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Jadav R, Weiland F, Noordermeer SM, Carroll T, Gao Y, Wang J, Zhou H, Lamoliatte F, Toth R, Macartney T, Brown F, Hastie CJ, Alabert C, van Attikum H, Zenke F, Masson JY, Rouse J. Chemo-Phosphoproteomic Profiling with ATR Inhibitors Berzosertib and Gartisertib Uncovers New Biomarkers and DNA Damage Response Regulators. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100802. [PMID: 38880245 PMCID: PMC11338954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATR kinase protects cells against DNA damage and replication stress and represents a promising anti-cancer drug target. The ATR inhibitors (ATRi) berzosertib and gartisertib are both in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic agents. We carried out quantitative phospho-proteomic screening for ATR biomarkers that are highly sensitive to berzosertib and gartisertib, using an optimized mass spectrometry pipeline. Screening identified a range of novel ATR-dependent phosphorylation events, which were grouped into three broad classes: (i) targets whose phosphorylation is highly sensitive to ATRi and which could be the next generation of ATR biomarkers; (ii) proteins with known genome maintenance roles not previously known to be regulated by ATR; (iii) novel targets whose cellular roles are unclear. Class iii targets represent candidate DNA damage response proteins and, with this in mind, proteins in this class were subjected to secondary screening for recruitment to DNA damage sites. We show that one of the proteins recruited, SCAF1, interacts with RNAPII in a phospho-dependent manner and recruitment requires PARP activity and interaction with RNAPII. We also show that SCAF1 deficiency partly rescues RAD51 loading in cells lacking the BRCA1 tumor suppressor. Taken together these data reveal potential new ATR biomarkers and new genome maintenance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathan Jadav
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Florian Weiland
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Carroll
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Yuandi Gao
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Division, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec Cit, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianming Wang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Frederic Lamoliatte
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fiona Brown
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C James Hastie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Constance Alabert
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Zenke
- EMD Serono, Research Unit Oncology, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Division, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec Cit, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Rouse
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Crowl S, Jordan BT, Ahmed H, Ma CX, Naegle KM. KSTAR: An algorithm to predict patient-specific kinase activities from phosphoproteomic data. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4283. [PMID: 35879309 PMCID: PMC9314348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors as targeted therapies have played an important role in improving cancer outcomes. However, there are still considerable challenges, such as resistance, non-response, patient stratification, polypharmacology, and identifying combination therapy where understanding a tumor kinase activity profile could be transformative. Here, we develop a graph- and statistics-based algorithm, called KSTAR, to convert phosphoproteomic measurements of cells and tissues into a kinase activity score that is generalizable and useful for clinical pipelines, requiring no quantification of the phosphorylation sites. In this work, we demonstrate that KSTAR reliably captures expected kinase activity differences across different tissues and stimulation contexts, allows for the direct comparison of samples from independent experiments, and is robust across a wide range of dataset sizes. Finally, we apply KSTAR to clinical breast cancer phosphoproteomic data and find that there is potential for kinase activity inference from KSTAR to complement the current clinical diagnosis of HER2 status in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Crowl
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XUniversity of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Ben T. Jordan
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XUniversity of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Hamza Ahmed
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XUniversity of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Kristen M. Naegle
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XUniversity of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
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Suzuki T, Hirokawa T, Maeda A, Harata S, Watanabe K, Yanagita T, Ushigome H, Nakai N, Maeda Y, Shiga K, Ogawa R, Mitsui A, Kimura M, Matsuo Y, Takahashi H, Takiguchi S. ATR inhibitor AZD6738 increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5‑fluorouracil by inhibiting repair of DNA damage. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:78. [PMID: 35191521 PMCID: PMC8892626 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage caused by chemotherapy in cancer cells occurs mainly at two cell cycle checkpoints (G1 and G2) and is a factor contributing to chemoresistance. Most colorectal cancers harbor mutations in p53, the main pathway involved in the G1 checkpoint, and thus, are particularly dependent on the G2 checkpoint for DNA repair. The present study examined the effect of AZD6738, a specific inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (ATR) involved in the G2 checkpoint, combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a central chemotherapeutic agent, on colorectal cancer cells. Since 5-FU has a DNA-damaging effect, its combination with AZD6738 is likely to enhance the therapeutic effect. The effects of the AZD6738/5-FU combination were evaluated in various colorectal cancer cells (HT29, SW480, HCT116 and DLD-1 cells) by flow cytometry (HT29 cells), western blotting (HT29 cells) and water-soluble tetrazolium 1 assays (HT29, SW480, HCT116 and DLD-1 cells), as well as in an experimental animal model (HT29 cells). In vitro, the AZD6738/5-FU combination increased the number of mitotic cells according to flow cytometry, decreased the checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation levels and increased cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated form of H2A.X variant histone levels according to western blotting, and decreased the proliferation rate of four colon cancer cell lines according to cell viability experiments. In vivo, xenografted colorectal cancer cells treated with the AZD6738/5-FU combination exhibited a marked decrease in proliferation compared with the 5-FU alone group. The present results suggested that AZD6738 enhanced the effect of 5-FU in p53-mutated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Anri Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Harata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Hajime Ushigome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Yuzo Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Akira Mitsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 462‑8508, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 464‑8547, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
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Katoueezadeh M, Pilehvari N, Fatemi A, Hassanshahi G, Torabizadeh SA. Inhibition of DNA damage response pathway using combination of DDR pathway inhibitors and radiation in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2803-2816. [PMID: 33960207 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An alarming increase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases among children and adults has attracted the attention of researchers to discover new therapeutic strategies with a better prognosis. In cancer cells, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway elements have been recognized to protect tumor cells from various stresses and cause tumor progression; targeting these DDR members is an attractive strategy for treatment of cancers. The inhibition of the DDR pathway in cancer cells for the treatment of cancers has recently been introduced. Hence, effective treatment strategies are needed for this purpose. Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia. This review aims to assess the synergistic effects of these inhibitors with irradiation for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Katoueezadeh
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Niloofar Pilehvari
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718796755, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911319, Iran
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Ondrej M, Cechakova L, Fabrik I, Klimentova J, Tichy A. Lys05 - A Promising Autophagy Inhibitor in the Radiosensitization Battle: Phosphoproteomic Perspective. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:369-382. [PMID: 32576582 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a crucial factor contributing to radioresistance during radiotherapy. Although Lys05 has proven its ability to improve the results of radiotherapy through the inhibition of autophagy, molecular mechanisms of this inhibition remain elusive. We aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms involved in Lys05-induced inhibition of autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radioresistant human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (H1299, p53-negative) and methods of quantitative phosphoproteomics were employed to define the molecular mechanisms involved in Lys05-induced inhibition of autophagy. RESULTS We confirmed that at an early stage after irradiation, autophagy was induced, whereas at a later stage after irradiation, it was inhibited. The early-stage induction of autophagy was characterized mainly by the activation of biosynthetic and metabolic processes through up- or down-regulation of the critical autophagic regulatory proteins Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) and proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 (AKT1S1). The late-stage inhibition of autophagy was attributed mainly to down-regulation of Unc-51 like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1) through phosphorylation at Ser638. CONCLUSION This work contributes to emerging phosphoproteomic insights into autophagy-mediated global signaling in lung cancer cells, which might consequently facilitate the development of precision medicine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ondrej
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cechakova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klimentova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Ali A, Musharraf SG, Emekli N. Phosphoproteomic strategies in cancer research: a minireview. Analyst 2020; 145:7125-7149. [PMID: 32996481 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular processes is central to comprehend disease conditions and is also true for cancer research. Proteomic studies provide significant insight into cancer mechanisms and aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Phosphoproteome is one of the most studied complements of the whole proteome given its importance in the understanding of cellular processes such as signaling and regulations. Over the last decade, several new methods have been developed for phosphoproteome analysis. A significant amount of these efforts pertains to cancer research. The current use of powerful analytical instruments in phosphoproteomic approaches has paved the way for deeper and sensitive investigations. However, these methods and techniques need further improvements to deal with challenges posed by the complexity of samples and scarcity of phosphoproteins in the whole proteome, throughput and reproducibility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the variety of steps used in phosphoproteomic methods applied in cancer research including the enrichment and fractionation strategies. This will allow researchers to evaluate and choose a better combination of steps for their phosphoproteome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gani Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Nesrin Emekli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang J, Si J, Gan L, Zhou R, Guo M, Zhang H. Harnessing the targeting potential of differential radiobiological effects of photon versus particle radiation for cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1695-1711. [PMID: 32691425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the major modalities for malignancy treatment. High linear energy transfer (LET) charged-particle beams, like proton and carbon ions, exhibit favourable depth-dose distributions and radiobiological enhancement over conventional low-LET photon irradiation, thereby marking a new era in high precision medicine. Tumour cells have developed multicomponent signal transduction networks known as DNA damage responses (DDRs), which initiate cell-cycle checkpoints and induce double-strand break (DSB) repairs in the nucleus by nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination pathways, to manage ionising radiation (IR)-induced DNA lesions. DNA damage induction and DSB repair pathways are reportedly dependent on the quality of radiation delivered. In this review, we summarise various types of DNA lesion and DSB repair mechanisms, upon irradiation with low and high-LET radiation, respectively. We also analyse factors influencing DNA repair efficiency. Inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways and dysfunctional cell-cycle checkpoint sensitises tumour cells to IR. Radio-sensitising agents, including DNA-PK inhibitors, Rad51 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, ATM/ATR inhibitors, chk1 inhibitors, wee1 kinase inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have been found to enhance cell killing by IR through interference with DDRs, cell-cycle arrest, or other cellular processes. The cotreatment of these inhibitors with IR may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Research Center for Ecological Impacts and Environmental Health Effects of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gorecki L, Andrs M, Rezacova M, Korabecny J. Discovery of ATR kinase inhibitor berzosertib (VX-970, M6620): Clinical candidate for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107518. [PMID: 32109490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance, radioresistance, and the challenge of achieving complete resection are major driving forces in the search for more robust and targeted anticancer therapies. Targeting the DNA damage response has recently attracted research interest, as these processes are enhanced in tumour cells. The major replication stress responder is ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase, which is attracting attention worldwide with four drug candidates currently in phase I/II clinical trials. This review addresses a potent and selective small-molecule ATR inhibitor, which is known as VX-970 (also known as berzosertib or M6620), and summarizes the existing preclinical data to provide deep insight regarding its real potential. We also outline the transition from preclinical to clinical studies, as well as its relationships with other clinical candidates (AZD6738, VX-803 [M4344], and BAY1895344). The results suggest that VX-970 is indeed a promising anticancer drug that can be used both as monotherapy and in combination with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy strategies. Based on patient anamnesis and biomarker identification, VX-970 could become a valuable tool for oncologists in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rezacova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Hua Y, Wang W, Zheng X, Yang L, Wu H, Hu Z, Li Y, Yue J, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Hou Q, Wu S. NVP-BSK805, an Inhibitor of JAK2 Kinase, Significantly Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:745-755. [PMID: 32158193 PMCID: PMC7047839 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s203048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Radiotherapy is one major curative treatment modality for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. This study aimed to find out small-molecular kinase inhibitors, which can significantly enhance the radiosensitivity of ESCC in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods Ninety-three kinase inhibitors were tested for their radiosensitizing effect in ESCC cells through high-content screening. The radiosensitizing effect of kinase inhibitors was investigated in vitro by detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and clonogenic survival assay. By the establishment of xenograft tumor models in BALB/c nude mice, the radiosensitizing effect of kinase inhibitors was investigated in vivo. Results Among the 93 kinase inhibitors tested, we found NVP-BSK805, an inhibitor of JAK2 kinase, significantly radiosensitized ESCC cells through enhancing DSBs, inhibiting DNA damage repair and arresting cell cycle in G2/M or G0/G1 phase. After treatment with NVP-BSK805, ESCC cells showed decreased clonogenic survival and delayed tumor growth in vivo. JAK2 kinase was highly expressed in tumor tissues of ESCC patients, while rarely expressed in matched normal esophageal epithelial tissues. Survival analysis revealed JAK2 kinase as a prognostic factor of ESCC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion Our study discovered JAK2 kinase as an attractive target to enhance the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yue
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hou
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, People's Republic of China
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da Silva RB, Machado CR, Rodrigues ARA, Pedrosa AL. Selective human inhibitors of ATR and ATM render Leishmania major promastigotes sensitive to oxidative damage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205033. [PMID: 30265735 PMCID: PMC6161909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cellular processes, including those involved in normal cell metabolism to those responsible for cell proliferation or death, are finely controlled by cell signaling pathways, whose core proteins constitute the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs). Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) are two important PIKK proteins that act in response to DNA damage, phosphorylating a large number of proteins to exert control over genomic integrity. The genus Leishmania belongs to a group of early divergent eukaryotes in evolution and has a highly plastic genome, probably owing to the existence of signaling pathways designed to maintain genomic integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific human inhibitors of ATR and ATM in Leishmania major. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the existence of the putative PIKK genes ATR and ATM, in addition to mTOR and DNA-PKcs in Leishmania spp. Moreover, it was possible to suggest that the inhibitors VE-821 and KU-55933 have binding affinity for the catalytic sites of putative L. major ATR and ATM, respectively. Promastigotes of L. major exposed to these inhibitors show slight growth impairment and minor changes in cell cycle and morphology. It is noteworthy that treatment of promastigotes with inhibitors VE-821 and KU-55933 enhanced the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. These inhibitors could significantly reduce the number of surviving L. major cells following H2O2 exposure whilst also decreasing their evaluated IC50 to H2O2 to less than half of that observed for non-treated cells. These results suggest that the use of specific inhibitors of ATR and ATM in Leishmania interferes in the signaling pathways of this parasite, which can impair its tolerance to DNA damage and affect its genome integrity. ATR and ATM could constitute novel targets for drug development and/or repositioning for treatment of leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Bernardes da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aldo Rogelis Aquiles Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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11
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Šalovská B, Janečková H, Fabrik I, Karlíková R, Čecháková L, Ondrej M, Link M, Friedecký D, Tichý A. Radio-sensitizing effects of VE-821 and beyond: Distinct phosphoproteomic and metabolomic changes after ATR inhibition in irradiated MOLT-4 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199349. [PMID: 30001349 PMCID: PMC6042708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current anti-cancer strategy takes advantage of tumour specific abnormalities in DNA damage response to radio- or chemo-therapy. Inhibition of the ATR/Chk1 pathway has been shown to be synthetically lethal in cells with high levels of oncogene-induced replication stress and in p53- or ATM- deficient cells. In the presented study, we aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying radiosensitization of T-lymphocyte leukemic MOLT-4 cells by VE-821, a higly potent and specific inhibitor of ATR. We combined multiple approaches: cell biology techniques to reveal the inhibitor-induced phenotypes, and quantitative proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics to comprehensively describe drug-induced changes in irradiated cells. VE-821 radiosensitized MOLT-4 cells, and furthermore 10 μM VE-821 significantly affected proliferation of sham-irradiated MOLT-4 cells. We detected 623 differentially regulated phosphorylation sites. We revealed changes not only in DDR-related pathways and kinases, but also in pathways and kinases involved in maintaining cellular metabolism. Notably, we found downregulation of mTOR, the main regulator of cellular metabolism, which was most likely caused by an off-target effect of the inhibitor, and we propose that mTOR inhibition could be one of the factors contributing to the phenotype observed after treating MOLT-4 cells with 10 μM VE-821. In the metabolomic analysis, 206 intermediary metabolites were detected. The data indicated that VE-821 potentiated metabolic disruption induced by irradiation and affected the response to irradiation-induced oxidative stress. Upon irradiation, recovery of damaged deoxynucleotides might be affected by VE-821, hampering DNA repair by their deficiency. Taken together, this is the first study describing a complex scenario of cellular events that might be ATR-dependent or triggered by ATR inhibition in irradiated MOLT-4 cells. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Šalovská
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Janečková
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Karlíková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Čecháková
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ondrej
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Link
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Tichý
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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12
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Hernandez-Armenta C, Ochoa D, Gonçalves E, Saez-Rodriguez J, Beltrao P. Benchmarking substrate-based kinase activity inference using phosphoproteomic data. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1845-1851. [PMID: 28200105 PMCID: PMC5870625 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Phosphoproteomic experiments are increasingly used to study the changes in signaling occurring across different conditions. It has been proposed that changes in phosphorylation of kinase target sites can be used to infer when a kinase activity is under regulation. However, these approaches have not yet been benchmarked due to a lack of appropriate benchmarking strategies. Results We used curated phosphoproteomic experiments and a gold standard dataset containing a total of 184 kinase-condition pairs where regulation is expected to occur to benchmark and compare different kinase activity inference strategies: Z-test, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and a multiple linear regression model. We also tested weighted variants of the Z-test and GSEA that include information on kinase sequence specificity as proxy for affinity. Finally, we tested how the number of known substrates and the type of evidence (in vivo, in vitro or in silico) supporting these influence the predictions. Conclusions Most models performed well with the Z-test and the GSEA performing best as determined by the area under the ROC curve (Mean AUC = 0.722). Weighting kinase targets by the kinase target sequence preference improves the results marginally. However, the number of known substrates and the evidence supporting the interactions has a strong effect on the predictions. Availability and Implementation The KSEA implementation is available in https://github.com/ evocellnet/ksea. Additional data is available in http://phosfate.com Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ochoa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Emanuel Gonçalves
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.,RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
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Qiu Z, Oleinick NL, Zhang J. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors and cancer therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 126:450-464. [PMID: 29054375 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle checkpoint proteins ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and its major downstream effector checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) prevent the entry of cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA into mitosis when the cells are challenged by DNA damaging agents, such as radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapeutic drugs, that are the major modalities to treat cancer. This regulation is particularly evident in cells with a defective G1 checkpoint, a common feature of cancer cells, due to p53 mutations. In addition, ATR and/or CHK1 suppress replication stress (RS) by inhibiting excess origin firing, particularly in cells with activated oncogenes. Those functions of ATR/CHK1 make them ideal therapeutic targets. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors have been developed and are currently used either as single agents or paired with radiotherapy or a variety of genotoxic chemotherapies in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review the status of the development of ATR and CHK1 inhibitors. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which ATR and CHK1 inhibition induces cell killing in the presence or absence of exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as RT and chemotherapeutic agents. Lastly, we discuss synthetic lethality interactions between the inhibition of ATR/CHK1 and defects in other DNA damage response (DDR) pathways/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Nancy L Oleinick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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14
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He G, Di X, Sun X, Yan J, Zhang S. Analysis of radio-sensitization patents in China from 2006 to 2015. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017. [PMID: 28621575 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1344222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is by means of ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells, inhibit and control the growth, metastasis and diffusion of tumor cells. During the last few decades, application of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and surgery are clinical mainstream treatments. However, little is known what radio-sensitization agents have been patented in China and what the potential drug candidates for patents are in China. Areas covered: This reviews covers research and patent literature of the last 10 years dealing with the discovery and development of novel radio-sensitization patents in China. Expert opinion: The 94 radio-sensitization patents granted from 2006 to 2015 mainly focus on six types of products. They are: traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), synthetic compounds, combinations of synthetic compounds and TCM, biological products, medical apparatus and others. In the course of tumor treatment, radiotherapy occupies an irreplaceable position. Previously believed that due to the prevalence of hypoxic cells in solid tumors, most of the tumor exist a certain degree of radiation resistance. To find effective ways to improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation therapy has become a focus in scientific research and clinical treatment. So radiation sensitivity has been proposed and widely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng He
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Di
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P. R. China.,b Clinical Research Center , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
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15
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Beyaert M, Starczewska E, Pérez ACG, Vanlangendonck N, Saussoy P, Tilman G, De Leener A, Vekemans MC, Van Den Neste E, Bontemps F. Reevaluation of ATR signaling in primary resting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: evidence for pro-survival or pro-apoptotic function. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56906-56920. [PMID: 28915641 PMCID: PMC5593612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM, primarily activated by DNA double-strand breaks, and ATR, activated by single-stranded DNA, are master regulators of the cellular response to DNA damage. In primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, ATR signaling is considered to be switched off due to ATR downregulation. Here, we hypothesized that ATR, though expressed at low protein level, could play a role in primary resting CLL cells after genotoxic stress. By investigating the response of CLL cells to UV-C irradiation, a prototypical activator of ATR, we could detect phosphorylation of ATR at Thr-1989, a marker for ATR activation, and also observed that selective ATR inhibitors markedly decreased UV-C-induced phosphorylation of ATR targets, including H2AX and p53. Similar results were obtained with the purine analogs fludarabine and cladribine that were also shown to activate ATR and induce ATR-dependent phosphorylation of H2AX and p53. In addition, ATR inhibition was found to sensitize primary CLL cells to UV-C by decreasing DNA repair synthesis. Conversely, ATR inhibition rescued CLL cells against purine analogs by reducing expression of the pro-apoptotic genes PUMA and BAX. Collectively, our study indicates that ATR signaling can be activated in resting CLL cells and play a pro-survival or pro-apoptotic role, depending on the genotoxic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Beyaert
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eliza Starczewska
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Vanlangendonck
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Saussoy
- Service de Biologie clinique, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Tilman
- Center for Human Genetic, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne De Leener
- Center for Human Genetic, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christiane Vekemans
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Den Neste
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Bontemps
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ghelli Luserna di Rora’ A, Iacobucci I, Martinelli G. The cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of leukemias. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:77. [PMID: 28356161 PMCID: PMC5371185 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in the treatment of cancers has recently reached an exciting stage with several cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors that are now being tested in several clinical trials in cancer patients. Although the great amount of pre-clinical and clinical data are from the solid tumor experience, only few studies have been done on leukemias using specific cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. This review aims to summarize the most recent data found on the biological mechanisms of the response to DNA damages highlighting the role of the different elements of the DDR pathway in normal and cancer cells and focusing on the main genetic alteration or aberrant gene expression that has been found on acute and chronic leukemias. This review, for the first time, outlines the most important pre-clinical and clinical data available on the efficacy of cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors in single agent and in combination with different agents normally used for the treatment of acute and chronic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Iacobucci
- Department of Hematology and Medical Sciences “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
- Present: Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - G. Martinelli
- Department of Hematology and Medical Sciences “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
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Durisova K, Salovska B, Pejchal J, Tichy A. Chemical inhibition of DNA repair kinases as a promising tool in oncology. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:11-9. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Hazuková R, Řezáčová M, Kočí J, Čermáková E, Pleskot M. Severe deoxyribonucleic acid damage after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in successfully resuscitated humans. Int J Cardiol 2016; 207:33-5. [PMID: 26788819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hazuková
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Řezáčová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Kočí
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Computer Technology Center, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Pleskot
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Alsubhi N, Middleton F, Abdel-Fatah TMA, Stephens P, Doherty R, Arora A, Moseley PM, Chan SYT, Aleskandarany MA, Green AR, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Martin SG, Curtin NJ, Madhusudan S. Chk1 phosphorylated at serine345 is a predictor of early local recurrence and radio-resistance in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:213-23. [PMID: 26459098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced DNA damage activates the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR up-regulation may predict radio-resistance and increase the risk of early local recurrence despite radiotherapy in early stage breast cancers. In 1755 early stage breast cancers, DDR signalling [ATM, ATR, total Ckh1, Chk1 phosphorylated at serine(345) (pChk1), Chk2, p53], base excision repair [PARP1, POLβ, XRCC1, FEN1, SMUG1], non-homologous end joining (Ku70/Ku80, DNA-PKcs) and homologous recombination [RAD51, BRCA1, γH2AX, BLM, WRN, RECQL5, PTEN] protein expression was correlated to time to early local recurrence. Pre-clinically, radio-sensitization by inhibition of Chk1 activation by ATR inhibitor (VE-821) and inhibition of Chk1 (V158411) were investigated in MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) and MCF-7 (p53 wild-type) breast cancer cells. In the whole cohort, 208/1755 patients (11.9%) developed local recurrence of which 126 (61%) developed local recurrence within 5 years of initiation of primary therapy. Of the 20 markers tested, only pChk1 and p53 significantly associated with early local recurrence (p value = 0.015 and 0.010, respectively). When analysed together, high cytoplasmic pChk1-nuclear pChk1 (p = 0.039), high cytoplasmic pChk1-p53 (p = 0.004) and high nuclear pChk1-p53 (p = 0.029) co-expression remain significantly linked to early local recurrence. In multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic pChk1 level independently predicted early local recurrence (p = 0.025). In patients who received adjuvant local radiotherapy (n = 949), p53 (p = 0.014) and high cytoplasmic pChk1-p53 (p = 0.017) remain associated with early local recurrence. Pre-clinically, radio-sensitisation by VE-821 or V158411 was observed in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and was more pronounced in MCF-7 cells. We conclude that pChk1 is a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy resistance and early local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Alsubhi
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Fiona Middleton
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Peter Stephens
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rachel Doherty
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Arvind Arora
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Paul M Moseley
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Stephen Y T Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG51PB, UK; Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG51PB, UK.
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20
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Targeting the Checkpoint to Kill Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1912-37. [PMID: 26295265 PMCID: PMC4598780 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and most of the chemotherapies act by damaging DNA of cancer cells. Upon DNA damage, cells stop proliferation at cell cycle checkpoints, which provides them time for DNA repair. Inhibiting the checkpoint allows entry to mitosis despite the presence of DNA damage and can lead to cell death. Importantly, as cancer cells exhibit increased levels of endogenous DNA damage due to an excessive replication stress, inhibiting the checkpoint kinases alone could act as a directed anti-cancer therapy. Here, we review the current status of inhibitors targeted towards the checkpoint effectors and discuss mechanisms of their actions in killing of cancer cells.
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21
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Papanastasopoulos P, Stebbing J, Giamas G. Broader implications of SILAC-based proteomics for dissecting signaling dynamics in cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:713-31. [PMID: 25345469 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.971115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale transcriptome and epigenome analyses have been widely utilized to discover gene alterations implicated in cancer development at the genetic level. However, mapping of signaling dynamics at the protein level is likely to be more insightful and needed to complement massive genomic data. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomic analysis represents one of the most promising comparative quantitative methods that has been extensively employed in proteomic research. This technology allows for global, robust and confident identification and quantification of signal perturbations important for the progress of human diseases, particularly malignancies. The present review summarizes the latest applications of in vitro and in vivo SILAC-based proteomics in identifying global proteome/phosphoproteome and genome-wide protein-protein interactions that contribute to oncogenesis, highlighting the recent advances in dissecting signaling dynamics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, ICTEM Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
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