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Thompson JE. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in veterinary medicine: Recent advances (2019-present). Vet World 2022; 15:2623-2657. [PMID: 36590115 PMCID: PMC9798047 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2623-2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a valuable laboratory tool for rapid diagnostics, research, and exploration in veterinary medicine. While instrument acquisition costs are high for the technology, cost per sample is very low, the method requires minimal sample preparation, and analysis is easily conducted by end-users requiring minimal training. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight MS has found widespread application for the rapid identification of microorganisms, diagnosis of dermatophytes and parasites, protein/lipid profiling, molecular diagnostics, and the technique demonstrates significant promise for 2D chemical mapping of tissue sections collected postmortem. In this review, an overview of the MALDI-TOF technique will be reported and manuscripts outlining current uses of the technology for veterinary science since 2019 will be summarized. The article concludes by discussing gaps in knowledge and areas of future growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Thompson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States,Corresponding author: Jonathan E. Thompson, e-mail:
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2
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Do T, Guran R, Adam V, Zitka O. Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for virus identification: a review. Analyst 2022; 147:3131-3154. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00431c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The possibilities of virus identification, including SARS-CoV-2, by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Guran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Yamada K, Kuribayashi K, Inomata N, Noguchi K, Kimitsuki K, Demetria CS, Saito N, Inoue S, Park CH, Kaimori R, Suzuki M, Saito-Obata M, Kamiya Y, Manalo DL, Quiambao BP, Nishizono A. Validation of serum apolipoprotein A1 in rabies virus-infected mice as a biomarker for the preclinical diagnosis of rabies. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:438-448. [PMID: 34270107 PMCID: PMC9292310 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a type of acute fetal encephalitis caused by rabies virus (RABV). While it becomes incurable after symptom onset, it can be prevented by post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) during the long incubation period. While preclinical diagnosis aids the appropriate PEP administration, it is mostly nonfeasible owing to the absence of viremia or a specific antibody response during the incubation period. Here, an attempt was made to identify a serum biomarker for the preclinical diagnosis of rabies. Using the serum from a mouse inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 5 × 105 focus‐forming units (FFU) of recombinant RABV expressing red firefly luciferase (1088/RFLuc) immediately before symptom onset, two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis was conducted, followed by mass spectrometry, and it was confirmed that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was up‐regulated. ELISA showed that the serum ApoA1 and specific antibody levels increased during the incubation period and on the day of symptom onset. Since a lower infectious dose can be used to induce the unstable and long incubation period generally observed in natural infection, the ApoA1 level in mice inoculated i.m. with 103 FFU of 1088/RFLuc was examined by monitoring viral dynamics using in vivo imaging. The serum ApoA1 and specific antibody levels were up‐regulated in 50% and 58.3% of mice exhibiting robust RABV replication, respectively, but not in mice exhibiting weak RABV replication. In addition, it was reported that ApoA1 was found to be a biomarker for neuronal damage. Additional biomarker candidates will be needed for the effective preclinical diagnosis of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Kuribayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naotaka Inomata
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuko Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Catalino S Demetria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.,Veterinary Research Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Chun-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryo Kaimori
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamiya
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daria L Manalo
- Veterinary Research Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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Reed M, Stuchlik O, Carson WC, Orciari L, Yager PA, Olson V, Li Y, Wu X, Pohl J, Satheshkumar PS. Novel mass spectrometry based detection and identification of variants of rabies virus nucleoprotein in infected brain tissues. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006984. [PMID: 30550539 PMCID: PMC6310296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rabies is an encephalitic disease transmitted by animals infected with lyssaviruses. The most common lyssavirus that causes human infection is rabies virus (RABV), the prototypic member of the genus. The incubation period of RABV in humans varies from few weeks to several months in some instances. During this prodromal period, neither antibodies nor virus is detected. Antibodies, antigen and nucleic acids are detectable only after the onset of encephalitic symptoms, at which point the outcome of the disease is nearly 100% fatal. Hence, the primary intervention for human RABV exposure and subsequent post-exposure prophylaxis relies on testing animals suspected of having rabies. The most widely used diagnostic tests in animals focus on antigen detection, RABV-encoded nucleoprotein (N protein) in brain tissues. N protein accumulates in the cytoplasm of infected cells as large and granular inclusions, which are visualized in infected brain tissues by immuno-microscopy using anti-N protein antibodies. In this study, we explored a mass spectrometry (MS) based method for N protein detection without the need for any specific antibody reagents or microscopy. The MS-based method described here is unbiased, label-free, requires no amplification and determines any previously sequenced N protein available in the database. The results demonstrate the ability of MS/MS based method for N protein detection and amino acid sequence determination in animal diagnostic samples to obtain RABV variant information. This study demonstrates a potential for future developments of rabies diagnostic tests based on MS platforms. Although rabies is almost always fatal after the symptom onset phase, it can be prevented by timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which involves passive antibody transfer and vaccination. One of the primary laboratory confirmatory tests for RABV infection is antigen detection, directed against the RABV encoded N protein using anti-N protein specific antibodies, in central nervous system (CNS) tissue samples of animals. This immuno-microscopy based detection utilizes either fluorescent tags (direct detection) or chromogenic substrates (indirect) in brain impressions from animals in which rabies is suspected. In this study, we explored the detection of N protein by a novel mass spectrometry (MS) based method that is label-free and does not require target amplification. The MS method specifically detected N protein in brain tissue and identified RABV variants based on amino acid sequence information. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an N protein detection method that does not utilize either antibodies or microscopy. This method provides an alternative platform for the development of future rabies diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Reed
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Olga Stuchlik
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - William C. Carson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lillian Orciari
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Pamela A. Yager
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Yu Li
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Xianfu Wu
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Abstract
With over 1200 species identified, bats represent almost one quarter of the world’s mammals. Bats provide crucial environmental services, such as insect control and pollination, and inhabit a wide variety of ecological niches on all continents except Antarctica. Despite their ubiquity and ecological importance, relatively little has been published on diseases of bats, while much has been written on bats’ role as reservoirs in disease transmission. This chapter will focus on diseases and pathologic processes most commonly reported in captive and free-ranging bats. Unique anatomical and histological features and common infectious and non-infectious diseases will be discussed. As recognition of both the importance and vulnerability of bats grows, particularly following population declines in North America due to the introduction of the fungal disease white-nose syndrome, efforts should be made to better understand threats to the health of this unique group of mammals.
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Duriez E, Armengaud J, Fenaille F, Ezan E. Mass spectrometry for the detection of bioterrorism agents: from environmental to clinical applications. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:183-199. [PMID: 26956386 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of international conflicts and localized terrorist actions, there is unfortunately a permanent threat of attacks with unconventional warfare agents. Among these, biological agents such as toxins, microorganisms, and viruses deserve particular attention owing to their ease of production and dissemination. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques for the detection and quantification of biological agents have a decisive role to play for countermeasures in a scenario of biological attacks. The application of MS to every field of both organic and macromolecular species has in recent years been revolutionized by the development of soft ionization techniques (MALDI and ESI), and by the continuous development of MS technologies (high resolution, accurate mass HR/AM instruments, novel analyzers, hybrid configurations). New possibilities have emerged for exquisite specific and sensitive detection of biological warfare agents. MS-based strategies for clinical application can now address a wide range of analytical questions mainly including issues related to the complexity of biological samples and their available volume. Multiplexed toxin detection, discovery of new markers through omics approaches, and identification of untargeted microbiological or of novel molecular targets are examples of applications. In this paper, we will present these technological advances along with the novel perspectives offered by omics approaches to clinical detection and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, iBiTec-S, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, 30207, Bagnols sur-Cèze, France
| | - François Fenaille
- CEA, iBiTec-S, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, CEA Saclay, Building 136, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Eric Ezan
- CEA, Programme Transversal Technologies pour la Santé, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
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