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Nugraha R, Kurniawan F, Abdullah A, Lopata AL, Ruethers T. Antihypertensive and Antidiabetic Drug Candidates from Milkfish ( Chanos chanos)-Identification and Characterization through an Integrated Bioinformatic Approach. Foods 2024; 13:2594. [PMID: 39200521 PMCID: PMC11353658 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrated bioinformatics tools have created more efficient and robust methods to overcome in vitro challenges and have been widely utilized for the investigation of food proteins and the generation of peptide sequences. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of novel peptides derived from hydrolyzed milkfish (Chanos chanos) protein sequences and to discover their potential angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)- and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV)-inhibitory activities using machine learning-based tools, including BIOPEP-UWM, PeptideRanker, and the molecular docking software HADDOCK 2.4. Nine and three peptides were predicted to have ACE- and DPPIV-inhibitory activities, respectively. The DPPIV-inhibitory peptides were predicted to inhibit the compound with no known specific mode. Meanwhile, two tetrapeptides (MVWH and PPPS) were predicted to possess a competitive mode of ACE inhibition by directly binding to the tetra-coordinated Zn ion. Among all nine discovered ACE-inhibitory peptides, only the PPPS peptide satisfied the drug-likeness analysis requirements with no violations of the Lipinski rule of five and should be further investigated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Nugraha
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga 16680, Indonesia; (F.K.); (A.A.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (A.L.L.); (T.R.)
| | - Fahmi Kurniawan
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga 16680, Indonesia; (F.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Asadatun Abdullah
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga 16680, Indonesia; (F.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Andreas L. Lopata
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (A.L.L.); (T.R.)
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Thimo Ruethers
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (A.L.L.); (T.R.)
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
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2
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Kang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Yang Y, Jia Q. MMDB: Multimodal dual-branch model for multi-functional bioactive peptide prediction. Anal Biochem 2024; 690:115491. [PMID: 38460901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides can hinder oxidative processes and microbial spoilage in foodstuffs and play important roles in treating diverse diseases and disorders. While most of the methods focus on single-functional bioactive peptides and have obtained promising prediction performance, it is still a significant challenge to accurately detect complex and diverse functions simultaneously with the quick increase of multi-functional bioactive peptides. In contrast to previous research on multi-functional bioactive peptide prediction based solely on sequence, we propose a novel multimodal dual-branch (MMDB) lightweight deep learning model that designs two different branches to effectively capture the complementary information of peptide sequence and structural properties. Specifically, a multi-scale dilated convolution with Bi-LSTM branch is presented to effectively model the different scales sequence properties of peptides while a multi-layer convolution branch is proposed to capture structural information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effective extraction of peptide sequence features using multi-scale dilated convolution without parameter increase. Multimodal features from both branches are integrated via a fully connected layer for multi-label classification. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our MMDB model exhibits competitive results across metrics, with a 9.1% Coverage increase and 5.3% and 3.5% improvements in Precision and Accuracy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Pilot School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, China.
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Information Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
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3
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Galland F, de Espindola JS, Sacilotto ES, Almeida LGVC, Morari J, Velloso LA, Dos Santos LD, Rossini BC, Bertoldo Pacheco MT. Digestion of whey peptide induces antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity on glial cells: Sequences identification and structural activity analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114433. [PMID: 38823827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Whey derived peptides have shown potential activity improving brain function in pathological condition. However, there is little information about their mechanism of action on glial cells, which have important immune functions in brain. Astrocytes and microglia are essential in inflammatory and oxidative defense that take place in neurodegenerative disease. In this work we evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential bioactivity of whey peptide in glial cells. Peptides were formed during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (Infogest protocol), and low molecular weight (<5kDA) peptides (WPHf) attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide stimulus in both cells in dose-dependent manner. WPHf induced an increase in the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content and prevented GSH reduction induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulus in astrocytes cells in a cell specific form. An increase in cytokine mRNA expression (TNFα and IL6) and nitric oxide secretion induced by LPS was attenuated by WPHf pre-treatment in both cells. The inflammatory pathway was dependent on NFκB activation. Bioactive peptide ranking analysis showed positive correlation with hydrophobicity and negative correlation with high molecular weights. The sequence identification revealed 19 peptides cross-referred with bioactive database. Whey peptides were rich in leucine, valine and tyrosine in the C-terminal region and lysine in the N-terminal region. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of whey peptides were assessed in glia cells and its mechanisms of action were related, such as modulation of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory pathways. Features of the peptide structure, such as molecular size, hydrophobicity and types of amino acids present in the terminal region are associated to bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Galland
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Santos de Espindola
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Spagnol Sacilotto
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Lilian Gabriely V C Almeida
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Institute of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco
- Quality and Science Center of Food, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Brazil Ave. 2880, P.O. Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil.
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Figueroa-Salcido OG, Arámburo-Gálvez JG, Mora-Melgem JA, Camacho-Cervantes DL, Gracia-Valenzuela MH, Cuevas-Rodríguez EO, Ontiveros N. Alcalase-Based Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Protein Hydrolysates Efficiently Reduce Systolic Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Foods 2024; 13:1216. [PMID: 38672889 PMCID: PMC11049421 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on antihypertensive chickpea protein hydrolysates have rarely performed in vivo evaluations, limiting the entry of such hydrolysates into functional food development and clinical trials. Thus, our aim was to optimize the hydrolysis conditions to produce an alcalase-based chickpea hydrolysate with a hypotensive effect in vivo at convenient oral doses. The hydrolysis reaction time, temperature, and alcalase/substrate concentration were optimized using a response surface analysis (RSA). ACE-I inhibition was the response variable. The optimized hydrolysis conditions were time = 0.5 h, temperature = 40 °C, and E/S concentration = 0.254 (U/g). The IC50 of the optimized hydrolysate (OCPH) was 0.358 mg/mL. Five hydrolysates from the RSA worksheet (one of them obtained after 5 min of hydrolysis (CPH15)) had an ACE-I inhibitory potential similar to that of OCPH (p > 0.05). At 50 mg/kg doses, OCPH and CPH15 promoted a clinically relevant hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats, up to -47.35 mmHg and -28.95 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.05 vs. negative control). Furthermore, the hypotensive effect was sustained for at least 7 h post-supplementation. Overall, OCPH and CPH15 are promising ingredients for functional food development and as test materials for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gerardo Figueroa-Salcido
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Gilberto Arámburo-Gálvez
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (J.A.M.-M.); (D.L.C.-C.)
| | - José Antonio Mora-Melgem
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (J.A.M.-M.); (D.L.C.-C.)
| | - Diana Laura Camacho-Cervantes
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (J.A.M.-M.); (D.L.C.-C.)
| | | | - Edith Oliva Cuevas-Rodríguez
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Noé Ontiveros
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (J.A.M.-M.); (D.L.C.-C.)
- Clinical and Research Laboratory (LACIUS, C.N.), Department of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences (DC-QB), Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Sonora, Mexico
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Shin S, Park J, Choi HY, Bu Y, Lee K. Blood-Pressure-Lowering and Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxant Effects of Nutgall Tree in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:1041. [PMID: 38611347 PMCID: PMC11011363 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the crucial modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and efforts to identify functional foods that are effective for hypertension control are increasing. The nutgall tree (NT, Rhus chinensis Mill.) is used in traditional medicine and food because of its medicinal value. However, the role of NT in hypertension has not been investigated. Therefore, the hypotensive effect of NT leaf ethanol extract (NTE) was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were allocated to three groups (control, 300, or 1000 mg/kg NTE), and blood pressure was measured before and after oral administration. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased in the NTE 1000 mg/kg group and was the lowest at 2 h after administration (-26.4 ± 10.3, -33.5 ± 9.8%, respectively). Daily NTE administration for five days also resulted in a similar effect. Further, the vasorelaxant effects and related mechanisms were investigated in the aortas of Sprague Dawley rats. NTE showed the dose-dependent blood-vessel-relaxing effect, and its mechanism involves the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, activation of K+ channels, and reduction in the vasoconstrictive action of angiotensin II. Therefore, our study provides basic data indicating the potential use of NTE as a functional food for high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.B.)
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Song T, Ding YY, Zhang T, Cai Q, Hu Y, Gu Q, Gu Z. Soybean-derived antihypertensive hydrolysates attenuate Ang II-induced renal damage by modulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2024; 15:2485-2496. [PMID: 38334682 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension-induced kidney injury is considered a vital consequence of long-term and uncontrolled hypertension, which is commonly associated with an excessive accumulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) from hyperactivated RAS. Antihypertensive peptides have a significant effect on blood pressure regulation, but few studies have focused on the ameliorative function of antihypertensive peptides on renal injury. This study explored the effects of soybean protein-derived hydrolysate (SPH) on SHR and Ang II-induced HK-2 cells. SPH significantly attenuated blood pressure and alleviated renal pathological injury in SHRs after oral gavage administration. According to the pathological results, the kidneys of SHRs showed inflammation and SPH attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidneys of SHRs. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that SPH inhibited MCP-1 expression and increased Nrf2 expression in the kidneys. An in vitro HK-2 cell model demonstrated that SPH exhibited optimal activity for reducing Ang II-induced inflammatory cytokines and ROS overproduction. Mechanistically, SPH was observed to regulate MAPK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. These findings indicate that potent antihypertensive SPH significantly ameliorates hypertension-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Song
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yin-Yi Ding
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaolin Cai
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Institute of Surgery of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zhenyu Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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Fan H, Shang N, Davidge ST, Wu J. Chicken Muscle-Derived ACE2-Upregulating Peptide VVHPKESF Reduces Blood Pressure Associated with the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR Axis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300524. [PMID: 38356052 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the antihypertensive effect of four chicken muscle-derived angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzymes (ACE)-regulating peptides: Val-Arg-Pro (VRP, ACE inhibition), Leu-Lys-Tyr and Val-Arg-Tyr (LKY and VRY, ACE inhibition and ACE2 upregulation), and Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys-Glu-Ser-Phe (VVHPKESF [V-F], ACE2 upregulation) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats (12-14 weeks old) are grouped: 1) untreated, 2) VRP, 3) LKY, 4) VRY, and 5) V-F. Blood pressure (BP) is monitored using implantable telemetry technology. Over 18-day oral administration of 15 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) per day, only peptide V-F significantly (p < 0.05) reduces BP, decreases circulating Ang II, and increases ACE2 and Ang (1-7) levels, and enhances aortic expressions of ACE2 and Mas receptor (MasR). Peptide V-F also attenuates vascular inflammation (TNFα, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-15, and cyclooxygenase 2 [COX2]) and vascular oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine). The gastrointestinal (GI)-degraded fragment of peptide V-F, Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys (VVHPK), is also an ACE2-upregulating peptide. Peptides VRP, LKY, and VRY do not reduce BP, possibly due to low bioavailability or other unknown reasons. CONCLUSIONS Peptide V-F is the first ACE2-upregulating peptide, purified and fractionated from food proteins based on in vitro ACE2 upregulation, that reduces BP associated with the activation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis; the N-terminal moiety VVHPK may be responsible for the antihypertensive effect of V-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
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Du Z, Ding X, Hsu W, Munir A, Xu Y, Li Y. pLM4ACE: A protein language model based predictor for antihypertensive peptide screening. Food Chem 2024; 431:137162. [PMID: 37604011 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) regulates the renin-angiotensin system and is a drug target in clinical treatment for hypertension. This study aims to develop a protein language model (pLM) with evolutionary scale modeling (ESM-2) embeddings that is trained on experimental data to screen peptides with strong ACE inhibitory activity. Twelve conventional peptide embedding approaches and five machine learning (ML) modeling methods were also tested for performance comparison. Among the 65 classifiers tested, logistic regression with ESM-2 embeddings showed the best performance, with balanced accuracy (BACC), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and area under the curve of 0.883 ± 0.017, 0.77 ± 0.032, and 0.96 ± 0.009, respectively. Multilayer perceptron and support vector machine also exhibited great compatibility with ESM-2 embeddings. The ESM-2 embeddings showed superior performance in enhancing the prediction model compared to the 12 traditional embedding methods. A user-friendly webserver (https://sqzujiduce.us-east-1.awsapprunner.com) with the top three models is now freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiao Du
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Xingjian Ding
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - William Hsu
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Arslan Munir
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Liao W, Cao X, Yu T, Lu K, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G, Yu EY. Egg white protein hydrolysate decreased blood pressure via the competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks in female spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:9936-9946. [PMID: 37859609 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies having reported the effects and mechanisms of antihypertensive peptides including peptides derived from egg white proteins, the role of peptides in a female hypertensive animal model is unknown. On the other hand, the role of epigenetic modulation by peptide treatment has rarely been investigated. This study sought to investigate the effect of egg white protein hydrolysate (EWH) in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of the transcriptome and the profiles of non-coding RNAs. Young (12-14-week-old) female SHRs were orally administered 250 mg per kg body weight (low-dose) or 1000 mg per kg body weight (high-dose) EWH daily for 10 weeks. The blood pressure of the rats was monitored weekly. The mRNA and non-coding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA) in the aorta were profiled by the high-throughput RNA-seq technique. Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs in the aorta were identified for the construction of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks and key molecules were validated by qRT-PCR. The treatment of the high-dose EWH showed a significant effect on reducing blood pressure in female SHRs. Bioinformatic analyses revealed 813, 90, 347 and 869 DE-mRNAs, DE-miRNAs, DE-lncRNAs and DE-circRNAs, respectively. The CNTN5-LncRNA-XR_001835895.1-miR-384-5p was identified as the central network which was validated in the aorta and circulation of female SHRs. The results from this study demonstrated that the treatment with EWH reduced blood pressure via regulating the ceRNA networks in female SHRs, which provided novel insights into the mechanisms of food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Tingqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Kun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Evan Yiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
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10
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Kim HK, Jun J, Kim TW, Youn DH. Peptides derived from high voltage-gated calcium channel β subunit reduce blood pressure in rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:481-491. [PMID: 37641810 PMCID: PMC10466068 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The β subunits of high voltage-gated calcium channels (HGCCs) are essential for optimal channel functions such as channel gating, activation-inactivation kinetics, and trafficking to the membrane. In this study, we report for the first time the potent blood pressure-reducing effects of peptide fragments derived from the β subunits in anesthetized and non-anesthetized rats. Intravenous administration of 16-mer peptide fragments derived from the interacting regions of the β1 [cacb1(344-359)], β2 [cacb2(392-407)], β3 [cacb3(292-307)], and β4 [cacb4(333-348)] subunits with the main α-subunit of HGCC decreased arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner for 5-8 min in anesthetized rats. In contrast, the peptides had no effect on the peak amplitudes of voltage-activated Ca2+ current upon their intracellular application into the acutely isolated trigeminal ganglion neurons. Further, a single mutated peptide of cacb1(344-359)-cacb1(344-359)K357R-showed consistent and potent effects and was crippled by a two-amino acid-truncation at the N-terminal or C-terminal end. By conjugating palmitic acid with the second amino acid (lysine) of cacb1(344-359)K357R (named K2-palm), we extended the blood pressure reduction to several hours without losing potency. This prolonged effect on the arterial blood pressure was also observed in non-anesthetized rats. On the other hand, the intrathecal administration of acetylated and amidated cacb1(344-359)K357R peptide did not change acute nociceptive responses induced by the intradermal formalin injection in the plantar surface of rat hindpaw. Overall, these findings will be useful for developing antihypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jun
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dong-ho Youn
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
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11
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Ahmad H, Khan H, Haque S, Ahmad S, Srivastava N, Khan A. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Hypertension: A Systemic Analysis of Various ACE Inhibitors, Their Side Effects, and Bioactive Peptides as a Putative Therapy for Hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:7890188. [PMID: 37389408 PMCID: PMC10307051 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7890188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack, produce atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), congestive heart failure, stroke, kidney infection, blindness, end-stage renal infection, and cardiovascular diseases. Many mechanisms are involved in causing hypertension, i.e., via calcium channels, alpha and beta receptors, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RAS has an important role in blood pressure control and is also involved in the metabolism of glucose, homeostasis, and balance of electrolytes in the body. The components of RAS that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure are angiotensinogen, Ang I (angiotensin I), Ang II (angiotensin II), ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), and ACE 2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). These components provide for relevant therapeutic targets for the treatment of hypertension, and various drugs are commercially available that target individual components of RAS. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors are the most popular among these drugs. ACE is chosen in this review as it makes an important target for blood pressure control because it converts Ang I into Ang II and also acts on the vasodilator, bradykinin, to degrade it into inactive peptides. This review highlights various aspects of blood pressure regulation in the body with a focus on ACE, drugs targeting the components involved in regulation, their associated side effects, and a need to shift to alternative therapy for putative hypertension treatment in the form of bioactive peptides from food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ahmad
- RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah, UAE
- Microbiology and Molecular Division-RAK Hospital, Ras al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Huma Khan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Applied Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Shabirul Haque
- The Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shameem Ahmad
- Department of Orthopedics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Srivastava
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Applied Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Azhar Khan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Applied Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
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12
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Ma M, Feng Y, Miao Y, Shen Q, Tang S, Dong J, Zhang JZH, Zhang L. Revealing the Sequence Characteristics and Molecular Mechanisms of ACE Inhibitory Peptides by Comprehensive Characterization of 160,000 Tetrapeptides. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081573. [PMID: 37107368 PMCID: PMC10137938 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, such as hypertension, cause great harm to human health. Conventional drugs have promising therapeutic effects, but also cause significant side effects. Food-sourced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides are an excellent therapeutic alternative to pharmaceuticals, as they have fewer side effects. However, there is no systematic and effective screening method for ACE inhibitory peptides, and the lack of understanding of the sequence characteristics and molecular mechanism of these inhibitory peptides poses a major obstacle to the development of ACE inhibitory peptides. Through systematically calculating the binding effects of 160,000 tetrapeptides with ACE by molecular docking, we found that peptides with Tyr, Phe, His, Arg, and especially Trp were the characteristic amino acids of ACE inhibitory peptides. The tetrapeptides of WWNW, WRQF, WFRV, YYWK, WWDW, and WWTY rank in the top 10 peptides exhibiting significantly high ACE inhibiting behaviors, with IC50 values between 19.98 ± 8.19 μM and 36.76 ± 1.32 μM. Salt bridges, π-π stacking, π-cations, and hydrogen bonds contributed to the high binding characteristics of the inhibitors and ACE. Introducing eight Trp into rabbit skeletal muscle protein (no Trp in wide sequence) endowed the protein with a more than 90% ACE inhibition rate, further suggesting that meat with a high content of Trp could have potential utility in hypertension regulation. This study provides a clear direction for the development and screening of ACE inhibitory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yinghui Feng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yulu Miao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuting Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
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13
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Properties of ACE inhibitory peptides isolated from Sipunculus nudus L and a DSPE-PEG modification for sustained release anti-hypertension agent. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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14
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Exploring the Potential of Black Soldier Fly Larval Proteins as Bioactive Peptide Sources through in Silico Gastrointestinal Proteolysis: A Cheminformatic Investigation. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their potential as a protein source for human consumption, the health benefits of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) proteins following human gastrointestinal (GI) digestion are poorly understood. This computational study explored the potential of BSFL proteins to release health-promoting peptides after human GI digestion. Twenty-six proteins were virtually proteolyzed with GI proteases. The resultant peptides were screened for high GI absorption and non-toxicity. Shortlisted peptides were searched against the BIOPEP-UWM and Scopus databases to identify their bioactivities. The potential of the peptides as inhibitors of myeloperoxidase (MPO), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and xanthine oxidase (XO), as well as a disruptor of Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction, were predicted using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Our results revealed that about 95% of the 5218 fragments generated from the proteolysis of BSFL proteins came from muscle proteins. Dipeptides comprised the largest group (about 25%) of fragments arising from each muscular protein. Screening of 1994 di- and tripeptides using SwissADME and STopTox tools revealed 65 unique sequences with high GI absorption and non-toxicity. A search of the databases identified 16 antioxidant peptides, 14 anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme peptides, and 17 anti-dipeptidyl peptidase IV peptides among these sequences. Results from molecular docking and dynamic simulation suggest that the dipeptide DF has the potential to inhibit Keap1–Nrf2 interaction and interact with MPO within a short time frame, whereas the dipeptide TF shows promise as an XO inhibitor. BSFL peptides were likely weak NOX inhibitors. Our in silico results suggest that upon GI digestion, BSFL proteins may yield high-GI-absorbed and non-toxic peptides with potential health benefits. This study is the first to investigate the bioactivity of peptides liberated from BSFL proteins following human GI digestion. Our findings provide a basis for further investigations into the potential use of BSFL proteins as a functional food ingredient with significant health benefits.
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15
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Bicak B. Structural, spectroscopic, molecular docking, ADME, molecular dynamics studies of Val-Trp dipeptide. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13873-13890. [PMID: 36843537 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2183041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for various diseases, especially heart, brain, and kidney diseases. It is known that many peptides have the property of lowering blood pressure and determine as ACE inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the molecular structure of Val-Trp (L-valyl-L-tryptophan), which is one of the antihypertensive peptides, by molecular mechanical, quantum mechanical, and spectroscopic methods (FT-IR and Raman). Also, it is aimed to investigate the interactions of Val-Trp dipeptide with receptors related to hypertension and to determine the pharmacokinetic profile due to the potential of the peptide to be a drug candidate. The peptide structure was optimized by DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set, then vibrational wavenumbers, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO-LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital- lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), NBO (natural bond orbital) analyzes were performed. The assignment of fundamental theoretical vibration wavenumbers was carried out with potential energy distribution analysis (PED). After the structural analyzes of the peptide were performed, the interactions of the peptide with Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 (AT1R) and Renin were investigated by molecular docking study. Then, the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the peptide-ACE complex with the best binding affinity in the molecular docking studies was carried out for 50 ns. ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analysis of Val-Trp dipeptide was performed. In support of the studies carried out, enlightening information about the feasibility of the antihypertensive drug of Val-Trp dipeptide with the help of the ADME profile was presented to the literature.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Bicak
- Physics Department, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Landim APM, Tiburski JH, Mellinger CG, Juliano P, Rosenthal A. Potential Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Production of Hydrolyzed Proteins with Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Properties and Low Allergenicity: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030630. [PMID: 36766158 PMCID: PMC9914325 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) process has been studied for several applications in food technology and has been commercially implemented in several countries, mainly for non-thermal pasteurization and shelf-life extension of food products. HHP processing has been demonstrated to accelerate proteolytic hydrolysis at a specific combination of pressure and pressure-holding time for a given protein source and enzyme. The enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a well-known alternative to producing biologically active peptides, with antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity, from different food protein sources. However, some of these protein sources contain allergenic epitopes which are often not degraded by traditional hydrolysis. Moreover, the peptide profile and related biological activity of a hydrolysate depend on the protein source, the enzymes used, the parameters of the proteolysis process (pH, temperature, time of hydrolysis), and the use of other technologies such as HHP. The present review aims to provide an update on the use of HHP for improving enzymatic hydrolysis, with a particular focus on studies which evaluated hydrolysate antihypertensive and antioxidant capacity, as well as residual allergenicity. Overall, HHP has been shown to improve the biological properties of hydrolysates. While protein allergenicity can be reduced with traditional hydrolysis, HHP can further reduce the allergenicity. Compared with traditional hydrolysis methods, HHP-assisted protein hydrolysis offers a greater opportunity to add value to protein-rich products through conversion into high-end hydrolysate products with enhanced nutritional and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Miguel Landim
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julia Hauck Tiburski
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Grassi Mellinger
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pablo Juliano
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Amauri Rosenthal
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-21-3622-9620
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17
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Accurate Prediction of Anti-hypertensive Peptides Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Gated Recurrent unit. Interdiscip Sci 2022; 14:879-894. [PMID: 35474167 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-022-00521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a general disease, and also one of the most ordinary and major causes of cardiovascular disease. Some diseases are caused by high blood pressure, including impairment of heart and kidney function, cerebral hemorrhage and myocardial infarction. Due to the limitations of laboratory methods, bioactive peptides for the treatment of HT need a long time to be identified. Therefore, it is of great immediate significance for the identification of anti-hypertensive peptides (AHTPs). With the prevalence of machine learning, it is suggested to use it as a supplementary method for AHTPs classification. Therefore, we develop a new model to identify AHTPs based on multiple features and deep learning. And the deep model is constructed by combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a gated recurrent unit (GRU). The unique convolution structure is used to reduce the feature dimension and running time. The data processed by CNN is input into the recurrent structure GRU, and important information is filtered out through the reset gate and update gate. Finally, the output layer adopts Sigmoid activation function. Firstly, we use Kmer, the deviation between the dipeptide frequency and the expected mean (DDE), encoding based on grouped weight (EBGW), enhanced grouped amino acid composition (EGAAC) and dipeptide binary profile and frequency (DBPF) to extract features. For Kmer, DDE, EBGW and EGAAC, it is widely used in the field of protein research. DBPF is a new feature representation method designed by us. It corresponds dipeptides to binary numbers, and finally obtains a binary coding file and a frequency file. Then these features are spliced together and input into our proposed model for prediction and analysis. After a tenfold cross-validation test, this model has a better competitive advantage than the previous methods, and the accuracy is 96.23% and 99.10%, respectively. From the results, compared with the previous methods, it has been greatly improved. It shows that the combination of convolution calculation and recurrent structure has a positive impact on the classification of AHTPs. The results show that this method is a feasible, efficient and competitive sequence analysis tool for AHTPs. Meanwhile, we design a friendly online prediction tool and it is freely accessible at http://ahtps.zhanglab.site/ .
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18
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Shukla P, Sakure A, Maurya R, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Das S, Liu Z, Padhi S, Rai AK, Hati S. Antidiabetic, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory and anti‐inflammatory activities of fermented camel milk and characterisation of novel bioactive peptides from lactic‐fermented camel milk with molecular interaction study. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shukla
- Dairy Microbiology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science Anand Agricultural University Anand 388110 Gujarat India
| | - Amar Sakure
- Department of Plant Biotechnology B.A College of Agriculture Anand 388110 Gujarat India
| | - Ruchika Maurya
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutritional Biotechnology Division, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutritional Biotechnology Division, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutritional Biotechnology Division, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sujit Das
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production North‐Eastern Hill University Tura Campus Chasingre 794002 Meghalaya India
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology 18 Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre Tadong 737102 Sikkim India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre Tadong 737102 Sikkim India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Dairy Microbiology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science Kamdhenu University Anand ‐388110 Gujarat India
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19
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A review on mechanisms of action of bioactive peptides against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Juárez-Chairez MF, Cid-Gallegos MS, Meza-Márquez OG, Jiménez-Martínez C. Biological functions of peptides from legumes in gastrointestinal health. A review legume peptides with gastrointestinal protection. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14308. [PMID: 35770807 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extensively consumed worldwide, legumes such as beans, soybeans, chickpeas, and peas represent a great source of protein. Legume-derived proteins provide bioactive peptides, small sequences of amino acids produced by enzymatic hydrolysis, gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation, or germination. Recent studies showed diverse biological effects of these peptides as antioxidants, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, and even immunomodulators. These beneficial effects aid in preventing and treating chronic illnesses, particularly inflammatory disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this work discusses these biological functions in gastrointestinal digestion health of bioactive peptides obtained from common beans, soybeans, chickpeas, peas, and other legumes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Knowledge of the nutraceutical properties of legumes can encourage the use of these seeds as ingredients in the development and design of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Faridy Juárez-Chairez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, México City, Mexico
| | - María Stephanie Cid-Gallegos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, México City, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Gabriela Meza-Márquez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, México City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Jiménez-Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, México City, Mexico
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21
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Xiang X, Jiang Q, Yang H, Zhou X, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu S, Chen L. A review on shellfish polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization and amelioration of metabolic syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974860. [PMID: 36176638 PMCID: PMC9513460 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shellfish are diverse, widely distributed organisms that are a rich source of biological resources. Polysaccharides are an important components in shellfish, hence a great deal of attention has been directed at isolation and characterization of shellfish polysaccharides because of their numerous health benefits. Differences in shellfish species, habits, and environment result in the diversity of the structure and composition of polysaccharides. Thus, shellfish polysaccharides possess special biological activities. Studies have shown that shellfish polysaccharides exert biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, immune-regulation, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and antihyperglycemic effects, and are widely used in cosmetics, health products, and medicine. This review spotlights the extraction and purification methods of shellfish polysaccharides and analyses their structures, biological activities and conformational relationships; discusses the regulatory mechanism of shellfish polysaccharides on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia caused by lipid metabolism disorders; and summarizes its alleviation of lipid metabolism-related diseases. This review provides a reference for the in-depth development and utilization of shellfish polysaccharides as a functional food to regulate lipid metabolism-related diseases. To achieve high value utilization of marine shellfish resources while actively promoting the development of marine biological industry and health industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shulai Liu,
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Lin Chen,
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22
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Cao X, Liao W, Wang S. Food protein-derived bioactive peptides for the management of nutrition related chronic diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 101:277-307. [PMID: 35940708 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intervention via modifications of dietary pattern or supplementations of naturally derived bioactive compounds has been considered as an efficient approach in management of nutrition related chronic diseases. Food protein-derived bioactive peptide is representative of natural compounds which show the potential to prevent or mitigate nutrition related chronic diseases. In the past decades, substantial research has been conducted concentrating on the characterization, bioavailability, and activity assessment of bioactive peptides. Although various activities of bioactive peptides have been reported, the activity testes of most peptides were only conducted in cells and animal models. Some clinical trials of bioactive peptides were also reported but only limited to antihypertensive peptides, antidiabetic peptides and peptides modulating blood lipid profile. Hereby, clinical evidence of bioactive peptides in management of nutrition-related chronic diseases is summarized in this chapter, which aims at providing implications for the clinical studies of bioactive peptides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Seafood Paramyosins as Sources of Anti-Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme and Anti-Dipeptidyl-Peptidase Peptides after Gastrointestinal Digestion: A Cheminformatic Investigation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123864. [PMID: 35744987 PMCID: PMC9229108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paramyosins, muscle proteins occurring exclusively in invertebrates, are abundant in seafoods. The potential of seafood paramyosins (SP) as sources of anti-angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) and anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP-IV) peptides is underexplored. This in silico study investigated the release of anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides from SP after gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. We focused on SP of the common octopus, Humboldt squid, Japanese abalone, Japanese scallop, Mediterranean mussel, Pacific oyster, sea cucumber, and Whiteleg shrimp. SP protein sequences were digested on BIOPEP-UWM, followed by identification of known anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides liberated. Upon screening for high-GI-absorption, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity, shortlisted peptides were analyzed via molecular docking and dynamic to elucidate mechanisms of interactions with ACE and DPP-IV. Potential novel anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetics of peptides were predicted with SwissADME. GI digestion liberated 2853 fragments from SP. This comprised 26 known anti-ACE and 53 anti-DPP-IV peptides exhibiting high-GI-absorption, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity. SwissTargetPrediction predicted three putative anti-ACE (GIL, DL, AK) and one putative anti-DPP-IV (IAL) peptides. Molecular docking found most of the anti-ACE peptides may be non-competitive inhibitors, whereas all anti-DPP-IV peptides likely competitive inhibitors. Twenty-five nanoseconds molecular dynamics simulation suggests the stability of these screened peptides, including the three predicted anti-ACE and one predicted anti-DPP-IV peptides. Seven dipeptides resembling approved oral-bioavailable peptide drugs in physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were revealed: AY, CF, EF, TF, TY, VF, and VY. In conclusion, our study presented in silico evidence for SP being a promising source of bioavailable and safe anti-ACE and anti-DPP-IV peptides following GI digestions.
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Li Y, Li X, Liu Y, Yao Y, Huang G. MPMABP: A CNN and Bi-LSTM-Based Method for Predicting Multi-Activities of Bioactive Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:707. [PMID: 35745625 PMCID: PMC9231127 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are typically small functional peptides with 2-20 amino acid residues and play versatile roles in metabolic and biological processes. Bioactive peptides are multi-functional, so it is vastly challenging to accurately detect all their functions simultaneously. We proposed a convolution neural network (CNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM)-based deep learning method (called MPMABP) for recognizing multi-activities of bioactive peptides. The MPMABP stacked five CNNs at different scales, and used the residual network to preserve the information from loss. The empirical results showed that the MPMABP is superior to the state-of-the-art methods. Analysis on the distribution of amino acids indicated that the lysine preferred to appear in the anti-cancer peptide, the leucine in the anti-diabetic peptide, and the proline in the anti-hypertensive peptide. The method and analysis are beneficial to recognize multi-activities of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xueyong Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuewu Liu
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yuhua Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China;
| | - Guohua Huang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
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25
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Fan H, Liao W, Davidge ST, Wu J. Chicken Muscle-Derived ACE2 Upregulating Peptide VVHPKESF Inhibits Angiotensin II-Stimulated Inflammation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6397-6406. [PMID: 35584253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of four chicken muscle-derived peptides [VRP, LKY, VRY, and VVHPKESF (V-F)] on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells. Only V-F could significantly attenuate Ang II-stimulated inflammation via the inhibition of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling, being dependent on the Mas receptor (MasR) not on the Ang II type 1 or type 2 receptor (AT1R or AT2R). V-F accelerated Ang II degradation by enhancing cellular ACE2 activity, which was due to ACE2 upregulation other than a direct ACE2 activation. These findings demonstrated that V-F ameliorated Ang II-induced inflammation in A7r5 cells via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis. Three peptide metabolites of V-F─VHPKESF, PKESF, and SF─were identified but were not considered major contributors to V-F's bioactivity. The regulation of peptide V-F on vascular inflammation supported its functional food or nutraceutical application in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
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26
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Effect of Parmigiano Reggiano Consumption on Blood Pressure of Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to the significant increase in hypertension, peptides which are able to reduce blood pressure have gained special interest by scientific research and food industry. Several bioactive peptides with ascertained ACE-inhibitory activity have been found in Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) cheese and/or mixtures deriving from its digestion in vitro, and this may be predictive of itspotential antihypertensive effect in vivo. This study investigated the long-term effect of feeding (PR) cheese on blood pressure (BP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A total of 30 male SHRs, 13 weeks old, were subdivided into 6 groups balanced for body weight and BP, to receive dailydietary supplementation with: 0.1–0.2–0.4–0.6 g PR/rat, captopril, and water. Systolic and diastolic BP were recorded every two weeks, for 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the trial. Dietary integration with PR led to a transitory reduction in rats’ pressure in the first 35 days of treatment and pressure decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In the second part of the study, the beneficial effect of PR antihypertensive peptides may have been masked and reduced by the increase in BP of rats linked to the rise in age of animals. No PR derived peptides were detected in rats’ serum. Highlights: Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) cheese led to a transitory reduction in rats’ pressure in the first 35 days of treatment. This effect was PR dose dependent. The highest amounts of PR tested did not increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressures of hypertensive rats.
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27
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Ibarz-Blanch N, Morales D, Calvo E, Ros-Medina L, Muguerza B, Bravo FI, Suárez M. Role of Chrononutrition in the Antihypertensive Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091920. [PMID: 35565887 PMCID: PMC9103085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors and is considered a major public health problem. Numerous approaches have been developed to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients, most of them involving pharmacological treatments. Within this context, natural bioactive compounds have emerged as a promising alternative to drugs in HTN prevention. This work reviews not only the mechanisms of BP regulation by these antihypertensive compounds, but also their efficacy depending on consumption time. Although a plethora of studies has investigated food-derived compounds, such as phenolic compounds or peptides and their impact on BP, only a few addressed the relevance of time consumption. However, it is known that BP and its main regulatory mechanisms show a 24-h oscillation. Moreover, evidence shows that phenolic compounds can interact with clock genes, which regulate the biological rhythm followed by many physiological processes. Therefore, further research might be carried out to completely elucidate the interactions along the time–nutrition–hypertension axis within the framework of chrononutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique Calvo
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (F.I.B.); Tel.: +34-977558837 (E.C.)
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28
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Shukla P, Chopada K, Sakure A, Hati S. Current Trends and Applications of Food-derived Antihypertensive
Peptides for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:408-428. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220106100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Food derived Antihypertensive peptides is considered as a natural supplement for controlling the hypertension. Food protein not only serve as a macronutrient but also act as raw material for biosynthesis of physiologically active peptides. Food sources like milk and milk products, animal protein such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs and plant derived proteins from soy, rice, wheat, mushroom, pumpkins contain high amount of antihypertensive peptides. The food derived antihypertensive peptides has ability to supress the action of rennin and Angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) which is mainly involved in regulation of blood pressure by RAS. The biosynthesis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is also improved by ACE inhibitory peptides which increase the production of nitric oxide in vascular walls and encourage vasodilation. Interaction between the angiotensin II and its receptor is also inhibited by the peptides which help to reduce hypertension. This review will explore the novel sources and applications of food derived peptides for the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shukla
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388110,
Gujarat, India
| | - Keval Chopada
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388110,
Gujarat, India
| | - Amar Sakure
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388110, Gujarat,
India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388110,
Gujarat, India
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29
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Wongngam W, Roytrakul S, Mitani T, Katayama S, Nakamura S, Yongsawatdigul J. Isolation, identification, and in vivo evaluation of the novel antihypertensive peptide, VSKRLNGDA, derived from chicken blood cells. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Wang J, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Identified from Walnut Glutelin-1 Hydrolysates: Molecular Interaction, Stability, and Antihypertensive Effects. Nutrients 2021; 14:151. [PMID: 35011025 PMCID: PMC8747639 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide has become a research hotspot because of its essential role in maintaining human blood pressure balance. In this study, two novel ACE inhibitory peptides of Val-Glu-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-lle-Thr-Ser-Val (Valine-Glutamate-Arginine-Glycine-Arginine-Arginine-Isoleucine-Threonine-Serine-Valine, VERGRRITSV) and Phe-Val-Ile-Glu-Pro-Asn-Ile-Thr-Pro-Ala (Phenylalanine-Valine-Isoleucine-Glutamate-Proline-Asparagine-Isoleucine-Threonine-Proline-Alanine, FVIEPNITPA) were isolated and purified from defatted walnut meal hydrolysates through a series of preparation processes including ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography, and reverse high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Both peptides showed high ACE inhibitory activities. The molecular docking study revealed that VERGRRITSV and FVIEPNITPA were primarily attributed to the formation of strong hydrogen bonds with the active pockets of ACE. The binding free energies of VERGRRITSV and FVIEPNITPA with ACE were -14.99 and -14.69 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, these ACE inhibitory peptides showed good stability against gastrointestinal enzymes digestion and common food processing conditions (e.g., temperature and pH, sugar, and salt treatments). Furthermore, animal experiment results indicated that the administration of VERGRRITSV or FVIEPNITPA exhibited antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Our results demonstrated that walnut could be a potential source of bioactive peptides with ACE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi’an 710100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Se-Enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Runguang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Youlin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
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31
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Wu Q, Luo F, Wang XL, Lin Q, Liu GQ. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide: an emerging candidate for vascular dysfunction therapy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:736-755. [PMID: 34634988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1948816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal vasoconstriction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling can be promoted by angiotensin II (Ang II) in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), leading to vascular dysfunction diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Researchers have recently focused on angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs), that have desirable efficacy in vascular dysfunction therapy due to Ang II reduction by inhibiting ACE activity. Promising methods for the large-scale preparation of ACEIPs include selective enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Thus far, ACEIPs have been widely reported to be hydrolyzed from protein-rich sources, including animals, plants, and marine organisms, while many emerging microorganism-derived ACEIPs are theoretically biosynthesized through the nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) pathway. Notably, vasodilatation, anti-inflammation, and vascular reconstruction reversal of ACEIPs are strongly correlated. However, the related molecular mechanisms underlying signal transduction regulation in vivo remain unclear. We provide a comprehensive update of the ACE-Ang II-G protein-coupled type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R) axis signaling and its functional significance for potential translation into therapeutic strategies, particularly targeting AT1R by ACEIPs, as well as specific related signaling pathways. Future studies are expected to verify the biosynthetic regulatory mechanism of ACEIPs via the NRPS pathway, the effect of gut microbiota metabolism on vascular dysfunction and rigorous studies of ACE-Ang II-AT1R signaling pathways mediated by ACEIPs in large animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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32
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Liao W, Sun G, Xu D, Wang Y, Lu Y, Sun J, Xia H, Wang S. The Blood-Pressure-Lowering Effect of Food-Protein-Derived Peptides: A Meta-Analysis of Recent Clinical Trials. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102316. [PMID: 34681364 PMCID: PMC8535520 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clinical trials of food-protein-derived peptides in the management of hypertension have been published, the results are controversial, which compelled us to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled effect of peptide intervention. In this study, we searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021 and selected 12 eligible studies for a meta-analysis. The pooled effect of peptide intervention for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was −3.28 mmHg (95% CI: −4.54, −2.03, p < 0.001) and −1.82 mmHg (95% CI: −3.46, −0.18, p = 0.03), respectively. Sub-group analyses showed that the reduction in BP in participants with higher basal BP (>140/85 mmHg) was greater (p = 0.007 for SBP and p = 0.01 for DBP), and the effect was stronger in Asian participants as compared with non-Asian participants (p = 0.01 for SBP and p = 0.04 for DBP). In addition, the effect of peptide intervention was more pronounced on SBP in participant groups with a lower ratio of male to female (≤0.5) as well as in participants with a mean age ≥50 years old. In conclusion, food-protein-derived antihypertensive peptides can significantly reduce BP in prehypertensive and hypertensive patients. Findings from this study could provide guidance for the design of clinical trials of antihypertensive peptides.
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Landim AP, Matsubara NK, da Silva-Santos JE, Mellinger-Silva C, Rosenthal A. Application of preliminary high-pressure processing for improving bioactive characteristics and reducing antigenicity of whey protein hydrolysates. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 28:489-501. [PMID: 34134565 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211022106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of Novo Pro-D® (NPD) and Ficin (FC) as alternative proteases for the production of bioactive peptides with reduced allergenicity from whey protein concentrate (WPC). In addition, the use of high hydrostatic pressure processing as pre-treatment of WPC and its impact on the final characteristics of hydrolysates were also evaluated. NPD treatments generated hydrolysates with a 98% reduction of soluble proteins, greater in vitro antioxidant capacity, and less immunoreactivity when compared to FC ones. However, pre-treatment was an essential tool to improve WPC hydrolysis when FC was used, resulting in hydrolysates with less soluble proteins, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and less allergenicity compared with conventional hydrolysis. As for NPD, the pre-treatment of WPC improved the in vitro antioxidant capacity and resulted in a 100% reduction in immunoreactivity to β-lactoglobulin in a shorter processing time. Importantly, bioactive peptides generated by FC displayed an improved ability to induce in vitro arterial relaxation, compared with those obtained from NPD process. Therefore, this study provides innovative evidence regarding how the proteases used for production of whey hydrolysates can improve its biological effects, and discloses the use of high hydrostatic pressure combined with enzymatic hydrolysis as a promising alternative to produce hydrolysates with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pm Landim
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália K Matsubara
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José E da Silva-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Chen L, Wang L, Shu G, Li J. Antihypertensive Potential of Plant Foods: Research Progress and Prospect of Plant-Derived Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5297-5305. [PMID: 33939411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global health concerns are clearly evidenced by cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and heart attacks. Antihypertensive synthetic drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, effectively control hypertension but with unpleasant side effects. In recent decades, studies on the role of food-derived compounds have provided a positive contribution to ACE regulation. Here, the research progress of plant food-derived phenolic compounds as ACE inhibitors is reviewed. A survey of bioactive compounds of plant food is presented to broaden the source scope of natural ACE inhibitors. A consecutive understanding of plant-derived ACE inhibitors classification, inhibition mechanism, structure-activity relationship, and bioavailability are scientifically organized. The emerging evidence highlights areas that need further research, including those related to molecular structure, bioaccessibility, and interactions with gut microflora. Future research on such topics may encourage basic research and clinic application to exploit these plant food constituents as novel ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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35
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Jiang Q, Chen Q, Zhang T, Liu M, Duan S, Sun X. The Antihypertensive Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Microalgal Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Like Peptides: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084068. [PMID: 33920763 PMCID: PMC8071128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension causes many deaths worldwide and has shown an increasing trend as a severe non-communicable disease. Conventional antihypertensive drugs inevitably cause side effects, and great efforts have been made to exploit healthier and more-available substitutes. Microalgae have shown great potential in this regard and have been applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Some compounds in microalgae have been proven to have antihypertensive effects. Among these natural compounds, peptides from microalgae are promising angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors because an increasing number of peptides show hypertensive effects and ACE inhibitory-like activity. In addition to acting as ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension, these peptides have other probiotic properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, that are important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Numerous studies have revealed the important bioactivities of ACE inhibitors and their mechanisms. This review discusses the antihypertensive effects, structure-activity relationships, molecular docking studies, interaction mechanisms, and other probiotic properties of microalgal ACE inhibitory peptides according to the current research related to microalgae as potential antihypertensive drugs. Possible research directions are proposed. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of microalgal antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
- Guangdong Center for Marine Development Research, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Xian Sun
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(75)-67626350
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36
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The antihypertensive effect and mechanisms of bioactive peptides from Ruditapes philippinarum fermented with Bacillus natto in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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37
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Dobreva A, Brady-Nicholls R, Larripa K, Puelz C, Mehlsen J, Olufsen MS. A physiological model of the inflammatory-thermal-pain-cardiovascular interactions during an endotoxin challenge. J Physiol 2021; 599:1459-1485. [PMID: 33450068 DOI: 10.1113/jp280883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Inflammation in response to bacterial endotoxin challenge impacts physiological functions, including cardiovascular, thermal and pain dynamics, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. We develop an innovative mathematical model incorporating interaction pathways between inflammation and physiological processes observed in response to an endotoxin challenge. We calibrate the model to individual data from 20 subjects in an experimental study of the human inflammatory and physiological responses to endotoxin, and we validate the model against human data from an independent study. Using the model to simulate patient responses to different treatment modalities reveals that a multimodal treatment combining several therapeutic strategies gives the best recovery outcome. ABSTRACT Uncontrolled, excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators from immune cells and traumatized tissues can cause systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, one of the ten leading causes of death in the USA, and one of the three leading causes of death in the intensive care unit. Understanding how inflammation affects physiological processes, including cardiovascular, thermal and pain dynamics, can improve a patient's chance of recovery after an inflammatory event caused by surgery or a severe infection. Although the effects of the autonomic response on the inflammatory system are well-known, knowledge about the reverse interaction is lacking. The present study develops a mathematical model analyzing the inflammatory system's interactions with thermal, pain and cardiovascular dynamics in response to a bacterial endotoxin challenge. We calibrate the model with individual data from an experimental study of the inflammatory and physiological responses to a one-time administration of endotoxin in 20 healthy young men and validate it against data from an independent endotoxin study. We use simulation to explore how various treatments help patients exposed to a sustained pathological input. The treatments explored include bacterial endotoxin adsorption, antipyretics and vasopressors, as well as combinations of these. Our findings suggest that the most favourable recovery outcome is achieved by a multimodal strategy, combining all three interventions to simultaneously remove endotoxin from the body and alleviate symptoms caused by the immune system as it fights the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska Dobreva
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Renee Brady-Nicholls
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kamila Larripa
- Department of Mathematics, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Charles Puelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jesper Mehlsen
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette S Olufsen
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Tu M, Xu S, Xu Z, Cheng S, Wu D, Liu H, Du M. Identification of dual-function bovine lactoferrin peptides released using simulated gastrointestinal digestion. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Wang J, Ye X, Su Z, Zou P, Pang J, Chen JC. ACE-inhibitory peptides from Laminaria japonica and their potential anti-hypertensive mechanism. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1900923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianjiang Ye
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhichen Su
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Pang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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40
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Kaur A, Kehinde BA, Sharma P, Sharma D, Kaur S. Recently isolated food-derived antihypertensive hydrolysates and peptides: A review. Food Chem 2020; 346:128719. [PMID: 33339686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease characterized by elevated blood pressure, and a prominent metabolic syndrome of modern age. Food-borne bioactive peptides have shown considerable potencies as suitable therapeutic agents for hypertension. The peptide inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) from its default biochemical conversion of Ang I to Ang II has been studied and more relatively adopted in several studies. This review offers an examination of the isolation of concomitant proteins in foods, their hydrolysis into peptides and the biofunctionality checks of those peptides based on their anti-hypertensive potentialities. Furthermore, critical but concise details about methodologies and analytical techniques used in the purification of such peptides are discussed. This review is a beneficial literature supplement for scholars and provides functional awareness material for the food-aligned alternative therapy for hypertension. In addition, it points researchers in the direction of adopting food materials and associated by-products as natural sources for the isolation biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepansh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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41
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Bergia RE, Campbell WW, Roseguini BT, Kim JE. A high-protein meal does not improve blood pressure or vasoactive biomarker responses to acute exercise in humans. Nutr Res 2020; 81:97-107. [PMID: 32949918 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise yield prognostic information beyond resting BP. While habitual higher dietary protein intake is associated with reduced resting BP, few studies have assessed the impact of high-protein meals on acute BP and vasoactive biomarker responses to exercise. To test the hypothesis that consuming a higher-protein, lower fat meal (HP; 30 g protein, 17 g fat, 52 g carbohydrate) would attenuate the BP response to exercise and result in a more robust post-exercise hypotensive response compared to a lower-protein, higher-fat meal (LP; 13 g protein, 25 g fat, 54 g carbohydrate), we recruited 31 pre-hypertensive subjects to complete this randomized, double-blind, cross-over acute feeding study. One hundred sixty-five minutes after consuming the test HP or LP meal, subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at 70% VO2 max for 30 minutes. Blood pressure was measured prior to the meal and periodically before, during, and after exercise for a 315-minute period. Blood samples were periodically collected to quantify plasma arginine, arginine metabolites (asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine; ADMA, SDMA), endothelin-1, nitrates, and nitrites in a subset of subjects (n = 15) as shown in Supplemental Table S1. Consuming the HP meal did not influence the BP responses to exercise, including the post-exercise return to baseline BP or systolic BP area under the curve. While the HP meal resulted in greater postprandial plasma arginine concentrations, ADMA, SDMA, endothelin-1, nitrates, and nitrites were unaltered. These results suggest that consuming a higher-protein, lower-fat meal does not influence BP or vasoactive biomarker responses to exercise compared to a lower-protein, higher-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Purdue University, 800 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
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42
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Malomo S, Nwachukwu I, Girgih A, Idowu A, Aluko R, Fagbemi T. Antioxidant and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitory Properties of Cashew Nut and Fluted-Pumpkin Protein Hydrolysates. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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43
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Liao W, Wu J. The ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis as an emerging target for antihypertensive peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2572-2586. [PMID: 32551837 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1781049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Food protein-derived bioactive peptides, particularly antihypertensive peptides, are important constituents of functional foods or nutraceuticals. Most antihypertensive are identified as the inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme responsible for the generation of angiotensin II (Ang II), which is a vasoconstricting peptide. Hence, ACE has long been used as a universal target to identify antihypertensive peptides. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a homolog of ACE but uses Ang II as its key substrate to produce angiotensin (1-7), exerting vasodilatory activity via the mas receptor (MasR). Therefore, ACE2 functions in the opposite way as ACE and is an emerging novel target for cardiovascular therapy. The potential of food protein-derived bioactive peptides in targeting ACE2 has been rarely explored. While, recently we found that IRW, an egg white ovotransferrin-derived antihypertensive peptide, reduced blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis, indicating a new mechanism of food protein-derived bioactive peptides in reducing blood pressure. The objectives of this review are to summarize the functions of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis and to examine its potential roles in the actions of food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides. The interaction between antihypertensive peptides and the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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44
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Manavalan B, Basith S, Shin TH, Wei L, Lee G. mAHTPred: a sequence-based meta-predictor for improving the prediction of anti-hypertensive peptides using effective feature representation. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:2757-2765. [PMID: 30590410 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death globally accounting for approximately 17.7 million deaths per year. One of the stakes linked with cardiovascular diseases and other complications is hypertension. Naturally derived bioactive peptides with antihypertensive activities serve as promising alternatives to pharmaceutical drugs. So far, there is no comprehensive analysis, assessment of diverse features and implementation of various machine-learning (ML) algorithms applied for antihypertensive peptide (AHTP) model construction. RESULTS In this study, we utilized six different ML algorithms, namely, Adaboost, extremely randomized tree (ERT), gradient boosting (GB), k-nearest neighbor, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) using 51 feature descriptors derived from eight different feature encodings for the prediction of AHTPs. While ERT-based trained models performed consistently better than other algorithms regardless of various feature descriptors, we treated them as baseline predictors, whose predicted probability of AHTPs was further used as input features separately for four different ML-algorithms (ERT, GB, RF and SVM) and developed their corresponding meta-predictors using a two-step feature selection protocol. Subsequently, the integration of four meta-predictors through an ensemble learning approach improved the balanced prediction performance and model robustness on the independent dataset. Upon comparison with existing methods, mAHTPred showed superior performance with an overall improvement of approximately 6-7% in both benchmarking and independent datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The user-friendly online prediction tool, mAHTPred is freely accessible at http://thegleelab.org/mAHTPred. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Leyi Wei
- School of Computer Science and Technology, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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45
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Daliri EBM, Ofosu FK, Chelliah R, Lee BH, An H, Elahi F, Barathikannan K, Kim JH, Oh DH. Influence of fermented soy protein consumption on hypertension and gut microbial modulation in spontaneous hypertensive rats. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:199-208. [PMID: 33117618 PMCID: PMC7573110 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant proteins are known to possess important bioactive peptides and have a positive
impact on gut microbial modulation. In this study, we studied the ability of a single dose
of a fermented soy protein product (P-SPI) to reduce high blood pressure in spontaneous
hypertensive rats (SHR) and how it modulates the gut microbiota after six weeks of
feeding. SHRs were fed with P-SPI, Captopril or distilled water once, and their blood
pressures were monitored from the first to twelfth-hour post-administration. Consumption
of P-SPI significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures up to the sixth hour
by 25 ± 4 mmHg and 40 ± 5 mmHg respectively. P-SPI consumption inhibited serum ACE
activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide levels and reduced
malondialdehyde levels in serum. Analysis of fecal microbial 16S rRNA of hypertensive rats
revealed a significant reduction in microbial richness and diversity in the gut, while
P-SPI consumption improved microbial richness and increased diversity. Also, P-SPI feeding
significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes
ratio, increased propionate- and H2S-producing bacteria and reduced
Streptococcaceae and Erysipelotrichales levels. Our
results show that P-SPI is a potential antihypertensive functional food which could
remodel the altered gut microbiota of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Byong H Lee
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,SportBiomics, Inc., Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Joong-Hark Kim
- R&D, Erom Company Limited, R&D Center, 111, Toegye Nonggong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24427, Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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46
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Wang X, Bhullar KS, Fan H, Liao W, Qiao Y, Su D, Wu J. Regulatory Effects of a Pea-Derived Peptide Leu-Arg-Trp (LRW) on Dysfunction of Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells against Angiotensin II Stimulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3947-3953. [PMID: 32157879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and proliferation are crucial mediators of vascular dysfunction which contribute to the pathology of hypertension. A tripeptide, LRW (Leu-Arg-Trp), was characterized from pea protein legumin, and its previously studied isomer IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was reported to exhibit antihypertensive activity via activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The objective of the current study was to explore the effects of LRW on vascular stress in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cellular stress. LRW treatment could decrease Ang II-triggered superoxide production, inflammation, and proliferation in VSMCs. The abovementioned advantageous effects appeared to involve the upregulation of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis and modulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. These findings specified the prospective role of LRW as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yongjin Qiao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Di Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
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47
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Jahandideh F, Wu J. Perspectives on the Potential Benefits of Antihypertensive Peptides towards Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2192. [PMID: 32235782 PMCID: PMC7139547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the regulation of blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also plays a key role in the onset and development of insulin resistance, which is central to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Due to the interplay between RAS and insulin resistance, antihypertensive compounds may exert beneficial effects in the management of MetS. Food-derived bioactive peptides with RAS blocking properties can potentially improve adipose tissue dysfunction, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. This review discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension and the association between RAS and pathogenesis of the MetS. The effects of bioactive peptides with RAS modulating effects on other components of the MetS are discussed. While the in vivo reports on the effectiveness of antihypertensive peptides against MetS are encouraging, the exact mechanism by which these peptides infer their effects on glucose and lipid handling is mostly unknown. Therefore, careful design of experiments along with standardized physiological models to study the effect of antihypertensive peptides on insulin resistance and obesity could help to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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48
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Chamata Y, Watson KA, Jauregi P. Whey-Derived Peptides Interactions with ACE by Molecular Docking as a Potential Predictive Tool of Natural ACE Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E864. [PMID: 32013233 PMCID: PMC7036835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several milk/whey derived peptides possess high in vitro angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. However, in some cases, poor correlation between the in vitro ACE inhibitory activity and the in vivo antihypertensive activity has been observed. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the structure-activity relationship of peptide sequences present in whey/milk protein hydrolysates with high ACE inhibitory activity, which could lead to a better understanding and prediction of their in vivo antihypertensive activity. The potential interactions between peptides produced from whey proteins, previously reported as high ACE inhibitors such as IPP, LIVTQ, IIAE, LVYPFP, and human ACE were assessed using a molecular docking approach. The results show that peptides IIAE, LIVTQ, and LVYPFP formed strong H bonds with the amino acids Gln 259, His 331, and Thr 358 in the active site of the human ACE. Interestingly, the same residues were found to form strong hydrogen bonds with the ACE inhibitory drug Sampatrilat. Furthermore, peptides IIAE and LVYPFP interacted with the amino acid residues Gln 259 and His 331, respectively, also in common with other ACE-inhibitory drugs such as Captopril, Lisinopril and Elanapril. Additionally, IIAE interacted with the amino acid residue Asp 140 in common with Lisinopril, and LIVTQ interacted with Ala 332 in common with both Lisinopril and Elanapril. The peptides produced naturally from whey by enzymatic hydrolysis interacted with residues of the human ACE in common with potent ACE-inhibitory drugs which suggests that these natural peptides may be potent ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Chamata
- Harry Nursten Building, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Kimberly A. Watson
- Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Paula Jauregi
- Harry Nursten Building, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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49
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Mansouri M, Pahlavani N, Sharifi F, Varmaghani M, Shokri A, Yaghubi H, Asbaghi O, Keshtkar A, Tabrizi YM, Sadeghi O. Dairy Consumption in Relation to Hypertension Among a Large Population of University Students: The MEPHASOUS Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1633-1642. [PMID: 32523363 PMCID: PMC7234968 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s248592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a chronic condition that its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. Findings on the association between dairy consumption and hypertension are conflicting and few data are available in the Middle East. AIM To assess the association between dairy consumption and hypertension among a large population of university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was performed in the framework of the Mental and Physical Health Assessment of University Student (MEPHASOUS) project. Overall, 67,011 university students with complete information were included in the statistical analysis. To assess dairy consumption, a self-administered dietary habits questionnaire was employed. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg was considered hypertension. RESULTS Hypertension was prevalent among 6.9% of students. A significant inverse association was found between dairy consumption and the odds of hypertension; such that after taking potential confounders into account, individuals in the highest levels of dairy consumption had 85% lower odds for having hypertension compared with those in the lowest levels (odds ratio (OR): 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.18). Such an inverse association was also seen among males (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.11-0.18) and females (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.12-0.21), normal-weight students (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.12-0.18) and those with overweight or obesity (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.11-0.21), and individuals with (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.11-0.16) and without (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.17-0.35) family history of hypertension. CONCLUSION Our results support the previous findings on the inverse association between dairy consumption and hypertension among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Mansouri
- Student Health Services, Students’ Health and Consultation Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Varmaghani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azad Shokri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamid Yaghubi
- Department of Psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Omid Sadeghi Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.o. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, IranTel +98-21-88955805Fax +98-21-88984861 Email
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50
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Aquaculture and by-products: Challenges and opportunities in the use of alternative protein sources and bioactive compounds. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 92:127-185. [PMID: 32402443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cardiovascular diseases resulting from profound changes in the western lifestyle. Aquaculture by-products are generated in large quantities and they can be profitably recycled through their bioactive compounds used for health or food supplements. Improving waste utilization in the field of aquaculture is essential for a sustainable industry to prevent or minimize the environmental impact. In this sense fish by-products are a great source of protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which are particularly studied on Atlantic salmon or rainbow trout. Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) obtained from chemical, enzymatical and microbial hydrolysis of processing by-products are being used as a source of amino acids and peptides with high digestibility, fast absorption and important biological activities. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) from fish discards have been reported to decrease postprandial triacylglycerol levels, reduction of blood pressure, platelet aggregation and the inflammatory response. Crustacean by-products can also be used to produce chitosan with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for food and pharmaceutical industries and carotenoids with important biological activity. Seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as alginate, carrageenan, agar, carotenoids and polyphenols with different biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activity. Finally, regarding harvest microalgae, during the past decades, they were mainly used in the healthy food market, with >75% of the annual microalgal biomass production, used for the manufacture of powders, tablets, capsules or pills. We will report and discuss the present and future role of aquaculture by-products as sources of biomolecules for the design and development of functional foods/beverages. This chapter will focus on the main bioactive compounds from aquaculture by-products as functional compounds in food and their applications in biomedicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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