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Pinheiro FI, Araújo-Filho I, do Rego ACM, de Azevedo EP, Cobucci RN, Guzen FP. Hepatopancreatic metabolic disorders and their implications in the development of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102250. [PMID: 38417711 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Dementia has been faced with significant public health challenges and economic burdens that urges the need to develop safe and effective interventions. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the relationship between dementia and liver and pancreatic metabolic disorders that result in diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Previous reports have shown that there is a plausible correlation between pathologies caused by hepatopancreatic dysfunctions and dementia. Glucose, insulin and IGF-1 metabolized in the liver and pancreas probably have an important influence on the pathophysiology of the most common dementias: Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. This current review highlights recent studies aimed at identifying convergent mechanisms, such as insulin resistance and other diseases, linked to altered hepatic and pancreatic metabolism, which are capable of causing brain changes that ultimately lead to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the Liga Norte Rio-Grandense Against Cancer
| | - Irami Araújo-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amália C M do Rego
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the Liga Norte Rio-Grandense Against Cancer
| | - Eduardo P de Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Cobucci
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Applied to Women`s Health, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Fausto P Guzen
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Society, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil.
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Singh R, Kaur N, Choubey V, Dhingra N, Kaur T. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and its role in various neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1826:148742. [PMID: 38159591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a critical cellular organelle, maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating calcium levels and orchestrating essential functions such as protein synthesis, folding, and lipid production. A pivotal aspect of ER function is its role in protein quality control. When misfolded proteins accumulate within the ER due to factors like protein folding chaperone dysfunction, toxicity, oxidative stress, or inflammation, it triggers the Unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR involves the activation of chaperones like calnexin, calreticulin, glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), and Glucose-regulating protein 94 (GRP94), along with oxidoreductases like protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). Cells employ the Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) mechanism to counteract protein misfolding. ERAD disruption causes the detachment of GRP78 from transmembrane proteins, initiating a cascade involving Inositol-requiring kinase/endoribonuclease 1 (IRE1), Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathways. The accumulation and deposition of misfolded proteins within the cell are hallmarks of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. These aberrant proteins disrupt normal neuronal signalling and contribute to impaired cellular homeostasis, including oxidative stress and compromised protein degradation pathways. In essence, ER stress is defined as the cellular response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, encompassing a series of signalling pathways and molecular events that aim to restore cellular homeostasis. This comprehensive review explores ER stress and its profound implications for the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljot Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Saaoud F, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Praticò D, Vazquez-Padron RI, Wang H, Yang X. Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers - Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108604. [PMID: 38360205 PMCID: PMC10917129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle that is physiologically responsible for protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid biosynthesis. Pathological stimuli such as oxidative stress, ischemia, disruptions in calcium homeostasis, and increased production of normal and/or folding-defective proteins all contribute to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, causing ER stress. The adaptive response to ER stress is the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), which affect a wide variety of cellular functions to maintain ER homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Three different ER transmembrane sensors, including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), are responsible for initiating UPR. The UPR involves a variety of signal transduction pathways that reduce unfolded protein accumulation by boosting ER-resident chaperones, limiting protein translation, and accelerating unfolded protein degradation. ER is now acknowledged as a critical organelle in sensing dangers and determining cell life and death. On the other hand, UPR plays a critical role in the development and progression of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Here, we critically analyze the most current knowledge of the master regulatory roles of ER stress particularly the PERK pathway as a conditional danger receptor, an organelle crosstalk regulator, and a regulator of protein translation. We highlighted that PERK is not only ER stress regulator by sensing UPR and ER stress but also a frontier sensor and direct senses for gut microbiota-generated metabolites. Our work also further highlighted the function of PERK as a central hub that leads to metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification which further enhanced inflammatory response and promoted trained immunity. Moreover, we highlighted the contribution of ER stress and PERK in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, CVD, kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic target of ER stress and PERK for cancer treatment and the potential novel therapeutic targets for CVD, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of ER stress, by the development of small molecules that target the PERK and UPR, represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Nagar P, Sharma P, Dhapola R, Kumari S, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Life Sci 2023; 330:121983. [PMID: 37524162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that leads to memory loss and cognitive impairment over time. It is characterized by protein misfolding as well as prolonged cellular stress, such as perturbing calcium homeostasis and redox management. Numerous investigations have proven that endoplasmic reticulum failure may exhibit exacerbation of AD pathogenesis in AD patients, in-vivo and in-vitro models. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) participates in a variety of biological functions including folding of protein, quality control, cholesterol production, and maintenance of calcium balance. A diverse range of physiological, pathological and pharmacological substances can interfere with ER activity and thus lead to exaggeration of ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an intracellular signaling network is stimulated due to ER stress. Three stress sensors found in the endoplasmic reticulum, the PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 transducers detect protein misfolding in the ER and trigger UPR, a complex system to maintain homeostasis. ER stress is linked to many of the major pathological processes that are seen in AD, including presenilin1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) gene mutation, tau phosphorylation and β-amyloid formation. The role of ER stress and UPR in the pathophysiology of AD implies that they can be employed as potent therapeutic target. This study shows the relationship between ER and AD and how the pathogenesis of AD is influenced by the impact of ER stress. An effective method for the prevention or treatment of AD may involve therapeutic strategies that modify ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushank Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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Dos Santos FCF, da Costa CS, Graceli JB. Effects of microcystin-LR on mammalian ovaries. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108441. [PMID: 37473929 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The ovaries play critical roles in regulating oocyte maturation and sex steroid hormone production and thus are critical for female reproduction. Ovarian function relies on hormone receptors and signaling pathways, making the ovaries potential targets for environmental factors, such as microcystins (MCs). MCs are a diverse group of cyanobacterial toxins generally found in eutrophic water or algal blooms. Here, we review relevant research on the associations between MC exposure and ovarian dysfunction, including their effects on ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis, steroid production, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and fertility. This review covers the most recent in vitro and in vivo studies in mammals. We also discuss important gaps in the literature. Overall, current evidence indicates that MC exposure causes impairments in ovarian function, but further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which MCs affect ovarian function and other female endocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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Wei C, Benzow K, Koob MD, Gomez CM, Du X. The Transcription Factor, α1ACT, Acts Through a MicroRNA Network to Regulate Neurogenesis and Cell Death During Neonatal Cerebellar Development. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:651-662. [PMID: 35729466 PMCID: PMC10307715 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a class of small RNA regulators, function throughout neurodevelopment, from neural stem cell neurogenesis to neuronal maturation, synaptic formation, and plasticity. α1ACT, a transcription factor (TF), plays a critical role in neonatal cerebellar development by regulating an ensemble of genes. Of these, ChIP-seq analysis matched near 50% genes directly regulated by α1ACT. Yet, more than half the regulated transcripts lacked direct interaction with α1ACT. To investigate whether α1ACT acts through a microRNA network, we studied α1ACT-associated simultaneous miRNA:mRNA transcriptome profiles, using miRNA-seq paired with RNA-seq. Thirty-one differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) associated with α1ACT-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were profiled in α1ACT-overexpressing PC12 cells and were further validated in neonatal transgenic mouse cerebellum overexpressing α1ACT in a context-dependent manner. Here, we also demonstrated that α1ACT facilitates neurogenesis and development of dendritic synapses and is partially a result of the downregulation of the miR-99 cluster, miR-143, miR-23, miR-146, miR-363, and miR-484. On the other hand, the miR-181, miR-125, and miR-708 clusters were upregulated by α1ACT, which inhibit MAPK signaling and cell death pathways by targeting Ask1, Odc1, Atf4, and Nuf2 for decreased expression. MiR-181a-5p was verified as the most abundant DEM in neonatal cerebellum, which was further induced by α1ACT. Overall, under α1ACT modulation, up-/downregulated miRNA clusters with their paired target genes may form a regulatory network controlling the balance between the neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and cell death in the cerebellum to promote neonatal development. Our findings concerning the α1ACT-related miRNA/mRNA expression profiles in neonatal cerebellum may inform future investigations for cerebellar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenfu Wei
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kellie Benzow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michael D Koob
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Xiaofei Du
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Wan C, Liu XQ, Chen M, Ma HH, Wu GL, Qiao LJ, Cai YF, Zhang SJ. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates Aβ transendothelial transportation through SIRT1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Transl Med 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36670462 PMCID: PMC9854034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), predominantly made up by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), is one of the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, improving BMEC function may be beneficial for AD treatment. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been proved to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction of AD. Herein, we explored how Tan IIA affected the function of BMECs in AD. METHODS Aβ1-42-treated brain-derived endothelium cells.3 (bEnd.3 cells) was employed for in vitro experiments. And we performed molecular docking and qPCR to determine the targeting molecule of Tan IIA on Sirtuins family. The APPswe/PSdE9 (APP/PS1) mice were applied to perform the in vivo experiments. Following the behavioral tests, protein expression was determined through western blot and immunofluorescence. The activities of oxidative stress-related enzymes were analyzed by biochemically kits. Nissl staining and thioflavin T staining were conducted to reflect the neurodegeneration and Aβ deposition respectively. RESULTS Molecular docking and qPCR results showed that Tan IIA mainly acted on Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in Sirtuins family. The inhibitor of SIRT1 (EX527) was employed to further substantiate that Tan IIA could attenuate SIRT1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in BMECs. Behavioral tests suggested that Tan IIA could improve the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Tan IIA administration increased SIRT1 expression and alleviated ER stress in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, LRP1 expression was increased and RAGE expression was decreased after Tan IIA administration in both animals and cells. CONCLUSION Tan IIA could promote Aβ transportation by alleviating SIRT1-mediated ER stress in BMECs, which ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Liu
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Han Ma
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Liang Wu
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Qiao
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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Lee JH, Ji SH, Lim JS, Ahn S, Yun HY, Kim SH, Song JS. Anti-neuroinflammatory Effects and Brain Pharmacokinetic Properties of Selonsertib, an Apoptosis signal-regulating Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3829-3837. [PMID: 36309631 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selonsertib is a first-in-class apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor in clinical trials for treating NASH and diabetic kidney disease due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and brain pharmacokinetic properties of selonsertib. It inhibited inflammatory cytokines and NO production by suppressing phosphorylated ASK1 in the LPS-stimulated microglial cell line, BV2 cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, selonsertib attenuated plasma and brain TNF-α levels in the LPS-induced murine neuroinflammation model. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of selonsertib were conducted in support of central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery. In both Caco-2 and MDR-MDCK cells, selonsertib exhibited a high efflux ratio, showing that it is a P-gp substrate. Selonsertib was rapidly and effectively absorbed into the systemic circulation after oral treatment, with a Tmax of 0.5 h and oral bioavailability of 74%. In comparison with high systemic exposure with Cmax of 16.2 µg/ml and AUC of 64 µg·h/mL following oral dosing of 10 mg/kg, the brain disposition of selonsertib was limited, with Cmax of 0.08 µg/g and Kp value of 0.004. This study demonstrates that selonsertib can be a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hun Lee
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34114, Daejeon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundataion, 41061, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Ji
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 34114, Daejeon, Korea.,Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lim
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34114, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34114, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwi-Yeol Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 34114, Daejeon, Korea. .,Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34114, Daejeon, Korea.
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Bjørklund G, Zou L, Peana M, Chasapis CT, Hangan T, Lu J, Maes M. The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2161. [PMID: 36358532 PMCID: PMC9686621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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10
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Kumar V, Kim SH, Bishayee K. Dysfunctional Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease Onset and Potential Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179540. [PMID: 36076944 PMCID: PMC9455726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. The alteration in metabolic characteristics determines the prognosis. Patients at risk show reduced glucose uptake in the brain. Additionally, type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of AD with increasing age. Therefore, changes in glucose uptake in the cerebral cortex may predict the histopathological diagnosis of AD. The shifts in glucose uptake and metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and abnormal autophagy advance the pathogenesis of AD syndrome. Here, we summarize the role of altered glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes for AD prognosis. Additionally, we discuss diagnosis and potential pharmacological interventions for glucose metabolism defects in AD to encourage the development of novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Kim
- Biomedical Science Core-Facility, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Kausik Bishayee
- Biomedical Science Core-Facility, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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11
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Seth P. Insights Into the Role of Mortalin in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903031. [PMID: 35859895 PMCID: PMC9292388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin is a chaperone protein that regulates physiological functions of cells. Its multifactorial role allows cells to survive pathological conditions. Pharmacological, chemical, and siRNA-mediated downregulation of mortalin increases oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction leading to unregulated inflammation. In addition to its well-characterized function in controlling oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and maintaining physiological balance, recent evidence from human brain autopsies and cell culture–based studies suggests a critical role of mortalin in attenuating the damage seen in several neurodegenerative diseases. Overexpression of mortalin provides an important line of defense against accumulated proteins, inflammation, and neuronal loss, a key characteristic feature observed in neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of progressive disorders, sharing pathological features in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Aggregation of insoluble amyloid beta-proteins and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease are among the leading cause of neuropathology in the brain. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. A substantial synaptic loss leading to cognitive decline is the hallmark of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Brain autopsies and cell culture studies showed reduced expression of mortalin in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and HAND cases and deciphered the important role of mortalin in brain cells. Here, we discuss mortalin and its regulation and describe how neurotoxic conditions alter the expression of mortalin and modulate its functions. In addition, we also review the neuroprotective role of mortalin under neuropathological conditions. This knowledge showcases the importance of mortalin in diverse brain functions and offers new opportunities for the development of therapeutic targets that can modulate the expression of mortalin using chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Seth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
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12
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Zhang T, Wei W, Chang S, Liu N, Li H. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Comprehensive Bioinformatics Identifying the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Yizhiqingxin Formula for Treatment of Comorbidity With Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853375. [PMID: 35548356 PMCID: PMC9081443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Yizhiqinxin formula (YZQX) has been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or major depression disorder (MDD). However, its specific underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets remain unclear.Methods: The ingredients and putative targets of YZQX were screened using the TCMSP and Drugbank databases. Next, the GEO database was used to retrieve relevant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD or MDD and normal tissues. The PPI network was established, merged, and further screened to identify the main ingredients and core targets of YZQX against AD and MDD comorbidities. We performed enrichment analysis of core targets to identify biological processes and pathways. Finally, AutoDock software was used to validate the binding affinity between the crucial targets of direct action and their corresponding ingredients.Results: A total of 43 ingredients were identified from YZQX, of which 43 were screened to yield 504 targets. By establishing the PPI network, 92 targets were regarded as targets of YZQX against AD and MDD comorbidities in the core network. Promising targets (HSP90AA1, ESR1, AKT1, VCAM1, EGFR, CDK1, MAPK1, CDK2, MYC, HSPB1, and HSPA5) and signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, MAPK signaling pathway, etc.) were filtered and refined to elucidate the underlying mechanism of YZQX against AD and MDD comorbidities. Molecular docking confirmed the ingredients of YZQX (quercetin and kaempferol) could bind well to multiple crucial targets.Conclusion: The ingredients of YZQX, such as quercetin and kaempferol, might treat AD and MDD comorbidities by acting on multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Surui Chang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nanyang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nanyang Liu, ; Hao Li,
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nanyang Liu, ; Hao Li,
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Chung KW, Cho YE, Kim SJ, Hwang S. Immune-related pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:229-244. [PMID: 35391713 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become prevalent in the adult population worldwide, given the ongoing obesity pandemic. NAFLD comprises several hepatic disorders, ranging from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and carcinoma. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver can induce the development of fatty liver, whereas the progression of fatty liver to NASH involves various complex factors. The crucial difference between fatty liver and NASH is the presence of inflammation and fibrosis, the emergence of which is closely associated with the action of immune cells and immunological factors, such as chemokines and cytokines. Thus, expanding our understanding of immunological mechanisms contributing to NASH pathogenesis will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of viable therapeutics against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.,Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics-Regional Leading Research Center (GIB-RLRC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Obsilova V, Honzejkova K, Obsil T. Structural Insights Support Targeting ASK1 Kinase for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413395. [PMID: 34948191 PMCID: PMC8705584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, modulates diverse responses to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and calcium influx. As a crucial cellular stress sensor, ASK1 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPKs. Their excessive and sustained activation leads to cell death, inflammation and fibrosis in various tissues and is implicated in the development of many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in addition to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, currently available inhibitors of JNK and p38 kinases either lack efficacy or have undesirable side effects. Therefore, targeted inhibition of their upstream activator, ASK1, stands out as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating such severe pathological conditions. This review summarizes recent structural findings on ASK1 regulation and its role in various diseases, highlighting prospects for ASK1 inhibition in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (V.O.); (T.O.); Tel.: +420-325-87-3513 (V.O.); +420-22-195-1303 (T.O.)
| | - Karolina Honzejkova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.O.); (T.O.); Tel.: +420-325-87-3513 (V.O.); +420-22-195-1303 (T.O.)
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15
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Volynets GP, Pletnova LV, Sapelkin VM, Savytskyi OV, Yarmoluk SM. A computational analysis of the binding free energies of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 inhibitors from different chemotypes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1922686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Galyna P. Volynets
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Scientific Services Company Otava Ltd., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa V. Pletnova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladislav M. Sapelkin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V. Savytskyi
- Department of Protein Engineering and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy M. Yarmoluk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Xue Z, Ding W, Ge L, Zhang Q. Klotho alleviates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced genioglossus myocyte apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:708. [PMID: 34007317 PMCID: PMC8120644 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been shown to induce cell apoptosis in multiple organs of the human body. The present study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous klotho on CIH-induced genioglossus muscle injury, as well as the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in this process. A total of 36 adult C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to normoxia control (NC), CIH and CIH + klotho groups (n=12 mice/group). ELISA was performed to detect the level of klotho protein in the serum and in the genioglossus muscle tissue samples. Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified using a dihydroethidium assay kit, and the protein and mRNA levels of ERS-associated proteins (namely, glucoseregulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein, cleaved caspase-12 and cleaved caspase-3) in genioglossus samples were assessed using immunoblot assay and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. Compared with the NC group, the quantities of klotho protein in the serum and genioglossus muscle tissue samples in the CIH group were significantly decreased, whereas the apoptotic rate, ROS levels and protein and mRNA levels of the ERS-associated proteins in the genioglossus muscle were significantly increased. Following supplementation with exogenous klotho protein, the klotho protein levels in the serum and genioglossus muscle tissue of mice were found to be markedly increased, and the apoptotic rate, ROS levels and protein and mRNA levels of the ERS-associated proteins in the genioglossus muscle were decreased compared with those in the CIH group. Taken together, the results of the present study have demonstrated that exogenous klotho may inhibit apoptosis of genioglossus myocytes in mice by inhibiting ROS-associated ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xue
- Department of ENT & HN Surgery, Lishui District People's Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiao Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Sun J, Qin X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zhang W, Wang M. FBXW11 deletion alleviates Alzheimer's disease by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid-β plaque formation via repression of ASK1 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:104-111. [PMID: 33640602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complicated pathogenesis. F-box and WD-40 domain protein 11 (FBXW11), as a component of the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, regulates multiple different signaling pathways. However, the effects of FBXW11 on AD progression and the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, we found that FBXW11 expression was markedly increased in microglial cells stimulated by amyloid-β (Aβ). Immunofluorescence staining showed that FBXW11 was co-localized with Iba-1 in microglial cells, suggesting its potential in regulating neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, significantly elevated expression of FBXW11 was detected in hippocampus of AD mouse models. Then, our in vitro studies showed that FBXW11 deletion considerably ameliorated inflammatory response in Aβ-incubated microglial cells through suppressing nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. We further found that FBXW11 physically interacted with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and promoted its ubiquitination, which led to the aberrant activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Importantly, promoting ASK1 significantly abolished the effects of FBXW11 knockdown to repress inflammation and MAPKs/NF-κB activation in Aβ-treated microglial cells. Subsequently, our in vivo experiments demonstrated that hippocampus-specific knockout of FBXW11 dramatically alleviated Aβ plaque load, neuronal death, and microglial activation in AD mice. Furthermore, hippocampal deficiency of FBXW11 markedly mitigated neuroinflammation in AD mice through restraining ASK1/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling, along with alleviated cognitive deficits. Together, our findings demonstrated that FBXW11 may be a functionally important mediator of ASK1 activation, which could be a novel molecular target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Shacham T, Patel C, Lederkremer GZ. PERK Pathway and Neurodegenerative Disease: To Inhibit or to Activate? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030354. [PMID: 33652720 PMCID: PMC7996871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the extension of life span in recent decades, there is an increasing burden of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, for which effective treatments are lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases include the widespread Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), the less frequent Huntington’s disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and also rare early-onset diseases linked to mutations that cause protein aggregation or loss of function in genes that maintain protein homeostasis. The difficulties in applying gene therapy approaches to tackle these diseases is drawing increasing attention to strategies that aim to inhibit cellular toxicity and restore homeostasis by intervening in cellular pathways. These include the unfolded protein response (UPR), activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a cellular affliction that is shared by these diseases. Special focus is turned to the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway of the UPR as a target for intervention. However, the complexity of the pathway and its ability to promote cell survival or death, depending on ER stress resolution, has led to some confusion in conflicting studies. Both inhibition and activation of the PERK pathway have been reported to be beneficial in disease models, although there are also some reports where they are counterproductive. Although with the current knowledge a definitive answer cannot be given on whether it is better to activate or to inhibit the pathway, the most encouraging strategies appear to rely on boosting some steps without compromising downstream recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shacham
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaitanya Patel
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z. Lederkremer
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-9239
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Liu J, Huang J, Liu H, Chen C, Xu J, Zhong L. Elevated serum 4HNE plus decreased serum thioredoxin: Unique feature and implications for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245810. [PMID: 33493155 PMCID: PMC7833214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a global problem with high mortality. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. To reveal new serum feature of AECOPD and their potential implications, we have analyzed 180 serum samples, and found that in the serum of AECOPD patients, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE)-protein adducts are dynamically increased as partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) drops, which is accompanied by progressively decreasing thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) and thioredoxin (Trx1), as compared with those of healthy people. This phenomenon is unique, because acute hypoxia patients have 1.1-fold or 1.7-fold higher serum TrxR1 or Trx1 activity, respectively, than healthy people, in keeping with low 4HNE level. Moreover, serum 4HNE-protein adducts may form disulfide-linked complexes with high-molecular-weight, the amount of which is significantly increased during AECOPD. Serum 4HNE-protein adducts include 4HNE-Trx1 adduct and 4HNE-TrxR1 adduct, but only the former is significantly increased during AECOPD. Through cell biology, biochemistry and proteomics methods, we have demonstrated that extracellular 4HNE and 4HNE-Trx1 adduct affect human bronchial epithelial cells via different mechanisms. 4HNE-Trx1 adduct may significantly alter the expression of proteins involved mainly in RNA metabolism, but it has no effect on TrxR1/Trx1 expression and cell viability. On the other hand, low levels of 4HNE promote TrxR1/Trx1 expression and cell viability, while high levels of 4HNE inhibit TrxR1/Trx1 expression and cell viability, during which Trx1, at least in part, mediate the 4HNE action. Our data suggest that increasing serum 4HNE and decreasing serum Trx1 in AECOPD patients are closely related to the pathological processes of the disease. This finding also provides a new basis for AECOPD patients to use antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai Rou, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai Rou, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Respiratory Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital/Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Respiratory Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital/Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liangwei Zhong
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai Rou, Beijing, China
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20
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Ghemrawi R, Khair M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6127. [PMID: 32854418 PMCID: PMC7503386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle involved in protein quality control and cellular homeostasis. The accumulation of unfolded proteins leads to an ER stress, followed by an adaptive response via the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. However, prolonged cell stress activates apoptosis signaling leading to cell death. Neuronal cells are particularly sensitive to protein misfolding, consequently ER and UPR dysfunctions were found to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prions diseases, among others characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological UPR modulation in affected tissues may contribute to the treatment and prevention of neurodegeneration. The association between ER stress, UPR and neuropathology is well established. In this review, we provide up-to-date evidence of UPR activation in neurodegenerative disorders followed by therapeutic strategies targeting the UPR and ameliorating the toxic effects of protein unfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ghemrawi
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, UAE
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, UAE;
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Hanafy DM, Burrows GE, Prenzler PD, Hill RA. Potential Role of Phenolic Extracts of Mentha in Managing Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070631. [PMID: 32709074 PMCID: PMC7402171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With an increase in the longevity and thus the proportion of the elderly, especially in developed nations, there is a rise in pathological conditions that accompany ageing, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and memory decline. The pathophysiology of the disease is poorly understood, with several factors contributing to its development, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cholinergic neuronal apoptotic death, and the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain. Current medications are only palliative and cannot stop or reverse the progression of the disease. Recent clinical trials of synthetic compounds for the treatment of AD have failed because of their adverse effects or lack of efficacy. Thus, there is impetus behind the search for drugs from natural origins, in addition to the discovery of novel, conventional therapeutics. Mints have been used traditionally for conditions relevant to the central nervous system. Recent studies showed that mint extracts and/or their phenolic constituents have a neuroprotective potential and can target multiple events of AD. In this review, we provide evidence of the potential role of mint extracts and their derivatives as possible sources of treatments in managing AD. Some of the molecular pathways implicated in the development of AD are reviewed, with focus on apoptosis and some redox pathways, pointing to mechanisms that may be modulated for the treatment of AD, and the need for future research invoking knowledge of these pathways is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M. Hanafy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia;
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Geoffrey E. Burrows
- School of Agricultural & Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia;
| | - Paul D. Prenzler
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- School of Agricultural & Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia;
- Correspondence: (P.D.P.); (R.A.H.); Tel.: +61-2-693-32978 (P.D.P.); +61-2-693-32018 (R.A.H.)
| | - Rodney A. Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia;
- Correspondence: (P.D.P.); (R.A.H.); Tel.: +61-2-693-32978 (P.D.P.); +61-2-693-32018 (R.A.H.)
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Neuroprotective Activity of Mentha Species on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051366. [PMID: 32397683 PMCID: PMC7285141 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear cause. It appears that multiple factors participate in the process of neuronal damage including oxidative stress and accumulation of the protein amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain. The search for a treatment for this disorder is essential as current medications are limited to alleviating symptoms and palliative effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mint extracts on selected mechanisms implicated in the development of AD. To enable a thorough investigation of mechanisms, including effects on β-secretase (the enzyme that leads to the formation of Aβ), on Aβ aggregation, and on oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways, a neuronal cell model, SH-SY5Y cells, was selected. Six Mentha taxa were investigated for their in vitro β-secretase (BACE) and Aβ-aggregation inhibition activities. Moreover, their neuroprotective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated through caspase activity. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out for the two most promising extracts to determine their effects on signalling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. All mint extracts had strong BACE inhibition activity. M. requienii extracts showed excellent inhibition of Aβ-aggregation, while other extracts showed moderate inhibition. M. diemenica and M. requienii extracts lowered caspase activity. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to M. diemenica extracts resulted in a decrease in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, and an elevation in the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, potentially mediated by down-regulation of the ASK1-JNK pathway. These results indicate that mint extracts could prevent the formation of Aβ and also could prevent their aggregation if they had already formed. M. diemenica and M. requienii extracts have potential to suppress apoptosis at the cellular level. Hence, mint extracts could provide a source of efficacious compounds for a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Alam J, Sharma L. Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:316-339. [PMID: 30124150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180820104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, a degenerative cause of the brain cells, is called as a progressive neurodegenerative disease and appears to have a heterogeneous etiology with main emphasis on amyloid-cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau-cascade hypotheses, that are directly linked with macromolecules called enzymes such as β- & γ-secretases, colinesterases, transglutaminases, and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk-5), microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK). The catalytic activity of the above enzymes is the result of cognitive deficits, memory impairment and synaptic dysfunction and loss, and ultimately neuronal death. However, some other enzymes also lead to these dysfunctional events when reduced to their normal activities and levels in the brain, such as α- secretase, protein kinase C, phosphatases etc; metabolized to neurotransmitters, enzymes like monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) etc. or these abnormalities can occur when enzymes act by other mechanisms such as phosphodiesterase reduces brain nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) levels, phospholipase A2: PLA2 is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production etc. On therapeutic fronts, several significant clinical trials are underway by targeting different enzymes for development of new therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's, such as inhibitors for β-secretase, GSK-3, MAO, phosphodiesterase, PLA2, cholinesterases etc, modulators of α- & γ-secretase activities and activators for protein kinase C, sirtuins etc. The last decades have perceived an increasing focus on findings and search for new putative and novel enzymatic targets for Alzheimer's. Here, we review the functions, pathological roles, and worth of almost all the Alzheimer's associated enzymes that address to therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches for treatment of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
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Guo S, Liu Y, Gao L, Xiao F, Shen J, Xing S, Yang F, Zhang W, Shi Q, Li Y, Zhao L. TBC1D25 Regulates Cardiac Remodeling Through TAK1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1335-1348. [PMID: 32210723 PMCID: PMC7085222 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a major early event of heart failure, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that TBC1D25 is upregulated during pathological cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study is to determine the role of TBC1D25 in cardiac remodeling and to illustrate the underlying molecular mechanism. Specifically, cardiac remodeling was induced in TBC1D25-KO mice and their wild-type control mice through partial transverse aortic constriction (TAC) of aortic arch. Knockout TBC1D25 exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Meanwhile, TBC1D25 overexpression in both H9C2 cells and NRCMs alleviate Angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Moreover, TBC1D25 deficiency increases the phosphorylation levels of TAK1 and its downstream molecular (JNK and p38), whereas overexpressed TBC1D25 inhibits phosphorylation of TAK1, JNK and p38. And TAK1 is the key molecule in this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TBC1D25 could directly interacts with TAK1 by immunoprecipitation assay and GST pull-down assay, and the interaction needs the amino acids from at least 138 to 226 in the C-terminal region of TBC1D25 and from 1 to 300 in the C-terminal region of TAK1. We conclude that TBC1D25 suppresses pathological cardiac remodeling via regulating TAK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway, which suggests that TBC1D25 will likely become a promising therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fankai Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Jihong Shen
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiying Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiangwei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luosha Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
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Gao Y, Yan Y, Fang Q, Zhang N, Kumar G, Zhang J, Song LJ, Yu J, Zhao L, Zhang HT, Ma CG. The Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil attenuates Aβ 1-42-induced apoptosis via the ASK1/JNK signal pathway in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1787-1801. [PMID: 31482248 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common type of dementia. Beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregation and phosphorylated tau protein accumulation are considered as one of the causes for AD. Our previous studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, but the mechanism remains elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effects of fasudil on Aβ1-42 aggregation and apoptosis and identified the intracellular signaling pathways involved in these actions in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. The results showed that fasudil increased neurite outgrowth (52.84%), decreased Aβ burden (46.65%), Tau phosphorylation (96.84%), and ROCK-II expression. In addition, fasudil reversed Aβ1-42-induced decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increases in caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, phospho-JNK(Thr183/Tyr185), and phospho-ASK1(Ser966). Further, fasudil decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium overload in the neurons treated with Aβ1-42. These results suggest that inhibition of Rho kinase by fasudil reverses Aβ1-42-induced neuronal apoptosis via the ASK1/JNK signal pathway, calcium ions, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Fasudil could be a drug of choice for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
| | - Qingli Fang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Nianping Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
- Bio-Signal technologies (HK) Limited, 9th Floor, Amtel Building,148 Des Voeux Road Central, Central, Hong Kong
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiezhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhu Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, the Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
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26
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Baig MH, Baker A, Ashraf GM, Dong JJ. ASK1 and its role in cardiovascular and other disorders: available treatments and future prospects. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:857-870. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1676735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu Baker
- Nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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14-3-3/Tau Interaction and Tau Amyloidogenesis. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:620-630. [PMID: 31062171 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The major function of microtubule-associated protein tau is to promote microtubule assembly in the central nervous system. However, aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated tau is a hallmark of tauopathies. Although the molecular mechanisms of conformational transitions and assembling of tau molecules into amyloid fibril remain largely unknown, several factors have been shown to promote tau aggregation, including mutations, polyanions, phosphorylation, and interactions with other proteins. 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved, multifunctional proteins that are mainly expressed in the central nervous system. Being a scaffolding protein, 14-3-3 proteins interact with tau and regulate tau phosphorylation by bridging tau with various protein kinases. 14-3-3 proteins also directly regulate tau aggregation via specific and non-specific interactions with tau. In this review, we summarize recent advances in characterization of tau conformation and tau/14-3-3 interaction. We discuss the connection between 14-3-3 binding and tau aggregation with a special emphasis on the regulatory role of 14-3-3 on tau conformation.
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Shukla M, Chinchalongporn V, Govitrapong P, Reiter RJ. The role of melatonin in targeting cell signaling pathways in neurodegeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:75-96. [PMID: 30756405 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are typified by neuronal loss associated with progressive dysfunction and clinical presentation. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the intra- and extracellular conglomeration of misfolded proteins that occur because of abnormal protein dynamics and genetic manipulations; these trigger processes of cell death in these disorders. The disrupted signaling mechanisms involved are oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial and calcium signaling deregulation, alterations in immune and inflammatory signaling, disruption of autophagic integrity, proteostasis dysfunction, and anomalies in the insulin, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Herein, we accentuate some of the contemporary translational approaches made in characterizing the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Melatonin-induced cognitive enhancement and inhibition of oxidative signaling substantiates the efficacy of melatonin in combating neurodegenerative processes. Our review considers in detail the possible roles of melatonin in understanding the synergistic pathogenic mechanisms between aggregated proteins and in regulating, modulating, and preventing the altered signaling mechanisms discovered in cellular and animal models along with clinical evaluations pertaining to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, this review showcases the therapeutic potential of melatonin in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases with optimum prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Shukla
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapin Chinchalongporn
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Gao S, Lin J, Wang T, Shen Y, Li Y, Yang W, Zhou K, Hu H. Qingxin kaiqiao fang ameliorates memory impairment and inhibits apoptosis in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice through the MAPK pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:459-475. [PMID: 30774310 PMCID: PMC6350643 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s188505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Qingxin kaiqiao fang (QKF) has been found to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through apoptosis inhibition. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is closely related to apoptosis in the course of AD. This study aimed to investigate whether QKF-induced apoptosis depression is achieved through MAPK pathway. Materials and methods C57BL/6 J and APP/PS1 mice were used as control and model groups. APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of QKF (4.75, 9.5, and 19 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1⋅ig, respectively) for 12 weeks as L-QKF, M-QKF, and H-QKF groups. The M-QKF-treated APP/ PS1 mice were administrated with 2 µg/kg of U46619 and saline, intra ventricular ventricle injection, as M-QKF+U46619 and M-QKF+saline groups and were injected with PD98059 0.3 mg/kg and the same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intravenous, as M-QKF+PD98059 and M-QKF+DMSO groups. After 12 weeks treatment, Morris water maze was performed for behavior study. Pathological degeneration was examined by H&E staining, Nissl staining, and transmission electron microscope observation of hippocampus; immunohistochemistry and Western blot (WB) were tested for amyloid β (Aβ) expression. Apoptosis was measured through TUNEL assay; Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression through WB; and cleaved caspase-3 expression through ELISA. MAPK pathway was detected via WB for the expressions of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK and their phosphorylation patterns. Results QKF improved the learning and memory capability, as well as inhibited neuronal apoptosis and then reduced the pathological degeneration of APP/PS1 mice. M-QKF reduced neuron apoptosis by inhibiting p38 MAPK and activating ERK1/2 but had no significant effect on JNK. Conclusion QKF, especially at the middle dose, alleviated the learning and memory impairment and played an antiapoptotic role in AD through MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
| | - Jianwei Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China, .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China, .,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China,
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Zhou H, Tan H, Letourneau L, Wang JF. Increased thioredoxin-interacting protein in brain of mice exposed to chronic stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:320-326. [PMID: 30138646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a key contributor to depression. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation are increased by chronic stress and in subjects with depression. Thioredoxin is a small redox protein that regulates cellular redox balance and signaling. This protein can reverse protein cysteine oxidative modifications such as sulfenylation and nitrosylation, and inhibit stress-regulated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 pathway. Therefore thioredoxin plays an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Thioredoxin-interacting protein is an endogenous thioredoxin inhibitor. In the present study, to understand the role of thioredoxin in chronic stress and depression, we have investigated thioredoxin, thioredoxin-interacting protein, sulfenylation, nitrosylation and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 phosphorylation in brain of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). We found that mice exposed to CUS displayed decreased exploratory, increased anhedonic and increased despair depressive-like behaviours. We also found that although CUS had no effect on thioredoxin protein levels, it significantly increased levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein in mouse hippocampus and frontal cortex. CUS also increased protein cysteine sulfenylation, protein cysteine nitrosylation and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus and frontal cortex. These findings suggest that chronic stress may upregulate thioredoxin-interacting protein, subsequently inhibiting thioredoxin activity and enhancing oxidative protein cysteine modification and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 pathway. These results also indicate that thioredoxin-interacting protein may have potential for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hua Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lucien Letourneau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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31
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Li H, Han X, Zuo K, Li L, Liu J, Yuan X, Shen Y, Shao M, Pang D, Chu Y, Zhao B. miR-23b promotes cutaneous wound healing through inhibition of the inflammatory responses by targeting ASK1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1104-1113. [PMID: 30188966 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated event that develops in three overlapping phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to play an important role in the healing process of skin trauma, and alteration of specific miRNA expression during different phases may be associated with abnormal wound healing. In this study, we determined the variation of miR-23b expression after trauma in normal mice and in cultured cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide. We further demonstrated that excessive miR-23b could significantly accelerate wound healing in vivo. Up-regulation of miR-23b decreases infiltration of inflammatory cells, as evidenced by pathologic staining. Meanwhile, miR-23b could significantly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Ccl2, and significantly increase anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Furthermore, miR-23b could also promote α-SMA expression in a fiber pattern and increase the expression of Col1a1 and Col3a1. Importantly, we also showed that miR-23b could inhibit inflammation to promote wound healing by targeting apoptotic signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Notably, knockdown of ASK1 could reduce inflammation factor expression in vitro. Together, our data reveal that miR-23b is a potent therapeutic agent for cutaneous wound healing that shortens the period of inflammatory responses and promotes keratinocyte migration for the re-epithelialization of wound sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kuiyang Zuo
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yongchao Shen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Binghai Zhao
- School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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32
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Rosiglitazone rescues human neural stem cells from amyloid-beta induced ER stress via PPARγ dependent signaling. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:312-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Maretina MA, Zheleznyakova GY, Lanko KM, Egorova AA, Baranov VS, Kiselev AV. Molecular Factors Involved in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Pathways as Possible Disease-modifying Candidates. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:339-355. [PMID: 30065610 PMCID: PMC6030859 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666180101154916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene. Being a monogenic disease, it is characterized by high clinical heterogeneity. Variations in penetrance and severity of symptoms, as well as clinical discrepancies between affected family members can result from modifier genes influence on disease manifestation. SMN2 gene copy number is known to be the main phenotype modifier and there is growing evidence of additional factors contributing to SMA severity. Potential modifiers of spinal muscular atrophy can be found among the wide variety of different factors, such as multiple proteins interacting with SMN or promoting motor neuron survival, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional or splicing factors influencing SMN2 expression. Study of these factors enables to reveal mechanisms underlying SMA pathology and can have pronounced clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna A. Maretina
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina Y. Zheleznyakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina M. Lanko
- Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky prospect, 26, Saint Petersburg190013, Russia
| | - Anna A. Egorova
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
| | - Vladislav S. Baranov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton V. Kiselev
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
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Hong L, Peng S, Li Y, Fang Y, Wang Q, Klausen C, Yin C, Wang S, Leung PCK, Yang X. miR-106a Increases Granulosa Cell Viability and Is Downregulated in Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2157-2166. [PMID: 29590425 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) have reduced fertility, cardiovascular events, and osteoporosis. Although differential microRNA (miRNA) expression has been described in several ovarian disorders, little is known about the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DOR. OBJECTIVE Identify differentially expressed miRNAs in DOR and explore the role of miR-106a in human granulosa cell proliferation. DESIGN miRNA microarray (n = 3) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (n = 30) were used to examine miRNA expression in serum and granulosa cells from normal-cycling and women with DOR. Primary human granulosa cells were treated alone or in combination with miR-106a mimic, miR-106a inhibitor, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) small interfering RNA (siRNA), or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580) before assessment of cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot was used to measure ASK1 protein and phosphorylation/activation of p38 MAPK. Binding of miR-106a to ASK1 mRNA was examined by 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) luciferase analysis. RESULTS Fifteen miRNAs were differentially expressed (n = 30), and miR-106a was downregulated in serum and granulosa cells of women with DOR. miR-106a mimic increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis, whereas the converse occurred following treatment with miR-106a inhibitor. miR-106a suppressed ASK1 expression by directly targeting its 3'UTR. miR-106a inhibitor increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation/activation, and this effect was abolished by treatment with ASK1 siRNA. Whereas knockdown of ASK1 abolished the effects of miR-106a inhibitor on cell viability/apoptosis, pretreatment with SB203580 did not significantly alter the effects of miR-106a inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of miR-106a may contribute to the pathogenesis of DOR by reducing granulosa cell viability and promoting apoptosis via enhanced ASK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Hong
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaokui Yang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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β-Ecdysterone protects SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis via c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and Akt-associated complementary pathways. J Transl Med 2018; 98:489-499. [PMID: 29330470 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the significantly higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women than in men has been attributed to the loss of neuroprotective estrogen after menopause. Does phytoestrogen have the ability to protect against amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity? The aim of this study was to evaluate hypothesis that β-ecdysterone (β-Ecd) protects SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ-induced apoptosis by separate signaling pathways involving protein kinase B (Akt) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Here, we demonstrate that phytoestrogen β-Ecd inhibits Aβ-triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by Bcl-2/Bax ratio elevation, cytochrome c (cyt c) release reduction, and caspase-9 inactivation. Interestingly, β-Ecd upregulates Bcl-2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells under both basal and Aβ-challenged conditions, but downregulates Bax expression only in Aβ-challenged conditions. Subsequently, Akt-dependent NF-κB activation is required for Bcl-2 upregulation, but not Bax downregulation, in response to β-Ecd, which was validated by the use of LY294002 and Bay11-7082. Notably, β-Ecd attenuates the Aβ-evoked reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) phosphorylation and JNK activation without altering the basal ASK1 phosphorylation and JNK activation. ROS-scavenging by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) abrogated the ability of β-Ecd to alter the activation of ASK1. Simultaneously, inhibition of JNK by SP600125 abolished β-Ecd-induced Bax downregulation in Aβ-challenged SH-SY5Y cells, whereas LY294002 failed to do so. Consequently, β-Ecd possesses neuroprotection by different and complementary pathways, which together promote a Bcl-2/Bax ratio. These data support our hypothesis and suggest that β-Ecd is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Rusnak L, Fu H. Regulation of ASK1 signaling by scaffold and adaptor proteins. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:23-30. [PMID: 29102394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a three-tiered kinase cascade where mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks) lead to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAP2K), and ultimately MAPK proteins. MAPK signaling can promote a diverse set of biological outcomes, ranging from cell death to proliferation. There are multiple mechanisms which govern MAPK output, such as the duration and strength of the signal, cellular localization to upstream and downstream binding partners, pathway crosstalk and the binding to scaffold and adaptor molecules. This review will focus on scaffold and adaptor proteins that bind to and regulate apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a MAP3K protein with a critical role in mediating stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Wei Y, Liu D, Zheng Y, Hao C, Li H, Ouyang W. Neuroprotective Effects of Kinetin Against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Cytotoxicity in HT22 Cells: Involvement of Nrf2 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:725-737. [PMID: 28900849 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as one of key factors related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), while kinetin (KT) has been reported to exert anti-oxidative activities as well as neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, in this study, the neuroprotective effects of KT against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells were investigated. To evaluate the anti-oxidative capabilities of KT itself, several anti-oxidative assays in vitro were conducted. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of KT, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium influx, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell death were measured by flow cytometry. Nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and content of intracellular ATP were also determined. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) were evaluated as well. Besides, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also examined to reveal underlying mechanisms. Results showed that KT rescued cell death, and suppressed the accumulation of intracellular ROS and the increase of intracellular calcium influx. In addition, KT maintained normal function of mitochondria and inhibited the phosphorylation of ASK-1, JNK, and p38. KT also promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and enhanced the expression of HO-1 both at protein and mRNA level. Importantly, blockage of Nrf2 almost completely abolished the neuroprotective effects of KT, while blockage of HO-1 expression partly neutralized its neuroprotective effects. Our results indicated that KT can protect HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cell death by activating Nrf2 pathway and inducing expression of HO-1, suggesting KT might be a drug candidate for treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaoshuang Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuqing Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Basic Veterinary Medicine and Cell Biology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Travasso RDM, Sampaio Dos Aidos F, Bayani A, Abranches P, Salvador A. Localized redox relays as a privileged mode of cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide signaling. Redox Biol 2017; 12:233-245. [PMID: 28279943 PMCID: PMC5339411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling agent. Its best characterized signaling actions in mammalian cells involve the early oxidation of thiols in cytoplasmic phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. However, these redox targets are orders of magnitude less H2O2-reactive and abundant than cytoplasmic peroxiredoxins. How can they be oxidized in a signaling time frame? Here we investigate this question using computational reaction-diffusion models of H2O2 signaling. The results show that at H2O2 supply rates commensurate with mitogenic signaling a H2O2 concentration gradient with a length scale of a few tenths of μm is established. Even near the supply sites H2O2 concentrations are far too low to oxidize typical targets in an early mitogenic signaling time frame. Furthermore, any inhibition of the peroxiredoxin or increase in H2O2 supply able to drastically increase the local H2O2 concentration would collapse the concentration gradient and/or cause an extensive oxidation of the peroxiredoxins I and II, inconsistent with experimental observations. In turn, the local concentrations of peroxiredoxin sulfenate and disulfide forms exceed those of H2O2 by several orders of magnitude. Redox targets reacting with these forms at rate constants much lower than that for, say, thioredoxin could be oxidized within seconds. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the concentrations of these peroxiredoxin forms allows them to reach targets within 1 μm from the H2O2 sites while maintaining signaling localized. The recruitment of peroxiredoxins to specific sites such as caveolae can dramatically increase the local concentrations of the sulfenic and disulfide forms, thus further helping these species to outcompete H2O2 for the oxidation of redox targets. Altogether, these results suggest that H2O2 signaling is mediated by localized redox relays whereby peroxiredoxins are oxidized to sulfenate and disulfide forms at H2O2 supply sites and these forms in turn oxidize the redox targets near these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D M Travasso
- Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Sampaio Dos Aidos
- Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anahita Bayani
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Pedro Abranches
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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39
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The Putative Role of Environmental Mercury in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Subtypes. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4834-4856. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Liu X, Ding S, Shi P, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Zhu K. Non-hemolytic enterotoxin of Bacillus cereus induces apoptosis in Vero cells. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27762484 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes foodborne infectious diseases and food poisoning. Non-hemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) is the major toxin found in almost all enteropathogenic B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates. However, little is known about the cellular response after Nhe triggered pore formation on cell membrane. Here, we demonstrate that Nhe induced cell cycle arrest at G0 /G1 phase and provoked apoptosis in Vero cells, most likely associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and death receptor pathways. The influx of extracellular calcium ions and increased level of reactive oxygen species in cytoplasm were sensed by apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38 MAPK. Extrinsic death receptor Fas could also promote the activation of p38 MAPK. Subsequently, ASK1 and p38 MAPK triggered downstream caspase-8 and 3 to initiate apoptosis. Our results clearly demonstrate that ASK1, and Fas-p38 MAPK-mediated caspase-8 dependent pathways are involved in apoptotic cell death provoked by the pore-forming enterotoxin Nhe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peijie Shi
- The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Institute of Food Safety, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Institute of Food Safety, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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41
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Ma L, Wang R, Dong W, Li Y, Xu B, Zhang J, Zhao Z. Long-term caloric restriction in mice may prevent age-related learning impairment via suppression of apoptosis. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai Formula Protects against A β1-42 Oligomer Induced Cell Damage via Increasing Hsp70 and Grp78 Expression in SH-SY5Y Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8591656. [PMID: 27829867 PMCID: PMC5086516 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8591656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai formula (YZFDF) is an experiential prescription used to cure dementia cases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the main effective compounds of YZFDF have been identified from this formula, and the neuroprotective effect against Aβ1–42 oligomer of YZFDF has been tested in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that YZFDF could increase cell viability and could attenuate endothelial reticula- (ER-) mediated apoptosis. Evidence indicated that protein folding and endothelial reticula stress (ERS) played an important role in the AD pathological mechanism. We further explored the expression of Hsp70, an important molecular chaperon facilitating the folding of other proteins, and Grp78, the marker protein of ERS in SH-SY5Y cells. Data told us that YZFDF pretreatment could influence the mRNA and protein expression of these two proteins. At last, we also found that YZFDF pretreatment could activate Akt in SH-SY5Y cells. All these above indicate that YZFDF could be a potent therapeutic candidate for AD treatment.
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44
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Jayamani J, Shanmugam G. Gelatin as a Potential Inhibitor of Insulin Amyloid Fibril Formation. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Jayamani
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory; CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CLRI Campus; Sardar Patel Road Chennai 600020 India
| | - Ganesh Shanmugam
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory; CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CLRI Campus; Sardar Patel Road Chennai 600020 India
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Age-dependent differential expression of death-associated protein 6 (Daxx) in various peripheral tissues and different brain regions of C57BL/6 male mice. Biogerontology 2016; 17:817-828. [PMID: 27465500 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein 6 (DAXX) is a ubiquitous protein implicated in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, tumorigenesis, development and transcription. The role of DAXX is however ambiguous and many contradictory results regarding its function in apoptosis upon various cellular stresses are described in the literature. In order to have a better understanding of the role of DAXX throughout the entire organism under physiological stress conditions, we have characterized the mRNA levels, protein expression and the proteolytic processing of DAXX in the normal aging process in peripheral organs and brain regions in C57BL/6 male mice. Overall, Daxx mRNA expression decreases with aging in the liver, kidney, heart, cortex and cerebellum. In contrast, an increase is observed in the striatum. The protein expression of DAXX and of its proteolytic fragments increases with aging in the kidney, heart and cortex. In liver and spleen, no changes are observed while in the striatum and cerebellum, certain forms increase and others decrease with age, suggesting that the functions of DAXX may be cell type dependent. This study provides important details regarding the expression and post-translational modifications of DAXX in aging in the entire organism and provides reference data for the deregulation observed in age-associated diseases.
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Volynets GP, Gorbatiuk OB, Kukharenko OP, Usenko MO, Yarmoluk SM. Production of recombinant human apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 126:89-92. [PMID: 27245507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mediator of the MAPK signaling cascade, which regulates different cellular processes including apoptosis, cell survival, and differentiation. The increased activity of ASK1 is associated with a number of human diseases and this protein kinase is considered as promising therapeutic target. In the present study, the kinase domain of human ASK1 was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) in soluble form. The expression level of ASK1 was around 0.3-0.47 g per 1 L after using auto-induction protocol or IPTG induction. A one-step on column method for the efficient purification of recombinant ASK1 was performed. Our approach yields sufficient amount of recombinant ASK1, which can be used for inhibitor screening assays and different crystallographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna P Volynets
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Oksana B Gorbatiuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine; The State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr P Kukharenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariya O Usenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy M Yarmoluk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Lucke-Wold BP, Turner RC, Logsdon AF, Nguyen L, Bailes JE, Lee JM, Robson MJ, Omalu BI, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Endoplasmic reticulum stress implicated in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. J Neurosurg 2016; 124:687-702. [PMID: 26381255 DOI: 10.3171/2015.3.jns141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neurofibrillary tau tangles following repetitive neurotrauma. The underlying mechanism linking traumatic brain injury to chronic traumatic encephalopathy has not been elucidated. The authors investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress as a link between acute neurotrauma and chronic neurodegeneration. METHODS The authors used pharmacological, biochemical, and behavioral tools to assess the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in linking acute repetitive traumatic brain injury to the development of chronic neurodegeneration. Data from the authors' clinically relevant and validated rodent blast model were compared with those obtained from postmortem human chronic traumatic encephalopathy specimens from a National Football League player and World Wrestling Entertainment wrestler. RESULTS The results demonstrated strong correlation of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation with subsequent tau hyperphosphorylation. Various endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were increased in human chronic traumatic encephalopathy specimens, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response was associated with an increase in the tau kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Docosahexaenoic acid, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, improved cognitive performance in the rat model 3 weeks after repetitive blast exposure. The data showed that docosahexaenoic acid administration substantially reduced tau hyperphosphorylation (t = 4.111, p < 0.05), improved cognition (t = 6.532, p < 0.001), and inhibited C/EBP homology protein activation (t = 5.631, p < 0.01). Additionally the data showed, for the first time, that endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS Docosahexaenoic acid therefore warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan C Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Linda Nguyen
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Julian E Bailes
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois
| | - John M Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Bennet I Omalu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Jason D Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Charles L Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine
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48
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Turner RC, Lucke-Wold BP, Robson MJ, Lee JM, Bailes JE. Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Distinct but possibly overlapping disease entities. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1279-1292. [PMID: 27715315 PMCID: PMC5303562 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1193631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have long been recognized as sharing some similar neuropathological features, mainly the presence of neurofibrilary tangles and hyperphosphorylated tau, but have generally been described as distinct entities. Evidence indicates that neurotrauma increases the risk of developing dementia and accelerates the progression of disease. Findings are emerging that CTE and AD may be present in the same patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION This study presents a series of previously unpublished cases, with one case demonstrating possible neurotrauma-related AD, one pure CTE, and an example of a case exhibiting features of both AD and CTE. The future significance of this work lies not only in the confirmation of AD-CTE co-existence, but, more importantly, ways of generating a hypothesis about the possibility that CTE may accelerate AD development. Understanding the relationship between neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease will help elucidate how distinct disease entities can co-exist in the same patient. It will ultimately require the use of pre-clinical animal models and repeat injury paradigms to investigate clinically relevant injury mechanisms. These models should produce a CTE-like phenotype that must be both neuropathologically and behaviourally similar to human disease. CONCLUSION This case series and review of the literature presents a discussion of AD and CTE in the context of neurotrauma. It highlights recent work from repetitive neurotrauma models with an emphasis on those exhibiting a CTE-like phenotype. Potential mechanisms of interest shared amongst AD and CTE are briefly addressed and future experiments are advocated for to enhance understanding of CTE pathophysiology and the relationship between CTE and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Matthew J. Robson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - John M. Lee
- NorthShore Neurological Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Julian E. Bailes
- NorthShore Neurological Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201
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Lauretti E, Praticò D. Glucose deprivation increases tau phosphorylation via P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Aging Cell 2015. [PMID: 26219917 PMCID: PMC4693472 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of glucose metabolism have been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Previous studies showed that glucose deprivation increases amyloidogenesis via a BACE‐1‐dependent mechanism. However, no data are available on the effect that this condition may have on tau phosphorylation. In this study, we exposed neuronal cells to a glucose‐free medium and investigated the effect on tau phosphorylation. Compared with controls, cells incubated in the absence of glucose had a significant increase in tau phosphorylation at epitopes Ser202/Thr205 and Ser404, which was associated with a selective activation of the P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Pharmacological inhibition of this kinase prevented the increase in tau phosphorylation, while fluorescence studies revealed its co‐localization with phosphorylated tau. The activation of P38 was secondary to the action of the apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1, as its down‐regulation prevented it. Finally, glucose deprivation induced cell apoptosis, which was associated with a significant increase in both caspase 3 and caspase 12 active forms. Taken together, our studies reveal a new mechanism whereby glucose deprivation can modulate AD pathogenesis by influencing tau phosphorylation and suggest that this pathway may be a new therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lauretti
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19140 USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19140 USA
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38-kDa antigen induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via toll-like receptor 2/4. Apoptosis 2015; 20:358-70. [PMID: 25544271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses play critical roles in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. To investigate the regulatory role of the ER stress response in 38-kDa antigen-induced apoptosis, we examined the relationship between the ER stress response and apoptosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (38-kDa Ag). The expression of ER molecular chaperones, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulated protein (Bip) and phosphorylated alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, was induced in BMDMs stimulated with the 38-kDa Ag. Interestingly, 38-kDa Ag-stimulation induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-12, -9 and -3. However, 38-kDa Ag-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced in TLR2- and TLR4-deficient macrophages. Because toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, we evaluated the effect of MAPK activation on ER stress. The 38-kDa Ag activated Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 phosphorylation. MAPK signaling induced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6. The 38-kDa Ag-induced MCP-1 was especially associated with the induction of MCP-1-induced protein (MCPIP), which increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ER stress. To investigate the role of MCPIP in ROS-induced ER stress by 38-kDa Ag stimulation, we transfected MCPIP siRNA into RAW264.7 cells before 38-kDa Ag stimulation, and measured the generation of ROS and expression of ER molecular chaperones. ROS production and CHOP expression were decreased by the silencing of MCPIP induction. Our results demonstrate that the expression of MCPIP by 38-kDa Ag stimulation is increased through a TLR-MAPK-dependent signaling pathway, and leads to ER stress-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, MCPIP is important for host defense mechanisms in mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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