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Won KJ, Lee R, Choi SH, Kim JH, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Gintonin-Induced Wound-Healing-Related Responses Involve Epidermal-Growth-Factor-like Effects in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14094. [PMID: 37762395 PMCID: PMC10531430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activation and related downstream signaling pathways are known to be one of the major mechanisms of the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. The heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) binds to EGF receptors and stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Gintonin, a novel ginseng compound, is a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Gintonin has skin-wound-healing effects. However, the underlying mechanisms for these gintonin actions remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the involvement of EGFRs in gintonin-induced wound repair in HaCaT keratinocytes. In this study, a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-based assay, a modified Boyden chamber migration assay, and immunoblotting were performed. Gintonin increased EGF receptor activation in HaCaT cells. However, the gintonin-induced phosphorylation of the EGF receptor was markedly reduced via treatment with the LPA inhibitor Ki16425 or the EGF receptor inhibitor erlotinib. Gintonin-enhanced proliferation and migration were blocked by the EGF receptor inhibitors (erlotinib and AG1478). Additionally, gintonin stimulated the expression and release of HB-EGF in HaCaT cells. EGF receptor inhibitors blocked gintonin-enhanced HB-EGF expression. These results indicate that the wound-healing effects of gintonin are closely related to the collaboration between EGF receptor activation and HB-EGF release-mediated downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Animal Health, College of Health and Medical Services, Osan University, Osan 18119, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (J.-H.K.)
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Navarro-Saiz LM, Bernal-Cepeda LJ, García-Jiménez F, Abril D, Castellanos JE. Reference gene validation for the relative quantification of cannabinoid receptor expression in human odontoblasts via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:765-770. [PMID: 36133217 PMCID: PMC9483783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify and validate the reference genes in cultured human odontoblasts to quantify their cannabinoid receptor transcripts. Methods The most stably transcribed genes in cultured human odontoblast cells were identified using the RefGenes tool and were selected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Human odontoblast cells were differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells using a transforming growth factor-β-supplemented differentiation medium, and total RNA was purified. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and relative quantification analyses were performed using the Schefe's method. The relative expression dataset was analyzed to select the most stable genes. Results The analysis showed that the transcripts of cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit, LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta, and family with sequence similarity 223 member B presented the lowest standard deviation (SD) in expression (SD: 0.2, 0.17, and 0.16, respectively). These genes showed similar expression levels as the target genes (cannabinoid receptors). Significant differences were found in the relative expression levels of cannabinoid receptors using the selected genes compared to those calculated using beta actin transcripts as references (p < 0.05). Conclusions The strategy reported here for searching and verifying new reference genes will aid in the accurate and reliable expression of cannabinoid receptors in human odontoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Navarro-Saiz
- Grupo de Investigación Básica y Aplicada en Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Lilia J. Bernal-Cepeda
- Grupo de Investigación Básica y Aplicada en Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Felipe García-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación Básica y Aplicada en Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Deisy Abril
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, 110121, Colombia
| | - Jaime E. Castellanos
- Grupo de Investigación Básica y Aplicada en Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
- Corresponding author. Grupo de Investigación Básica y Aplicada en Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45 - 03 Edificio 210, Oficina 301, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia.
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Kim JH. Hyaluronic acid suppresses the effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in HaCaT keratinocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu X, Yu C, Xu L, Xu J. Emerging roles of keratinocytes in nociceptive transduction and regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:982202. [PMID: 36157074 PMCID: PMC9500148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.982202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes are the predominant block-building cells in the epidermis. Emerging evidence has elucidated the roles of keratinocytes in a wide range of pathophysiological processes including cutaneous nociception, pruritus, and inflammation. Intraepidermal free nerve endings are entirely enwrapped within the gutters of keratinocyte cytoplasm and form en passant synaptic-like contacts with keratinocytes. Keratinocytes can detect thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli through transient receptor potential ion channels and other sensory receptors. The activated keratinocytes elicit calcium influx and release ATP, which binds to P2 receptors on free nerve endings and excites sensory neurons. This process is modulated by the endogenous opioid system and endothelin. Keratinocytes also express neurotransmitter receptors of adrenaline, acetylcholine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid, which are involved in regulating the activation and migration, of keratinocytes. Furthermore, keratinocytes serve as both sources and targets of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neuropeptides. The autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms of these mediators create a bidirectional feedback loop that amplifies neuroinflammation and contributes to peripheral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine Yu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
| | - Jijun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
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Dong L, Shi XH, Li YF, Jiang X, Wang YX, Lan YJ, Wu HT, Jonas JB, Wei WB. Blockade of epidermal growth factor and its receptor and axial elongation in experimental myopia. FASEB J 2020; 34:13654-13670. [PMID: 32799354 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To examine the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) on axial ocular elongation, we intraocularly injected an EGF antibody and an EGFR antibody into young guinea pigs with lens-induced axial elongation (myopization). Mean axial elongation was reduced in the eyes injected with the EGF/EGFR-antibody compared with the contralateral control eyes injected with PBS (phosphate-buffered solution) (0.43 ± 0.13 mm vs 0.53 ± 0.13 mm; P < .001). The intereye difference in axial length increased (P = .005) as the doses of the EGF antibody and EGFR antibody increased. As a corollary, the thickness of the retina at the posterior pole was dose-dependently increased in the injected eyes compared to the contralateral control eyes. Immunohistochemical staining for EGF and the relative mRNA expression of EGF and EGFR were the highest in eyes not injected with the EGF antibody or EGFR antibody and decreased (P < .05) as the dose of EGF antibody or EGFR antibody increased. In an in vitro study, EGF had a stimulating effect and the EGF antibody had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of RPE cells. The findings showed that the intravitreal application of an EGF antibody and EGFR antibody is associated with a dose-dependent reduction in lens-induced axial elongation in young guinea pigs. The EGFR family may play a role in axial elongation of the eye and in the development of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Han Shi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology and Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jun Lan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abu Zeid O, Abdel-Aziz A, Rashed LA, Said ER. Role of the cutaneous extraneuronal cholinergic system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:432-437. [PMID: 31614011 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although during recent years there have been considerable advances in elucidating the mechanisms of psoriasis pathogenesis, its full understanding is still distant. A cholinergic dysfunction has been proposed in the pathophysiology of some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. AIM To determine tissue levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and its muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChR and nAChR) in psoriasis vulgaris lesions in comparison with normal control skin. METHODS This case-control study included 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 controls. A 4-mm punch skin biopsy was taken from the psoriatic plaques of patients and normal skin of controls. ACh level was measured in tissues using the colorimetric method, while mAChR and nAChR gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS The level of ACh was significantly higher in patients (mean ± SD: 5.95 ± 2.69) than in controls (1.12 ± 0.34) (P < 0.001). mAChR and nAChR expressions were significantly higher in patients compared with the controls (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was detected between the expression of nAChR in patients and the duration of psoriasis (r = 0.46, P = 0.01), and the body mass index of the patients correlated positively with both nAChR (r = 0.40, P = 0.027) and mAChR expression (r = 0.448, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION Abnormalities in the cutaneous extraneuronal cholinergic system could be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The high expression of nAChRs in patients with longer disease durations might represent an attempt by the body to regulate the inflammatory cascade in psoriatic lesions. The high expression of mAChR in psoriatic lesions may provide a link between psoriasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abu Zeid
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - L A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - E R Said
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lee JE, Kim YA, Yu S, Park SY, Kim KH, Kang NJ. 3,6-Anhydro-L-galactose increases hyaluronic acid production via the EGFR and AMPKα signaling pathway in HaCaT keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:90-98. [PMID: 31718895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important factor in skin hydration maintenance. In mammalian keratinocytes, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) is a critical enzyme in HA production. Therefore, the promotion of HAS2 expression in keratinocytes may be a strategy for maintaining skin moisture. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the skin hydration effect and regulatory mechanisms of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (L-AHG), a main component of red macroalgal carbohydrates in human keratinocytes. METHODS L-AHG was applied to an immortalized human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). HA production, HAS2 protein and mRNA levels, and the activation of the signaling pathways involved in HAS2 expression were measured. HA levels were also evaluated for three dimensional (3D) reconstructed human skin. RESULTS Our results suggest that L-AHG upregulates HA production and may enhance HAS2 expression by activating EGFR-mediated ERK, PI3K/Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. We confirmed that L-AHG activated the AMPKα signaling pathway which in turn could regulate HAS2 expression in HaCaT cells. The effects of L-AHG on HA production were observed in the 3D reconstructed human skin model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that L-AHG may enhance skin moisture retention by increasing HA synthesis in human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Ackerman DS, Altun B, Kolodieznyi D, Bruchez MP, Tsourkas A, Jarvik JW. Antibody-Linked Fluorogen-Activating Proteins for Antigen Detection and Cell Ablation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:63-69. [PMID: 30543409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate selective labeling of cell surface proteins using fluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs) conjugated to standard immunoglobulins (IgGs). Conjugation was achieved with a polypeptide reagent comprised of an N-terminal photoactivatable Fc-binding domain and a C-terminal FAP domain. The resulting FAP-antibody conjugates were effective agents for protein detection and cell ablation in cultured mammalian cells and for visualizing cell-cell contacts using a tethered fluorogen assay. Because our approach allows FAP-antibody conjugates to be generated for most currently available IgGs, it should have broad utility for experimental and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcin Altun
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | | | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Li J, Bai TR, Gao S, Zhou Z, Peng XM, Zhang LS, Dou DL, Zhang ZS, Li LY. Human rhomboid family-1 modulates clathrin coated vesicle-dependent pro-transforming growth factor α membrane trafficking to promote breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:229-240. [PMID: 30279141 PMCID: PMC6197618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is critical in epithelial cancer development. Human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF1) facilitates the secretion of TGFα, an EGFR ligand, in breast cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the role for RHBDF1 in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV)-dependent pro-TGFα membrane trafficking in breast cancer cells upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. METHODS RHBDF1 was silenced in various breast cancer cells using shRNA. TGFα levels, subcellular localization, and secretion were evaluated using ELISA, immunofluorescent staining, and coimmunoprecipitation. Phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were measured by western blotting. RHBDF1-dependent cell viability and invasion were measured. FINDINGS RHBDF1 mediates GPCR agonist-induced EGFR phosphorylation by promoting TGFα secretion in various types of breast cancer cells. RHBDF1 not only mediates ADAM17-dependent shedding of TGFα, but is essential in membrane trafficking of pro-TGFα. RHBDF1 silencing results in blocking of clathrin uncoating from CCV, a crucial step for the plasma membrane release of pro-TGFα. Interaction of RHBDF1 with auxilin-2, a CCV protein, determines the recruitment of HSC70 to CCV to facilitate clathrin uncoating. RHBDF1 function is required for the proliferation and mobility of breast cancer cells upon stimulation by Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P), a GPCR agonist. We demonstrate a significant correlation between RHBDF1 overexpression and EGFR activation in breast cancer tissues. INTERPRETATION RHBDF1 is an indispensable component of the protein trafficking machinery involved in GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation, and is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,672,740 to ZSZ, 81,272,356 and 81,330,029 to LYL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tai-Ran Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dao-Lei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Yohn SE, Conn PJ. Positive allosteric modulation of M 1 and M 4 muscarinic receptors as potential therapeutic treatments for schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2018; 136:438-448. [PMID: 28893562 PMCID: PMC5844786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Current antipsychotic drugs provide symptomatic relief for positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but do not offer symptom management for negative and cognitive symptoms. In addition, many patients discontinue treatment due to adverse side effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop more effective and safe treatment options. Although the etiology of schizophrenia is unclear, considerable data from post-mortem, neuroimaging and neuropharmacology studies support a role of the muscarinic acetylcholine (mAChRs) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Substantial evidence suggests that activation of mAChRs has the potential to treat all symptom domains of schizophrenia. Despite encouraging results in demonstrating efficacy, clinical trials of nonselective mAChR agonists were limited in their clinical utility due to dose-limiting peripheral side effects. Accordingly, efforts have been made to specifically target centrally located M1 and M4 mAChR subtypes devoid of adverse-effect liability. To circumvent this limitation, there have been tremendous advances in the discovery of ligands that bind at allosteric sites, binding sites distinct from the orthosteric site, which are structurally less conserved and thereby afford high levels of receptor subtype selectivity. The discovery of subtype-specific allosteric modulators has greatly advanced our understanding of the physiological role of various muscarinic receptor subtypes in schizophrenia and the potential utility of M1 and M4 mAChR subtypes as targets for the development of novel treatments for schizophrenia and related disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Yohn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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Proteomic analysis of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated proliferation in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Activation of muscarinic receptors prevents TNF-α-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier disruption through p38 MAPK. Cell Signal 2017; 35:188-196. [PMID: 28412413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a tight barrier to act as selective physical barriers, repelling hostile substances. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a well characterized pro-inflammatory cytokine which can compromise intestinal barrier function and the suppression of TNF-α function is important for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we investigated the contribution of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-induced signalling pathways to the maintenance of epithelial barrier function. We first demonstrated the existence of functional muscarinic M3 and histamine H1 receptors in colonic epithelial cell HT-29/B6. As we previously reported, muscarinic M3 receptor prevented TNF-α-induced barrier disruption through acceleration of TNF receptor (TNFR) shedding which is carried out by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). M3 receptor-mediated suppression of TNF-α function depends on Gαq/11 protein, however, histamine H1 receptor could not ameliorate TNF-α function, while which could induce Gαq/11 dependent intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. We found that p38 MAPK was predominantly phosphorylated by M3 receptor through Gαq/11 protein, whereas H1 receptor barely upregulated the phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished M3 receptor-mediated TNFR shedding and suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB signalling. The p38 MAPK was also involved in TACE- mediated EGFR transactivation followed by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These results indicate that not H1 but M3 receptor-induced activation of p38 MAPK might contribute to the maintenance of epithelial barrier function through down-regulation of TNF-α signalling and activation of EGFR.
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Lin P, An F, Xu X, Zhao L, Liu L, Liu N, Wang P, Liu J, Wang L, Li M. Chronopharmacodynamics and mechanisms of antitumor effect induced by erlotinib in xenograft-bearing nude mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:362-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cholinergic transactivation of the EGFR in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulates a flotillin-1 dependent MAPK-mediated transcriptional response. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6447-63. [PMID: 25803106 PMCID: PMC4394542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine and its receptors regulate numerous cellular processes in keratinocytes and other non-neuronal cells. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are capable of transactivating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and, downstream thereof, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which in turn regulates transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation and migration. We here show that cholinergic stimulation of human HaCaT keratinocytes results in increased transcription of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-3 as well as several ligands of the epidermal growth factor family. Since both metalloproteinases and the said ligands are involved in the transactivation of the EGFR, this transcriptional upregulation may provide a positive feed-forward loop for EGFR/MAPK activation. We here also show that the cholinergic EGFR and MAPK activation and the upregulation of MMP-3 and EGF-like ligands are dependent on the expression of flotillin-1 which we have previously shown to be a regulator of MAPK signaling.
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