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Izadi M, Ali TA, Shurrab FM, Aharpour E, Pourkarimi E. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase-1 (WARS-1) depletion and high tryptophan concentration lead to genomic instability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:165. [PMID: 38575580 PMCID: PMC10995160 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The fidelity of translation is ensured by a family of proteins named aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), making them crucial for development and survival. More recently, mutations in the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1) have been linked to various human diseases, from intellectual disability to various types of cancer. To understand the function of WARS1, we investigated the effect of WARS-1 depletion during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle in the developing germline of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and demonstrated the role of WARS-1 in genome integrity. wars-1 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest of the mitotically active germ cells. Such mitotic arrest is also associated with canonical DNA damage-induced checkpoint signaling in mitotic and meiotic germ cells. Significantly, such DNA checkpoint activation is associated with the morphological anomalies in chromatin structures that are the hallmarks of genome instability, such as the formation of chromatin bridges, micronuclei, and chromatin buds. We demonstrated that knocking down wars-1 results in an elevation of the intracellular concentration of tryptophan and its catabolites, a surprising finding emphasizing the impact of cellular amino acid availability and organismal/individual dietary uptake on genome integrity. Our result demonstrates that exposing C. elegans to a high tryptophan dosage leads to DNA damage checkpoint activation and a significant increase in the tryptophan metabolites. Targeting tryptophan catabolism, the least utilized amino acid in nature, can be important in developing new cancer therapeutic approaches. All in all, we have strong evidence that knocking down wars-1 results in defects in genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Izadi
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Tayyiba Akbar Ali
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Farah M Shurrab
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | | | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar.
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2
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Dulic M, Godinic-Mikulcic V, Kekez M, Evic V, Rokov-Plavec J. Protein-Protein Interactions of Seryl-tRNA Synthetases with Emphasis on Human Counterparts and Their Connection to Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:124. [PMID: 38255739 PMCID: PMC10817482 DOI: 10.3390/life14010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Seryl-tRNA synthetases (SerRSs), members of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, interact with diverse proteins, enabling SerRSs to enhance their role in the translation of the genetic message or to perform alternative functions in cellular processes beyond translation. Atypical archaeal SerRS interacts with arginyl-tRNA synthetase and proteins of the ribosomal P-stalk to optimize translation through tRNA channeling. The complex between yeast SerRS and peroxin Pex21p provides a connection between translation and peroxisome function. The partnership between Arabidopsis SerRS and BEN1 indicates a link between translation and brassinosteroid metabolism and may be relevant in plant stress response mechanisms. In Drosophila, the unusual heterodimeric mitochondrial SerRS coordinates mitochondrial translation and replication via interaction with LON protease. Evolutionarily conserved interactions of yeast and human SerRSs with m3C32 tRNA methyltransferases indicate coordination between tRNA modification and aminoacylation in the cytosol and mitochondria. Human cytosolic SerRS is a cellular hub protein connecting translation to vascular development, angiogenesis, lipogenesis, and telomere maintenance. When translocated to the nucleus, SerRS acts as a master negative regulator of VEGFA gene expression. SerRS alone or in complex with YY1 and SIRT2 competes with activating transcription factors NFκB1 and c-Myc, resulting in balanced VEGFA expression important for proper vascular development and angiogenesis. In hypoxia, SerRS phosphorylation diminishes its binding to the VEGFA promoter, while the lack of nutrients triggers SerRS glycosylation, reducing its nuclear localization. Additionally, SerRS binds telomeric DNA and cooperates with the shelterin protein POT1 to regulate telomere length and cellular senescence. As an antitumor and antiangiogenic factor, human cytosolic SerRS appears to be a promising drug target and therapeutic agent for treating cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and possibly obesity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jasmina Rokov-Plavec
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.D.); (V.G.-M.); (M.K.); (V.E.)
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3
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Kalotay E, Klugmann M, Housley GD, Fröhlich D. Dominant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders: lessons learned from in vivo disease models. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182845. [PMID: 37274211 PMCID: PMC10234151 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play an essential role in protein synthesis, being responsible for ligating tRNA molecules to their corresponding amino acids in a reaction known as 'tRNA aminoacylation'. Separate ARSs carry out the aminoacylation reaction in the cytosol and in mitochondria, and mutations in almost all ARS genes cause pathophysiology most evident in the nervous system. Dominant mutations in multiple cytosolic ARSs have been linked to forms of peripheral neuropathy including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, distal hereditary motor neuropathy, and spinal muscular atrophy. This review provides an overview of approaches that have been employed to model each of these diseases in vivo, followed by a discussion of the existing animal models of dominant ARS disorders and key mechanistic insights that they have provided. In summary, ARS disease models have demonstrated that loss of canonical ARS function alone cannot fully account for the observed disease phenotypes, and that pathogenic ARS variants cause developmental defects within the peripheral nervous system, despite a typically later onset of disease in humans. In addition, aberrant interactions between mutant ARSs and other proteins have been shown to contribute to the disease phenotypes. These findings provide a strong foundation for future research into this group of diseases, providing methodological guidance for studies on ARS disorders that currently lack in vivo models, as well as identifying candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kalotay
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gary D. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Kalotay E, Klugmann M, Housley GD, Fröhlich D. Recessive aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders: lessons learned from in vivo disease models. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182874. [PMID: 37274208 PMCID: PMC10234152 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a fundamental process that underpins almost every aspect of cellular functioning. Intriguingly, despite their common function, recessive mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), the family of enzymes that pair tRNA molecules with amino acids prior to translation on the ribosome, cause a diverse range of multi-system disorders that affect specific groups of tissues. Neurological development is impaired in most ARS-associated disorders. In addition to central nervous system defects, diseases caused by recessive mutations in cytosolic ARSs commonly affect the liver and lungs. Patients with biallelic mutations in mitochondrial ARSs often present with encephalopathies, with variable involvement of peripheral systems. Many of these disorders cause severe disability, and as understanding of their pathogenesis is currently limited, there are no effective treatments available. To address this, accurate in vivo models for most of the recessive ARS diseases are urgently needed. Here, we discuss approaches that have been taken to model recessive ARS diseases in vivo, highlighting some of the challenges that have arisen in this process, as well as key results obtained from these models. Further development and refinement of animal models is essential to facilitate a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying recessive ARS diseases, and ultimately to enable development and testing of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kalotay
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gary D. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Du X, Cui Z, Zhang R, Zhao K, Wang L, Yao J, Liu S, Cai C, Cao Y. The Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline and Rumen-Protected Nicotinamide on Liver Transcriptomics in Periparturient Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050594. [PMID: 37233635 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) and rumen-protected nicotinamide (RPM) on liver metabolic function based on transcriptome in periparturient dairy cows, 10 healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar parity were allocated to RPC and RPM groups (n = 5). The cows were fed experimental diets between 14 days before and 21 days after parturition. The RPC diet contained 60 g RPC per day, and the RPM diet contained 18.7 g RPM per day. Liver biopsies were taken 21 days after calving for the transcriptome analysis. A model of fat deposition hepatocytes was constructed using the LO2 cell line with the addition of NEFA (1.6 mmol/L), and the expression level of genes closely related to liver metabolism was validated and divided into a CHO group (75 μmol/L) and a NAM group (2 mmol/L). The results showed that the expression of a total of 11,023 genes was detected and clustered obviously between the RPC and RPM groups. These genes were assigned to 852 Gene Ontology terms, the majority of which were associated with biological process and molecular function. A total of 1123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 640 up-regulated and 483 down-regulated, were identified between the RPC and RPM groups. These DEGs were mainly correlated with fat metabolism, oxidative stress and some inflammatory pathways. In addition, compared with the NAM group, the gene expression level of FGF21, CYP26A1, SLC13A5, SLCO1B3, FBP2, MARS1 and CDH11 in the CHO group increased significantly (p < 0.05). We proposed that that RPC could play a prominent role in the liver metabolism of periparturient dairy cows by regulating metabolic processes such as fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and glucose metabolism; yet, RPM was more involved in biological processes such as the TCA cycle, ATP generation and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue'er Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhijie Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Keliang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lamei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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6
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Identification of dysregulated pathways and key genes in human retinal angiogenesis using microarray metadata. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Gao X, Guo R, Li Y, Kang G, Wu Y, Cheng J, Jia J, Wang W, Li Z, Wang A, Xu H, Jia Y, Li Y, Qi X, Wei Z, Wei C. Contribution of upregulated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis to metabolic dysregulation in gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3113-3126. [PMID: 34159625 PMCID: PMC9292402 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic reprogramming is characterized by dysregulated levels of metabolites and metabolic enzymes. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic data analysis can help to elucidate changes in the levels of metabolites and metabolic enzymes, screen the core metabolic pathways, and develop novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. METHODS Here, the metabolome of gastric cancer tissues was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were integrated with the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data to identify the common dysregulated gastric cancer-specific metabolic pathways. Additionally, the protein expression and clinical significance of key metabolic enzymes were examined using a gastric cancer tissue array. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis of 16 gastric cancer tissues revealed that among the 15 dysregulated metabolomic pathways, the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway in the gastric tissues was markedly upregulated relative to that in the adjacent noncancerous tissues, which was consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that among the key regulators in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway, the expression levels of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FARSB) were correlated with tumor grade and poor survival, respectively. Additionally, gastric tissue array data analysis indicated that TARS and FARSB were upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and were correlated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway is upregulated in gastric cancer and both TARS and FARSB play key roles in the progression of gastric cancer. Additionally, a novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer was proposed that involves targeting the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Rui Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Guolan Kang
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment CenterGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment CenterGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Wanxia Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Zhenhao Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Anqi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Hui Xu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yanjuan Jia
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yuanting Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Chaojun Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal TumorGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational MedicineGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
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8
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Yu YM, Xu L, Li HR, Zhang TQ, Qian G, Li LF, Wang MH. IARS2 regulates proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:555-560. [PMID: 34495060 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20201024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in the growth, migration, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS To assess the role of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, we silenced isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells using lentiviral 2 specific short hairpin RNAs (short hairpin RNAs 1 and 2) and examined silencing efficiency using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Short hairpin RNAs 1-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase had greater knockdown efficiency, it was used in the entire downstream analysis. Short hairpin RNAs 1- isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase silencing effects on cell proliferation, cell colony generation, cell migration, as well as angiogenesis were assessed using cell counting kit-8, colony development, cell migration, and angiogenesis tube formation assays, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the control group, anti-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase short hairpin RNAs significantly silenced isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and suppressed their proliferation, migration, and angiogenic capacity. To characterize the underlying mechanism, western blot analyses showed that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase ½ and protein-serine- threonine kinase, as well as expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS We have shown, for the first time, the critical role of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Our data show that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown suppresses human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We have also shown that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase knockdown suppresses phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase ½ and protein-serine- threonine kinase, as well as expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. Together, these data highlight isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase as a potential antitumor anti-angiogenic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Yu
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
| | - Tie-Qi Zhang
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Qian
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Feng Li
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- Fudan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Orthopedics - Shanghai, China
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9
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PouralijanAmiri M, Khoshkam M, Madadi R, Kamali K, Faghanzadeh Ganji G, Salek R, Ramazani A. NMR-based plasma metabolic profiling in patients with unstable angina. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:311-320. [PMID: 32440317 PMCID: PMC7229510 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.39979.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unstable angina (UA) is a form of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that affects more than a third of the population before age 70. Due to the limitations of diagnostic tests, appropriate identification of UA is difficult. In this study, we proceeded to investigate metabolite profiling in UA patients compared with controls to determine potential candidate biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-four plasma samples from UA and 32 samples from controls were analyzed based on 1H NMR spectroscopy. The raw data were processed, analyzed, and subjected to partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), a supervised classification method with a good separation of control and UA patients was observed. The most important variables (VIP) ≥1 were selected and submitted to MetaboAnalyst pathway enrichment to identify the most important ones. RESULTS We identified 17 disturbed metabolites in UA patients in comparison with the controls. These metabolites are involved in various biochemical pathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and lysine degradation. Some of the metabolites were deoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, androstanedione, etiocholanolone, estradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone, 2-methoxyestradiol, and 2-methoxyestrone. In order to determine test applicability in diagnosing UA, a diagnostic model was further created using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The areas under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and precision were 0.87, 90%, 65%, and 91%, respectively, for diagnosing of UA. CONCLUSION These metabolites could not only be useful for the diagnosis of UA patients but also provide more information for further deciphering of the biological processes of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad PouralijanAmiri
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshkam
- Chemistry Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Madadi
- Department of Cardiology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Salek
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, Lyon, France
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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10
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Gao W, An C, Xue X, Zheng X, Niu M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang C, Lu Y, Cui J, Zhao Q, Wen S, Thorne RF, Zhang X, Wu Y, Wang B. Mass Spectrometric Analysis Identifies AIMP1 and LTA4H as FSCN1-Binding Proteins in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900059. [PMID: 31287215 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) enhances cell proliferation, invasion, and motility in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), while the mechanism remains unclear. Here, co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry is utilized to identify potential FSCN1-binding proteins. Functional annotation of FSCN1-binding proteins are performed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction network of FSNC1-binding proteins is constructed and the interactions between FSCN1 and novel identified interacting proteins AIMP1 and LTA4H are validated. Moreover, the expression and functional role of AIMP1 and LTA4H in LSCC are investigated. A total of 123 proteins are identified as potential FSCN1-binding proteins, and functional annotation shows that FSCN1-binding proteins are significantly enriched in carcinogenic processes, such as filopodium assembly-regulation and GTPase activity. Co-IP/western blotting and immunofluorescence confirm that AIMP1 and LTA4H bind and colocalize with FSCN1. Furthermore, both AIMP1 and LTA4H are upregulated in LSCC tissues, and knockdown of AIMP1 or LTA4H inhibits LSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Collectively, the identification of FSCN1-binding partners enhances understanding of the mechanism of FSCN1-mediated malignant phenotypes, and these findings indicate that FSCN1 binds to AIMP1 and LTA4H might promote the progression of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Changming An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiwang Zheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qinli Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xudong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
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11
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Di X, Jin X, Ma H, Wang R, Cong S, Tian C, Liu J, Zhao M, Li R, Wang K. The Oncogene IARS2 Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tumorigenesis by Activating the AKT/MTOR Pathway. Front Oncol 2019; 9:393. [PMID: 31157169 PMCID: PMC6528107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of studies have indicated an association between isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (IARS2) and tumorigenesis. We evaluated IARS2 protein expression in lung tumor tissues and paired non-tumor tissues. We found higher IARS2 expression in the tumor tissues, which was associated with the late Tumor and Node stages of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging system. Silencing IARS2 inhibited the activity of A549 and H1299 cells, resulting in G0/G1 stasis of A549 cells and mitochondrial apoptosis. IARS2 silencing was also found to inhibit NSCLC tumor growth in nude mice. Complementary DNA microarray analysis revealed 742 differentially expressed genes (507 upregulated and 235 downregulated) in IARS2-silenced A549 cells compared to controls. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the differential expression data suggested that multiple pathways are associated with IARS2 silencing in NSCLC cells; upstream analysis predicted the activation or inhibition of transcriptional regulators. Correlation analysis revealed that AKT and MTOR activities were significantly inhibited in IARS2-silenced cells, but were partially restored by the AKT-stimulating agent SC79. IARS2 appears to regulate lung cancer cell proliferation via the AKT/MTOR pathway. Our results help clarify the complex roles of IARS2 in tumorigenesis and suggest that it may be a novel regulator of lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Operation Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Gao P, Li N, Ji K, Wang Y, Xu C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang J, He N, Sun Z, Du L, Liu Q. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage. FASEB J 2019; 33:8083-8093. [PMID: 30939244 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has broad prospective applications as a radiation protection drug, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we found that 5 μM RSV can effectively reduce the cell death caused by irradiation. Irradiation leads to G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle, whereas RSV treatment increases S-phase cell cycle arrest, which is associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulation. Meanwhile, RSV promotes DNA damage repair, mainly by accelerating the efficiency of homologous recombination repair. Under oxidative stress, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is transported to the nucleus to protect against DNA damage. RSV can promote TyrRS acetylation, thus promoting TyrRS to enter the nucleus, where it regulates the relevant signaling proteins and reduces apoptosis and DNA damage. SIRT1 is a deacetylase, and SIRT1 knockdown or inhibition can increase TyrRS acetylation levels, further reducing radiation-induced apoptosis after RSV treatment. Our study revealed a new radiation protection mechanism for RSV, in which the acetylation of TyrRS and its translocation into the nucleus is promoted, and this mechanism may also represent a novel protective target against irradiation.-Gao, P., Li, N., Ji, K., Wang, Y., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, J., He, N., Sun, Z., Du, L., Liu, Q. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoyang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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13
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Jin M. Unique roles of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in immune control and its therapeutic implications. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 30613102 PMCID: PMC6321835 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WRS) is an essential enzyme as it catalyzes the ligation of tryptophan to its cognate tRNA during translation. Interestingly, mammalian WRS has evolved to acquire domains or motifs for novel functions beyond protein synthesis; WRS can also further expand its functions via alternative splicing and proteolytic cleavage. WRS is localized not only to the nucleus but also to the extracellular space, playing a key role in innate immunity, angiogenesis, and IFN-γ signaling. In addition, the expression of WRS varies significantly in different tissues and pathological states, implying that it plays unique roles in physiological homeostasis and immune defense. This review addresses the current knowledge regarding the evolution, structural features, and context-dependent functions of WRS, particularly focusing on its roles in immune regulation. Targeting tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WRS), an evolutionarily conserved enzyme involved in protein synthesis, could be an effective strategy for modulating the immune system. In addition to helping translate mRNA into amino acid sequences in cytoplasm, human WRS can be secreted and activate immune responses against invading pathogens. Mirim Jin at Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea, reviews recent studies on the structure, expression pattern and functions of WRS other than protein synthesis. High levels of WRS protein have been found in patients with sepsis and autoimmune diseases suggesting that inhibiting WRS could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating these conditions. Further research into WRS will shed light not only on how it regulates the immune system, but also on how it exerts other reported effects on blood vessel formation and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Jin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea. .,Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
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14
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Kekez M, Zanki V, Kekez I, Baranasic J, Hodnik V, Duchêne A, Anderluh G, Gruic‐Sovulj I, Matković‐Čalogović D, Weygand‐Durasevic I, Rokov‐Plavec J. Arabidopsis
seryl‐
tRNA
synthetase: the first crystal structure and novel protein interactor of plant aminoacyl‐
tRNA
synthetase. FEBS J 2019; 286:536-554. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kekez
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vladimir Zanki
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivana Kekez
- Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jurica Baranasic
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Hodnik
- National Institute of Chemistry Ljubljana Slovenia
- Biotechnical faculty University of Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anne‐Marie Duchêne
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes CNRS, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg Cedex France
| | | | - Ita Gruic‐Sovulj
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dubravka Matković‐Čalogović
- Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivana Weygand‐Durasevic
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jasmina Rokov‐Plavec
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Croatia
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15
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The Ribosome as a Missing Link in Prebiotic Evolution III: Over-Representation of tRNA- and rRNA-Like Sequences and Plieofunctionality of Ribosome-Related Molecules Argues for the Evolution of Primitive Genomes from Ribosomal RNA Modules. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010140. [PMID: 30609737 PMCID: PMC6337102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) formed the basis of the first cellular genomes, and provide evidence from a review of relevant literature and proteonomic tests. We have proposed previously that the ribosome may represent the vestige of the first self-replicating entity in which rRNAs also functioned as genes that were transcribed into functional messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding ribosomal proteins. rRNAs also encoded polymerases to replicate itself and a full complement of the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) required to translate its genes. We explore here a further prediction of our “ribosome-first” theory: the ribosomal genome provided the basis for the first cellular genomes. Modern genomes should therefore contain an unexpectedly large percentage of tRNA- and rRNA-like modules derived from both sense and antisense reading frames, and these should encode non-ribosomal proteins, as well as ribosomal ones with key cell functions. Ribosomal proteins should also have been co-opted by cellular evolution to play extra-ribosomal functions. We review existing literature supporting these predictions. We provide additional, new data demonstrating that rRNA-like sequences occur at significantly higher frequencies than predicted on the basis of mRNA duplications or randomized RNA sequences. These data support our “ribosome-first” theory of cellular evolution.
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16
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Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates thrombopoietin-independent hematopoiesis accelerating recovery from thrombocytopenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8228-E8235. [PMID: 30104364 PMCID: PMC6126720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs in the first step of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. However, in higher eukaryotes, they acquired additional functions beyond translation. In the present study, we show that an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT) functions to enhance megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in vitro and in vivo. These findings were confirmed with human megakaryocytes differentiated from peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and with human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The activity of YRSACT is independent of thrombopoietin (TPO), as evidenced by expansion of the megakaryocytes from iPS cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells from a patient deficient in TPO signaling. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of an aaRS which may have implications for therapeutic interventions. New mechanisms behind blood cell formation continue to be uncovered, with therapeutic approaches for hematological diseases being of great interest. Here we report an enzyme in protein synthesis, known for cell-based activities beyond translation, is a factor inducing megakaryocyte-biased hematopoiesis, most likely under stress conditions. We show an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT), prepared either by rationally designed mutagenesis or alternative splicing, induces expansion of a previously unrecognized high-ploidy Sca-1+ megakaryocyte population capable of accelerating platelet replenishment after depletion. Moreover, YRSACT targets monocytic cells to induce secretion of transacting cytokines that enhance megakaryocyte expansion stimulating the Toll-like receptor/MyD88 pathway. Platelet replenishment by YRSACT is independent of thrombopoietin (TPO), as evidenced by expansion of the megakaryocytes from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells from a patient deficient in TPO signaling. We suggest megakaryocyte-biased hematopoiesis induced by YRSACT offers new approaches for treating thrombocytopenia, boosting yields from cell-culture production of platelet concentrates for transfusion, and bridging therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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17
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Lu H, Chelvanambi S, Poirier C, Saliba J, March KL, Clauss M, Bogatcheva NV. EMAPII Monoclonal Antibody Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Injury. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2060-2069. [PMID: 29910176 PMCID: PMC6094359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major worldwide health threat, especially to high-risk populations, including the young and elderly. There is an unmet clinical need for therapy that will protect the lungs from damage caused by lower respiratory infection. Here, we analyzed the role of EMAPII, a stress- and virus-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factor, in IAV-induced lung injury. First, we demonstrated that IAV induces EMAPII surface translocation, release, and apoptosis in cultured endothelial and epithelial cells. Next, we showed that IAV induces EMAPII surface translocation and release to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mouse lungs, concomitant with increases in caspase 3 activity. Injection of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against EMAPII attenuated IAV-induced EMAPII levels, weight loss, reduction of blood oxygenation, lung edema, and increase of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF alpha. In accordance with the pro-apoptotic properties of EMAPII, levels of caspase 3 activity in BALF were also decreased by mAb treatment. Moreover, we detected EMAPII mAb-induced increase in lung levels of M2-like macrophage markers YM1 and CD206. All together, these data strongly suggest that EMAPII mAb ameliorates IAV-induced lung injury by limiting lung cell apoptosis and shifting the host inflammatory setting toward resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; VC-CAST Signature Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarvesh Chelvanambi
- VC-CAST Signature Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christophe Poirier
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jacob Saliba
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; VC-CAST Signature Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- VC-CAST Signature Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogatcheva
- Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; VC-CAST Signature Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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18
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11th IUBMB Focused Meeting on the Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases: Sailing a New Sea of Complex Functions in Human Biology and Disease. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020022. [PMID: 29723968 PMCID: PMC6023080 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 11th IUBMB Focused Meeting on Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases was held in Clearwater Beach, Florida from 29 October–2 November 2017, with the aim of presenting the latest research on these enzymes and promoting interchange among aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) researchers. Topics covered in the meeting included many areas of investigation, including ARS evolution, mechanism, editing functions, biology in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their organelles, their roles in human diseases, and their application to problems in emerging areas of synthetic biology. In this report, we provide a summary of the major themes of the meeting, citing contributions from the oral presentations in the meeting.
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19
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Kaiser F, Bittrich S, Salentin S, Leberecht C, Haupt VJ, Krautwurst S, Schroeder M, Labudde D. Backbone Brackets and Arginine Tweezers delineate Class I and Class II aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006101. [PMID: 29659563 PMCID: PMC5919687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the machinery that realizes protein biosynthesis in all organisms is still unclear. One key component of this machinery are aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS), which ligate tRNAs to amino acids while consuming ATP. Sequence analyses revealed that these enzymes can be divided into two complementary classes. Both classes differ significantly on a sequence and structural level, feature different reaction mechanisms, and occur in diverse oligomerization states. The one unifying aspect of both classes is their function of binding ATP. We identified Backbone Brackets and Arginine Tweezers as most compact ATP binding motifs characteristic for each Class. Geometric analysis shows a structural rearrangement of the Backbone Brackets upon ATP binding, indicating a general mechanism of all Class I structures. Regarding the origin of aaRS, the Rodin-Ohno hypothesis states that the peculiar nature of the two aaRS classes is the result of their primordial forms, called Protozymes, being encoded on opposite strands of the same gene. Backbone Brackets and Arginine Tweezers were traced back to the proposed Protozymes and their more efficient successors, the Urzymes. Both structural motifs can be observed as pairs of residues in contemporary structures and it seems that the time of their addition, indicated by their placement in the ancient aaRS, coincides with the evolutionary trace of Proto- and Urzymes. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are primordial enzymes essential for interpretation and transfer of genetic information. Understanding the origin of the peculiarities observed with aaRS can explain what constituted the earliest life forms and how the genetic code was established. The increasing amount of experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of aaRS opens up new avenues for high-throughput analyses of molecular mechanisms. In this study, we present an exhaustive structural analysis of ATP binding motifs. We unveil an oppositional implementation of enzyme substrate binding in each aaRS Class. While Class I binds via interactions mediated by backbone hydrogen bonds, Class II uses a pair of arginine residues to establish salt bridges to its ATP ligand. We show how nature realized the binding of the same ligand species with completely different mechanisms. In addition, we demonstrate that sequence or even structure analysis for conserved residues may miss important functional aspects which can only be revealed by ligand interaction studies. Additionally, the placement of those key residues in the structure supports a popular hypothesis, which states that prototypic aaRS were once coded on complementary strands of the same gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kaiser
- University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Bittrich
- University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Leberecht
- University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dirk Labudde
- University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
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20
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Markers. BIOMATHEMATICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL MODELING OF THE CIRCULATORY AND VENTILATORY SYSTEMS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123062 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89315-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk is assessed for the prediction and appropriate management of patients using collections of identified risk markers obtained from clinical questionnaire information, concentrations of certain blood molecules (e.g., N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide fragment and soluble receptors of tumor-necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2), imaging data using various modalities, and electrocardiographic variables, in addition to traditional risk factors.
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21
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Venkat S, Gregory C, Gan Q, Fan C. Biochemical Characterization of the Lysine Acetylation of Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase in Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1928-1934. [PMID: 28741290 PMCID: PMC5629106 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play essential roles in protein synthesis. As a member of the aaRS family, the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) in Escherichia coli has been shown in proteomic studies to be acetylated at multiple lysine residues. However, these putative acetylation targets have not yet been biochemically characterized. In this study, we applied a genetic-code-expansion strategy to site-specifically incorporate Nϵ -acetyl-l-lysine into selected positions of TyrRS for in vitro characterization. Enzyme assays demonstrated that acetylation at K85, K235, and K238 could impair the enzyme activity. In vitro deacetylation experiments showed that most acetylated lysine residues in TyrRS were sensitive to the E. coli deacetylase CobB but not YcgC. In vitro acetylation assays indicated that 25 members of the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase family in E. coli, including YfiQ, could not acetylate TyrRS efficiently, whereas TyrRS could be acetylated chemically by acetyl-CoA or acetyl-phosphate (AcP) only. Our in vitro characterization experiments indicated that lysine acetylation could be a possible mechanism for modulating aaRS enzyme activities, thus affecting translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Venkat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Caroline Gregory
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 727011, USA
| | - Qinglei Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Chenguang Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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22
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Kim SB, Kim HR, Park MC, Cho S, Goughnour PC, Han D, Yoon I, Kim Y, Kang T, Song E, Kim P, Choi H, Mun JY, Song C, Lee S, Jung HS, Kim S. Caspase-8 controls the secretion of inflammatory lysyl-tRNA synthetase in exosomes from cancer cells. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2201-2216. [PMID: 28611052 PMCID: PMC5496609 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), enzymes that normally control protein synthesis, can be secreted and have different activities in the extracellular space, but the mechanism of their secretion is not understood. This study describes the secretion route of the ARS lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) and how this process is regulated by caspase activity, which has been implicated in the unconventional secretion of other proteins. We show that KRS is secreted from colorectal carcinoma cells within the lumen of exosomes that can trigger an inflammatory response. Caspase-8 cleaved the N-terminal of KRS, thus exposing a PDZ-binding motif located in the C terminus of KRS. Syntenin bound to the exposed PDZ-binding motif of KRS and facilitated the exosomic secretion of KRS dissociated from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. KRS-containing exosomes released by cancer cells induced macrophage migration, and their secretion of TNF-α and cleaved KRS made a significant contribution to these activities, which suggests a novel mechanism by which caspase-8 may promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bum Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter C Goughnour
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeyoung Han
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ina Yoon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - YounHa Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehee Kang
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyosun Choi
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Structural characterization of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for translational and nontranslational functions. Methods 2017; 113:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Mirando AC, Abdi K, Wo P, Lounsbury KM. Assessing the effects of threonyl-tRNA synthetase on angiogenesis-related responses. Methods 2016; 113:132-138. [PMID: 27847344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent reports have found a connection between specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and the regulation of angiogenesis. As this new area of research is explored, it is important to have reliable assays to assess the specific angiogenesis functions of these enzymes. This review provides information about specific in vitro and in vivo methods that were used to assess the angiogenic functions of threonyl-tRNA synthetase including endothelial cell migration and tube assays as well as chorioallantoic membrane and tumor vascularization assays. The theory and discussion include best methods of analysis and quantification along with the advantages and limitations of each type of assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Mirando
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Khadar Abdi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Peibin Wo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Karen M Lounsbury
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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25
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Lee CW, Chang KP, Chen YY, Liang Y, Hsueh C, Yu JS, Chang YS, Yu CJ. Overexpressed tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, an angiostatic protein, enhances oral cancer cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21979-92. [PMID: 26110569 PMCID: PMC4673140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Previously, we identified the angiostatic agent tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) as a dysregulated protein in OSCC based on a proteomics approach. Herein, we show that TrpRS is overexpressed in OSCC tissues (139/146, 95.2%) compared with adjacent normal tissues and that TrpRS expression positively correlates with tumor stage, overall TNM stage, perineural invasion and tumor depth. Importantly, the TrpRS levels were significantly higher in tumor cells from metastatic lymph nodes than in corresponding primary tumor cells. TrpRS knockdown or treatment with conditioned media obtained from TrpRS-knockdown cells significantly reduced oral cancer cell viability and invasiveness. TrpRS overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion. In addition, the extracellular addition of TrpRS rescued the invasion ability of TrpRS-knockdown cells. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence staining further revealed that TrpRS was distributed on the cell surface, suggesting that secreted TrpRS promotes OSCC progression via an extrinsic pathway. Collectively, our results demonstrated the clinical significance and a novel role of TrpRS in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yu Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Pathology Core, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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26
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Clinical and microarray analysis of breast cancers of all subtypes from two prospective preoperative chemotherapy studies. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:411-9. [PMID: 27415010 PMCID: PMC4985347 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to analyse clinical and gene expression profiles to predict pathologic complete response and disease-free survival using two consecutive, prospective, preoperative chemotherapy trial cohorts. Methods: Clinicopathological and gene expression data were evaluated in a cohort from two consecutive phase II preoperative studies that included patients with stage IIA–IIIC breast cancer of all subtypes. Analysed specimens were obtained before preoperative chemotherapy, and cDNA microarray analyses were performed using the Affymetrix Gene Chip U133 plus 2.0. Results: Between December 2005 and December 2010, 122 patients were analysed. The pathologic complete response rate was significantly higher in HER2+ and HR−/HER2− cancers. Age, pathologic complete response, HR−/HER2− status, and lymph node positivity (⩾4) were significant poor prognostic factors for disease-free survival. For the cDNA microarray analyses, sufficient tumour samples were available from 78 of the 107 patients (73%). An 8-gene signature predictive of pathologic complete response and a 17-gene signature predictive of prognosis were identified. Patients were categorised into low-risk (n=45) and high-risk groups (n=33) (HR 70.0, P=0.004). Conclusions: This study yielded preliminary data on the expression of specific genes predicting pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in a cohort of chemonaïve breast cancer patients. Further validation may distinguish those who would benefit most from perioperative chemotherapy as well as those needing further intervention.
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27
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Lounsbury KM, Francklyn CS. Aminoacyl-Transfer RNA Synthetases: Connecting Nutrient Status to Angiogenesis Through the Unfolded Protein Response. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:582-3. [PMID: 27010025 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Lounsbury
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (K.M.L.) and Biochemistry (C.S.F.), University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington.
| | - Christopher S Francklyn
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (K.M.L.) and Biochemistry (C.S.F.), University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington
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28
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Moreno-Castellanos N, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Cano DA, Madrazo-Atutxa A, Peinado JR, Pereira-Cunill JL, García-Luna PP, Morales-Conde S, Socas-Macias M, Vázquez-Martínez R, Leal-Cerro A, Malagón MM. The Effects of Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss on Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese Women Depends on the Initial Metabolic Status. Obes Surg 2015; 26:1757-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Mirando AC, Fang P, Williams TF, Baldor LC, Howe AK, Ebert AM, Wilkinson B, Lounsbury KM, Guo M, Francklyn CS. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase dependent angiogenesis revealed by a bioengineered macrolide inhibitor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13160. [PMID: 26271225 PMCID: PMC4536658 DOI: 10.1038/srep13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze an early step in protein synthesis, but also regulate diverse physiological processes in animal cells. These include angiogenesis, and human threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) represents a potent pro-angiogenic AARS. Angiogenesis stimulation can be blocked by the macrolide antibiotic borrelidin (BN), which exhibits a broad spectrum toxicity that has discouraged deeper investigation. Recently, a less toxic variant (BC194) was identified that potently inhibits angiogenesis. Employing biochemical, cell biological, and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the toxicity of BN and its derivatives is linked to its competition with the threonine substrate at the molecular level, which stimulates amino acid starvation and apoptosis. By separating toxicity from the inhibition of angiogenesis, a direct role for TARS in vascular development in the zebrafish could be demonstrated. Bioengineered natural products are thus useful tools in unmasking the cryptic functions of conventional enzymes in the regulation of complex processes in higher metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengfei Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida
| | | | | | - Alan K Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont
| | | | - Barrie Wilkinson
- Isomerase Therapeutics Ltd, Science Village, Chesterford Research Park, Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | | | - Min Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida
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