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Li D, Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Maghsoudloo M, Fu J, Liu X, Xiao X, Wei C, Fu J. Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) expression and cordycepin inhibition in progression, prognosis, and therapeutics of patients with breast invasive carcinoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:4374-4385. [PMID: 38947392 PMCID: PMC11212093 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor in women worldwide. TRIM28 (RNF96) plays pleiotropic biological functions, such as silencing target genes, facilitating DNA repair, stimulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, and contributing to cancer progression. TRIM28 plays an increasingly crucial role in cancer, but its impact on BC, including breast invasive carcinoma, remains poorly understood. In the current study, analyses of online databases, quantitative real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were performed on patients with breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). Cordycepin (CD) was used to monitor BC progression and TRIM28 expression in vivo. As a result, we observed that TRIM28 is highly expressed in breast invasive carcinoma tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues and is correlated with metastatic / invasive progression. High expression of TRIM28 might serve as a prognostic marker for long-term survival in triple-negative BC, advanced BC, or breast invasive carcinoma. Although TRIM28 methylation in tumor tissues of breast invasive carcinoma is not significantly changed compared to the matched normal tissues, the expressions and methylation of TRIM28 are significantly reversely correlated. TRIM28 expression was inhibited by CD in the mouse model, indicating its role in preventing BC progression. Thus, TRIM28 might be a potentially valuable molecular target for forecasting the progression / prognosis of patients with breast invasive carcinoma. CD, which represses BC growth/metastasis, may be involved partially through suppressing TRIM28 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lianmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiuli Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
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Kilinc OC, Ugurlu S. Clinical features of dermatomyositis patients with anti-TIF1 antibodies: A case based comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103464. [PMID: 37863375 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dermatomyositis is chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting skin and muscles. Antibodies are key players of pathogenesis and are in strong correlation with distinct clinical phenotypes. We present a case and a comprehensive review of the literature on dermatomyositis patients with Anti TIF1 antibodies. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were reviewed. 166 articles were identified; 95 of them were evaluated; 79 of them included to the study. 45 of the included articles were case reports 9 were case series and 25 were research articles. In total 1065 patients were identified but number of patients with available information for different clinical features varied. RESULTS 69.6% of the patients with Anti TIF1-γ were female. Prevalence of malignancy was 42.6% among patients with Anti TIF1-γ. Muscle weakness (83%), Gottron sign (82.2%), heliotrope rash (73.7%), nailfold capillary changes (67.7%), dysphagia (38.4%), and joint involvement (31.1%) were the most common clinical features seen in patients with Anti TIF1-γ. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was reported among 8.7% of patients with Anti TIF1-γ. Advanced age, male gender, dysphagia, and V-neck rash were significant risk factors for malignancy, whereas juvenile age, ILD, TIF1-β antibodies and joint involvement were associated with a decreased risk for malignancy. Advanced age, malignancy, dysphagia, and muscle involvement were associated with an increased risk for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with advanced age, male gender, dysphagia, and V-neck rash require strict cancer screening. Patients with advanced age, malignancy, dysphagia, and muscle involvement have poor prognosis and should receive aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur C Kilinc
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Liu T, Chen J, Wu J, Du Q, Liu J, Tan S, Pan Y, Yao S. Role of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family in female genital neoplasms. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154811. [PMID: 37713735 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs) family represents a class of highly conservative proteins which play a large regulatory role in molecular processes. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated a role of TRIMs in female genital neoplasms. Our review thereby aimed to provide an overview of the biological involvement of TRIMs in female genital neoplasms, to provide a better understanding of its role in the development and progression of such diseases, and emphasize its potential as targeted cancer therapy. Overall, our review highlighted that the wide-ranging roles of TRIMs, in not only target protein ubiquitination, tumor migration and/or invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, cell adhesion, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, but also in influencing estrogenic, and chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Silu Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Panzeri I, Fagnocchi L, Apostle S, Tompkins M, Wolfrum E, Madaj Z, Hostetter G, Liu Y, Schaefer K, Chih-Hsiang Y, Bergsma A, Drougard A, Dror E, Chandler D, Schramek D, Triche TJ, Pospisilik JA. Developmental priming of cancer susceptibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557446. [PMID: 37745326 PMCID: PMC10515831 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA mutations are necessary drivers of cancer, yet only a small subset of mutated cells go on to cause the disease. To date, the mechanisms that determine which rare subset of cells transform and initiate tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of a unique model of intrinsic developmental heterogeneity (Trim28+/D9) and demonstrate that stochastic early life epigenetic variation can trigger distinct cancer-susceptibility 'states' in adulthood. We show that these developmentally primed states are characterized by differential methylation patterns at typically silenced heterochromatin, and that these epigenetic signatures are detectable as early as 10 days of age. The differentially methylated loci are enriched for genes with known oncogenic potential. These same genes are frequently mutated in human cancers, and their dysregulation correlates with poor prognosis. These results provide proof-of-concept that intrinsic developmental heterogeneity can prime individual, life-long cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Panzeri
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Stefanos Apostle
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Megan Tompkins
- Vivarium and Transgenics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kristen Schaefer
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Chih-Hsiang
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Alexis Bergsma
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Anne Drougard
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Erez Dror
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Darrell Chandler
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - J. Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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Du Q, Stow EC, LaCoste D, Freeman B, Baddoo M, Shareef A, Miller KM, Belancio VP. A novel role of TRIM28 B box domain in L1 retrotransposition and ORF2p-mediated cDNA synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4429-4450. [PMID: 37070200 PMCID: PMC10201437 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) integration is affected by many cellular factors through various mechanisms. Some of these factors are required for L1 amplification, while others either suppress or enhance specific steps during L1 propagation. Previously, TRIM28 has been identified to suppress transposable elements, including L1 expression via its canonical role in chromatin remodeling. Here, we report that TRIM28 through its B box domain increases L1 retrotransposition and facilitates shorter cDNA and L1 insert generation in cultured cells. Consistent with the latter, we observe that tumor specific L1 inserts are shorter in endometrial, ovarian, and prostate tumors with higher TRIM28 mRNA expression than in those with lower TRIM28 expression. We determine that three amino acids in the B box domain that are involved in TRIM28 multimerization are critical for its effect on both L1 retrotransposition and cDNA synthesis. We provide evidence that B boxes from the other two members in the Class VI TRIM proteins, TRIM24 and TRIM33, also increase L1 retrotransposition. Our findings could lead to a better understanding of the host/L1 evolutionary arms race in the germline and their interplay during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Du
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Emily C Stow
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Dawn LaCoste
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Benjamin Freeman
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Afzaal M Shareef
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Victoria P Belancio
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans 70112, USA
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Kralj J, Pernar Kovač M, Dabelić S, Polančec DS, Wachtmeister T, Köhrer K, Brozovic A. Transcriptome analysis of newly established carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell model reveals genes shared by drug resistance and drug-induced EMT. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1344-1359. [PMID: 36717670 PMCID: PMC10050213 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer (OC) therapy, even initially responsive patients develop drug resistance. METHODS Here, we present an OC cell model composed of variants with differing degrees of acquired resistance to carboplatin (CBP), cross-resistance to paclitaxel, and CBP-induced metastatic properties (migration and invasion). Transcriptome data were analysed by two approaches identifying differentially expressed genes and CBP sensitivity-correlating genes. The impact of selected genes and signalling pathways on drug resistance and metastatic potential, along with their clinical relevance, was examined by in vitro and in silico approaches. RESULTS TMEM200A and PRKAR1B were recognised as potentially involved in both phenomena, also having high predictive and prognostic values for OC patients. CBP-resistant MES-OV CBP8 cells were more sensitive to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors Rapamycin, Wortmannin, SB216763, and transcription inhibitor Triptolide compared with parental MES-OV cells. When combined with CBP, Rapamycin decreased the sensitivity of parental cells while Triptolide sensitised drug-resistant cells to CBP. Four PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors reduced migration in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS A newly established research model and two distinct transcriptome analysis approaches identified novel candidate genes enrolled in CBP resistance development and/or CBP-induced EMT and implied that one-gene targeting could be a better approach than signalling pathway inhibition for influencing both phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juran Kralj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Pernar Kovač
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Thorsten Wachtmeister
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Czerwinska P, Mackiewicz AA. Bromodomain (BrD) Family Members as Regulators of Cancer Stemness-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:995. [PMID: 36674511 PMCID: PMC9861003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and chromatin modifications have emerged as critical facilitators of cancer heterogeneity, substantially affecting cancer development and progression, modulating cell phenotypes, and enhancing or inhibiting cancer cell malignant properties. Not surprisingly, considering the importance of epigenetic regulators in normal stem cell maintenance, many chromatin-related proteins are essential to maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like state. With increased tumor-initiating capacities and self-renewal potential, CSCs promote tumor growth, provide therapy resistance, spread tumors, and facilitate tumor relapse after treatment. In this review, we characterized the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the acquisition and maintenance of cancer stemness concerning selected epigenetic factors belonging to the Bromodomain (BrD) family of proteins. An increasing number of BrD proteins reinforce cancer stemness, supporting the maintenance of the cancer stem cell population in vitro and in vivo via the utilization of distinct mechanisms. As bromodomain possesses high druggable potential, specific BrD proteins might become novel therapeutic targets in cancers exhibiting de-differentiated tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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TRIM28 Is a Novel Regulator of CD133 Expression Associated with Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179874. [PMID: 36077272 PMCID: PMC9456468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is an extensively studied marker of the most malignant tumor cell population, designated as cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the function of this glycoprotein and its involvement in cell regulatory cascades are still poorly understood. Here we show a positive correlation between the level of CD133 plasma membrane expression and the proliferative activity of cells of the Caco-2, HT-29, and HUH7 cancer cell lines. Despite a substantial difference in the proliferative activities of cell populations with different levels of CD133 expression, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed only minor distinctions between them. Nonetheless, a further in silico assessment of the differentially expressed transcripts and proteins revealed 16 proteins that could be involved in the regulation of CD133 expression; these were assigned ranks reflecting the apparent extent of their involvement. Among them, the TRIM28 transcription factor had the highest rank. The prominent role of TRIM28 in CD133 expression modulation was confirmed experimentally in the Caco2 cell line clones: the knockout, though not the knockdown, of the TRIM28 gene downregulated CD133. These results for the first time highlight an important role of the TRIM28 transcription factor in the regulation of CD133-associated cancer cell heterogeneity.
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Wang R, Fu Y, Yao M, Cui X, Zhao Y, Lu X, Li Y, Lin Y, He S. The HN1/HMGB1 axis promotes the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuates the chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin. FEBS J 2022; 289:6400-6419. [PMID: 35596723 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) is closely associated with the proliferation and metastasis of various tumors. However, the physiological functions and clinical significance of HN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain indistinct. In this study, we investigated the role of HN1 in the pathogenesis of HCC and the underlying mechanism using clinical data from HCC patients, in vitro experiments utilizing HCC cell lines and in vivo animal models. We demonstrated that the overexpressed HN1 in HCC was correlated with patients' adverse outcomes. The gain and loss of function experiments indicated that HN1 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, we found that HN1 knockdown sensitized HCC cells to oxaliplatin. Mechanically, HN1 prevented HMGB1 protein from ubiquitination and degradation via the autophagy-lysosome pathway, which was related to the interaction between HN1 protein and TRIM28 protein. In the nucleus, the downregulation of HMGB1 followed by HN1 knockdown resulted in increased DNA damage and cell death in the oxaliplatin-treated HCC cells. In the cytoplasm, HN1 regulated autophagy via HMGB1. Furthermore, HN1 knockdown in combination with HMGB1 overexpression restored the aggressive phenotypes of HCC cells and the sensitivity of these cells to oxaliplatin. HN1 knockdown inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis, and promoted the anticancer efficiency of oxaliplatin in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggest that the HN1/HMGB1 axis plays an important role in the development/progression and chemotherapy of HCC. Our findings indicate that the HN1/HMGB1 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yunong Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Menglin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaomeng Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xinlan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yarui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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Shah PA, Boutros-Suleiman S, Emanuelli A, Paolini B, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. The Emerging Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF2 in the Regulation of Transcriptional Co-Repressor KAP1 in Untransformed and Cancer Cells and Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071607. [PMID: 35406379 PMCID: PMC8997158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary KAP1 plays an essential role in different molecular and cellular processes central to carcinogenesis, disease progression, and treatment response, revealing both tumor promoting and anticancer functions. The mechanisms that control the steady-state levels of KAP1 and its protein abundance are not well known. Our findings show that SMURF2, a ubiquitously-expressed HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase with suggested anticancer activities, is capable to directly bind, ubiquitinate, and regulate KAP1 expression levels in non-cancerous and tumor cells and tissues. The data further show that SMURF2 has a significant influence on KAP1 interactome, regulating its protein–protein interactions and functions in a catalytically-dependent manner. These findings reveal SMURF2 as a pivotal regulator of KAP1, laying a foundation for the investigation of the role of the SMURF2–KAP1 axis in carcinogenic processes and therapeutic responses to anticancer treatment. Abstract KAP1 is an essential nuclear factor acting as a scaffold for protein complexes repressing transcription. KAP1 plays fundamental role in normal and cancer cell biology, affecting cell proliferation, DNA damage response, genome integrity maintenance, migration and invasion, as well as anti-viral and immune response. Despite the foregoing, the mechanisms regulating KAP1 cellular abundance are poorly understood. In this study, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 as an important regulator of KAP1. We show that SMURF2 directly interacts with KAP1 and ubiquitinates it in vitro and in the cellular environment in a catalytically-dependent manner. Interestingly, while in the examined untransformed cells, SMURF2 mostly exerted a negative impact on KAP1 expression, a phenomenon that was also monitored in certain Smurf2-ablated mouse tissues, in tumor cells SMURF2 stabilized KAP1. This stabilization relied on the unaltered E3 ubiquitin ligase function of SMURF2. Further investigations showed that SMURF2 regulates KAP1 post-translationally, interfering with its proteasomal degradation. The conducted immunohistochemical studies showed that the reciprocal relationship between the expression of SMURF2 and KAP1 also exists in human normal and breast cancer tissues and suggested that this relationship may be disrupted by the carcinogenic process. Finally, through stratifying KAP1 interactome in cells expressing either SMURF2 wild-type or its E3 ligase-dead form, we demonstrate that SMURF2 has a profound impact on KAP1 protein–protein interactions and the associated functions, adding an additional layer in the SMURF2-mediated regulation of KAP1. Cumulatively, these findings uncover SMURF2 as a novel regulator of KAP1, governing its protein expression, interactions, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Anil Shah
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (P.A.S.); (S.B.-S.); (A.E.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Sandy Boutros-Suleiman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (P.A.S.); (S.B.-S.); (A.E.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Andrea Emanuelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (P.A.S.); (S.B.-S.); (A.E.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (P.A.S.); (S.B.-S.); (A.E.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (P.A.S.); (S.B.-S.); (A.E.); (G.L.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Randolph K, Hyder U, D’Orso I. KAP1/TRIM28: Transcriptional Activator and/or Repressor of Viral and Cellular Programs? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834636. [PMID: 35281453 PMCID: PMC8904932 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several transcriptional and epigenetic regulators have been functionally linked to the control of viral and cellular gene expression programs. One such regulator is Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1: also named TRIM28 or TIF1β), which has been extensively studied in the past three decades. Here we offer an up-to date review of its various functions in a diversity of contexts. We first summarize the discovery of KAP1 repression of endogenous retroviruses during development. We then deliberate evidence in the literature suggesting KAP1 is both an activator and repressor of HIV-1 transcription and discuss experimental differences and limitations of previous studies. Finally, we discuss KAP1 regulation of DNA and RNA viruses, and then expand on KAP1 control of cellular responses and immune functions. While KAP1 positive and negative regulation of viral and cellular transcriptional programs is vastly documented, our mechanistic understanding remains narrow. We thus propose that precision genetic tools to reveal direct KAP1 functions in gene regulation will be required to not only illuminate new biology but also provide the foundation to translate the basic discoveries from the bench to the clinics.
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12
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Lin J, Guo D, Liu H, Zhou W, Wang C, Müller I, Kossenkov AV, Drapkin R, Bitler BG, Helin K, Zhang R. The SETDB1-TRIM28 Complex Suppresses Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1413-1424. [PMID: 34848497 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment is influenced by the epigenetic landscape of the tumor. Here, we have identified the SETDB1-TRIM28 complex as a critical suppressor of antitumor immunity. An epigenetic CRISPR-Cas9 screen of 1,218 chromatin regulators identified TRIM28 as a suppressor of PD-L1 expression. We then revealed that expression of the SETDB1-TRIM28 complex negatively correlated with infiltration of effector CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of SETDB1-TRIM28 simultaneously upregulated PD-L1 and activated the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune response pathway to increase infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, SETDB1-TRIM28 inhibition led to micronuclei formation in the cytoplasm, which is known to activate the cGAS-STING pathway. Thus, SETDB1-TRIM28 inhibition bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, SETDB1 knockout enhanced the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-L1 in a mouse model of ovarian cancer in a cGAS-dependent manner. Our findings establish the SETDB1-TRIM28 complex as a regulator of antitumor immunity and demonstrate that its loss activates cGAS-STING innate immunity to boost the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuang Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dajiang Guo
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heng Liu
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Zhou
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chen Wang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Iris Müller
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristian Helin
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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13
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Park HH, Kim HR, Park SY, Hwang SM, Hong SM, Park S, Kang HC, Morgan MJ, Cha JH, Lee D, Roe JS, Kim YS. RIPK3 activation induces TRIM28 derepression in cancer cells and enhances the anti-tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:107. [PMID: 34419074 PMCID: PMC8379748 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is emerging as a new target for cancer immunotherapy as it is now recognized as a form of cell death that increases tumor immunogenicity, which would be especially helpful in treating immune-desert tumors. De novo synthesis of inflammatory proteins during necroptosis appears especially important in facilitating increased anti-tumor immune responses. While late-stage transcription mediated by NF-κB during cell death is believed to play a role in this process, it is otherwise unclear what cell signaling events initiate this transactivation of inflammatory genes. Methods We employed tandem-affinity purification linked to mass spectrometry (TAP-MS), in combination with the analysis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets to identify the Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28) as a candidate co-repressor. Comprehensive biochemical and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize the role of TRIM28 in RIPK3 activation-induced transcriptional and immunomodulatory events. The cell composition estimation module was used to evaluate the correlation between RIPK3/TRIM28 levels and CD8+ T cells or dendritic cells (DC) in all TCGA tumors. Results We identified TRIM28 as a co-repressor that regulates transcriptional activity during necroptosis. Activated RIPK3 phosphorylates TRIM28 on serine 473, inhibiting its chromatin binding activity, thereby contributing to the transactivation of NF-κB and other transcription factors, such as SOX9. This leads to elevated cytokine expression, which then potentiates immunoregulatory processes, such as DC maturation. The expression of RIPK3 has a significant positive association with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells populations in various tumor type, thereby activating anti-cancer responses. Conclusion Our data suggest that RIPK3 activation-dependent derepression of TRIM28 in cancer cells leads to increased immunostimulatory cytokine production in the tumor microenvironment, which then contributes to robust cytotoxic anti-tumor immunity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01399-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Michael J Morgan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, 74464, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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14
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Disruption of RING and PHD Domains of TRIM28 Evokes Differentiation in Human iPSCs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081933. [PMID: 34440702 PMCID: PMC8394524 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM28, a multi-domain protein, is crucial in the development of mouse embryos and the maintenance of embryonic stem cells’ (ESC) self-renewal potential. As the epigenetic factor modulating chromatin structure, TRIM28 regulates the expression of numerous genes and is associated with progression and poor prognosis in many types of cancer. Because of many similarities between highly dedifferentiated cancer cells and normal pluripotent stem cells, we applied human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) as a model for stemness studies. For the first time in hiPSC, we analyzed the function of individual TRIM28 domains. Here we demonstrate the essential role of a really interesting new gene (RING) domain and plant homeodomain (PHD) in regulating pluripotency maintenance and self-renewal capacity of hiPSC. Our data indicate that mutation within the RING or PHD domain leads to the loss of stem cell phenotypes and downregulation of the FGF signaling. Moreover, impairment of RING or PHD domain results in decreased proliferation and impedes embryoid body formation. In opposition to previous data indicating the impact of phosphorylation on TRIM28 function, our data suggest that TRIM28 phosphorylation does not significantly affect the pluripotency and self-renewal maintenance of hiPSC. Of note, iPSC with disrupted RING and PHD functions display downregulation of genes associated with tumor metastasis, which are considered important targets in cancer treatment. Our data suggest the potential use of RING and PHD domains of TRIM28 as targets in cancer therapy.
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15
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The Association between TIF1 Family Members and Cancer Stemness in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071528. [PMID: 33810347 PMCID: PMC8061774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stem cell-associated molecular features of solid tumors, collectively known as cancer stemness, are of great importance in the development, progression, and reoccurrence of cancer. Transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation is significantly associated with cancer stemness. Here, we investigated the association between the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family members and cancer stemness in solid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the potential value of TIF1 members in predicting a stem-like cancer phenotype. Our results indicate that only TIF1β (also known as Tripartite Motif protein 28, TRIM28) high expression is consequently associated with a “stemness high” phenotype, regardless of the tumor type, resulting in a worse prognosis for cancer patients. The oncogenic signature of TRIM28HIGH tumors significantly reflects the enrichment of “stemness high” cancers with targets for c-Myc (MYC Proto-Oncogene). TRIM28-associated gene expression profiles are also robustly enriched with stemness markers. Our results demonstrate that the association between high TRIM28 expression and an enriched cancer stem cell-like phenotype is a common phenomenon across solid tumors. Abstract Cancer progression entails a gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype in parallel with the acquisition of stem cell-like features. Cancer de-differentiation and the acquisition of stemness features are mediated by the transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation of cancer cells. Here, using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and harnessing several bioinformatic tools, we characterized the association between Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family members and cancer stemness in 27 distinct types of solid tumors. We aimed to define the prognostic value for TIF1 members in predicting a stem cell-like cancer phenotype and patient outcome. Our results demonstrate that high expression of only one member of the TIF1 family, namely TIF1β (also known as Tripartite Motif protein 28, TRIM28) is consequently associated with enriched cancer stemness across the tested solid tumor types, resulting in a worse prognosis for cancer patients. TRIM28 is highly expressed in higher grade tumors that exhibit stem cell-like traits. In contrast to other TIF1 members, only TIF1β/TRIM28-associated gene expression profiles were robustly enriched with stemness markers regardless of the tumor type. Our work demonstrates that TIF1 family members exhibit distinct expression patterns in stem cell-like tumors, despite their structural and functional similarity. Among other TIF1 members, only TRIM28 might serve as a marker of cancer stemness features.
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16
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Zhu X, Wang X, Yan W, Yang H, Xiang Y, Lv F, Shi Y, Li HY, Lan L. Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of TRDMT1 regulates homologous recombination and therapeutic response. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab010. [PMID: 33778494 PMCID: PMC7984809 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA methyltransferase TRDMT1 has recently emerged as a key regulator of homologous recombination (HR) in the transcribed regions of the genome, but how it is regulated and its relevance in cancer remain unknown. Here, we identified that TRDMT1 is poly-ubiquitinated at K251 by the E3 ligase TRIM28, removing TRDMT1 from DNA damage sites and allowing completion of HR. Interestingly, K251 is adjacent to G155 in the 3D structure, and the G155V mutation leads to hyper ubiquitination of TRDMT1, reduced TRDMT1 levels and impaired HR. Accordingly, a TRDMT1 G155V mutation in an ovarian cancer super responder to platinum treatment. Cells expressing TRDMT1-G155V are sensitive to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, high expression of TRDMT1 in patients with ovarian cancer correlates with platinum resistance. A potent TRDMT1 inhibitor resensitizes TRDMT1-high tumor cells to cisplatin. These results suggest that TRDMT1 is a promising therapeutic target to sensitize ovarian tumors to platinum therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Fengping Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hong-yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Li Lan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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TRIM28 is a distinct prognostic biomarker that worsens the tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20308-20331. [PMID: 33091876 PMCID: PMC7655206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is an important determinant of cancer prognosis and treatment efficacy. To identify immune-related prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma, we used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the immune and stromal scores of 517 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We detected 985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with high and low immune and stromal scores, and we analyzed their functions and protein-protein interactions. TRIM28 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients with low immune and stromal scores, and was associated with a poor prognosis. The TISIDB and TIMER databases indicated that TRIM28 expression correlated negatively with immune infiltration. We then explored genes that were co-expressed with TRIM28 in TCGA, and investigated DEGs based on TRIM28 expression in GSE43580 and GSE7670. The 429 common DEGs from these analyses were functionally analyzed. We also performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using TCGA data, and predicted substrates of TRIM28 using UbiBrowser. The results indicated that TRIM28 may negatively regulate the TIME by increasing the SUMOylation of IRF5 and IRF8. Correlation analyses and validations in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC9 and H1299) confirmed these findings. Thus, TRIM28 may worsen the TIME and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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18
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Czerwinska P, Jaworska AM, Wlodarczyk NA, Mackiewicz AA. Melanoma Stem Cell-Like Phenotype and Significant Suppression of Immune Response within a Tumor Are Regulated by TRIM28 Protein. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2998. [PMID: 33076560 PMCID: PMC7650661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM28 emerged as a guard of the intrinsic "state of cell differentiation", facilitating self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells. Recent reports imply TRIM28 engagement in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, although the exact mechanism remains unresolved. TRIM28 high expression is associated with worse melanoma patient outcomes. Here, we investigated the association between TRIM28 level and melanoma stemness, and aligned it with the antitumor immune response to find the mechanism of "stemness high/immune low" melanoma phenotype acquisition. Based on the SKCM TCGA data, the TRIM28 expression profile, clinicopathological features, expression of correlated genes, and the level of stemness and immune scores were analyzed in patient samples. The biological function for differentially expressed genes was annotated with GSEA. Results were validated with additional datasets from R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and in vitro with a panel of seven melanoma cell lines. All statistical analyses were accomplished using GraphPad Prism 8. TRIM28HIGH-expressing melanoma patients are characterized by worse outcomes and significantly different gene expression profiles than the TRIM28NORM cohort. TRIM28 high level related to higher melanoma stemness as measured with several distinct scores and TRIM28HIGH-expressing melanoma cell lines possess the greater potential of melanosphere formation. Moreover, TRIM28HIGH melanoma tumors were significantly depleted with infiltrating immune cells, especially cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, TRIM28 emerged as a good predictor of "stemness high/immune low" melanoma phenotype. Our data indicate that TRIM28 might facilitate this phenotype by direct repression of interferon signaling. TRIM28 emerged as a direct link between stem cell-like phenotype and attenuated antitumor immune response in melanoma, although further studies are needed to evaluate the direct mechanism of TRIM28-mediated stem-like phenotype acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Jaworska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Nikola Agata Wlodarczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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19
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TIF1 Proteins in Genome Stability and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082094. [PMID: 32731534 PMCID: PMC7463590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer cells which results in excessive DNA damage. To counteract this, cells have evolved a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR) to rapidly sense DNA damage and promote its repair whilst halting cell cycle progression. The DDR functions predominantly within the context of chromatin and requires the action of chromatin-binding proteins to coordinate the appropriate response. TRIM24, TRIM28, TRIM33 and TRIM66 make up the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family of chromatin-binding proteins, a subfamily of the large tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases. All four TIF1 proteins are aberrantly expressed across numerous cancer types, and increasing evidence suggests that TIF1 family members can function to maintain genome stability by mediating chromatin-based responses to DNA damage. This review provides an overview of the TIF1 family in cancer, focusing on their roles in DNA repair, chromatin regulation and cell cycle regulation.
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20
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Bacon CW, Challa A, Hyder U, Shukla A, Borkar AN, Bayo J, Liu J, Wu SY, Chiang CM, Kutateladze TG, D'Orso I. KAP1 Is a Chromatin Reader that Couples Steps of RNA Polymerase II Transcription to Sustain Oncogenic Programs. Mol Cell 2020; 78:1133-1151.e14. [PMID: 32402252 PMCID: PMC7305985 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) cycle, including pausing and pause release, maintains transcriptional homeostasis and organismal functions. Despite previous work to understand individual transcription steps, we reveal a mechanism that integrates RNA Pol II cycle transitions. Surprisingly, KAP1/TRIM28 uses a previously uncharacterized chromatin reader cassette to bind hypo-acetylated histone 4 tails at promoters, guaranteeing continuous progression of RNA Pol II entry to and exit from the pause state. Upon chromatin docking, KAP1 first associates with RNA Pol II and then recruits a pathway-specific transcription factor (SMAD2) in response to cognate ligands, enabling gene-selective CDK9-dependent pause release. This coupling mechanism is exploited by tumor cells to aberrantly sustain transcriptional programs commonly dysregulated in cancer patients. The discovery of a factor integrating transcription steps expands the functional repertoire by which chromatin readers operate and provides mechanistic understanding of transcription regulation, offering alternative therapeutic opportunities to target transcriptional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Bacon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Biological Chemistry Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwini Challa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Usman Hyder
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashutosh Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aditi N Borkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Juan Bayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires 1629, Argentina
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Iván D'Orso
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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21
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Mandell MA, Saha B, Thompson TA. The Tripartite Nexus: Autophagy, Cancer, and Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein Family Members. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32226386 PMCID: PMC7081753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradative process that has multiple important actions in cancer. Autophagy modulation is under consideration as a promising new approach to cancer therapy. However, complete autophagy dysregulation is likely to have substantial undesirable side effects. Thus, more targeted approaches to autophagy modulation may prove clinically beneficial. One potential avenue to achieving this goal is to focus on the actions of tripartite motif-containing protein family members (TRIMs). TRIMs have key roles in an array of cellular processes, and their dysregulation has been extensively linked to cancer risk and prognosis. As detailed here, emerging data shows that TRIMs can play important yet context-dependent roles in controlling autophagy and in the selective targeting of autophagic substrates. This review covers how the autophagy-related actions of TRIM proteins contribute to cancer and the possibility of targeting TRIM-directed autophagy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Todd A Thompson
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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22
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Cui J, Hu J, Ye Z, Fan Y, Li Y, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. TRIM28 protects CARM1 from proteasome-mediated degradation to prevent colorectal cancer metastasis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:986-997. [PMID: 36659810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
TRIM28 (Tripartite motif-containing protein 28), a member of TRIM family, is aberrantly expressed and reportedly has different functions in many types of human cancer. However, the biological roles of TRIM28 and related mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, we showed that TRIM28 was downregulated in colorectal cancer compared with normal mucosa, especially at advanced stages, and acted as an independent prognostic factor of favorable outcome. Functional studies demonstrated that TRIM28 restrained CRC migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we reported that CARM1 (co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase1) was a critical player downstream of TRIM28. TRIM28 interacted with CARM1, and protected CARM1 from proteasome-mediated degradation through physical protein-protein interaction to suppress CRC metastasis. Further, TRIM28 suppressed the migration and invasion of CRC cells through inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling in a CARM1-dependent manner, but independent of CARM1's methyltransferase activity. The protein expression of CARM1 was positively correlated with TRIM28 in CRC tissues. Patients with high levels of TRIM28 and CARM1 had improved prognosis, whereas patients with low TRIM28 and CARM1 expression had the poor outcomes. Thus, our study reveals an inhibitory role of TRIM28 in CRC metastasis, which was achieved through a TRIM28-CARM1-WNT/β-catenin axis. This work provides potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhilan Ye
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongli Fan
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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23
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Jin C, Gong X, Shang Y. GLUT5 increases fructose utilization in ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5425-5436. [PMID: 31371983 PMCID: PMC6635899 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructose is one of the most common dietary carbohydrates in the whole world, and recent studies have found that fructose consumption is closely related to the oncogenesis and development of tumors, however, very few studies have focused on the fructose in ovarian cancer. GLUT5 (Glucose transporter type 5), as a specific fructose transporter in mammalian cells, has also been found highly expressed in many cancers. Methods: In this study, we investigated the abilities of proliferation, colony formation, and migration of ovarian cancer cells in fructose medium, and then silenced GLUT5 in ovarian cancer cells to explore the role GLUT5 in fructose metabolism in ovarian cancer. Results: The results showed that the ovarian cancer cells had similar abilities of proliferation and migration in fructose medium and glucose medium, but silencing GLUT5 could significantly inhibit these abilities in fructose medium. Meanwhile, we found that GLUT5 was higher expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, and its expression correlated significantly with tumor malignancy and poor survival of ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, the results of animal experiments also demonstrated that intake too much fructose could prominently increase tumor volume, and silencing GLUT5 could significantly inhibit tumor proliferation. Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrate that ovarian cancer cells could utilize fructose for their growth, and restricting the fructose intake or targeting GLUT5 may be efficacious strategies for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Gong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Shang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
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24
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Peng Y, Zhang M, Jiang Z, Jiang Y. TRIM28 activates autophagy and promotes cell proliferation in glioblastoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:397-404. [PMID: 30655676 PMCID: PMC6322701 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s188101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) is a transcriptional corepressor involved in the regulation of several cancers, including glioma. It has been reported that TRIM28 takes part in the process of autophagy. However, its effect on the autophagy and cell proliferation in gliomas has not been elucidated. Here, we report a novel tumor cell proliferation mechanism in which TRIM28-regulated autophagy promotes glioma tumor cell proliferation. Materials and methods We analyzed the expressions of TRIM28 and LC3 in different WHO grades of gliomas by IHC assays. We then knocked down and overexpressed TRIM28 or knocked down ATG5 in U251 cells and confirmed its roles in autophagy and cell proliferation via cell counting, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Results The results showed that TRIM28 and autophagy levels were significantly increased with the progression of tumor grade in glioma. TRIM28 promoted glioblastoma cell proliferation. Knockdown of TRIM28 inhibited autophagy in glioblastoma cells. Meanwhile, TRIM28 promoted glioblastoma cell proliferation by modulating TRIM28. Conclusion These data demonstrated that TRIM28 activates autophagy and increases cell proliferation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
| | - Zhongzhong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
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25
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Expression and Significance of TRIM 28 in Squamous Carcinoma of Esophagus. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1645-1652. [PMID: 30484263 PMCID: PMC6815281 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) has been proved to accelerate cell proliferation and metastasis in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of TRIM28 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, to compare the biological effect and significance of TRIM28 expression in ESCC, immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-perosidase, S-P) method was used firstly to examine the expression of TRIM28 in 136 cases of ESCC, 35 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), 29 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and 37 cases of normal esophageal epithelium (NEE). Then the associations of TRIM28 expression with clinicopathological data and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed. Western blot was performed to evaluate TRIM28 protein in a total of 20 matched human ESCC and NEE tissues. Moreover, the localization of TRIM28 protein in ESCC and NEE tissues was also detected by immunofluorescence. TRIM28 protein was mainly distributed in the nucleus of ESCC. The expression of TRIM28 increased progressively from NEE to LGIN, to HGIN, and to ESCC, and it was also related to invasive depth, pTNM stage and lymph node metastasis in ESCC (P < 0.05). The results of western blot and immunofluorescence all showed that the relative expression of TRIM28 protein was markedly upregulated in ESCC compared with the NEE tissues (P < 0.01). However, prognostic analysis showed that TRIM28 may not be a prognostic factor of patients with ESCC. In conclusion, the overexpression of TRIM28 may play an important role for development and metastasis in ESCC.
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26
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Fernandez-Marrero Y, Bachmann D, Lauber E, Kaufmann T. Negative Regulation of BOK Expression by Recruitment of TRIM28 to Regulatory Elements in Its 3' Untranslated Region. iScience 2018; 9:461-474. [PMID: 30471638 PMCID: PMC6260365 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL-2-related ovarian killer (BOK) is a pro-apoptotic BAX-like member of the BCL-2 family with suggested tumor suppressor activity. The molecular mechanisms regulating BOK expression are poorly understood and fail to explain a frequent lack of concordance between protein and transcript levels. Here, we describe a potent post-transcriptional mechanism that negatively regulates BOK expression mediated by conserved (AU/U)-rich elements within its 3’ UTR. Using proteomics approaches we identified TRIM28 as a key component associating with U-rich elements in the human BOK 3’ UTR, resulting in a dramatic reduction of BOK expression. TRIM28 is overexpressed in several cancers, correlating with poor patient outcome, whereas the BOK locus is frequently deleted or its expression downregulated in human cancers. Data mining indicated that, for certain cancers, high TRIM28 and low BOK expression are significantly correlated in the stratum of patients with the worst survival, suggesting that this mechanism might be of potential therapeutic value. BOK mRNA is destabilized by AU-(mouse) or U-rich (human) elements within its 3’ UTR Mutation of these ARE/URE sequences results in increased BOK RNA and protein levels TRIM28 represses BOK expression by associating with the UREs of human BOK mRNA Inverse correlation of TRIM28 and BOK levels predicts survival in selected cancers
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuniel Fernandez-Marrero
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lauber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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27
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Song X, Guo C, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Jin Z, Yin Y. Post-transcriptional regulation of cancer/testis antigen MAGEC2 expression by TRIM28 in tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:971. [PMID: 30309319 PMCID: PMC6182782 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer/testis antigen MAGEC2 (also known as HCA587) is highly expressed in a wide variety of tumors and plays an active role in promoting growth and metastasis of tumor cells. However, little is known for the regulation of MAGEC2 expression in cancer cells. METHODS Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to analyze MAGEC2 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was applied for detecting the endogenous interaction of MAGEC2 and TRIM28 in tumor cells. Overexpression and knockdown assays were used to examine the effects of TRIM28 on the expression of MAGEC2 protein. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed in hepatocellular carcinoma patients to evaluate the association between the expression of MAGEC2 and TRIM28. Proteasome inhibitors MG132 or PS-341 and lysosome inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) were used to inhibit proteasomal or lysosomal-mediated protein degradation respectively. RESULTS We demonstrate that MAGEC2 interacts with TRIM28 in melanoma cells and MAGEC2 expression in tumor cells depends on the expression of TRIM28. The expression level of MAGEC2 protein was significantly reduced when TRIM28 was depleted in tumor cells, and no changes were observed in MAGEC2 mRNA level. Furthermore, expression levels of MAGEC2 and TRIM28 are positively correlated in MAGEC2-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (p = 0.0011). Mechanistic studies indicate that the regulatory role of TRIM28 on MAGEC2 protein expression in tumor cells depends on proteasome-mediated pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that TRIM28 is necessary for MAGEC2 expression in cancer cells, and TRIM28 may serve as a new potential target for immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chengli Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutian Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongtian Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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28
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Su C, Li H, Gao W. TRIM28 is overexpressed in glioma and associated with tumor progression. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6447-6458. [PMID: 30349292 PMCID: PMC6188017 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) is a transcriptional co-factor targeting many genes with pleiotropic biological activities, but the study on the role of TRIM28 in glioma is rare. Methods To explore the function of TRIM28 in glioma, we first detected the expression levels of TRIM28 in glioma tissues and analyzed the correlations of TRIM28 expression with clinicopathological variables of patients in 85 cases of glioma. Meanwhile, we used shRNA to knockdown TRIM28 in glioma cell lines to detect the biological functions of TRIM28 in cell and animal experiments. Results We found that TRIM28 was expressed at significantly higher level in glioma tissues than in non-tumor brain, and TRIM28 expression correlated significantly with tumor malignancy. Furthermore, TRIM28 higher expression was also correlated with poor survival of glioma patients (P<0.01). Functionally, knockdown of TRIM28 could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and migration in glioma cells. Additionally, we found that TRIM28 could inhibit the expression of E-cadherin significantly by reducing its mRNA stability at the post-transcriptional level. Conclusion Our results suggest that TRIM28 overexpression is correlated with glioma malignant progression and patients' poor survival, so targeting TRIM28 could be an efficacious strategy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China,
| | - Hui Li
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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29
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Cui Y, Xing P, Wang Y, Liu M, Qiu L, Ying G, Li B. NADPH accumulation is responsible for apoptosis in breast cancer cells induced by fatty acid synthase inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32576-32585. [PMID: 28427229 PMCID: PMC5464810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS), as a key enzyme involved in de novo lipogenesis, is highly expressed in many cancers. FAS inhibition induces cell death in vivo and in vitro, rendering FAS as an attractive target for cancer therapy, but the defined mechanism is still not well understood. Herein, we confirmed that FAS was highly expressed in breast cancers and FAS inhibition by its inhibitors or knockdown induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that a significantly high level of reactive oxygen species was induced but not responsible for apoptosis in breast cancer cells by FAS inhibition. Instead, NADPH accumulation resulting from FAS inhibition was found to stimulate NADPH oxidase to generate reactive oxygen species and highly associated with apoptosis induction. Suppression of NADPH oxidase almost totally blocked reactive oxygen species generation while significantly potentiated the in vitro and in vivo killing of breast cancers by FAS inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that FAS plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and its inhibition leads to NADPH accumulation-mediated apoptosis. Our finding may provide new insights into cancer metabolism and aid in designing effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Pan Xing
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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30
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Liu L, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhao X, Xu Q, Lu Y, Zuo Y, Chen L, Du J, Lian Y, Zhang Q. Downregulation of TRIM28 inhibits growth and increases apoptosis of nude mice with non‑small cell lung cancer xenografts. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:835-842. [PMID: 29115614 PMCID: PMC5780162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM28 is a well-known transcriptional co-repressor of Kruppel-associated box zinc finger proteins. The authors previously demonstrated that TRIM28 small interfering (si)RNA decreases cell proliferation and inhibits cell cycle progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The present study further demonstrated that the stable silencing of TRIM28 expression by a specific siRNA lentivirus vector significantly inhibited the growth and exerted obvious anti-tumor effects in nude mice. The results of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay indicated that TRIM28 knockdown increased apoptosis. Furthermore, TRIM28 knockdown decreased the expression of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and increased the expression of Bcl-2 associated X, apoptosis regulator and p53 at the gene and protein levels. Auto-antibodies to TRIM28 were present in 12.32% of the sera of the patients with NSCLC. The results suggest that TRIM28 knockdown may be effective against NSCLC, and TRIM28 antibodies have the potential to act as novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Community Care, Nursing Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhen Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Du
- Grade 2013, Clinical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yali Lian
- Grade 2013, Clinical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Grade 2013, Clinical Institute, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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Han Y, Tian H, Chen P, Lin Q. TRIM47 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor and contributes to carcinogenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22730-22740. [PMID: 28186994 PMCID: PMC5410258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality. In this study, we found that tripartite motif containing 47 (TRIM47) expression level was higher in tumor tissues than in normal adjacent tissues. Overexpression of TRIM47 closely correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that TRIM47 overexpression could be considered an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. TRIM47 depletion significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1phase arrest in A549 and H358 cell lines. Moreover, TRIM47 silencing remarkably inhibited cell migration, cell invasion, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that cancer-related process and pathways, including p53-cell cycle and NFκB-epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, were significantly correlated with TRIM47 expression. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that TRIM47 exerts an inhibitory effect on p53 and an facilitatory effect on NF-κB, thereby promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis. Taken together, TRIM47 acts as a tumor oncogene in NSCLC. Our data provide insight into the possible biological mechanism of TRIM47 in the progression of NSCLC and highlight its usefulness as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Wiznerowicz M. The complexity of TRIM28 contribution to cancer. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:63. [PMID: 28851455 PMCID: PMC5574234 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1996, the engagement of TRIM28 in distinct aspects of cellular biology has been extensively studied resulting in identification of a complex nature of TRIM28 protein. In this review, we summarize core biological functions of TRIM28 that emerge from TRIM28 multi-domain structure and possessed enzymatic activities. Moreover, we will discuss whether the complexity of TRIM28 engagement in cancer biology makes TRIM28 a possible candidate for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Briefly, we will demonstrate the role of TRIM28 in regulation of target gene transcription, response to DNA damage, downregulation of p53 activity, stimulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness sustainability, induction of autophagy and regulation of retrotransposition, to provide the answer whether TRIM28 functions as a stimulator or inhibitor of tumorigenesis. To date, number of studies demonstrate significant upregulation of TRIM28 expression in cancer tissues which correlates with worse overall patient survival, suggesting that TRIM28 supports cancer progression. Here, we present distinct aspects of TRIM28 involvement in regulation of cancer cell homeostasis which collectively imply pro-tumorigenic character of TRIM28. Thorough analyses are further needed to verify whether TRIM28 possess the potential to become a new anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwińska
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Hao L, Leng J, Xiao R, Kingsley T, Li X, Tu Z, Yang X, Deng X, Xiong M, Xiong J, Zhang Q. Bioinformatics analysis of the prognostic value of Tripartite Motif 28 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2670-2678. [PMID: 28454449 PMCID: PMC5403292 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) is a transcriptional regulator acting as an essential corepressor for Krüppel-associated box zinc finger domain-containing proteins in multiple tissue and cell types. An increasing number of studies have investigated the function of TRIM28; however, its prognostic value in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of TRIM28 was identified to be significantly higher in cancerous compared with healthy tissue samples. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that TRIM28 expression was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological characteristics of patients with BC, such as p53 mutation, tumor recurrence and Elston grade of the tumor. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network was created to illustrate the interactions of TRIM28 with other proteins. The prognostic value of TRIM28 in patients with BC was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, which revealed that high expression of TRIM28 is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with BC. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that TRIM28 provides a survival advantage to patients with BC and is a novel prognostic biomarker, in addition to being a therapeutic target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jun Leng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ruijing Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Tembo Kingsley
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Yang
- College of Engineering Technology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Meng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) promotes breast cancer metastasis by stabilizing TWIST1 protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29822. [PMID: 27412325 PMCID: PMC4944148 DOI: 10.1038/srep29822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM28 regulates its target genes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Here we report that a TRIM28-TWIST1-EMT axis exists in breast cancer cells and TRIM28 promotes breast cancer metastasis by stabilizing TWIST1 and subsequently enhancing EMT. We find that TRIM28 is highly expressed in both cancer cell lines and advanced breast cancer tissues, and the levels of TRIM28 and TWIST1 are positively correlated with the aggressiveness of breast carcinomas. Overexpression and depletion of TRIM28 up- and down-regulates the protein, but not the mRNA levels of TWIST1, respectively, suggesting that TRIM28 upregulates TWIST1 post-transcriptionally. Overexpression of TRIM28 in breast cancer cell line promotes cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of TRIM28 reduces the protein level of TWIST1 with concurrent upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and consequently inhibits cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, Immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays demonstrated that TRIM28 interacts with TWIST1 directly and this interaction is presumed to protect TWIST1 from degradation. Our study revealed a novel mechanism in breast cancer cells that TRIM28 enhances metastasis by stabilizing TWIST1, suggesting that targeting TRIM28 could be an efficacious strategy in breast cancer treatment.
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KAP1 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 21:927-933. [PMID: 27095111 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-0979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional regulator in embryonic development, KAP1, has been proved could promote cell proliferation and metastatic progression in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of KAP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of KAP1 expression with the progression and prognosis of HCC. METHODS We measured the expression level of KAP1 in both human hepatoma cell lines and HCC tissues obtained from HCC patients by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Furthermore, the effect of KAP1 expression on hepatoma cell proliferation was investigated through KAP1 knock-down strategy. Besides that, the correlation between KAP1 expression and HCC progression was analyzed. RESULTS KAP1 overexpression was proved broadly existed in the human hepatoma cell lines. Furthermore, down-regulate the expression of KAP1 by specific siRNA could inhibit cell proliferation which was partly originated from the activation of p53 mediated signal pathway. Moreover, comparisons between the cancer tissues and noncancerous tissues proved the expression level of KAP1 was significant higher in tumor tissues obtained from HCC patients. In addition, KAP1 overexpression was significantly correlated with tumor size and tumor stage and also a predictor for poor prognosis of HCC patients. CONCLUSION Our results presented here demonstrate that KAP1 plays an important role in HCC and could be regarded as a valuable biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction, as well as a potential target for the treatment of HCC.
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Wang K, Li D, Sun L. High levels of EGFR expression in tumor stroma are associated with aggressive clinical features in epithelial ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:377-86. [PMID: 26855586 PMCID: PMC4727521 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressed in tumor stroma of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Immunohistological staining of EGFR was evaluated in 242 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The correlations of EGFR expression in tumor stroma with clinicopathological features and with the expression level of Ki-67 were analyzed by SPSS software. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model were used to analyze the effect of EGFR expression in tumor stroma on the prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Meanwhile, the activities of proliferation and migration of tumor cells were detected when EGFR overexpressed in stroma cells. RESULTS EGFR expression in tumor stroma correlated significantly with clinical stage (χ (2)=7.002, P=0.008) and distant metastases (χ (2)=16.59, P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a significantly positive correlation between the level of EGFR expressed in tumor stroma and the level of Ki-67 expressed in tumor cells (χ (2)=6.120, P=0.013). Patients with high EGFR expression level in tumor stroma showed poor survival (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of EGFR in tumor stroma was an independent predictor for epithelial ovarian cancer patients (hazard ratio =1.703; 95% confidence interval 1.125-2.578, P=0.012). Furthermore, stroma cells overexpressing EGFR could promote the proliferation and migration of adjacent tumor cells. CONCLUSION High expression of EGFR in tumor stroma correlates with aggressive clinical features in epithelial ovarian cancer, and is an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gynecologic Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Yin P, Jia J, Li J, Song Y, Zhang Y, Chen F. ABT-737, a Bcl-2 Selective Inhibitor, and Chloroquine Synergistically Kill Renal Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 24:65-72. [PMID: 27178823 PMCID: PMC7838628 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14587366983838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in the kidney in the world, and the 5-year overall survival for patients remains poor due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. Although ABT-737, as a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, has recently emerged as a novel cancer therapeutic reagent, apoptosis induced by ABT-737 is often blocked in several types of cancer cells. This study investigated whether the combination of the small-molecule BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine was an effective strategy for treating renal cancer cells. We found that the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine synergistically decreased cell viability when compared to treatment with either single reagent. Cell apoptosis induced by a combined treatment was markedly inhibited by the caspase inhibitors z-DEVD-FMK and z-VAD-FMK. It was also inhibited by cathepsin inhibitor E-64 and CTSI (cathepsin inhibitor), which suggested that apoptosis was dependent on the cascade of caspase activation and cathepsins released from lysosomes. Furthermore, we found that ABT-737 could increase the cell level of ROS, which triggers cathepsin-mediated cell death and augments the role of chloroquine in cell death. So the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine was an effective strategy for the treatment of renal cancer cells, and this combined strategy may widen the therapeutic window of ABT-737 and chloroquine as well as enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yin
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Jia
- †Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Li
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengkun Chen
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hu M, Fu X, Cui Y, Xu S, Xu Y, Dong Q, Sun L. Expression of KAP1 in epithelial ovarian cancer and its correlation with drug-resistance. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17308-17320. [PMID: 26770323 PMCID: PMC4694223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
KAP1 is a universal corepressor for Kruppel-associated box zinc finger proteins. In this study, expression level of KAP1 and its association with drug resistance and expression of P-gp and BCRP in epithelial ovarian cancer were investigated. Immunohistological staining of KAP1 in cancer and matched paraneoplastic tissues was evaluated in 242 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunohistological staining of P-gp and BCRP were also evaluated, and the associations with the expression of KAP1 in epithelial ovarian cancer were investigated. MTT assay for cell proliferation and clonogenic survival assay were applied to determine the effect of KAP1 on the sensitivity of DDP, through up-regulating the level of KAP1 expression of SKOV3 using KAP1 plasmid and down-regulating the level of KAP1 expression of SKOV3/DDP using siRNA. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of KAP1 in cancer tissues were higher than matched paraneoplastic tissues (t = 21.39, P<0.001). The patients with higher KAP1 expression often had drug resistance, and the level of KAP1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of P-gp and BCRP (P = 0.07 and P<0.001 respectively). Up-regulated the expression of KAP1 in SKOV3 cell line induced the up-regulated expression of BCRP and P-gp, increasing the resistance of chemotherapeutic drug, and down-regulated the expression of KAP1 got opposite effects. KAP1 expression correlated with aggressive clinical features in ovarian cancer, maybe through regulating the expression of P-gp and BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, CNOOC General HospitalBinhai New Area, Tianjin, 300452, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Gynecology Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Shilei Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Qiuping Dong
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Gynecology Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin 300060, China
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