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Eghtedari AR, Vaezi MA, Safizadeh B, Ghasempour G, Babaheidarian P, Salimi V, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. Evaluation of the expression pattern and diagnostic value of PPARγ in malignant and benign primary bone tumors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:746. [PMID: 35922782 PMCID: PMC9347110 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The quantifiable description of PPARγ expression pattern beside mechanistic in-vitro evidence will provide insights into the involvement of this mediator in tumor pathogenesis. This study is focused on illuminating the PPARγ gene and protein expression pattern, its association with tumor deterioration and its diagnostic value in different types of primary bone tumors. METHODS The expression pattern of PPARγ was investigated in the 180 bone tissues including 90 bone tumor tissues and 90 non-cancerous bone tissues. The local PPARγ expression level was assessed using real-time qRT-PCR and the PPARγ protein expression pattern was measured using immunohistochemistry. The correlation of PPARγ expression level with patients' clinic-pathological features, also the value of the variables in predicting PPARγ expression level in tumors and the value of PPARγ to discriminate tumor subtypes were assessed. RESULTS The mean PPARγ mRNA expression was significantly higher in bone tumors compared to healthy bone tissues, also the malignant tumors including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma had the elevated level of PPARγ mRNA compared to GCT tumors. Consistently, the protein expression of PPARγ in the tumor site was significantly higher in the bone tumors and malignant tumors compared to non-cancerous and benign tumors, respectively. The PPARγ protein could predict malignant tumor features including tumor grade, metastasis and recurrence significantly. Moreover, PPARγ could potentially discriminate the patients from the controls also malignant tumors from benign tumors with significant sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS PPARγ might be involved in primary bone tumor pathogenesis and determining its molecular mechanism regarding bone cancer pathogenesis is of grave importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Eghtedari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Safizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasempour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
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Yin J, Lin C, Jiang M, Tang X, Xie D, Chen J, Ke R. CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4, MRPL3 are four novel hub genes and may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15610. [PMID: 34341433 PMCID: PMC8328991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly prevalent disease among women worldwide, breast cancer remains in urgent need of further elucidation its molecular mechanisms to improve the patient outcomes. Identifying hub genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer can potentially help to unveil mechanism and also provide novel diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this study, we integrated multiple bioinformatic methods and RNA in situ detection technology to identify and validate hub genes. EZH2 was recognized as a key gene by PPI network analysis. CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4, MRPL3 were identified as four novel hub genes through the WGCNA analysis and literate search. Among these, many studies on EZH2 in breast cancer have been reported, but no studies are related to the roles of CENPL, ISG20L2, MRPL3 and LSM4 in breast cancer. These four novel hub genes were up-regulated in tumor tissues and associated with cancer progression. The receiver operating characteristic analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that these four hub genes are promising candidate genes that can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Moreover, these four newly identified hub genes as aberrant molecules in the maintenance of breast cancer development, their exact functional mechanisms deserve further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Yin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Xinbin Tang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Danlin Xie
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Rongqin Ke
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China.
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3
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Shao W, Kuhn C, Mayr D, Ditsch N, Kailuwait M, Wolf V, Harbeck N, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Cavaillès V, Sixou S. Cytoplasmic PPARγ is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with Cox-1 negative primary breast cancers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:94. [PMID: 32085795 PMCID: PMC7035771 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ, together with that of the cyclooxygenases Cox-1 and Cox-2, in breast cancer (BC) tissues and to correlate the data with several clinicobiological parameters including patient survival. Methods In a well characterized cohort of 308 primary BC, PPARγ, Cox-1 and Cox-2 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations with clinicopathological and aggressiveness features were analyzed, as well as survival using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results PPARγ was expressed in almost 58% of the samples with a predominant cytoplasmic location. Cox-1 and Cox-2 were exclusively cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic PPARγ was inversely correlated with nuclear PPARγ and ER expression, but positively with Cox-1, Cox-2, and other high-risk markers of BC, e.g. HER2, CD133, and N-cadherin. Overall survival analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic PPARγ had a strong correlation with poor survival in the whole cohort, and even stronger in the subgroup of patients with no Cox-1 expression where cytoplasmic PPARγ expression appeared as an independent marker of poor prognosis. In support of this cross-talk between PPARγ and Cox-1, we found that Cox-1 became a marker of good prognosis only when cytoplasmic PPARγ was expressed at high levels. Conclusion Altogether, these data suggest that the relative expression of cytoplasmic PPARγ and Cox-1 may play an important role in oncogenesis and could be defined as a potential prognosis marker to identify specific high risk BC subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Shao
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kailuwait
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Wolf
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM-Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sophie Sixou
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France.,Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31037, Toulouse, France
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Long ME, Gong KQ, Eddy WE, Volk JS, Morrell ED, Mikacenic C, West TE, Skerrett SJ, Charron J, Liles WC, Manicone AM. MEK1 regulates pulmonary macrophage inflammatory responses and resolution of acute lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132377. [PMID: 31801908 PMCID: PMC6962022 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway has been implicated in regulating the inflammatory response to lung injury and infection, and pharmacologic MEK1/2 inhibitor compounds are reported to reduce detrimental inflammation in multiple animal models of disease, in part through modulation of leukocyte responses. However, the specific contribution of myeloid MEK1 in regulating acute lung injury (ALI) and its resolution remain unknown. Here, the role of myeloid Mek1 was investigated in a murine model of LPS-induced ALI (LPS-ALI) by genetic deletion using the Cre-floxed system (LysMCre × Mekfl), and human alveolar macrophages from healthy volunteers and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were obtained to assess activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Myeloid Mek1 deletion results in a failure to resolve LPS-ALI, and alveolar macrophages lacking MEK1 had increased activation of MEK2 and the downstream target ERK1/2 on day 4 of LPS-ALI. The clinical significance of these findings is supported by increased activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway in alveolar macrophages from patients with ARDS compared with alveolar macrophages from healthy volunteers. This study reveals a critical role for myeloid MEK1 in promoting resolution of LPS-ALI and controlling the duration of macrophage proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Long
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ke-Qin Gong
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William E. Eddy
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph S. Volk
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric D. Morrell
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carmen Mikacenic
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - T. Eoin West
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shawn J. Skerrett
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jean Charron
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne M. Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Díaz Acosta CC, Dias AA, Rosa TLSA, Batista-Silva LR, Rosa PS, Toledo-Pinto TG, Costa FDMR, Lara FA, Rodrigues LS, Mattos KA, Sarno EN, Bozza PT, Guilhot C, de Berrêdo-Pinho M, Pessolani MCV. PGL I expression in live bacteria allows activation of a CD206/PPARγ cross-talk that may contribute to successful Mycobacterium leprae colonization of peripheral nerves. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007151. [PMID: 29979790 PMCID: PMC6056075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacillus, infects Schwann cells (SCs), leading to peripheral nerve damage, the most severe leprosy symptom. In the present study, we revisited the involvement of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL I), an abundant, private, surface M. leprae molecule, in M. leprae-SC interaction by using a recombinant strain of M. bovis BCG engineered to express this glycolipid. We demonstrate that PGL I is essential for bacterial adhesion and SC internalization. We also show that live mycobacterium-producing PGL I induces the expression of the endocytic mannose receptor (MR/CD206) in infected cells in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent manner. Of note, blocking mannose recognition decreased bacterial entry and survival, pointing to a role for this alternative recognition pathway in bacterial pathogenesis in the nerve. Moreover, an active crosstalk between CD206 and the nuclear receptor PPARγ was detected that led to the induction of lipid droplets (LDs) formation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), previously described as fundamental players in bacterial pathogenesis. Finally, this pathway was shown to induce IL-8 secretion. Altogether, our study provides evidence that the entry of live M. leprae through PGL I recognition modulates the SC phenotype, favoring intracellular bacterial persistence with the concomitant secretion of inflammatory mediators that may ultimately be involved in neuroinflammation. Nerve damage is the most severe symptom of leprosy, an ancient disease that continues to be a major health problem in several countries. Nerve damage is due to the ability of Mycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent, to invade SCs, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. Understanding the molecular basis of M. leprae–SC interaction is essential for the creation of new tools aiming to treat and, above all, prevent leprosy neuropathy. This study demonstrates the critical role of PGL I, an M. leprae-abundant specific cell wall lipid, in establishing infection. PGL I is not only a prerequisite in initiating bacterial adhesion to and subsequent invasion of SCs, but also for changing the repertoire of cell surface proteins to allow for the entrance of bacteria via alternative pathways. These new invasive pathways induced by PGL I involve recognition of other bacterial cell surface glycolipids that, in turn, evoke functional changes in the infected cell, including the accumulation of host cell-derived lipids, which favor bacterial survival. These pathways also promote the secretion of inflammatory mediators that may contribute to nerve damage. In an era of translational-oriented research, exploring these receptors in depth could lead to the development of attractive strategies to ensure the targeted intracellular delivery of therapeutics aiming to prevent neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Alves Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Flávio Alves Lara
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Tecalco-Cruz AC. Molecular pathways involved in the transport of nuclear receptors from the nucleus to cytoplasm. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:36-44. [PMID: 29107180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription regulators that direct the expression of many genes linked to cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, some cellular events are also modulated by signaling pathways induced by NRs outside of the nucleus. Hence, the subcellular transport of NRs is dynamic and is modulated by several signals, protein-protein interactions, and posttranslational modifications. Particularly, the exit of NRs from the nucleus to cytoplasm and/or other compartments is transcendental, as it is this export event, which determines their abundance in the cells' compartments, the activation or attenuation of nuclear or extranuclear pathways, and the magnitude and duration of their effects inside or outside of the nucleus. Consequently, an adequate control of the distribution of NRs is critical for homeostasis, because a deregulation in the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of NRs could be involved in diseases including cancer as well as metabolic and vascular alterations. In this review, we investigated the pathways and molecular and biological aspects that have been described for the nuclear export of NRs so far and their functional relevance in some diseases. This information suggests that the transport of NRs out of the nucleus is a key mechanism for the identification of new therapeutic targets for alterations associated with the deregulation of the function of NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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Qi M, Liu D, Zhang S, Hu P, Sang T. Inhibition of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-mediated p27 degradation suppresses tumorigenesis and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3934-40. [PMID: 25572801 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the protein expression of S‑phase kinase‑associated protein 2 (Skp2) and p27kip1, and to evaluate their possible prognostic values in malignant liver cancer, tissue samples from 50 patients and 40 controls were assessed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Positive expression of Skp2 was observed in 35 (70.0%) of the hepatocellular carcinoma samples; however, the positive expression of p27kip1 was observed in 6 (15.0%) of the hepatocellular carcinoma samples. The expression of Skp2 was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of p27 (P<0.01). The results from Annexin V‑propidium iodide staining and MTT assays indicated that interference of Skp2 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of SSMC‑7721 cells. In addition, the levels of endogenous p27 increased in the HepG2 and SSMC‑7721 cells following transfection with siRNA specific to Skp2, suggesting that the Skp2‑mediated degradation of p27kip1 was important in the proliferation of tumor cells. The present study, therefore, provided a molecular reference for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Department of Digestive System, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Transfusion Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Digestive System, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Peixin Hu
- Department of Digestive System, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Tan Sang
- Department of Hematology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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