1
|
Siol M, Dudek A, Bryś J, Mańko-Jurkowska D, Gruczyńska-Sękowska E, Makouie S, Palani BK, Obranović M, Koczoń P. Chromatographic and Thermal Characteristics, and Hydrolytic and Oxidative Stability of Commercial Pomegranate Seed Oil. Foods 2024; 13:1370. [PMID: 38731741 PMCID: PMC11083541 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The current investigations were aimed at the determination of the hydrolytic and oxidative stability of commercial pomegranate seed oils provided by four different producers, and to assess the oils' primary quality parameters. During storage, many changes occur in oils that can significantly affect their quality. The oils were tested for acid and peroxide values, fatty acid profile, and their distribution between the sn-1,3 and sn-2 positions of triacylglycerols. The oxidative stability was also determined, and melting curves were plotted for the oils. The analyzed oils were stored for one month in a dark place at refrigerator temperature. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the acid values for most oils did not exceed the permissible level determined by the Codex Alimentarius. However, in all oils, the peroxide value exceeded the permissible level set by the standard EN ISO 3960:2017-03 and the Codex Alimentarius after the one-month storage period. The examined pomegranate seed oils were found to be valuable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially punicic acid, which was the most abundant fatty acid present in these oils. In all analyzed oils, linoleic acid predominated in the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerols. Pomegranate seed oils did not exhibit good oxidative stability, as the oxidation induction times for all tested oils were very short. The storage period significantly affected the content of the primary oxidation products and oxidative stability of the oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siol
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Dudek
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Joanna Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Diana Mańko-Jurkowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Eliza Gruczyńska-Sękowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Sina Makouie
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Bharani Kumar Palani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Marko Obranović
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (A.D.); (J.B.); (D.M.-J.); (E.G.-S.); (S.M.); (B.K.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abu‐Niaaj LF, Al‐Daghistani HI, Katampe I, Abu‐Irmaileh B, Bustanji YK. Pomegranate peel: Bioactivities as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2818-2832. [PMID: 38628214 PMCID: PMC11016432 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of six pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) as antibacterial and antiproliferative agents. The Six PPEs were prepared using four solvent systems and each filtrate was concentrated to a gummy material to be used in the evaluation. The well-diffusion method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against bacteria typically associated with food spoilage: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and three Bacillus species. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3), and fibroblasts (MRC-5). The antioxidant evaluation was done using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. The pH of the water-containing extracts was acidic and almost the same over 6 weeks. The six PPEs inhibited the bacterial growth in a comparable level to standard antibiotics. The effectiveness of each extract was dependent on the bacterial strain, and the Listeria showed a remarkable inhibition when exposed to the aqueous extract prepared at room temperature (RT). The aqueous (RT) and methanol PPEs had a significant antioxidant scavenging capability and a remarkable cytotoxic activity against the PC3 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 μg/mL. The boiled aqueous extract exhibited antiproliferative activity against HCT116 with an IC50 of 21.45 μg/mL. The effect on SKOV-3 and fibroblasts was insignificant. With the exception of butanol, the antioxidant screening shows an inverse correlation between the polarity of the extraction solvent and the IC50 exhibited by the PPEs. The variation in the effectiveness of PPEs is suggested to be due to variable soluble bioactive compounds that may interact differently with different cells, though water-containing extracts are promising antibacterial agents. The findings clearly show that pomegranate peel possessed the potential to be an eco-friendly novel source for natural compounds that can be implemented in the food industry as a natural antimicrobial and natural food additive to prevent foodborne illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna F. Abu‐Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and AgricultureCentral State UniversityWilberforceOhioUSA
| | - Hala I. Al‐Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesAl‐Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Ibrahim Katampe
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and AgricultureCentral State UniversityWilberforceOhioUSA
| | | | - Yasser K. Bustanji
- College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyThe University of JordanAmmanJordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stokes SD, Lewis CC, Mayberry TG, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. A holistic approach to prostate cancer treatment: natural products as enhancers to a medically minded approach. Med Oncol 2023; 40:343. [PMID: 37906337 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) has historically been the most diagnosed cancer in men. Though treatment for prostate cancer is often effective, it is also often very taxing on the body and commonly has negative quality of life implications. One such example is androgen suppression therapy (AST), which has severe side effects that can be mitigated through physical activity. Natural agents and protocols are increasingly studied for their merit against cancer and for their potential to treat cancer in ways that preserve the quality of life. Many agents and lifestyle choices have been shown to have success against prostate cancer. There is promising evidence that simple treatments such as green tea, pomegranate, and a regular exercise routine can be effective against prostate cancer. These treatments have the potential to enhance current treatment protocols. In this review, we will discuss the viability of many natural agents as treatments for prostate cancer and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney D Stokes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Cade C Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Trenton G Mayberry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghaemi F, Emadzadeh M, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T, Zengin G, Sahebkar A. Impact of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4429-4441. [PMID: 37461211 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of polyphenol-rich fruits in decreasing cardiovascular mortality, the impact of pomegranate juice (PJ) on blood pressure is still unclear. To determine the effect of PJ on blood pressure. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched comprehensively using relevant keywords. All studies using pomegranate juice alone were included although limited to human studies and the English language. A random-effects model and the generic inverse variance approach were used to determine quantitative data synthesis. Meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials (n = 573 individuals) demonstrated a reduction in systolic BP (SBP) with pomegranate juice (MD: -5.02 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.55 to -2.48, p < 0.001). Effect of study duration showed pomegranate juice intake ≤2 months significantly decreased SBP (MD: -4.59 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.10 to -2.08, p < 0.001) and DBP (MD: -2.94 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.25 to -0.63, p = 0.01). Consumption of ≤300 mL pomegranate juice daily reduced SBP (MD: -6.11 mmHg, 95% CI: -9.22 to -3.00, p < 0.001). Counterintuitively, >300 mL/day of pomegranate juice showed no effect on SBP (MD: -3.28 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.85 to 0.27, p = 0.07) but a significant DBP reduction occurred (MD: -3.10 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.74 to -0.47, p = 0.02). Meta-regression showed that the SBP-lowering effect of pomegranate juice was associated with the dose of supplementation (p < 0.001). Pomegranate juice appeared to decrease SBP and DBP in a dose-dependent manner, but the benefit was lost after 2 months of pomegranate juice intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghaemi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Physiology Research Laboratory, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cold-Pressed Pomegranate Seed Oil: Study of Punicic Acid Properties by Coupling of GC/FID and FTIR. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185863. [PMID: 36144599 PMCID: PMC9501365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, we have witnessed an increasing interest in food-related products containing vegetable oils. These oils can be obtained either by extraction or by mechanical pressing of different parts of plants (e.g., seeds, fruit, and drupels). Producers of nutraceuticals have ceaselessly searched for unique and effective natural ingredients. The enormous success of argan oil has been followed by discoveries of other interesting vegetable oils (e.g., pomegranate oil) containing several bioactives. This work describes the pomegranate fruit extract and seed oil as a rich source of conjugated linolenic acid as a metabolite of punicic acid (PA), deriving from the omega-5 family (ω-5). Through the chemical characterization of PA, its nutritional and therapeutic properties are highlighted together with the physiological properties that encourage its use in human nutrition. We analyzed the composition of all fatty acids with beneficial properties occurring in pomegranate seed oil using gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detection (FID) analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pomegranate seed oil mainly consists of 9,11,13-octadic-trienoic acid (18:3), corresponding to 73 wt % of the total fatty acids. Nine components were identified by GC in PSO, varying between 0.58 and 73.19 wt %. Using midinfrared (MIR) spectroscopy, we compared the composition of pomegranate seed oil with that of meadowfoam seed oil (MSO), which is also becoming increasingly popular in the food industry due to its high content of long chain fatty acids (C20-22), providing increased oil stability. From the results of FTIR and MIR spectroscopy, we found that punicic acid is unique in PSO (73.19 wt %) but not in MSO.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Niu Z, Wang X, Lu X, Sun J, Carpena M, Prieto M, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Liu C, Li N. The Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Potential Health Function and Comprehensive Utilization of Pomegranate: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhonglu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - M. Carpena
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - M.A. Prieto
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheshomi H, Bahrami AR, Rafatpanah H, Matin MM. The effects of ellagic acid and other pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) derivatives on human gastric cancer AGS cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211064534. [PMID: 35179410 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211064534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although surgery with or without (neo)adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy, as the standard treatments, can be suitable therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer, side effects and drug resistance are two main treatment obstacles. It has been discovered that pomegranate and its natural derivatives, especially ellagic acid (EA), offer significant anti-cancer effects while causing trivial side effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the anti-cancer effects of EA on a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) as well as in immunocompromised mice bearing human gastric tumors, for the first time. HPLC was used for determining EA in samples. MTT assay, apoptosis and scratch assay, gelatin zymography, and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the anti-cancer properties of different concentrations of pomegranate fruit juice, pomegranate peel extract, and EA. Furthermore, the effects of these compounds were investigated on immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice carrying human gastric cancer tumors. EA could inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. It also had significant effects on reducing both expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Further, it was demonstrated that with alterations in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation including P53, BAX, APAF1, BCL2, iNOS, NF-κB, IL-8, and TNF-α, EA treatment led to increased cancer cell death and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, its use in mice bearing gastric tumors resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume without any obvious side effects. Ellagic acid exhibited anti-cancer effects on gastric adenocarcinoma, and can be considered as a safe anti-cancer agent for further preclinical studies on this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Cheshomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fahmy HA, Farag MA. Ongoing and potential novel trends of pomegranate fruit peel; a comprehensive review of its health benefits and future perspectives as nutraceutical. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14024. [PMID: 34923641 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient shrub, globally distributed nowadays. It has been used in the middle east as a medicinal food and traditional medicine for thousands of years. Pomegranate peel (PP) constitutes about 50% of the total fruit, however, it has been previously regarded as a waste. Recent research points to PP as a rich source of phenolics (e.g., ellagitannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), polysaccharides, in addition to its biotransformed metabolites viz. urolithins making it a valuable waste with promising pharmacological actions. Compared to the pulp and the juice, PP exhibited stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Besides, it inhibited inflammation in several conditions, including colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, contact dermatitis, and lung inflammation. Moreover, it displayed anti-osteoporosis, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, vasculoprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it was effective as a prebiotic and in obesity control, besides it promoted wound healing. Furthermore, PP demonstrated anticancer effects against different cancer types, for example, colon, liver, thyroid, uterine, breast, bladder, prostate, leukemia, and osteosarcoma. Despite PP safety, it may interfere with the metabolism of other drugs because it inhibits cytochromes (CYP) changing their bioavailability, effectiveness, and toxicity. PP biowaste valorization not only avoids against its environmental and economic burden but can also provide a promising platform to produce novel or improved nutraceuticals. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PP biological activities with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemicals and further biotransformed metabolites inside the body. Future research prospects to unravel the merits of such waste and optimize its use are discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pomegranate is widely distributed throughout the world. Although its peel was previously considered a waste, recent research regards it as a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. Its recycling not only overcomes the bio-waste problems, but also provides a source of valuable compounds with several health benefits. In recent years, PP has been demonstrated to exhibit excellent pharmacological bioactivities, for example, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Its health-promoting power is mostly attributed to the phenolic and polysaccharide content, in addition to its amazing biotransformed metabolites. The underlying action mechanisms of such pharmacological activities are discussed and related to its chemical content. This review presents the latest research progress on the role of PP in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, and its protective health effects for future research to be used in nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Profiling of Pomegranate-pericarp Extract Functionalized-zinc Oxide Nanocomposite. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:728-737. [PMID: 34720608 PMCID: PMC8548265 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement in green nanotechnology, considerable attention is being given to the synthesis of different kinds of nanomaterials for biological applications. In this study, zinc oxide nanocomposites (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) pericarp ethanolic extract (PE) by the chemical precipitation method. The prepared ZnO NPs showed a characteristic peak at 270 nm in the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and chemical bond stretching in the Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra, indicated the formation of PE-functionalized zinc oxide nanocomposite (PE-ZnO NPs). The SEM results showed agglomerated PE-ZnO NPs of a spherical shape with an average size of 80-100 nm. Moreover, biological assessment of the PE-ZnO NPs revealed significant scavenging activity in DPPH (116.5%) and ABTS·+ (95.2%) radical assay methods, and substantial antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, PE-ZnO NPs showed about 96.3% of cell viability for human HaCaT cells at the maximum concentration (100 µg/mL), marked as a reliable bioactive agent. Therefore, the developed PE-ZnO NPs were elucidated with substantial ROS scavenger and non-antibiotic antibacterial agent and hence, can be applied in respective biological applications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong TL, Strandberg KR, Croley CR, Fraser SE, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Fimognari C, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Pomegranate bioactive constituents target multiple oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling for cancer prevention and intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:265-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
11
|
Erdoğan MK, Ağca CA, Aşkın H. Quercetin and Luteolin Improve the Anticancer Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model: A Mechanistic Insight. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:660-676. [PMID: 34309458 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of quercetin and luteolin combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Cell viability induced by quercetin, luteolin and combination of these compounds with 5-FU were determined by MTT assay, also Cell death detection Elisa assay and fluorescence microscopy were performed to investigate apoptotic effects. Hu-VEGF Elisa assay was employed to determine the effects of treatments on angiogenesis. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate effects on p53, Bax, Bcl-2, p38 MAPK, mTOR, PTEN, and Akt proteins and genes. The results indicated that quercetin, luteolin and combinations of these compounds with 5-FU inhibited the growth of HT 29 cells. Compared to the control, apoptosis were triggered 8.1 and 10.1 fold in HT-29 cells, that treated with quercetin + 5-FU and luteolin + 5-FU, respectively. VEGF amount significantly decreased by combined treatments. qRT-PCR and western blot results demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin and the combinations of these flavonoids with 5-FU, modulate the apoptotic pathways in HT-29 cells. The increase in p53, Bax, p38 MAPK, and PTEN gene expression levels compared to the control group was 1.71, 1.42, 3.26, and 3.29-fold with 5-FU + L treatment, respectively, while this increase was 8.43, 1.65, 3.55, and 3.54-fold with 5-FU + Q treatment, respectively. In addition, when the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, mTOR, and Akt gene expression levels were normalized as 1 in the control group, they were 0.28, 0.41, and 0.22 with 5-FU + L treatment, and 0.32, 0.46, and 0.39, respectively, with 5-FU + Q treatment. These findings suggested that quercetin and luteolin synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of 5-FU in HT 29 cells and may therefore minimize the toxic effects of 5-FU in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadir Erdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lafnoune A, Lee SY, Heo JY, Gourja I, Darkaoui B, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Chgoury F, Daoudi K, Chakir S, Cadi R, Mounaji K, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Shum D, Seo HR, Oukkache N. Anti-Cancer Effect of Moroccan Cobra Naja haje Venom and Its Fractions against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 3D Cell Culture. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060402. [PMID: 34199838 PMCID: PMC8229680 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in adults, the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related death. An alternative to the surgical treatments and drugs, such as sorafenib, commonly used in medicine is necessary to overcome this public health problem. In this study, we determine the anticancer effect on HCC of Moroccan cobra Naja haje venom and its fraction obtained by gel filtration chromatography against Huh7.5 cancer cell line. Cells were grown together with WI38 human fibroblast cells, LX2 human hepatic stellate cell line, and human endothelial cells (HUVEC) in MCTS (multi-cellular tumor spheroids) models. The hepatotoxicity of venom and its fractions were also evaluated using the normal hepatocytes cell line (Fa2N-4 cells). Our results showed that an anti HCC activity of Moroccan cobra Naja haje venom and, more specifically, the F7 fraction of gel filtration chromatography exhibited the greatest anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect by decreasing the size of MCTS. This effect is associated with a low toxicity against normal hepatocytes. These results strongly suggest that the F7 fraction of Moroccan cobra Naja haje venom obtained by gel filtration chromatography possesses the ability to inhibit cancer cells proliferation. More research is needed to identify the specific molecule(s) responsible for the anticancer effect and investigate their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Lafnoune
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie, Génétique Moléculaire & Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seong-nam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (H.-R.S.)
| | - Jin-Yeong Heo
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seong-nam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Imane Gourja
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Bouchra Darkaoui
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie, Génétique Moléculaire & Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Fatima Chgoury
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Khadija Daoudi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie, Génétique Moléculaire & Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Salma Chakir
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Rachida Cadi
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie, Génétique Moléculaire & Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Khadija Mounaji
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie, Génétique Moléculaire & Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - David Shum
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seong-nam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Haeng-Ran Seo
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seong-nam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (H.-R.S.)
| | - Naoual Oukkache
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco; (A.L.); (I.G.); (B.D.); (F.C.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum). ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
14
|
Chemical and physical attributes of fruit juice and peel of pomegranate genotypes grown in Florida, USA. Food Chem 2020; 342:128302. [PMID: 33060002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The global demand for pomegranate has led to increasing research and improvement of cultivars that produce higher antioxidant compounds. The current study was carried out to evaluate the bioactive constituents and physical properties of fourteen pomegranate genotypes grown in the subtropical region of Florida. There were differences in aril color among genotypes. The highest total anthocyanin content was found in 'Ariana', 'Molla Nepes', and 'Parfianka' genotypes. Furthermore, total anthocyanin content in peel ranged from 2.14 to 10.86 mg/100 g dry weight. Total phenolic content in the pomegranate fruit juice differed significantly among genotypes, varying from 365.71 to 1167.40 mg/L. Moreover, total phenolic content in the fruit peel ranged from 1313.08 to 1700.07 mg/L. Total phenolic compounds and reducing power activity in peel tissues were greater than in pomegranate juice. Reducing power activity and titratable acidity were positively and significantly correlated with total anthocyanin content.
Collapse
|
15
|
Del Bubba M, Di Serio C, Renai L, Scordo CVA, Checchini L, Ungar A, Tarantini F, Bartoletti R. Vaccinium myrtillus
L. extract and its native polyphenol‐recombined mixture have anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects on human prostate cancer cell lines. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1089-1098. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Di Serio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry University of Florence Florence Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Ungar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Francesca Tarantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Riccardo Bartoletti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fahmy H, Hegazi N, El-Shamy S, Farag MA. Pomegranate juice as a functional food: a comprehensive review of its polyphenols, therapeutic merits, and recent patents. Food Funct 2020; 11:5768-5781. [PMID: 32608443 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an ancient perennial plant species of the Punicaceae family and is regarded as the 'miracle fruit' for its seeds being consumed as food, juice and as a functional food. Significant modern pharmacological and clinical evidence has highlighted the wide medicinal applications of pomegranate fruit parts and its juice. Pomegranate juice (PJ) that is superior to other fruit juices is a fortified source of dietary polyphenols with potential antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols of PJ include tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. The presence of these beneficial phytochemicals is directly linked to its favourable health benefits viz., obesity and diabetes management and anti-inflammatory effects. This comprehensive review capitalizes on PJ with emphasis on the interrelationship between its holistic chemical composition, metabolism and biological effects. Moreover, the review recapitulates on the diverse health benefits of PJ and related patents in the field of PJ production to ensure the best produced juice quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Fahmy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu Z, Xu J, Shao M, Zou J. Germacrone Induces Apoptosis as Well as Protective Autophagy in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4009-4016. [PMID: 32547235 PMCID: PMC7264030 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germacrone, a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Curcuma, has been reported to exhibit antitumor activities in vitro. To further understand the antitumor mechanism of germacrone, we investigated the growth inhibitory effect of germacrone on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 (androgen independent) and 22RV1 (androgen dependent). Materials and Methods Prostate cancer cells were cultured with different concentrations of germacrone, and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The levels of proteins were measured by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Images of autophagy-related protein staining were captured by fluorescence microscopy. Autophagic flux was assessed by detecting the LC3B-II level. Results Our results indicated that germacrone treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 259 μM for PC-3 cells and 396.9 μM for 22RV1 cells. Germacrone-treated cells also exhibited induction of autophagy, as evidenced by elevated LC3B-II protein expression levels and punctuate patterns. Additionally, an autophagy inhibitor enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of germacrone. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was inhibited in germacrone-treated prostate cancer cells. Conclusion Germacrone induced apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Germacrone treatment also led to the activation of protective autophagy. These findings suggest that germacrone may potentially contribute to the development of a new therapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Shao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230031, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mete M, Ünsal ÜÜ, Aydemir I, Sönmez PK, Tuglu MI. Punicic Acid Inhibits Glioblastoma Migration and Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1120-1131. [PMID: 30950355 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190405112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punicic Acid (PA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that accounts for approximately 70%- 80% of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO). PA possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic effects, and anti-tumorigenic properties. Pomegranate extracts have been shown to have anticancer activity in many studies. However, there is no evidence for the effect of PSO on T98 glioblastoma cells. Therefore, the present study was the first to investigate the mechanisms induced by PA on T98 cells, which is one of the major compounds extracted from PSO. METHODS The effects of PA on cell viability; oxidative stress; and migration, proliferation, and apoptosis at the IC50 dose were studied. RESULTS The proliferation and migration were inhibited in the treated group compared to the non-treated group by 9.85µl/ml PA. The difference was statistically significant (***p<0.001). Furthermore, PA-induced apoptosis in the T98 glioblastoma cells compared to non-treated group and the difference was statistically significant (***p<0.001). Apoptosis was determined via immunocytochemistry staining of caspase-3, caspase-9 and TUNEL methods. Apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry (using caspase 3 methods) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis. We also investigated the potential signaling pathway underlying this apoptotic effect. The immunocytochemical stainings of PI3K/ Akt-1/ mTOR-1 demonstrated that Akt-1 staining was increased with PA treatment similar to mTOR-1 and PI3K staining (***p<0.001). These increases were statistically significant compared to the non-treated group. CONCLUSION PA exhibited exceptional abilities as an anticancer agent against GBM cells. The use of punicic acid in combination with other drugs used in the treatment of glioblastoma may increase the efficacy of the treatment. This study provided a basis for future investigation of its use in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Mete
- Neurosurgery Department, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ülkün Ünlü Ünsal
- Neurosurgery Department, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işıl Aydemir
- Histology-Embryology Department, School of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Pınar K Sönmez
- Histology-Embryology Department, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet I Tuglu
- Histology-Embryology Department, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chaves FM, Pavan ICB, da Silva LGS, de Freitas LB, Rostagno MA, Antunes AEC, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts are Able to Inhibit Proliferation, Migration and Colony Formation of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:54-62. [PMID: 31838616 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is known to contain polyphenols with many potential health benefits, including anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. It has been used in popular medicine for cancer treatment, which still represents the major cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Importantly, pomegranate peels are valuable by-products of the food industry that are rich in polyphenols. Here we report a comparison between juice and peel aqueous extracts in prostate cancer DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines. Both extracts were able to inhibit the proliferation, migration and colony formation of those cells, although peel extracts presented more robust effects compared to juice. Besides, the growth-related mTOR/S6K signaling pathway presented strong inhibition after pomegranate extracts treatment. This study presents evidence that both juice and isolated peel extracts from promegate fruit have important anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer cells, modulating the mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Machado Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dairy, Probiotics and Prebiotics Laboratory (LLPP), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (LABDIME), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia Broglio de Freitas
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (LABDIME), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Elisabete Costa Antunes
- Dairy, Probiotics and Prebiotics Laboratory (LLPP), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (LABDIME), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mc Cormack BA, Bilotas MA, Madanes D, Ricci AG, Singla JJ, Barañao RI. Potential use of ellagic acid for endometriosis treatment: its effect on a human endometrial cell cycle, adhesion and migration. Food Funct 2020; 11:4605-4614. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
EA treatment decreases cell adhesion and migration of endometrial cells and alters the progression of an endometrial stromal cell line cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Mc Cormack
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental
- (IBYME-CONICET)
- Buenos Aires C1428ADN
- Argentina
| | - M. A. Bilotas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental
- (IBYME-CONICET)
- Buenos Aires C1428ADN
- Argentina
| | - D. Madanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental
- (IBYME-CONICET)
- Buenos Aires C1428ADN
- Argentina
| | - A. G. Ricci
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental
- (IBYME-CONICET)
- Buenos Aires C1428ADN
- Argentina
| | - J. J. Singla
- Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”
- Buenos Aires C1120AAR
- Argentina
| | - R. I. Barañao
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental
- (IBYME-CONICET)
- Buenos Aires C1428ADN
- Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Livingstone TL, Beasy G, Mills RD, Plumb J, Needs PW, Mithen R, Traka MH. Plant Bioactives and the Prevention of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from Human Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092245. [PMID: 31540470 PMCID: PMC6769996 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer has become the most common form of non-cutaneous (internal) malignancy in men, accounting for 26% of all new male visceral cancer cases in the UK. The aetiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer are not understood, but given the age-adjusted geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence quoted in epidemiological studies, there is increasing interest in nutrition as a relevant factor. In particular, foods rich in phytochemicals have been proposed to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Epidemiological studies have reported evidence that plant-based foods including cruciferous vegetables, garlic, tomatoes, pomegranate and green tea are associated with a significant reduction in the progression of prostate cancer. However, while there is well-documented mechanistic evidence at a cellular level of the manner by which individual dietary components may reduce the risk of prostate cancer or its progression, evidence from intervention studies is limited. Moreover, clinical trials investigating the link between the dietary bioactives found in these foods and prostate cancer have reported varied conclusions. Herein, we review the plant bioactives for which there is substantial evidence from epidemiological and human intervention studies. The aim of this review is to provide important insights into how particular plant bioactives (e.g., sulfur-containing compounds, carotenoids and polyphenols) present in commonly consumed food groups may influence the development and progression of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L. Livingstone
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
- Urology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UY, UK;
| | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert D. Mills
- Urology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UY, UK;
| | - Jenny Plumb
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Richard Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 84 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 92019, New Zealand
| | - Maria H. Traka
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.L.L.); (J.P.); (P.W.N.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4-4(0)16-032-55194
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kar F, Hacioglu C, Kacar S, Sahinturk V, Kanbak G. Betaine suppresses cell proliferation by increasing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation in DU-145 human prostate cancer cell line. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:871-881. [PMID: 31368044 PMCID: PMC6717232 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the main cause of cancer-related mortality in men around the world and an important health problem. DU-145 human prostate cancer cells provide an opportunity to investigate prostate cancer. Betaine has a number of anticancer effects, such as inactivation of carcinogens, inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, there is no study investigating the effects of betaine on DU-145 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of betaine on the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation on DU-145 cells. Firstly, we proved the cytotoxic activity of betaine (0 to 150 mg/ml) on DU-145 cells by using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol, 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and defined the optimal concentration of betaine. Then, by employing the doses found in MTT, the levels of antioxidant (GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS) and oxidant (MDA and TOS) molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-6), apoptotic proteins (CYCS and CASP3), and DNA fragmentation were measured. Morphological changes and apoptosis were evaluated using H&E technique, Bax and Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry. Results suggested that betaine caused oxidative stress, inflammation, inhibition of cell growth, apoptosis, and morphological alterations in DU-145 cells dose-dependently. Furthermore, treatments with increasing betaine concentrations decreased the antioxidant levels in cells. We actually revealed that betaine, known as an antioxidant, may prevent cell proliferation by acting as an oxidant in certain doses. In conclusion, betaine may act as a biological response modifier in prostate cancer treatment in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Elmas L, Secme M, Mammadov R, Fahrioglu U, Dodurga Y. The determination of the potential anticancer effects of
Coriandrum sativum
in PC‐3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3506-3513. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Elmas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Mücahit Secme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Ramazan Mammadov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Umut Fahrioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Near East University Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Procyanidin from peanut skin induces antiproliferative effect in human prostate carcinoma cells DU145. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 288:12-23. [PMID: 29654773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antiproliferative activity of peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) and six fractions (PSP-1∼6) isolated from PSP by several chromatographic steps on the human prostate cancer DU145 cells were evaluated. The results showed that PSP and PSP-1∼6 significantly inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells. PSP-2 was the most effective fraction, which was identified as procyanidin B3 mainly and procyanidin dimer [(E)C-luteolin or keampferol] secondarily. Moreover, the mechanism of antiproliferative activity of PSP-2 was investigated. It was observed that PSP-2 induced apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest at S phase in DU145 cells. PSP-2 caused the increase of intracellular ROS level and the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and triggered the activation of p53 and caspases-3 in DU145 cells. Our findings demonstrated that procyanidins from peanut skin have the potential to be developed as an anti-prostate cancer agent.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bassiri-Jahromi S. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) activity in health promotion and cancer prevention. Oncol Rev 2018; 12:345. [PMID: 29441150 PMCID: PMC5806496 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2018.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most fatal diseases in most countries. In spite of the medical care developing, cancer still remains a significant problem. The majority of the cancers are resistant to treatment. Thus, the research for novel, more efficient and less side effect treatment methods continues. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity, with potential health interests. Research concern in pomegranate is increasing because of their anticancer potential due to possess rich in polyphenols. We highlight the pomegranate potential health benefits and mechanism of cancer progression inhibition. Pomegranate has indicated antiproliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-invasive effects on different cancer cell line in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial. The aim of this review is to evaluate functional properties and the medical benifits of pomegranate against various cancer diseases. In addition, pomegranate properties in in vitro and in vivo experimental human and animal clinical trials and its future use are explored. The available data suggest that Punica granatum (pomegranate) might be used in the control and potential therapeutic for some disease conditions and benefits human health status. This review summarizes in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies highlighting the pomegranate role in prevent and treatment of breast, prostate, lung, colon, skin and hepatocellular cell cancers.
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu H, Zeng Z, Wang S, Li T, Mastriani E, Li QH, Bao HX, Zhou YJ, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu W, Hu S, Gao S, Yu M, Qi Y, Shen Z, Wang H, Gao T, Dong L, Johnston RN, Liu SL. Main components of pomegranate, ellagic acid and luteolin, inhibit metastasis of ovarian cancer by down-regulating MMP2 and MMP9. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:990-999. [PMID: 29173024 PMCID: PMC5718784 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1394542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer in the female reproductive organs and epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest lethality of all gynecological cancers. Pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ) has been shown to inhibit the growth of several types of cancer other than ovarian cancer. In this study, we exposed the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 to PFJ and two of its components (ellagic acid and luteolin). MTT and wound healing assays demonstrated that all three treatments suppressed the proliferation and migration of the ovarian cancer cells. In addition, western blotting and ELISA assays showed that the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 gradually decreased after treatment with increasing concentrations of ellagic acid and luteolin. To confirm our findings in the in vitro experiments, we used another ovarian cancer cell line, ES-2, in nude mice experiments. All three treatments inhibited tumor growth without obvious side-effects. Furthermore, compared with the control group, the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were depressed. Ellagic acid induced a greater effect than luteolin, suggesting that ellagic acid might be a promising candidate for further preclinical testing for treatment of human ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Liu
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Zheng Zeng
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Siwen Wang
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Ting Li
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Emilio Mastriani
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Qing-Hai Li
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Hong-Xia Bao
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhou
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Wei Liu
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Sijing Hu
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Shan Gao
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Miao Yu
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Yingying Qi
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Zhihang Shen
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Tingting Gao
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Lingqin Dong
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Randal N Johnston
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- a Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,b HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China.,c Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and bioactive ingredients of juices from pomegranate cultivars worldwide. Food Chem 2017; 221:496-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Song Z, Mietkiewska E, Weselake RJ. The linin promoter is highly effective in enhancing punicic acid production in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:447-457. [PMID: 27999978 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of punicic acid were produced in the seed oil of Arabidopsis over-expressing pomegranate FATTY ACID CONJUGASE driven by heterologous promoters, among which the linin promoter was the most efficient. Fatty acids with conjugated double bonds play a special role in determining both the nutritional and industrial uses of plant oils. Punicic acid (18:3Δ9cis,11trans,13cis ), a conjugated fatty acid naturally enriched in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds, has gained increasing attention from the biotechnology community toward its production in metabolically engineered oilseed crops because of its significant health benefits. The present study focused on selecting the best heterologous promoter to drive the expression of the P. granatum FATTY ACID CONJUGASE (PgFADX) cDNA as a means of producing punicic acid in Arabidopsis seed oil. Among the four promoters of genes encoding seed storage proteins from different crop species, the linin promoter led to the highest accumulation of punicic acid (13.2% of total fatty acids in the best homozygous line). Analysis of the relative expression level of PgFADX in developing seeds further confirmed that the linin promoter was most efficient in Arabidopsis. In addition, a conserved profile of cis-regulatory elements were identified in four heterologous promoters by bioinformatic analysis, and their possible roles in regulating gene expression during plant development were also discussed based on the results of this study in combination with the literature. This study contributes to metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the production of bioactive fatty acids in oilseed crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Song
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sahebkar A, Gurban C, Serban A, Andrica F, Serban MC. Effects of supplementation with pomegranate juice on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1095-1102. [PMID: 26922037 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice (PJ) has a high content of antioxidants and bioactive polyphenols, being widely used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects. PURPOSE The objective of this meta-analysis consisted in investigating the impact of PJ on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. METHODS The search included SCOPUS, Medline and two Iranian bibliographic databases namely MagIran and Scientific Information Database (from inception to December 09, 2014) to identify prospective trials for investigating the impact of pomegranate preparations on serum concentrations of CRP. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes. RESULTS Among 427 participants in the selected studies, 216 were allocated to PJ groups, and 211 to control group. Meta-analysis of data from 5 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) arms did not provide compelling evidence as to a significant CRP-lowering effect of supplementation with pomegranate juice (WMD: -0.22 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.45, 0.01, p = 0.061). The impact of pomegranate juice on plasma CRP levels was found to be independent of duration of supplementation (slope: 0.003; 95% CI: -0.005, 0.011; p = 0.444). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this meta-analysis of data from 5 prospective trials did not indicate a significant effect of PJ on plasma CRP levels, and this effect was independent of duration of supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Camelia Gurban
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Serban
- Department Automation and Applied Informatics, University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Andrica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects of Punica granatum Juice (PGJ) in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100611. [PMID: 27706074 PMCID: PMC5083999 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by an accumulation of clonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) leading to bone destruction and BM failure. Despite recent advances in pharmacological therapy, MM remains a largely incurable pathology. Therefore, novel effective and less toxic agents are urgently necessary. In the last few years, pomegranate has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties including treatment and prevention of cancer. Pomegranate juice (PGJ) contains a number of potential active compounds including organic acids, vitamins, sugars, and phenolic components that are all responsible of the pro-apoptotic effects observed in tumor cell line. The aim of present investigation is to assess the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic potential of the PGJ in human multiple myeloma cell lines. Our data demonstrate the anti-proliferative potential of PGJ in MM cells; its ability to induce G0/G1 cell cycle block and its anti-angiogenic effects. Interestingly, sequential combination of bortezomib/PGJ improved the cytotoxic effect of the proteosome inhibitor. We investigated the effect of PGJ on angiogenesis and cell migration/invasion. Interestingly, we observed an inhibitory effect on the tube formation, microvessel outgrowth aorting ring and decreased cell migration and invasion as showed by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Analysis of angiogenic genes expression in endothelial cells confirmed the anti-angiogenic properties of pomegranate. Therefore, PGJ administration could represent a good tool in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies for MM treatment, exploiting its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects. Finally, the present research supports the evidence that PGJ could play a key role of a future therapeutic approach for treatment of MM in order to optimize the pharmacological effect of bortezomib, especially as adjuvant after treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Bahrawy HA, Abd El-Fattah EE. Effect of Pomegranate Hull Extract on Liver Neoplastic Changes in Rats: More than an Antioxidant. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
33
|
Li Y, Yang F, Zheng W, Hu M, Wang J, Ma S, Deng Y, Luo Y, Ye T, Yin W. Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaves extract induces apoptosis through mitochondrial intrinsic pathway and inhibits migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
34
|
Xavier CP, Pereira-Wilson C. Medicinal plants of the genuses Salvia and Hypericum are sources of anticolon cancer compounds: Effects on PI3K/Akt and MAP kinases pathways. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
35
|
Li Y, Ye T, Yang F, Hu M, Liang L, He H, Li Z, Zeng A, Li Y, Yao Y, Xie Y, An Z, Li S. Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract exerts potent antitumor and anti-metastasis activity in thyroid cancer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has obviously been rising throughout the world during the past ten years.
Collapse
|
36
|
Prinholato da Silva C, Costa TR, Paiva RMA, Cintra ACO, Menaldo DL, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV. Antitumor potential of the myotoxin BthTX-I from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: evaluation of cell cycle alterations and death mechanisms induced in tumor cell lines. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:44. [PMID: 26539212 PMCID: PMC4632473 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are abundant components of snake venoms that have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological and pathophysiological effects on living organisms. This study aimed to assess the antitumor potential of BthTX-I, a basic myotoxic PLA2 isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, by evaluating in vitro processes of cytotoxicity, modulation of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in human (HL-60 and HepG2) and murine (PC-12 and B16F10) tumor cell lines. Methods The cytotoxic effects of BthTX-I were evaluated on the tumor cell lines HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), PC-12 (murine pheochromocytoma) and B16F10 (murine melanoma) using the MTT method. Flow cytometry technique was used for the analysis of cell cycle alterations and death mechanisms (apoptosis and/or necrosis) induced in tumor cells after treatment with BthTX-I. Results It was observed that BthTX-I was cytotoxic to all evaluated tumor cell lines, reducing their viability in 40 to 50 %. The myotoxin showed modulating effects on the cell cycle of PC-12 and B16F10 cells, promoting delay in the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis indicated cell death mainly by apoptosis. B16F10 was more susceptible to the effects of BthTX-I, with ~40 % of the cells analyzed in apoptosis, followed by HepG2 (~35 %), PC-12 (~25 %) and HL-60 (~4 %). Conclusions These results suggest that BthTX-I presents antitumor properties that may be useful for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Prinholato da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Tássia R Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Raquel M Alves Paiva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Danilo L Menaldo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Lusânia M Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aruna P, Venkataramanamma D, Singh AK, Singh RP. Health Benefits of Punicic Acid: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:16-27. [PMID: 33371578 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Punicic acid (PA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3 n-5), which is classified as a conjugated linolenic acid. PA is also referred as a "super CLnA" whose effect is even more potent than that of an ordinary CLnA. It is found mainly in the seeds of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) and Trichoxanthes kirilowii and some other minor sources. It possesses a wide array of biological properties including antidiabetic, antiobesity, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic activity against various forms of cancer. In spite of this, PA has not been explored as a nutraceutical or as an ingredient of food products which can be aimed at specific consumer target groups. This review details the various health-beneficial properties of PA and explores the possibilities of its utilization as an active ingredient in various food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Aruna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - D Venkataramanamma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - R P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tastan O, Baysal T. Clarification of pomegranate juice with chitosan: Changes on quality characteristics during storage. Food Chem 2015; 180:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
40
|
Sahebkar A, Serban C, Ursoniu S, Wong ND, Muntner P, Graham IM, Mikhailidis DP, Rizzo M, Rysz J, Sperling LS, Lip GYH, Banach M. Lack of efficacy of resveratrol on C-reactive protein and selected cardiovascular risk factors--Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol 2015; 189:47-55. [PMID: 25885871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have suggested that oral supplementation with resveratrol exerts cardioprotective effects, but evidence of the effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels and other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on plasma CRP concentrations and selected predictors of CV risk. METHODS The search included PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE (up to August 31, 2014) to identify RCTs investigating the effects of resveratrol supplementation on selected CV risk factors. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as summary statistics. RESULTS Meta-analysis of data from 10 RCTs (11 treatment arms) did not support a significant effect of resveratrol supplementation in altering plasma CRP concentrations (WMD: -0.144 mg/L, 95% CI: -0.968-0.680, p = 0.731). Resveratrol supplementation was not found to alter plasma levels of total cholesterol (WMD: 1.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: -14.96-17.93, p = 0.859), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -0.31 mg/dL, 95% CI: -9.57-8.95, p = 0.948), triglycerides (WMD: 2.67 mg/dL, 95% CI: -28.34-33.67, p = 0.866), and glucose (WMD: 1.28 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.28-7.84, p = 0.703). It also slightly reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (WMD: -4.18 mg/dL, 95% CI: -6.54 to -1.82, p = 0.001). Likewise, no significant effect was observed on systolic (WMD: 0.82 mmHg, 95% CI: -8.86-10.50, p = 0.868) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: 1.72 mm Hg, 95% CI: -6.29-9.73, p=0.674). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of available RCTs does not suggest any benefit of resveratrol supplementation on CV risk factors. Larger, well-designed trials are necessary to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ian M Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|