated RUNX1 expression may be associated with lung adenocarcinoma etiology and/or progression. We evaluated the association of RUNX1 mRNA expression with overall survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a publically available database. Compared to high expression levels, Low RUNX1 levels from lung adenocarcinomas were associated with a worse overall survival (Hazard Ratio = 2.014 (1.042-3.730 95% confidence interval), log-rank p = 0.035) compared to those that expressed high RUNX1 levels. Further immunohistochemical examination of 85 surgical specimens resected at the University of Vermont Medical Center identified that low RUNX1 protein expression was associated with larger tumors (p = 0.038). Gene expression network analysis was performed on the same subset of TCGA cases that demonstrated differential survival by RUNX1 expression. This analysis, which reveals regulatory relationships, showed that reduced RUNX1 levels were closely linked to upregulation of the transcription factor E2F1. To interrogate this relationship, RUNX1 was depleted in a lung cancer cell line that expresses high levels of RUNX1. Loss of RUNX1 resulted in enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion. RUNX1 depletion also resulted in increased mRNA expression of E2F1 and multiple E2F1 target genes. Our data implicate loss of RUNX1 as driver of lung adenocarcinoma aggression, potentially through deregulation of the E2F1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ramsey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington VT
| | - Zhihua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Tim Leclair
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington VT
| | - Gary Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Jane Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - C. Matthew Kinsey
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington VT
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19
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Houshmand M, Nakhlestani Hagh M, Soleimani M, Hamidieh AA, Abroun S, Nikougoftar Zarif M. MicroRNA Microarray Profiling during Megakaryocyte Differentiation of Cord Blood CD133+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:195-203. [PMID: 29633597 PMCID: PMC5893291 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective In order to clarify the role of microRNAs (miRNA) in megakaryocyte differentiation, we ran a microRNA microarray
experiment to measure the expression level of 961 human miRNA in megakaryocytes differentiated from human umbilical
cord blood CD133+ cells.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells were collected from three
human umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples, and then differentiated to the megakaryocytic lineage and characterized
by flow cytometry, CFU-assay and ploidy analysis. Subsequently, microarray analysis was undertaken followed by
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to validate differentially expressed miRNA identified in the microarray
analysis.
Results A total of 10 and 14 miRNAs were upregulated (e.g. miR-1246 and miR-148-a) and down-regulated (e.g. miR-
551b and miR-10a) respectively during megakaryocyte differentiation, all of which were confirmed by qPCR. Analysis
of targets of these miRNA showed that the majority of targets are transcription factors involved in megakaryopoiesis.
Conclusion We conclude that miRNA play an important role in megakaryocyte differentiation and may be used as
targets to change the rate of differentiation and further our understanding of the biology of megakaryocyte commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mozhde Nakhlestani Hagh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Rossetti S, Anauo MJ, Sacchi N. MiR-221-regulated KIT level by wild type or leukemia mutant RUNX1: a determinant of single myeloblast fate decisions that - collectively - drives or hinders granulopoiesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85783-85793. [PMID: 29156756 PMCID: PMC5689646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1, a master transcription factor of hematopoiesis, was shown to orchestrate both cell proliferation and differentiation during granulopoiesis by regulating microRNAs (miRs). In this study, taking advantage of the miR-ON reporter system, we monitored first, how the granulocyte colony stimulation factor (GCSF) temporally modulates the concomitant level variation of miR-221 and one of its prototypic targets, the stem cell factor receptor KIT, in single 32DmiR-ON-221 myeloblasts expressing wild type RUNX1. Second, with the same reporter system we assessed how these temporal dynamics are affected by the t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myelogenous leukemia mutant RUNX1-MTG8 (RM8) in single 32D-RM8miR-ON-221 myeloblasts. Depending on either wild type, or mutant, RUNX1 transcriptional regulation, the cell-context specific miR-221-regulated KIT level translates into differential single cell fate decisions. Collectively, single cell fate choices translate into either initial expansion of undifferentiated myeloblasts followed by terminal granulocyte differentiation, as it happens in normal granulopoiesis, or aggressive growth of undifferentiated myeloblasts, as it happens in RUNX1-MTG8-positive acute myelogenous leukemia. Increasing knowledge of biological changes, due to altered miRNA dynamics, is expected to have relevant translational implications for leukemia detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossetti
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Michael J Anauo
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Nicoletta Sacchi
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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21
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Neil JC, Hay J, Borland G. RUNX oncoproteins and miRNA networks. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62818-62819. [PMID: 28968950 PMCID: PMC5609882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James C Neil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jodie Hay
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian Borland
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Adamaki M, Vlahopoulos S, Lambrou GI, Papavassiliou AG, Moschovi M. Aberrant AML1 gene expression in the diagnosis of childhood leukemias not characterized by AML1-involved cytogenetic abnormalities. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694308. [PMID: 28349830 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The AML1 ( acute myeloid leukemia 1) gene, a necessary prerequisite of embryonic hematopoiesis and a critical regulator of normal hematopoietic development, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human leukemia, involving over 50 chromosome translocations and over 20 partner genes. In the few existing studies investigating AML1 gene expression in childhood leukemias, aberrant upregulation seems to specifically associate with AML1 translocations and amplifications. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression also extends to other leukemic subtypes than the ones karyotypically involving AML1. We use quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction methodology to investigate gene expression in 100 children with acute leukemias and compare them to those of healthy controls. We show that in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AML1 gene overexpression is associated with a variety of leukemic subtypes, both immunophenotypically and cytogenetically. Statistically significantly higher transcripts of the gene were detected in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia group as compared to the acute myeloid leukemia group, where AML1 overexpression appeared to associate with cytogenetic abnormalities additional to those that engage the AML1 gene, or that are reported as showing a "normal" karyotype. Collectively, our study shows that AML1 gene overexpression characterizes a broader range of leukemic subtypes than previously thought, including various maturation stages of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cytogenetic types additional to those involving the AML1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adamaki
- 1 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- 1 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George I Lambrou
- 1 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- 2 Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Moschovi
- 1 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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23
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Runx transcription factors in the development and function of the definitive hematopoietic system. Blood 2017; 129:2061-2069. [PMID: 28179276 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-689109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runx family of transcription factors (Runx1, Runx2, and Runx3) are highly conserved and encode proteins involved in a variety of cell lineages, including blood and blood-related cell lineages, during developmental and adult stages of life. They perform activation and repressive functions in the regulation of gene expression. The requirement for Runx1 in the normal hematopoietic development and its dysregulation through chromosomal translocations and loss-of-function mutations as found in acute myeloid leukemias highlight the importance of this transcription factor in the healthy blood system. Whereas another review will focus on the role of Runx factors in leukemias, this review will provide an overview of the normal regulation and function of Runx factors in hematopoiesis and focus particularly on the biological effects of Runx1 in the generation of hematopoietic stem cells. We will present the current knowledge of the structure and regulatory features directing lineage-specific expression of Runx genes, the models of embryonic and adult hematopoietic development that provide information on their function, and some of the mechanisms by which they affect hematopoietic function.
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24
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Kohrs N, Kolodziej S, Kuvardina ON, Herglotz J, Yillah J, Herkt S, Piechatzek A, Salinas Riester G, Lingner T, Wichmann C, Bonig H, Seifried E, Platzbecker U, Medyouf H, Grez M, Lausen J. MiR144/451 Expression Is Repressed by RUNX1 During Megakaryopoiesis and Disturbed by RUNX1/ETO. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005946. [PMID: 26990877 PMCID: PMC4798443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A network of lineage-specific transcription factors and microRNAs tightly regulates differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells along the distinct lineages. Deregulation of this regulatory network contributes to impaired lineage fidelity and leukemogenesis. We found that the hematopoietic master regulator RUNX1 controls the expression of certain microRNAs, of importance during erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation. In particular, we show that the erythorid miR144/451 cluster is epigenetically repressed by RUNX1 during megakaryopoiesis. Furthermore, the leukemogenic RUNX1/ETO fusion protein transcriptionally represses the miR144/451 pre-microRNA. Thus RUNX1/ETO contributes to increased expression of miR451 target genes and interferes with normal gene expression during differentiation. Furthermore, we observed that inhibition of RUNX1/ETO in Kasumi1 cells and in RUNX1/ETO positive primary acute myeloid leukemia patient samples leads to up-regulation of miR144/451. RUNX1 thus emerges as a key regulator of a microRNA network, driving differentiation at the megakaryocytic/erythroid branching point. The network is disturbed by the leukemogenic RUNX1/ETO fusion product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kohrs
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Kolodziej
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olga N. Kuvardina
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Herglotz
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Yillah
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herkt
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Piechatzek
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Lingner
- Medical-University Goettingen, Transcriptome Analysis Laboratory, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hind Medyouf
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuel Grez
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Browne G, Dragon JA, Hong D, Messier TL, Gordon JAR, Farina NH, Boyd JR, VanOudenhove JJ, Perez AW, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. MicroRNA-378-mediated suppression of Runx1 alleviates the aggressive phenotype of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8825-39. [PMID: 26749280 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runx1 transcription factor, known for its essential role in normal hematopoiesis, was reported in limited studies to be mutated or associated with human breast tumor tissues. Runx1 increases concomitantly with disease progression in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Compelling questions relate to mechanisms that regulate Runx1 expression in breast cancer. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of Runx1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) allows for pathologic increase of Runx1 during breast cancer progression. Microarray profiling of the MMTV-PyMT model revealed significant downregulation of numerous miRNAs predicted to target Runx1. One of these, miR-378, was inversely correlated with Runx1 expression during breast cancer progression in mice and in human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 that represent early- and late-stage diseases, respectively. MiR-378 is nearly absent in MDA-MB-231 cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-378 binds the Runx1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and inhibits Runx1 expression. Functionally, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-378 in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited Runx1 and suppressed migration and invasion, while inhibition of miR-378 in MCF7 cells increased Runx1 levels and cell migration. Depletion of Runx1 in late-stage breast cancer cells resulted in increased expression of both the miR-378 host gene PPARGC1B and pre-miR-378, suggesting a feedback loop. Taken together, our study identifies a novel and clinically relevant mechanism for regulation of Runx1 in breast cancer that is mediated by a PPARGC1B-miR-378-Runx1 regulatory pathway. Our results highlight the translational potential of miRNA replacement therapy for inhibiting Runx1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Terri L Messier
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan A R Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H Farina
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joseph R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jennifer J VanOudenhove
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Andrew W Perez
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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26
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Logan TT, Rusnak M, Symes AJ. Runx1 promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult mouse neurosphere cultures. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:554-564. [PMID: 26473321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury alters the signaling environment of the adult neurogenic niche and may activate unique proliferative cell populations that contribute to the post-injury neurogenic response. Runx1 is not normally expressed by adult neural stem or progenitor cells (NSPCs) but is induced in a subpopulation of putative NSPCs after brain injury in adult mice. In order to investigate the role of Runx1 in NSPCs, we established neurosphere cultures of adult mouse subventricular zone NSPCs. We show that Runx1 is basally expressed in neurosphere culture. Removal of the mitogen bFGF or addition of 1% FBS decreased Runx1 expression. Inhibition of endogenous Runx1 activity with either Ro5-3335 or shRNA-mediated Runx1 knockdown inhibited NSPC proliferation without affecting differentiation. Lentiviral mediated over-expression of Runx1 in neurospheres caused a significant change in cell morphology without reducing proliferation. Runx1-overexpressing neurospheres changed from floating spheres to adherent colonies or individual unipolar or bipolar cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that Runx1 over-expression produced a significant increase in expression of the neuronal marker TuJ1 and a minor increase in the astrocytic marker S100β. Thus, Runx1 expression drove adult NSPC differentiation, predominantly toward a neuronal lineage. These data suggest that Runx1 could be manipulated after injury to promote neuronal differentiation to facilitate repair of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Lu J, Yin J, Dong R, Yang T, Yuan L, Zang L, Xu C, Peng B, Zhao J, Du X. Targeted sequencing of cancer-associated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma using next generation sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4678-4682. [PMID: 26096009 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major histological subtype among types of primary liver cancer. China is an area of high incidence of HCC, and >50% of the cases of HCC worldwide are in China. At present, the mechanism underlying the development of HCC remains to be fully elucidated, and previous studies have predominantly focused on HCC in southern and eastern China, with molecular data of the HCC cases in Western China remains limited. In the present study, a panel of 372 cancer‑associated genes were screened using a next generation sequencing platform, which included a total of 12 cases from western China. The results confirmed mutations in previously identified HCC drivers, including p53 and Kras. Additionally, mutations in several cancer genes, which had not been previously associated with HCC, were identified, including RUNX1 and JAK3. The present study provided a mutation spectrum of HCC tissue in cases from western China, assisting in the investigation of the mechanism of liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jikai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Li Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiangman Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Du
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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28
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Song X, Zhao X, Huang Y, Xiang H, Zhang W, Tong D. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection alters the expression of cellular microRNA species that affect transcription of TGEV gene 7. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:913-22. [PMID: 26157346 PMCID: PMC4495409 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a member of Coronaviridae family. TGEV infection has emerged as a major cause of severe gastroenteritis and leads to alterations of many cellular processes. Meanwhile, the pathogenic mechanism of TGEV is still unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small non-coding RNAs which are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes such as viral infection and cell apoptosis. Accumulating data show that miRNAs are involved in the process of coronavirus infection such as replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, the link between miRNAs and TGEV infection is unknown. In this study, we performed microRNA microarray assay and predicted targets of altered miRNAs. The results showed TGEV infection caused the change of miRNAs profile. Then we selected miR-4331 for further analysis and subsequently identified cell division cycle-associated protein 7 (CDCA7) as the target of miR-4331. Moreover, miR-4331 showed the ability to inhibit transcription of TGEV gene 7 (a non-structure gene) via directly targeting CDCA7. In conclusion, differentially expressed miR-4331 that is caused by TGEV infection can suppress transcription of TGEV gene 7 via targeting cellular CDCA7. Our key finding is that TGEV selectively manipulates the expression of some cellular miRNAs to regulate its subgenomic transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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29
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Kara M, Yumrutas O, Ozcan O, Celik OI, Bozgeyik E, Bozgeyik I, Tasdemir S. Differential expressions of cancer-associated genes and their regulatory miRNAs in colorectal carcinoma. Gene 2015; 567:81-6. [PMID: 25925209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the frequently seen malignancies in the world. To date, several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified and linked to colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Although recent advances in the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer are promising, identifying novel genetic contributors is still high priority. In the present study, expression profile of some cancer-related genes and their regulatory miRNA molecules were evaluated by using a high-throughput real-time PCR method. For the study, a total of 54 patients diagnosed with CRC and normal colon tissue samples of 42 healthy controls were included. For the expression analysis, total RNA was extracted from FFPE tissue samples and converted to cDNA. All expression analyses were assessed by using Fluidigm Microfluidic Dynamic Array chips for 96 samples and the reactions were held in Fluidigm BioMark™ HD System Real-Time PCR. As a result of the study, expression of the ADAMTS1, FHIT, RUNX1, RUNX3 and WWOX genes was shown to be significantly altered in CRC tissues in contrast to normal tissue samples. Moreover, miR-378a-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-193b-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-133b, miR-203a, miR-205-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-301a-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p were found to be significantly deregulated in CRC. Consequently, results of the current study strongly suggest the involvement of novel cancer-related genes and their regulatory miRNAs in CRC physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Onder Yumrutas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Onder Ozcan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ilhan Celik
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Sener Tasdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Fischer J, Rossetti S, Datta A, Eng K, Beghini A, Sacchi N. miR-17 deregulates a core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism of CBF acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:7. [PMID: 25612891 PMCID: PMC4351976 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-014-0283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Core Binding Factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) with t(8;21) RUNX1-MTG8 or inv(16) CBFB-MYH11 fusion proteins often show upregulation of wild type or mutated KIT receptor. However, also non-CBF-AML frequently displays upregulated KIT expression. In the first part of this study we show that KIT expression can be also upregulated by miR-17, a regulator of RUNX1, the gene encoding a CBF subunit. Interestingly, both CBF leukemia fusion proteins and miR-17, which targets RUNX1-3′UTR, negatively affect a common core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism that forces myeloid cells into an undifferentiated, KIT-induced, proliferating state. In the second part of this study we took advantage of the conservation of the core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism in mouse and human, to mechanistically demonstrate in a mouse myeloid cell model that increased KIT-induced proliferation is per se a mechanism sufficient to delay myeloid differentiation. Methods Human (U937) or mouse (32D) myeloid clonal lines were used, respectively, to test: 1) the effect of RUNX1-MTG8 and CBFB-MYH11 fusion proteins, or upregulation of miR-17, on KIT-induced proliferation and myeloid differentiation, and 2) the effect of upregulation of KIT-induced proliferation per se on myeloid cell differentiation. Results In the first part of this study we found that stable miR-17 upregulation affects, like the CBF-AML fusion proteins (RUNX1-MTG8 or CBFB-MYH11), a core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism leading to KIT-induced proliferation of differentiation-arrested U937 myeloid cells. In the second part of the study we harnessed the conservation of this core mechanism in human and mouse to demonstrate that the extent of KIT upregulation in 32D mouse myeloid cells with wild type RUNX1 can per se delay G-CSF-induced differentiation. The integrated information gathered from the two myeloid cell models shows that RUNX1 regulates myeloid differentiation not only by direct transcriptional regulation of coding and non-coding myeloid differentiation functions (e.g. miR-223), but also by modulating KIT-induced proliferation via non-coding miRNAs (e.g. miR-221). Conclusions The novelty of this study is dual. On the one hand, miRNAs (e.g. miR-17) can mimic the effects of CBF-AML fusion proteins by affecting a core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism of KIT-induced proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid cells. On the other hand, the extent of KIT-induced proliferation itself can modulate myeloid differentiation of cells with wild type RUNX1 function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-014-0283-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Nah GSS, Tay BH, Brenner S, Osato M, Venkatesh B. Characterization of the Runx gene family in a jawless vertebrate, the Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron japonicum). PLoS One 2014; 9:e113445. [PMID: 25405766 PMCID: PMC4236176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclostomes (jawless vertebrates), comprising lampreys and hagfishes, are the sister group of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and are hence an important group for the study of vertebrate evolution. In mammals, three Runx genes, Runx1, Runx2 and Runx3, encode transcription factors that are essential for cell proliferation and differentiation in major developmental pathways such as haematopoiesis, skeletogenesis and neurogenesis and are frequently associated with diseases. We describe here the characterization of Runx gene family members from a cyclostome, the Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron japonicum). The Japanese lamprey contains three Runx genes, RunxA, RunxB, and RunxC. However, phylogenetic and synteny analyses suggest that they are not one-to-one orthologs of gnathostome Runx1, Runx2 and Runx3. The major protein domains and motifs found in gnathostome Runx proteins are highly conserved in the lamprey Runx proteins. Although all gnathostome Runx genes each contain two alternative promoters, P1 (distal) and P2 (proximal), only lamprey RunxB possesses the alternative promoters; lamprey RunxA and RunxC contain only P2 and P1 promoter, respectively. Furthermore, the three lamprey Runx genes give rise to fewer alternative isoforms than the three gnathostome Runx genes. The promoters of the lamprey Runx genes lack the tandem Runx-binding motifs that are highly conserved among the P1 promoters of gnathostome Runx1, Runx2 and Runx3 genes; instead these promoters contain dispersed single Runx-binding motifs. The 3'UTR of lamprey RunxB contains binding sites for miR-27 and miR-130b/301ab, which are conserved in mammalian Runx1 and Runx3, respectively. Overall, the Runx genes in lamprey seem to have experienced a different evolutionary trajectory from that of gnathostome Runx genes which are highly conserved all the way from cartilaginous fishes to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Sek Suan Nah
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Hui Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sydney Brenner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (MO); (BV)
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (MO); (BV)
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Xie J. Differential evolution of signal-responsive RNA elements and upstream factors that control alternative splicing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4347-60. [PMID: 25064062 PMCID: PMC11113106 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell signal-regulated alternative splicing occurs for many genes but the evolutionary origin of the regulatory components and their relationship remain unclear. This review focuses on the alternative splicing components of several systems based on the available bioinformatics data. Eight mammalian RNA elements for signal-regulated splicing were aligned among corresponding sequences from dozens of representative vertebrate species to allow for assessment of the trends in evolutionary changes. Four distinct trends were observed. Four of the elements are highly conserved in bird, reptile and fish species examined (i); two elements can be found in fish but the sequences have been changing till in marsupials or higher mammals (ii); one element is almost exclusively found in mammals with mostly the same sequence (iii); and one element can be found in birds or lower vertebrates but expanded abruptly to have variable numbers of copies in mammals (iv). All examined prototype trans-acting factors and protein kinases emerged earlier than the RNA elements but additional (paralog) factors emerged in the same or later species. Thus, after their emergence mainly in fish or mammals with pre-existing prototype trans-acting factors/kinases, half of the elements have been highly conserved from fish to humans but the other half have evolved differentially with additional trans-acting factors. Their differential evolution likely contributes to the exon- and species/class-specific control of alternative splicing and its regulation by cell signals. The evolvement of a group of mammal-specific components would help relay signals from extracellular stimuli to the splicing machinery and thus contribute to higher proteomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyong Xie
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada,
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Wang H, Li W, Guo R, Sun J, Cui J, Wang G, Hoffman AR, Hu JF. An intragenic long noncoding RNA interacts epigenetically with the RUNX1 promoter and enhancer chromatin DNA in hematopoietic malignancies. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2783-94. [PMID: 24752773 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RUNX1, a master regulator of hematopoiesis, is the most commonly perturbed target of chromosomal abnormalities in hematopoietic malignancies. The t(8;21) translocation is found in 30-40% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recent whole-exome sequencing also reveals mutations and deletions of RUNX1 in some solid tumors. We describe a RUNX1-intragenic long noncoding RNA RUNXOR that is transcribed as unspliced transcript from an upstream overlapping promoter. RUNXOR was upregulated in AML samples and in response to Ara-C treatment in vitro. RUNXOR utilizes its 3'-terminal fragment to directly interact with the RUNX1 promoter and enhancers and participates in the orchestration of an intrachromosomal loop. The 3' region of RUNXOR also participates in long-range interchromosomal interactions with chromatin regions that are involved in multiple RUNX1 translocations. These data suggest that RUNXOR noncoding RNA may function as a previously unidentified candidate component that is involved in chromosomal translocation in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA
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Nah GSS, Lim ZW, Tay BH, Osato M, Venkatesh B. Runx family genes in a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii). PLoS One 2014; 9:e93816. [PMID: 24699678 PMCID: PMC3974841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Runx family genes encode transcription factors that play key roles in hematopoiesis, skeletogenesis and neurogenesis and are often implicated in diseases. We describe here the cloning and characterization of Runx1, Runx2, Runx3 and Runxb genes in the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), a member of Chondrichthyes, the oldest living group of jawed vertebrates. Through the use of alternative promoters and/or alternative splicing, each of the elephant shark Runx genes expresses multiple isoforms similar to their orthologs in human and other bony vertebrates. The expression profiles of elephant shark Runx genes are similar to those of mammalian Runx genes. The syntenic blocks of genes at the elephant shark Runx gene loci are highly conserved in human, but represented by shorter conserved blocks in zebrafish indicating a higher degree of rearrangements in this teleost fish. Analysis of promoter regions revealed conservation of binding sites for transcription factors, including two tandem binding sites for Runx that are totally conserved in the distal promoter regions of elephant shark Runx1-3. Several conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), which are putative cis-regulatory elements, and miRNA binding sites were identified in the elephant shark and human Runx gene loci. Some of these CNEs and miRNA binding sites are absent in teleost fishes such as zebrafish and fugu. In summary, our analysis reveals that the genomic organization and expression profiles of Runx genes were already complex in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Sek Suan Nah
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Hui Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (MO); (BV)
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (MO); (BV)
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Long and short non-coding RNAs as regulators of hematopoietic differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14744-70. [PMID: 23860209 PMCID: PMC3742271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analyses estimated that the proportion of the genome encoding proteins corresponds to approximately 1.5%, while at least 66% are transcribed, suggesting that many non-coding DNA-regions generate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The relevance of these ncRNAs in biological, physiological as well as in pathological processes increased over the last two decades with the understanding of their implication in complex regulatory networks. This review particularly focuses on the involvement of two large families of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of hematopoiesis. To date, miRNAs have been widely studied, leading to a wealth of data about processing, regulation and mechanisms of action and more specifically, their involvement in hematopoietic differentiation. Notably, the interaction of miRNAs with the regulatory network of transcription factors is well documented whereas roles, regulation and mechanisms of lncRNAs remain largely unexplored in hematopoiesis; this review gathers current data about lncRNAs as well as both potential and confirmed roles in normal and pathological hematopoiesis.
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Nephroangiography in Wegener's granulumatosis. A comparison with panarteritis nodosa. Cancer Epidemiol 1976; 60:67-76. [PMID: 3092 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of Wegener's granulomatosis with a classical course are described, 2 of which with fatal outcome in spite of immuno-suppressive therapy. Nephroangiography was performed during the oliguric or anuric phase. The appearances were similar to those encountered in glomerulonephritis and were compared with those in three cases of panarteritis nodosa. Two of these represented the classical form with intrarenal arterial aneurysms; the third was a case of the microscopic type presenting blurred intrarenal arteries with lumen variations and occlusions. These observations support the opinion that Wegener's granulomatosis nodosa are different diseases. Nephroangiography seems to be of value in their differentiation.
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